“Thirty Years After Breakup of the SFRY: Modern Problems of Relations Between the Republics of the Former Yugoslavia”
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Montenegro Old and New: History, Politics, Culture, and the People
60 ZuZana Poláčková; Pieter van Duin Montenegro Old and New: History, Politics, Culture, and the People The authors are focusing on how Montenegro today is coming to terms with the task of becoming a modern European nation, which implies recognition not only of democracy, the rule of law, and so forth, but also of a degree of ‘multiculturalism’, that is recognition of the existence of cultural, ethnic, linguistic and religious minorities in a society that is dominated by a Slavic Orthodox majority. In his context they are analyzing the history of the struggle of the Montenegrin people against a host of foreign invaders – after they had ceased to be invaders themselves – and especially their apparently consistent refusal to accept Ottoman sovereignty over their homeland seemed to make them the most remarkable freedom fighters imaginable and led to the creation of a special Montenegrin image in Europe. This im- age of heroic stubbornness and unique martial bravery was even consciously cultivated in Western and Central Europe from the early nineteenth century onwards, as the Greeks, the Serbs, the Montenegrins and other Balkan peoples began to resist the Ottoman Empire in a more effective way and the force of Romantic nationalism began to influence the whole of Europe, from German historians to British politi- cians, and also including Montenegrin and Serbian poets themselves. And what about the present situa- tion? The authors of this essay carried out an improvised piece of investigation into current conditions, attitudes, and feelings on both the Albanian and the Slavic-Montenegrin side (in September 2012). key words: Montenegro; history; multiculturalism; identity; nationalism; Muslim; Orthodox Montenegro (Crna Gora, Tsrna Gora, Tsernagora) is a small country in the Western Balkans region with some 625,000 inhabitants,1 which became an independent nation in 2006 and a can- didate-member of the EU in 2010. -
Montenegro Country Report BTI 2014
BTI 2014 | Montenegro Country Report Status Index 1-10 7.50 # 22 of 129 Political Transformation 1-10 7.90 # 23 of 129 Economic Transformation 1-10 7.11 # 28 of 129 Management Index 1-10 6.51 # 18 of 129 scale score rank trend This report is part of the Bertelsmann Stiftung’s Transformation Index (BTI) 2014. It covers the period from 31 January 2011 to 31 January 2013. The BTI assesses the transformation toward democracy and a market economy as well as the quality of political management in 129 countries. More on the BTI at http://www.bti-project.org. Please cite as follows: Bertelsmann Stiftung, BTI 2014 — Montenegro Country Report. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung, 2014. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. BTI 2014 | Montenegro 2 Key Indicators Population M 0.6 HDI 0.791 GDP p.c. $ 14206.2 Pop. growth1 % p.a. 0.1 HDI rank of 187 52 Gini Index 28.6 Life expectancy years 74.5 UN Education Index 0.838 Poverty3 % 0.0 Urban population % 63.5 Gender inequality2 - Aid per capita $ 163.1 Sources: The World Bank, World Development Indicators 2013 | UNDP, Human Development Report 2013. Footnotes: (1) Average annual growth rate. (2) Gender Inequality Index (GII). (3) Percentage of population living on less than $2 a day. Executive Summary Preparations for EU accession have dominated the political agenda in Montenegro during the period under review. Recognizing the progress made by the country on seven key priorities identified in its 2010 opinion, the European Commission in October 2011 proposed to start accession negotiations. -
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Public Disclosure Authorized FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA BREAKING WITH THE PAST: THE PATH TO STABILITY AND GROWTH Volume II: Assistance Priorities and Public Disclosure Authorized Sectoral Analyses Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS………………………………………………………...viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………………………….. ix CHAPTER 1. AN OVERVIEW OF THE ECONOMIC RECOVERY AND TRANSITION PROGRAM…………………………………………………………………………………….... 1 A. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………..... 1 B. The Government’s medium-term Challenges…………………………………………..... 3 C. Medium-term External Financing Requirements………………………………….……... 4 D. The 2001 Program………………………………………………………………………... 8 E. Implementing the Program………………………………………………………….…....13 CHAPTER 2. FISCAL POLICY AND MANAGEMENT………………….…………………..15 A. Reducing Quasi Fiscal Deficits and Hidden Risks…………………………………….. ..16 B. Transparency and Accountability of Public Spending………………….………………..27 C. Public Debt Management………………………………………………………………...34 D. Tax Policy and Administration…………………………………………….…………... ..39 CHAPTER 3. TRADE………………………………………...…………………….…………..48 A. Patterns of Trade in Goods and Services ……………………………..………..……… ..48 B. Trade Policies: Reforms to date and plans for the future………………………………...51 C. Capacity to Trade: Institutional and other constraints to implementation…………….....55 D. Market Access: The global, European and regional dimension……………………….. ..57 E. Policy recommendations………………………………………………………………....60 F. Donor Program……………………………………………………………….…………..62 -
Montenegro's Tribal Legacy
WARNING! The views expressed in FMSO publications and reports are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. Montenegro's Tribal Legacy by Major Steven C. Calhoun, US Army Foreign Military Studies Office, Fort Leavenworth, KS. This article appeared in Military Review July-August 2000 The mentality of our people is still very patriarchal. Here the knife, revenge and a tribal (plemenski) system exist as nowhere else.1 The whole country is interconnected and almost everyone knows everyone else. Montenegro is nothing but a large family—all of this augurs nothing good. —Mihajlo Dedejic2 When the military receives an order to deploy into a particular area, planners focus on the terrain so the military can use the ground to its advantage. Montenegro provides an abundance of terrain to study, and it is apparent from the rugged karst topography how this tiny republic received its moniker—the Black Mountain. The territory of Montenegro borders Croatia, Bosnia- Herzegovina, Serbia and Albania and is about the size of Connecticut. Together with the much larger republic of Serbia, Montenegro makes up the current Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY). But the jagged terrain of Montenegro is only part of the military equation. Montenegro has a complex, multilayered society in which tribe and clan can still influence attitudes and loyalties. Misunderstanding tribal dynamics can lead a mission to failure. Russian misunderstanding of tribal and clan influence led to unsuccessful interventions in Afghanistan and Chechnya.3 In Afghanistan, the rural population's tribal organization facilitated their initial resistance to the Soviets. -
Reference List
HEMI ECO Belgrade 11030 Development & Production center Blagoja Parovića str. 4 Phone 00381 11 3555724 Fax 00381 11 3555724 Mobile 00381 63 318125 00381 62 355511 www.hemieco.co.rs _______________________________________________________________________________________ REFERENCE LIST LIST OF SIGNIFICANT OBJECTS WHO HAS UNDERGONE REPAIRS – HYDRO INSULATION – RESTORATION – RECONSTRUCTION CONSOLIDATION – CONSERVATION USING MESNS AND TECHNOLOGY HEMI ECO CHURCHES • MONASTERIES • MEMORIALS Aleksandar Nevski Church - Belgrade · Holy Assumption of our Lord Church - Boleč, Belgrade · Gračanica Monastery - Gračanica, Priština · Sisojevac Monastery - Sisevac, Ćuprija · Visoki Dečani Monastery - Peć · Pavlovac Monastery - Kosmaj · St. Petka’s Monastery - Izvor · Hilandar Monastery - Mount Athos, Greece · Ostrog Monastery, cell Piperska - Bjelopavlići, Danilovgrad · Duga Monastery - Bioča · St. Marco’s Church - Belgrade · St. Nicholas’ Church - Žlijebi · Church of the Holy Trinity - Gornji Milanovac · St. Archangel’s Church - Klinci, Luštica · Velike Gospojine Church - Savine · Church of St. Basil of Ostrog - Kumbor · St. Nicholas’ Church - Lučići · Church of the Holy Trinity - Kuti · St. John’s Church - Kameno · St. George’s Church - Marovići, Luštica · Church of St. Basil of Ostrog - Svrčuge · St. Ilija’s Church - Lastva · St. George’s Church - Mirač · St. Toma’s Church - Trebjesin · St. Šćepan’s Church - Kameno · St. Nicholas’ Church - Luštica · Captain Miša’s Mansion - Belgrade · St. George’s Church - Lazarevići · Church of Holy Shroud of the Theotokos -
SEA of Montenegro's National Climate Change Strategy
The European Union’s IPA Programme for Montenegro SEA of Montenegro’s National Climate Change Strategy (NCCS) EuropeAid/127054/C/SER/multi SEA Report Prepared by: Juan Palerm, Jiří Dusík, Ivana Šarić, Gordan Golja and Marko Slokar Ref. Contract N° 2014/354504 Final Report 14 September, 2015 Development of the Strategic Environment Assessment (SEA) for the Project Title: National Climate Change Strategy by 2030 (EuropeAid/127054/C/SER/multi) Financing: IPA Reference No: (EuropeAid/127054/C/SER/multi) Starting Date: February 2015 End Date (Duration): June 2015 Contract Number: 2014/354504 Contracting Authority: Delegation of the European Union to Montenegro Task Manager: Mr. Sladjan MASLAĆ, Task Manager Address: Vuka Karadžića 12, 81000 Podgorica Phone: + 382 (0) 20 444 600 Fax: + 382 (0) 20 444 666 E-mail: [email protected] Beneficiary: Ministry of Sustainable Development and Tourism [MSDT] Head of PSC: Ivana VOJINOVIC Address: IV Proleterske brigade 19, 81000 Podgorica Phone: + 382 (0) 20 446 208 Fax: + 382 (0) 20 446 215 E-mail: [email protected] Contractor: Particip GmbH Address: Merzhauser Str. 183, D - 79100 Freiburg, Germany Phone: +49 761 79074 0 Fax: +49 761 79074 90 Project Director: Martin GAYER E-mail address: [email protected] Date of report: 27/03/2015 Revision NA Author of the report: Juan PALERM .............................................. Controlled by: Martin GAYER .............................................. Approved: Mr. Siniša STANKOVIĆ [Head PSC] .............................................. Approved: Mr. Slađan MASLAĆ [Task Manager of EUD] .............................................. Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this Report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the EU Delegation or any other organisation mentioned in the report. -
Cßr£ S1ÍU2Y M Life ;-I;
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Bilkent University Institutional Repository p fr-; C ß R £ S1ÍU2Y lifem ; - i ; : : ... _ ...._ _ .... • Ûfc 1î A mm V . W-. V W - W - W__ - W . • i.r- / ■ m . m . ,l.m . İr'4 k W « - Xi û V T k € t> \5 0 Q I3 f? 3 -;-rv, 'CC/f • ww--wW- ; -w W “V YUGOSLAVIA: A CASE STUDY IN CONFLICT AND DISINTEGRATION A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE INSTITUTE OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES BILKENT UNIVERSITY MEVLUT KATIK i ' In Partial Fulfillment iff the Requirement for the Degree of Master of Arts February 1994 /at jf-'t. "•* 13 <5 ' K İ8 133(, £>02216$ Approved by the Institute of Economics and Socjal Sciences I certify that I have read this thesis and in my opinion it is fully adequate,in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in International Relations. Prof.Dr.Ali Karaosmanoglu I certify that I have read this thesis and in my opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in International Relations. A j ua. Asst.Prof. Dr. Nur Bilge Criss I certify that I have read this thesis and in my opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts in International Relations. Asst.Prof.Dr.Ali Fuat Borovali ÖZET Eski Yugoslavya buğun uluslararasi politikanin odak noktalarindan biri haline gelmiştir. -
Type: Charming Village Culture Historic Monuments Scenic Drive
Type: Charming Village Culture Historic Monuments Scenic Drive See the best parts of Montenegro on this mini tour! We take you to visit three places with a great history - three places with a soul. This is tour where you will learn about the old customs in Montenegro, and also those who maintain till today. See the incredible landscapes and old buildings that will not leave you indifferent. Type: Charming Village, Culture, Historic Monuments, Scenic Drive Length: 6 Hours Walking: Medium Mobility: No wheelchairs Guide: Licensed Guide Language: English, Italian, French, German, Russian (other languages upon request) Every Montenegrin will say: "Who didn't saw Cetinje, haven't been in Montenegro!" So don't miss to visit the most significant city in the history and culture of Montenegro and it's numerous monuments: The Cetinje monastery, from which Montenegrin bishops ruled through the centuries; Palace of King Nikola, Montenegrin king who together with his daughters made connection with 4 European courts; Vladin Dom, art museum with huge collection of art paintings and historical symbols, numerous embassies and museums... After meeting your guide at the pier, you walk to your awaiting vehicle which will take you to Njegusi, a quiet mountain village. Njegusi Njegusi is a village located on the slopes of mount Lovcen. This village is best known as birthplace of Montenegro's royal dynasty of Petrovic, which ruled Montenegro from 1696 to 1918. Njegusi is a birthplace of famous Montenegrin bishop and writer – Petar II Petrovic Njegos. The village is also significant for its well- preserved traditional folk architecture. Cheese and smoked ham (prosciutto) from Njegusi are made solely in area around Njegusi, are genuine contributions to Montenegrin cuisine. -
DAFTAR PUSTAKA Buku Baylis, John, Et Al. the Globalization of World Politics: an Introduction to International Relations. Oxford
DAFTAR PUSTAKA Buku Baylis, John, et al. The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations. Oxford. Oxford University Press. 2008. Bremer, Ian. The J Curve (Soft Cover) Strategi untuk Memahami Mengapa Bangsa- Bangsa Berjaya dan Jatuh. Jakarta. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. 2013. C, C, Rodee. Pengantar Ilmu Politik. Jakarta. Rajawali. 2002. Coplin, D, William. Pengantar Politik Internasional: Suatu Telaah Teoritis. Bandung. CV. Sinar Baru. 1992. Djaja, Wahjudi. Sejarah Eropa : Dari Eropa Kuno Hingga Eropa Modern. Yogyakarta. Penerbit Ombak. 2012. Endaswara, Suwardi. Metode, Teori, Teknik Penelitian Kebudayaan. Yogyakarta. Pustaka Widyatama. 2006. Holsti, K.J. Politik International: Suatu Kerangka Analisis. Bandung. Bina Cipta. 1992. Jackson, Robert dan Sorensen, Gorge. Pengantar Studi Hubungan Internasional. Yogyakarta. Pustaka Pelajar. 2005. Keohane, O, Robert. International Institutions and State Power (Essay in International Relations Theory). London. Westvie Press. 1989. Maso’ed, Mochtar. Ilmu Hubungan Internasional: Disiplin dan Metodologi. Jakarta. LP3ES. 1990. Moleong, Lexy J. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung. Remaja Rosdakarya. 2007. Murdiyatmoko, Janu. Sosiologi : Memahami dan Mengkaji Masyarakat. Bandung. Grafindo Media Pratama. 2007. Rudy, T, May. Study Strategis Dalam Transformasi Sistem Internasional Pasca Perang Dingin. Bandung : Refika Aditama. 2002. Russet, Bruce dan Starr, Harvey. World Politics: The Menu for Choice. 2nd ed. New York. W.H.Freeman and Co. 1988. Sugiyono. Cara Mudah Menyusun : Skripsi, Tesis dan Disertasi. Bandung. Alfabeta. 2014. 134 135 Sugiyono. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung. Alfabeta. 2009. Perwita, Anak Agung Banyu dan Yani, Yanyan M. Pengantar Ilmu Hubungan Internasional. Bandung. Rosda Karya. 2006. Jurnal Commission, European. EU Enlargement Strategy. Strategy Paper. Brussels, Belgium. 2015. Commission, European. How the European Union works. -
The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume IV - C
Cambridge University Press 0521414113 - The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume IV - c. 1024-c. 1198 Edited by David Luscombe and Jonathan Riley-Smith Index More information INDEX Aachen, 77, 396, 401, 402, 404, 405 Abul-Barakat al-Jarjara, 695, 700 Aaron, bishop of Cologne, 280 Acerra, counts of, 473 ‘Abbadids, kingdom of Seville, 157 Acre ‘Abbas ibn Tamim, 718 11th century, 702, 704, 705 ‘Abbasids 12th century Baghdad, 675, 685, 686, 687, 689, 702 1104 Latin conquest, 647 break-up of empire, 678, 680 1191 siege, 522, 663 and Byzantium, 696 and Ayyubids, 749 caliphate, before First Crusade, 1 fall to crusaders, 708 dynasty, 675, 677 fall to Saladin, 662, 663 response to Fatimid empire, 685–9 Fatimids, 728 abbeys, see monasteries and kingdom of Jerusalem, 654, 662, 664, abbots, 13, 530 667, 668, 669 ‘Abd Allah al-Ziri, king of Granada, 156, 169–70, Pisans, 664 180, 181, 183 trade, 727 ‘Abd al-Majid, 715 13th century, 749 ‘Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar, 155, 158, 160, 163, 165 Adalasia of Sicily, 648 ‘Abd al-Mu’min, 487 Adalbero, bishop of Wurzburg,¨ 57 ‘Abd al-Rahman (Shanjul), 155, 156 Adalbero of Laon, 146, 151 ‘Abd al-Rahman III, 156, 159 Adalbert, archbishop of Mainz, 70, 71, 384–5, ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Ilyas, 682 388, 400, 413, 414 Abelard of Conversano, 109, 110, 111, 115 Adalbert, bishop of Prague, 277, 279, 284, 288, Aberconwy, 599 312 Aberdeen, 590 Adalbert, bishop of Wolin, 283 Abergavenny, 205 Adalbert, king of Italy, 135 Abernethy agreement, 205 Adalgar, chancellor, 77 Aberteifi, 600 Adam of Bremen, 295 Abingdon, 201, 558 Adam of -
Introduction When the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes – from 1929 Kingdom of Yugoslavia – Was Formed in 1918, One of I
Introduction When the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes – from 1929 Kingdom of Yugoslavia – was formed in 1918, one of its most important tasks was to forge a common collective identity. Intellectual elites in the young state with great optimism agreed that education would play a crucial role in this process. It should come as no surprise, then, that a relatively rich tradition of scholarly research into the representation of collective identities in Yugoslav education has originated, precisely to account for the failure of the Yugoslav project in the long term. Recently, a growing body of scholarly research has established textbooks as one of the more rewarding sources for studying collective identity in education, focusing on ‘what knowledge is included and rejected in ... textbooks, and how the transmission of this selected knowledge often attempts to shape a particular form of national memory, national identity and national consciousness’.1 For the Yugoslav case this emerging research field so far has primarily examined textbooks which were used in the period directly preceding, during and following the disintegration of Yugoslavia.2 However, as the present article hopes to illustrate, textbook analysis can also provide the historian with interesting new elements for the study of collective identities in Yugoslavia’s more distant past. With its focus on national identity in Serbian, Croatian and Slovenian textbooks before the First World War, and later also in interwar Yugoslavia, the work of Charles Jelavich still occupies a somewhat -
Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES GVT/COM/III(2019)003 Comments of the Government of Montenegro on the Third Opinion of the Advisory Committee on the implementation of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities by Montenegro received on 31 July 2019 GVT/COM/III(2019)003 MONTENEGRO Address: Bul. Svetog PetraCetinjskog 130 Ministry of 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro Human and tel: +382 20 234 193 Minority Rights fax: +382 20 234 198 www.minmanj.gov.me COMMENTS ON THE THIRD OPINION OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES July 2019 1 | P a g e GVT/COM/III(2019)003 The Ministry of Human and Minority Rights, as the coordinating institution for drafting the Third Report regarding the Implementation of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, welcomes the opinion delivered by the Advisory Committee and looks forward to the constructive spirit of cooperation we have had over the past period, in particular in the eve of preparation of the Third Opinion regarding the implementation of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. Montenegro recognises the work of the Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities as well as of the Committee of Experts of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, since the recommendations of this body are certainly one of the mechanisms for improving the situation in this area on the field. Respect for and improvement of the human rights area, especially of the rights of minorities, is a continuous process for us, to which we will be devoted also in the future and we look forward to the continuation of constructive dialogue and remain open for cooperation with the Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities and other bodies of the Council of Europe.