DOCSLIB.ORG

Human Rights in Montenegro

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Human Rights in Montenegro MONTENEGRO Program: Monitoring of Human Rights in Montenegro Human Rights in Montenegro - 2010 Podgorica, February 2011 Monitoring programme and human rights protection programme implemented by YIHR MNE with the assistance and cooperation of Civil rights defenders Youth Initiative for Human Rights, Montenegro February 2011 Publisher Boris Raonić Authors Boris Raonić Milan Radović Edina Hasanaga Čobaj Marija Vujović Dejan Minić Denis Zvrko Proofreading Jelena Vukoslavović Ristović Translation Jelena Vukoslavović Ristović Design Nikola Milenković Print AP print, Podgorica 400 copies CONTENT I Previous information ...........................................................................................5 II Legislation and institutional framework of protection in human rights area .......7 III Facing past ......................................................................................................15 IV Torture ............................................................................................................21 V Politically motivated violence ............................................................................41 VI Free legal aid ...................................................................................................49 VII Freedom of expression ....................................................................................55 VIII Religious freedom .........................................................................................65 IX Discrimination ................................................................................................69 X Minority rights .................................................................................................81 XI Status of displaced persons .............................................................................85 XII Economic and social rights .............................................................................89 XIII Reports on the state of human rights ............................................................97 XIV Conclusions and recommendations ..............................................................99 3 I Previous information Youth Initiative for Human Rights conducts monitoring of respect of human rights in Montenegro for the fifth year in a row and informs public about results through annual and quarterly reports. This report comprises areas which we identified through our work as the most concerning ones: freedom of expression, facing past, politically motivated violence, religious freedom, torture, discrimination, status of HIV positive persons, minority rights, status of displaced persons, and economic and social rights. YIHR team, composed of six members, worked on the research and development of the report, and was fully supported by Civil Rights Defenders (former Swedish Helsinki Committee), YIHR offices in the region, NGO “Monte Vita”, Center for Democratic Transition (CDT), and UNHCR. YIHR used techniques of researching on the terrain, press clipping, analysis, interviews, and SOS line. Information in the report were collected until December 31, 2010. Political situation in 2010 marked fulfilling of commitments, and further progressing towards Euro-Atlantic integrations. At the beginning of 2010, answers on 673 additional questions required by European Commission were sent. Montenegro sent two contingents of soldiers for peacekeeping mission in Afghanistan. Local INFORMATION I PREVIOUS elections took place on May 23, 2010 in 14 municipalities. Parliamentary preparation and debate on harmonization on electoral legislation has not been finished yet, and the compromise on the model of representation of minorities has not been achieved yet while the deadline has been delayed for the fifth time. On September 6, 2010, the Government of Montenegro submitted to European Commission Factographic report, on all implemented activities since submitting additional answers to the EU questionnaire until September. European Commission adopted and expressed on November 9, 2010 positive opinion on candidacy of Montenegro. Montenegro has to fulfill following commitments in a view of starting up accessing negotiations: harmonization of electoral legislation with the Constitution, strengthening administration and depoliticization of administration and judiciary, establishing the rule of law, fight against corruption and organized crime, and it is also important to provide freedom of media and implementation of policy for prohibition of discrimination, and resolving the status of refugees. On December 17, 2010, Montenegro became the candidate for membership in the EU but with no date for the beginning of negotiations, because it previously has to fulfill seven conditions of European Commission. At the end of the year, Milo Đukanovic, Prime Minister, resigned and the new Government has been established, led by Igor Lukšić. 5 According to the Report of Court for Human Rights in Strasbourg, during 2010, overall number of applications from Montenegro, allocated to judicial formation was 305. It had been considered 47 applications, but 45 were rejected because they were inapplicable, while two were adopted when verdicts against Montenegro had been rendered. I PREVIOUS INFORMATION I PREVIOUS 6 II Legislation and institutional framework in human rights area Legislation – Parliament of Montenegro adopted Law on prohibition of discrimination, on July 27, 2010. Thus, Montenegro is the last country in the region which adopted this law. Although the adoption of Law on prohibition of discrimination is encouraging, the law has not become applicable during 2010, because all objections that arrived from civil sector and other participants were not adopted on public debate. Proposal of YIHR for adopting this law jointly with the set of laws on human rights, which are in preparation, was not adopted as well, and that is related to Law on free legal aid and Law on Protector of human rights and freedoms. According to Law on prohibition of discrimination, Ombudsman shall be responsible for the oversight of implementation of this law, however, according to the current Law, Ombudsman does not have these competences. Ministry for human and minority rights worked on the bill of Law on protector of human rights and freedoms. Some MPs at the Parliament of Montenegro warned that the that the budget of Ombudsman’s Office, planned for 2011, was insufficient for implementation of new competences. Ministry for human and minority rights finished the work on development of bill of Law on Protector of human rights and freedoms and the Government confirmed the Draft of the Law at the assembly, which took place on June 23, 2010. This bill of Law proposed decisions on establishing national mechanisms for prevention of torture and protection from all forms of discrimination in the institution of Protector. However, the Parliament of Montenegro did not adopt the Law in 2010, and the decision making on the Law was delayed for the session at spring. For that reason, Law on prohibition of discrimination shall not be applicable yet. Public debate took place in July 2010, and YIHR submitted objections on proposal of law to all MP clubs, in order to initiate changes of the law before being adopted. YIHR considers that, according to the new law, Ombudsman should have following competences: to act in cases when discrimination occurs in private sector; to process cases of violation of human rights before judicial bodies, by submitting criminal charges; to act after anonymous complaints; to legally define coordination with NGOs and media; to submit reports to the Parliament two times a year. Some MPs in the Parliament of Montenegro warned that the budget of Ombudsman’s Office, planned for 2011, is not enough for implementation of new competences. Ministry for human and minority rights finished the work on drafting the proposal of Law on Protector of human rights and freedoms, and the Government in human rights area of protection II Legislation and institutional framework confirmed proposal of the Law at the Assembly, which took place on June 23, 2010. Parliamentary Board for human rights and freedoms, institution of Ombudsman and Ministry for human and minority rights, in joint work on improvement of the text of 7 bill of law at several assemblies of the Board developed better text than the one which was proposed, adopting one amendment of MPs from both opposition and authority, which contained our previously mentioned suggestions. The Board emphasized that the aim was to develop the best possible text of the Law. However, at the fifth assembly of the Parliament of Montenegro where, after the debate, should have been voted on law that finally achieved the level of quality due to adopted amendments, it had not been voted. Opposition MPs told YIHR researcher that these amendments were occasion to the President of the Parliament not to allow decision making on this law, therefore Law on Protector of human and minority rights was not adopted at the Assembly in 2010. Return of the Law to proposers, on new development after being voted by majority, President of the Parliament explained by large number of amendments. Opposition MPs accused the President of the Parliament saying he had returned the Law because amendments of his party were not adopted, prescribing five years experience instead of ten years, as the condition for election of Deputy Ombudsman, while Faculty of social science was not the condition but the faculty on any other area. Opposition MPs connected
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Montenegro Investment Climate Statement
    MONTENEGRO INVESTMENT CLIMATE STATEMENT 2015 U.S. Department of State 2015 Investment Climate Statement | June 2015 Table of Contents Executive Summary 1. Openness To, and Restrictions Upon, Foreign Investment 1.1. Attitude Toward FDI 1.2. Other Investment Policy Reviews 1.3. Laws/Regulations of FDI 1.4. Industrial Strategy 1.5. Limits on Foreign Control 1.6. Privatization Program 1.7. Screening of FDI 1.8. Competition Law 1.9. Investment Trends 1.9.1. Tables 1 and if applicable, Table 1B 2. Conversion and Transfer Policies 2.1. Foreign Exchange 2.1.1. Remittance Policies 3. Expropriation and Compensation 4. Dispute Settlement 4.1. Legal System, Specialized Courts, Judicial Independence, Judgments of Foreign Courts 4.2. Bankruptcy 4.3. Investment Disputes 4.4. International Arbitration 4.4.1. ICSID Convention and New York Convention 4.5. Duration of Dispute Resolution 5. Performance Requirements and Investment Incentives 5.1. WTO/TRIMS 5.2. Investment Incentives 5.2.1. Research and Development 5.3. Performance Requirements 5.4. Data Storage 6. Right to Private Ownership and Establishment 1 U.S. Department of State 2015 Investment Climate Statement | June 2015 7. Protection of Property Rights 7.1. Real Property 7.2. Intellectual Property Rights 8. Transparency of the Regulatory System 9. Efficient Capital Markets and Portfolio Investment 9.1. Money and Banking System, Hostile Takeovers 10. Competition from State-Owned Enterprises 10.1. OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of SOEs 10.2. Sovereign Wealth Funds 11. Corporate Social Responsibility 11.1. OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises 12. Political Violence 13. Corruption 13.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Montenegro Old and New: History, Politics, Culture, and the People
    60 ZuZana Poláčková; Pieter van Duin Montenegro Old and New: History, Politics, Culture, and the People The authors are focusing on how Montenegro today is coming to terms with the task of becoming a modern European nation, which implies recognition not only of democracy, the rule of law, and so forth, but also of a degree of ‘multiculturalism’, that is recognition of the existence of cultural, ethnic, linguistic and religious minorities in a society that is dominated by a Slavic Orthodox majority. In his context they are analyzing the history of the struggle of the Montenegrin people against a host of foreign invaders – after they had ceased to be invaders themselves – and especially their apparently consistent refusal to accept Ottoman sovereignty over their homeland seemed to make them the most remarkable freedom fighters imaginable and led to the creation of a special Montenegrin image in Europe. This im- age of heroic stubbornness and unique martial bravery was even consciously cultivated in Western and Central Europe from the early nineteenth century onwards, as the Greeks, the Serbs, the Montenegrins and other Balkan peoples began to resist the Ottoman Empire in a more effective way and the force of Romantic nationalism began to influence the whole of Europe, from German historians to British politi- cians, and also including Montenegrin and Serbian poets themselves. And what about the present situa- tion? The authors of this essay carried out an improvised piece of investigation into current conditions, attitudes, and feelings on both the Albanian and the Slavic-Montenegrin side (in September 2012). key words: Montenegro; history; multiculturalism; identity; nationalism; Muslim; Orthodox Montenegro (Crna Gora, Tsrna Gora, Tsernagora) is a small country in the Western Balkans region with some 625,000 inhabitants,1 which became an independent nation in 2006 and a can- didate-member of the EU in 2010.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of the National Integrity System of Montenegro
    ASSESSMENT OF THE NATIONAL INTEGRITY SYSTEM OF MONTENEGRO This project is supported by the European Union. The content of this does not reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Responsibility for the information and views expressed in the report lies entirely with the author ASSESSMENT OF THE NATIONAL INTEGRITY SYSTEM OF MONTENEGRO Title: ASSESSMENT OF THE NATIONAL INTEGRITY SYSTEM OF MONTENEGRO Publisher: Network for affirmation of NGO sector - MANS Monitoring and Analytic Programme Authors: Vanja Ćalović, Executive Director Vuk Maraš, Monitoring and Analytic Programme Director Aleksandar Maškovic, Analytic Programme Coordinator Veselin Radulovic, MANS’ Legal Advisor Print: 3M - Makarije Edition: 30 copies Contact: Dalmatinska 188, Podgorica, Montenegro Phone: +382 20 266 326 Fax: +382 20 266 328 E-mail: [email protected] www.mans.co.me CONTENTS I INTRODUCTORY NOTE ........................................................................................................................... 7 II EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... 11 III ABOUT THE NATIONAL INTEGRITY SYSTEM ASSESMENT .............................................. 21 IV COUNTRY PROFILE OF MONTENEGRO ..................................................................................... 27 V CORRUPTION PROFILE ......................................................................................................................... 31 VI ANTI-CORRUPTION ACTIVITIES .....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
    ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES GVT/COM/III(2019)003 Comments of the Government of Montenegro on the Third Opinion of the Advisory Committee on the implementation of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities by Montenegro received on 31 July 2019 GVT/COM/III(2019)003 MONTENEGRO Address: Bul. Svetog PetraCetinjskog 130 Ministry of 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro Human and tel: +382 20 234 193 Minority Rights fax: +382 20 234 198 www.minmanj.gov.me COMMENTS ON THE THIRD OPINION OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES July 2019 1 | P a g e GVT/COM/III(2019)003 The Ministry of Human and Minority Rights, as the coordinating institution for drafting the Third Report regarding the Implementation of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, welcomes the opinion delivered by the Advisory Committee and looks forward to the constructive spirit of cooperation we have had over the past period, in particular in the eve of preparation of the Third Opinion regarding the implementation of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. Montenegro recognises the work of the Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities as well as of the Committee of Experts of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, since the recommendations of this body are certainly one of the mechanisms for improving the situation in this area on the field. Respect for and improvement of the human rights area, especially of the rights of minorities, is a continuous process for us, to which we will be devoted also in the future and we look forward to the continuation of constructive dialogue and remain open for cooperation with the Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities and other bodies of the Council of Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Montenegro: IREX Media Sustainability Index 2017
    Journalism remains a battleground, with deep divisions rooted in commercial and political problems. Few of Montenegro’s 73 media outlets distance themselves from political polarization. MONTENEGRO ii MEDIA SUSTAINABILITY INDEX 2017 introduction OVERALL SCORE: 2.04 MONTENEGRO In 2016, Montenegro was marked by political instability, a government crisis, and a parliamentary election. Economic growth at 3 percent was promising but high public debt and 19 percent unemployment still dog the country’s recovery. The European Union (EU) and NATO accession process continue to unfold: Montenegro has opened 24 out of the 35 Accession INegotiation Chapters required for admission to the EU and it is quite realistic to expect that next year Montenegro will be the 29th NATO member-state. While two-thirds of citizens support accession to the EU and a narrow majority also in favor of joining NATO, Serbian nationalists, bolstered by strong Russian support, oppose the process along with the influential Serbian Orthodox Church. Conflict within the ruling coalition, between the dominant political party (the Democratic Party of Socialists, or DPS) and its long-standing ally (the Socialist Democratic Party) resulted in an election on October 16. The DPS won again and, with allies from minority parties, the ruling bloc won 42 seats, while the opposition got 39. The election boasted a 73-percent voter turnout but also saw the arrest of 20 Serbian nationals. They were suspected of preparing a post-election terrorist attack in Montenegrin capital of Podgorica, abetted by two Russian nationals. Subsequently, the opposition still has not conceded the election, although a majority of local electoral observers and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe said that the election was fair, democratic, and free.
    [Show full text]
  • Podgorica in Your Pocket
    Hotels Restaurants Cafés Nightlife Sightseeing Events Maps “In Your Pocket: A cheeky, well- PODGORICA written series of guidebooks.” The New York Times November 2010 - April 2011 Monument madness Tour Podgorica’s top statues Daytrip to Budva Montenegro’s prime coastal resort N°2 - €2 www.inyourpocket.com CONTENTS 3 ESSENTIAL CITY GUIDES Contents Arriving in Podgorica 5 Happy landings Basics 6 Electricity, Driving, Money etc. History 9 From Slavic immigration to independence Language 10 Getting to grips with the lingo Culture & Events 11 Just the ticket Where to stay 12 Presidential suites to bunk beds Statue at the Modern Art Gallery Sco Dining & Nightlife Where to eat 16 Sightseeing 26 Traditional food and all the rest Essential things to see and do Cafés 22 Kotor 29 Where to find the best espresso Montenegro’s magnificent fortified town Nightlife 23 Budva 32 The best bars and clubs Capital of the coast Getting around 36 When legs just aren’t enough Mail & Phones 40 Keeping in touch Shopping 41 The best bargains Directory 44 All the other things you need to know Maps & Index Country map 46 City map 47 City centre map 48 Index 50 Street register 50 Dazzling ceiling frescoes in the new Cathedral JvM www.podgorica.inyourpocket.com November 2010 - April 2011 4 FOREWORD ARRIVING IN PODGORICA 5 When we launched Podgorica In Your Pocket last spring, Podgorica and Montenegro in general remain expensive little did we know how enthusiastically people would react Europe In Your Pocket destinations to fly to. If you’re counting pennies, do what Street smarts to the Montenegrin capital’s first English language city smart people do and fly into Dubrovnik just over the guide.
    [Show full text]
  • Vulnerabilities to Russian Influence in Montenegro
    KREMLIN WATCH REPORT VULNERABILITIES TO RUSSIAN INFLUENCE IN MONTENEGRO Kremlin Watch Program 2019 EUROPEAN VALUES CENTER FOR SECURITY POLICY European Values Center for Security Policy is a non-governmental, non-partisan institute defending freedom and sovereignty. We protect liberal democracy, the rule of law, and the transatlantic alliance of the Czech Republic. We help defend Europe especially from the malign influences of Russia, China, and Islamic extrem- ists. We envision a free, safe, and prosperous Czechia within a vibrant Central Europe that is an integral part of the transatlantic community and is based on a firm alliance with the USA. Our work is based on individual donors. Use the form at: http://www.europeanvalues.net/o-nas/support- us/, or send your donation directly to our transparent account: CZ69 2010 0000 0022 0125 8162. www.europeanvalues.net [email protected] www.facebook.com/Evropskehodnoty KREMLIN WATCH PROGRAM Kremlin Watch is a strategic program of the European Values Center for Security Policy which aims to ex- pose and confront instruments of Russian influence and disinformation operations focused against West- ern democracies. Author Mgr. Liz Anderson, student of Security and Strategic Studies at Masaryk University and Kremlin Watch Intern Editor Veronika Víchová, Head of Kremlin Watch Program, European Values Center for Security Policy Image Copyright: Page 1, 4, 12: NATO 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY With a population of a little more than 650,000 citizens, levels of Montenegrin society, but most prominently in Montenegro is NATO’s newest and smallest member. It the economic, political, civil society, media, and religious joined the Alliance controversially and without a realms.
    [Show full text]
  • R Isk B U Lletin
    ISSUE 1 | SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 2020 THE CIVIL SOCIETY OBSERVATORY TO COUNTER ORGANIZED CRIME IN SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE SUMMARY HIGHLIGHTS 1. No lockdown for the Kotor gangs 4. The Balkan Route and COVID-19: For more than five years, there has been a gang war More restrictions, more misery between two criminal groups from Kotor, on the During 2015, tens of thousands of refugees and coast of Montenegro. While most of Montenegro migrants moved through South Eastern Europe on was in lockdown during the COVID-19 crisis, the their journeys to the West of the continent. Today, killings continued. Despite the ongoing violence, the so-called Balkan Route is largely closed: borders the two leaders of the feuding Kavač and Škaljari have been securitized, and desperate migrants and clans, who were arrested with much ado in 2018, asylum-seekers are being pushed back. Some of are now both out on bail. The new government in the few winners in this crisis are migrant smugglers. Montenegro has pledged to fight against organized We examine how a growing number of migrants crime and corruption. Will it be able to stop the are entering the Western Balkans from Greece via cocaine war? Albania, and the methods that are used to smuggle them. This story also highlights the impact that this 2. Albanian cannabis moves indoors is having in Bosnia and Herzegovina, where, because Albania has gained the dubious reputation of being of tight border controls with Croatia and fears of ranked as Europe’s top cannabis producer. Some COVID-19, there is a growing humanitarian crisis.
    [Show full text]
  • Role of Religion in the Western Balkansâ•Ž Societies
    Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe Volume 39 Issue 5 Article 2 8-2019 Role of Religion in the Western Balkans’ Societies - Full Text Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree Part of the Eastern European Studies Commons, and the Religion Commons Recommended Citation (2019) "Role of Religion in the Western Balkans’ Societies - Full Text," Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe: Vol. 39 : Iss. 5 , Article 2. Available at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree/vol39/iss5/2 This Article, Exploration, or Report is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Role of Religion in the Western Balkans’ Societies Conference Volume Country snapshots, elite survey reports and papers delivered to the conference Tirana, June 2019 Disclaimer: This study was conducted in the framework of the Project “Exploring the role of Religion in the Western Balkan societies” with the support of a grant of the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs awarded in the framework of the Human Rights Fund. The objectives, proper implementation and results of this project constitute responsibility for the implementing organization – Institute for Democracy and Mediation. Any views or opinions presented in this project are solely those of the implementing organisation and do not necessarily represent those of the Dutch Government. Implementing partners: Editing Board Leonie Rakaj – Vrugtman Aleksandar Takovski Tarik Jusić Nenad Zekavica Viktorija Borovska ISBN 978-9928-4385-3-9 Copyright ©IDM 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • Routes4u Project Feasibility Study on the Roman Heritage Route in the Adriatic and Ionian Region
    Routes4U Project Feasibility Study on the Roman Heritage Route in the Adriatic and Ionian Region Routes4U Feasibility Study on an Iron Age cultural route in the Danube Region Routes4U Project Routes4U Feasibility study on an Iron Age cultural route in the Danube Region ROUTES4U FEASIBILITY STUDY ON AN IRON AGE CULTURAL ROUTE IN THE DANUBE REGION August 2019 The present study has been developed in the framework of Routes4U, the Joint Programme between the Council of Europe and the European Commission (DG REGIO). Routes4U aims to foster regional development through the Cultural Routes of the Council of Europe programme in the four EU macro-regions: the Adriatic and Ionian, Alpine, Baltic Sea and Danube Regions. A special thank you goes to the author Martin Fera, and to the numerous partners and stakeholders who supported the study. The opinions expressed in this work are the responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the Council of Europe. www.coe.int/routes4u 2 / 57 Routes4U Feasibility study on an Iron Age cultural route in the Danube Region CONTENTS Contents ................................................................................................................................................................... 3 I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... 5 II. ANALYSIS OF THE “STATE OF THE ART” OF IRON AGE HERITAGE IN THE DANUBE REGION...............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Cult of the Eagle Metamorphosed- a Semiotic Approach
    I N T E R N A T I O NA L CO N F E R E N C E RCIC’19 Redefining Community in Intercultural Context Vlora, 2-4 May 2019 THE CULT OF THE EAGLE METAMORPHOSED- A SEMIOTIC APPROACH Eleonora HODAJ Department of Foreign Languages, University "Ismail Qemali", Vlora, Albania Abstract: Although the symbols of a country do not necessarily have a vital importance for the welfare of its existence and its priorities do not side with symbolism, it is hard not to consider them as a study element as long as they constitute the DNA of the culture, heritage and history of a certain civilization. A special history is the century- long journey of the symbol of the eagle, mostly due to a deep relationship of various peoples with its cult as a mythical bird. As the numerous archaeological records show, the symbol of the eagle, often referred to as the backbone of the personality of the peoples, has been part of the earliest world cultures. Not in vain, do we encounter it either single or double-headed in Sumerians, Hittites, Persians, Arabs, Romans, Byzantines and Seljuks without forgetting Pelasgians appearing with such representative symbols of the eagle cult. In this long journey of its, the symbol of the eagle has frequently been metamorphosed by converting from one configuration into another. But as a symbol whose natural environment is the flag, what does it represent in the mythology of the respective peoples? Why was it considered a holy bird? Can it be considered as a converging element within the context of cultural structuralism, since its myth or symbol is present everywhere? Through the language of symbols, this paper aims at giving a semiotic insight of the underlying significance that the many metamorphosed versions of this cult acquire on the basis of difference within the cultural context.
    [Show full text]
  • Download This Publication
    CMIREPORT Corruption in Montenegro 2007: Overview over Main Problems and Status of Reforms Marijana Trivunovic Vera Devine Harald Mathisen R 2007: 9 Corruption in Montenegro 2007: Overview over Main Problems and Status of Reforms Marijana Trivunovic Vera Devine Harald Mathisen R 2007: 9 CMI Reports This series can be ordered from: Chr. Michelsen Institute P.O. Box 6033 Postterminalen, N-5892 Bergen, Norway Tel: + 47 55 57 40 00 Fax: + 47 55 57 41 66 E-mail: [email protected] www.cmi.no Price: NOK 90 ISSN 0805-505X ISBN 978-82-8062-208-2 This report is also available at: www.cmi.no/publications Indexing terms Corruption Montenegro Project number 27072 Project title Sida: Study of Corruption in Montenegro Contents 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... 5 2. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 10 3. OVERVIEW AND CONTEXT ................................................................................................................. 13 3. 1 DATA, PERCEPTIONS, AND EXPERIENCE OF CORRUPTION....................................................................... 13 3.2 HISTORIC AND STRUCTURAL FACTORS.................................................................................................... 14 4. POLITICAL CORRUPTION...................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]