DOCSLIB.ORG

Container Production and Post-Harvest Handling of Lotus

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Container Production and Post-Harvest Handling of Lotus CONTAINER PRODUCTION AND POST-HARVEST HANDLING OF LOTUS (NELUMBO) AND MICROPROPAGATION OF HERBACEOUS PEONY (PAEONIA) Except where reference is made to the work of others, the work described in this dissertation is my own or was done in collaboration with my advisory committee. This dissertation does not include proprietary or classified information. Daike Tian Certificate of Approval: Fenny Dane Ken M. Tilt, Chair Professor Professor Horticulture Horticulture Jeff L. Sibley Floyd M. Woods Alumni Professor Associate Professor Horticulture Horticulture George T. Flowers Interim Dean Graduate School CONTAINER PRODUCTION AND POST-HARVEST HANDLING OF LOTUS (NELUMBO) AND MICROPROPAGATION OF HERBACEOUS PEONY (PAEONIA) Daike Tian A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Auburn, Alabama August 9, 2008 CONTAINER PRODUCTION AND POST-HARVEST HANDLING OF LOTUS (NELUMBO) AND MICROPROPAGATION OF HERBACEOUS PEONY (PAEONIA) Daike Tian Permission is granted to Auburn University to make copies of this dissertation at its discretion, upon request of individuals of institutions and at their expense. The author reserves all publication right. Signature of Author Date of Graduation iii VITA Daike Tian, son of Bangzhi Xian and Renwang Tian, was born on March 3, 1968, in Longshan, Hunan, People’s Republic of China. He married Yuying Sang in 2000 and has a daughter Olivia I. Tian. He graduated from Longshan First High School, Hunan in 1989. He immediately entered Hunan Normal University (HNU) in the same year and graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in biology in June 1993. After graduation, he worked for three years as a Teaching Assistant in the Department of Biology of HNU. In August 1996, he entered the Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in Beijing and graduated with a Master of Science in botany from Kunming Institute of Botany (KIB), CAS, in August 1999. From 1999 to 2000, he worked as a Visiting Scholar in the Botanical Gardens of Toyama in Japan. After returning to China, he worked as Research Assistant at KIB, CAS for one year and then moved to Shanghai and worked in a horticultural company. In August 2004, he entered Auburn University as a Graduate Research Assistant to pursue a Doctor of Science degree in Horticulture. iv CONTAINER PRODUCTION AND POST-HARVEST HANDLING OF LOTUS (NELUMBO) AND MICROPROPAGATION OF HERBACEOUS PEONY (PAEONIA) Daike Tian Doctor of Philosophy, Auburn University, USA, August 9, 2008 (M.S., Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, 1999) (B.S., Hunan Normal University, China, 1993) 306 Typed Pages Directed by Dr. Ken M. Tilt Effects of container soil level, fertilization, planting time and disbudding on lotus (Nelumbo) growth were evaluated in container production. Container soil volume influenced EC, pH, plant growth indexes, and plant nutritional contents. The ¼ and ½ soil levels were more efficient than ¾ soil level for lotus production in containers. Fertilization significantly increased plant growth and also influenced plant nutrient contents. Fresh underground weight, propagule number, expanded internode number, and emerging leaf number of lotus grown in 29 liter containers linearly increased with increased fertilizer rates from 0 to 8 g of Pro•Sol 20-10-20 per pot and then leveled off at 12 g rate. There was no effect on plant height and flower number by fertility treatment. Fertilization also increased N, P and K and decreased Ca content in young leaves. Soluble fertilizers (Pro•Sol 20-10-20, Miracle-Gro 24-8-16 and 15-30-15) were more efficient for v lotus growth than both urea and controlled release fertilizer (Polyon 18-6-12). Miracle-Gro 15- 30-15 (higher P rate) was more beneficial for rhizome or propagule production of lotus. Miracle- Gro 24-8-16 and Pro•Sol 20-10-20 were favorable for flower production. Flowering peak of lotus was influenced by the type or composition of fertilizers. Optimum container fertilization of lotus depends on cultivar, growth stage, fertilizer type and rate, container size, soil amount and water volume. Lotus growth was largely affected by planting time and disbudding. Lotus potted in March and April performed best, while plants planted in February and May performed worst. Flower number was generally not influenced by planting time but flowering peak was different among treatments. Disbudding increased fresh underground weight and propagule number. Positive relationships were observed among emerging leaf number, fresh underground biomass, and propagule number. Propagules could be stored in the cooler (4 ºC, 95% RH) over 45 days. Gum acacia, sphagnum-moss and Terra-Sorb® hydrogel had no effects on moisture and viability of stored lotus propagules. Successful surface sterilization and sanitation were critical. Optimization of tissue culture protocol for commercial production of herbaceous peony was also investigated. Young stem segments were most favorable for callus induction. Adventitious shoots did not develop from callus and were only generated on apical or axillary meristematic regions. Young nodal stems and dormant-released buds were most suitable for shoot induction. TDZ was more effective than BA for shoot induction. Gibberellic acid (GA3) had positive effects on explant growth, shoot induction and stem elongation. Plantlets rooted in IBA-containing medium or in PGR-free medium following a short pretreatment with high-concentration IBA. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my parents, Bangzhi Xiang and Renwan Tian, my sisters, my wife Yuying Sang, my daughter Olivia I. Tian, other family members and friends who offered support throughout the course of my graduate studies and research. I would also like to particularly thank my major advisor, Dr. Ken Tilt, for his great patience and assistance in guiding me through my graduate years, and to thank my other committee members Dr. Fenny Dane, Dr. Jeff L. Sibley, and Dr. Floyd M. Woods. Thanks are due to Mrs. Faye Ireland of Birmingham, Alabama for her contributions to support our peony research. Thanks are also due to Dr. Yanci Xiang from Hunan University of Science and Technology, Dr. Liangsheng Wang from Beijing Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dr. Kwon-Kyoo Kang, a Visiting Professor from South Korea, Dr. Toshinari Godo from the Botanical Gardens of Toyama in Japan for help on literature collection. Others offering help to my program included: Mr. Bill W. Wills in the Soil Testing Laboratory at Auburn University for water and plant nutrient analysis, Mr. Arnold Caylor and Mrs. Derenda Tuggle from the North Alabama Horticulture Research Center of the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Mr. Warner Orozco-Obando, Mr. Wayne Chestnut, Ms. C.J. McGrath, Mrs. Bernice Barnette, Mrs. Bernice Fischman, and other personnel in Department of Horticulture and Library of Auburn University. vii Style manual or journals used: HortScience (Part I: chapter 1 to 5), Journal for Environmental Horticulture (Part I: chapter 6), In Vitro Cell & Developmental Biology (Part II: chapter 1 to 2, Appendix), and Plant Growth Regulation (Part II: chapter 3). Computer software used: Microsoft Word 2003, Microsoft Excel 2003, SAS 9.1 viii TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I CONTAINER PRODUCTION AND POST-HARVEST HANDLING OF LOTUS (NELUMBO).....................................................................................1 Chapter 1 General Introduction and Literature Review.....................................................1 1 General Introduction...................................................................................................1 2 Literature Review.......................................................................................................7 2.1 Basic Biological Research on Nelumbo................................................................7 2.2 Lotus-effect and Bionic.......................................................................................11 2.3 Ecology, Competition and Environmental Impact..............................................12 2.4 Heavy-metal Assimilation and Removal............................................................14 2.5 Propagation ........................................................................................................16 2.6 Cultivation and Production.................................................................................19 2.7 Production of Vegetable Lotus ..........................................................................22 2.8 Production of Ornamental Lotus.........................................................................23 2.9 Planting Techniques............................................................................................24 2.10 Fertilization.......................................................................................................25 2.11 Nutrient Disorders.............................................................................................27 2.12 Weeding ...........................................................................................................29 2.13 Overwintering...................................................................................................30 2.14 Pests and Diseases.............................................................................................31 ix 2.15 Harvest and Postharvest....................................................................................33 2.16 Breeding............................................................................................................36
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sacred Lotus Nelumbo Nucifera
    Sacred lotus Nelumbo nucifera Description Introduced to North America as a water garden plant. Habit Perennial, emergent aquatic plant that produces individual flowers and leaves directly from the root system. Leaves Float on the surface of the water or are held up to 6 ft above the water by their petioles; circular peltate blades, 0.75-2.5 ft across, medium green or blue-green in color, hairless; margins are smooth, often undulating up and down, leaves that are above water are depressed toward the middle; many veins radiate from the center and become forked. Source: MISIN. 2021. Midwest Invasive Species Information Network. Michigan State University - Applied Spatial Ecology and Technical Services Laboratory. Available online at https://www.misin.msu.edu/facts/detail.php?id=219. Stems Light green in color, terete, hairless, smooth or somewhat prickly, contains hollow chambers that keep stems (petiole) erect and convey oxygen to the root system. Flowers Held up 6 ft above the water surface by peduncles (flowering stalks), 4-8 in across, consisting of about 15 pink tepals, a golden yellow receptacle, and a dense ring of golden yellow stamens; receptacle is located in the center of the flower, cone shaped, and has 15-35 short styles that look like small bumps; blooms during the summer and lasts for 2-3 months; short lived opening during the day and loosing their petals by afternoon; fragrant. Fruits and Seeds Each flower is replaced by a seedpod spanning 3-4 in across and 0.75 in deep; becomes dark brown with maturity; individual seeds are exposed in small chambers; seedpods bend downward to release seeds.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of the Oklahoma Native Plant Society, Volume 4, Number 1
    30 Oklahoma Native Plant Record Volume 4, Number 1, December 2004 Vascular Flora of the Chouteau Wildlife Management Area Wagoner County, Oklahoma Bruce W. Hoagland Forrest Johnson (deceased) Oklahoma Biological Survey Oklahoma Biological Survey and Department of Geography University of Oklahoma University of Oklahoma Norman, OK 73019 Norman, OK 73019 e-mail: [email protected] This article reports the results of a vascular plant inventory of the Chouteau Wildlife Management Area in eastern Oklahoma. One hundred eighty-one species of vascular plants were collected from 144 genera and 63 families. The families with the greatest number of species were the Asteraceae (25), Poaceae (22), and Fabaceae (18). Fifty-seven species were annuals, four biennials, and 120 were perennials. Thirty-nine woody plant species were present. Twenty-one species exotic to North America were collected representing 11.6% of the flora. Azolla caroliniana was the only species tracked by the Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory found. This study reports 148 species previously not documented in Wagoner County. INTRODUCTION from 35.86o N to 35.85o N and longitudinal The objectives of this study were extent from 95.34o W to 95.37o W. The twofold: to fill a gap in floristic data for CHWMA is located within the subtropical eastern Oklahoma and provide resource humid (Cf) climate zone (Trewartha 1968). managers at the Chouteau Wildlife Summers are warm (mean July temperature Management Area (CHWMA) with a = 27.7o C) and humid, whereas winters are comprehensive species list. Prior to 1996, relatively short and mild (mean January when collecting began for this study, 198 temperature = 2.9o C).
    [Show full text]
  • Two Cryptic Species of Lotus (Fabaceae) from the Iberian Peninsula 21-45 Wulfenia 27 (2020): 21– 45 Mitteilungen Des Kärntner Botanikzentrums Klagenfurt
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Wulfenia Jahr/Year: 2020 Band/Volume: 27 Autor(en)/Author(s): Kramina Tatiana E., Samigullin Tahir H., Meschersky Ilya G. Artikel/Article: Two cryptic species of Lotus (Fabaceae) from the Iberian Peninsula 21-45 Wulfenia 27 (2020): 21– 45 Mitteilungen des Kärntner Botanikzentrums Klagenfurt Two cryptic species of Lotus (Fabaceae) from the Iberian Peninsula Tatiana E. Kramina, Tahir H. Samigullin & Ilya G. Meschersky Summary: The problem of cryptic species is well known in taxonomy of different groups of organisms, including plants, and their recognition can contribute to the assessment of global biodiversity and the development of conservation methods. Analyses of Lotus glareosus and related taxa from the Iberian Peninsula based on various types of data (i.e. sequences of nuclear ribosomal ITS-1-2, 5’ETS and cpDNA trnL-F, seven loci of nuclear microsatellites) revealed that the material earlier determined as ‘L. glareosus’ is subdivided into two genetically distant groups: L. carpetanus, related to L. conimbricensis, and L. glareosus, included in the L. corniculatus complex. Though only slight morphological distinctions were found between them, significant genetic differences comparable to those between sections of the genus Lotus (p-distance 0.07– 0.08 in ITS, 0.060 – 0.067 in ETS and 0.010 – 0.013 in trnL-F; substitution number 43 – 47 bp in ITS, 22–24 bp in ETS and 12–14 bp in trnL-F) and no evidence of genetic exchange suggest that these groups may represent two deeply diverged lineages that should be treated as two separate species.
    [Show full text]
  • Fruits and Seeds of Genera in the Subfamily Faboideae (Fabaceae)
    Fruits and Seeds of United States Department of Genera in the Subfamily Agriculture Agricultural Faboideae (Fabaceae) Research Service Technical Bulletin Number 1890 Volume I December 2003 United States Department of Agriculture Fruits and Seeds of Agricultural Research Genera in the Subfamily Service Technical Bulletin Faboideae (Fabaceae) Number 1890 Volume I Joseph H. Kirkbride, Jr., Charles R. Gunn, and Anna L. Weitzman Fruits of A, Centrolobium paraense E.L.R. Tulasne. B, Laburnum anagyroides F.K. Medikus. C, Adesmia boronoides J.D. Hooker. D, Hippocrepis comosa, C. Linnaeus. E, Campylotropis macrocarpa (A.A. von Bunge) A. Rehder. F, Mucuna urens (C. Linnaeus) F.K. Medikus. G, Phaseolus polystachios (C. Linnaeus) N.L. Britton, E.E. Stern, & F. Poggenburg. H, Medicago orbicularis (C. Linnaeus) B. Bartalini. I, Riedeliella graciliflora H.A.T. Harms. J, Medicago arabica (C. Linnaeus) W. Hudson. Kirkbride is a research botanist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, BARC West Room 304, Building 011A, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350 (email = [email protected]). Gunn is a botanist (retired) from Brevard, NC (email = [email protected]). Weitzman is a botanist with the Smithsonian Institution, Department of Botany, Washington, DC. Abstract Kirkbride, Joseph H., Jr., Charles R. Gunn, and Anna L radicle junction, Crotalarieae, cuticle, Cytiseae, Weitzman. 2003. Fruits and seeds of genera in the subfamily Dalbergieae, Daleeae, dehiscence, DELTA, Desmodieae, Faboideae (Fabaceae). U. S. Department of Agriculture, Dipteryxeae, distribution, embryo, embryonic axis, en- Technical Bulletin No. 1890, 1,212 pp. docarp, endosperm, epicarp, epicotyl, Euchresteae, Fabeae, fracture line, follicle, funiculus, Galegeae, Genisteae, Technical identification of fruits and seeds of the economi- gynophore, halo, Hedysareae, hilar groove, hilar groove cally important legume plant family (Fabaceae or lips, hilum, Hypocalypteae, hypocotyl, indehiscent, Leguminosae) is often required of U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Sacred Lotus (Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertn.) As an Alternative Crop for Phyto-Remediation by Warner Steve Orozco Oband
    Evaluation of Sacred Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) as an Alternative Crop for Phyto-remediation by Warner Steve Orozco Obando A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Auburn, Alabama May 6, 2012 Keywords: Aquaponics, Heavy Metals, Constructed Wetlands, CWs Copyright 2012 by Warner Orozco Obando Approved by Kenneth M. Tilt, Chair, Professor of Horticulture Floyd M. Woods, Co-chair, Associate Professor of Horticulture Fenny Dane, Professor of Horticulture J. Raymond Kessler, Professor of Horticulture Jeff L. Sibley, Professor of Horticulture Wheeler G. Foshee III, Associate Professor of Horticulture Abstract Lotus, Nelumbo nucifera, offers a wide diversity of uses as ornamental, edible and medicinal plant. An opportunity for growing lotus as a crop in Alabama also has the potential for phyto-remediation. Lotus was evaluated for remediation of trace elements focusing on manganese (Mn), organic compounds targeting s-metolachlor and filtering aquaculture waste water. Lotus was evaluated for filtering trace elements by establishing a base line for tissue composition and evaluating lotus capacity to grow in solutions with high levels of Mn (0, 5, 10, 15, or 50 mg/L). Increasing Mn concentrations in solution induced a linear increase in lotus Mn leaf concentrations. Hyper-accumulation of Al and Fe was detected in the rhizomes, while Na hyper-accumulated in the petioles, all without visible signs of toxicity. Mn treatments applied to lotus affected chlorophyll content. For example, chlorophyll a content increased linearly over time while chlorophyll b decreased. Radical scavenging activity (DPPH) did not change over time but correlated with total phenols content, showing a linear decrease after 6 weeks of treatment.
    [Show full text]
  • American Lotus
    American Lotus Nelumbo lutea seagrant.psu.edu Species at a Glance The American lotus is an aquatic perennial plant with large round leaves, luminescent yellow flowers, and distinctive cone-shaped seed pods. The name American lotus means “sacred bean” after the seed pods, which today, are popular in dried floral arrangements. Historically, early Native Americans regarded the American lotus as a sacred plant with mystical powers, and used its large rhizomes for medicinal purposes. Unfortunately, this fast-growing species is also a strong colonizer that can quickly dominate and negatively impact a water body. Species Description The American lotus is an emergent, aquatic perennial with distinct leaves, flowers, and seed pods that make it easy to identify. The leaves are large, circular, and can be found either floating on the water’s surface, or elevated several Photo courtesy of inches above the water on long stiff stalks. The undersides Ron Thomas, of the leaves may be slightly hairy and the stem attaches Bioimages to the center of the leaf. While it may be confused with water lilies, the circular leaves of American lotus do not Photo courtesy of bendingtree, have slits in them. The flowers are large and luminescent inaturalist.org yellow growing up to 20cm (8 in) wide and containing many petals. The seed pods of American lotus are large, AMERICAN LOTUS cone-shaped, and contain many large brown seeds. Nelumbo lutea Native & Introduced Ranges While it’s considered native to eastern and central North America from Maine to Wisconsin and southward from Florida to Texas, the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources has listed the American lotus as a non-native and invasive species.
    [Show full text]
  • Lotus Scoparius (Nutt. in Torr. & A. Gray) Ottley [= Acmispon Glaber
    SPECIES Lotus scoparius (Nutt. in Torr. & A. Gray) Ottley [= Acmispon glaber (Vogel) Brouillet] NRCS CODE: Tribe: Loteae LOSC2 Subfamily: Papilionoideae LOSCS2 Family: Fabaceae LOSCB Order: Fabales Subclass: Rosidae Class: Magnoliopsida LOSCB , Riverside Co., A. Montalvo 2009 LOSCS2, Monterey coast, A. Montalvo 2003 LOSCB, Riverside Co., A. Montalvo 2010, Subspecific taxa 1. LOSCS2 1. Lotus scoparius var. scoparius 2. LOSCB 2. Lotus scoparius (Nutt.) Ottley var. brevialatus Ottley Synonyms 1. Acmispon glaber (Vogel) Brouillet var. glaber [New name in Jepson Manual 2nd Edition, JepsonOnline 2010] Hosackia scoparia Nutt. in T. and G. (taxa numbered as above) H. glaber Greene H. crassifolia Nutt., not Benth L. glaber Greene, not Mill. L. scoparius (Torr. & A. Gray) Ottley L. scoparius (Nutt. in T. & G.) Ottley ssp. scoparius (Ottley) Munz Lotus scoparius (Nutt.) Ottley var. perplexans Hoover p.p. Syrmatium glabrum Vogel 2. Acmispon glaber (Vogel) Brouillet var. brevialatus (Ottley) Brouillet [New name in Jepson Manual 2nd Edition] Hosackia glabra (Vogel) Torr. var. brevialata (Ottley) Abrams Lotus scoparius (Torr. & A. Gray) Ottley var. brevialatus Ottley Lotus scoparius (Nutt. in T. & G.) Ottley ssp. brevialatus (Ottley) Munz Common name General for species: California broom, deerweed 1. coastal deerweed, common deerweed (taxa numbered as above) 2. desert deerweed, western bird's foot trefoil, short-winged deerweed (Roberts 2008, Painter 2009, USDA PLANTS 2010). Over 45 taxa of Lotus were recognized in Isely's treatment in Hickman (1993) for California. These taxa had been grouped and regrouped into various species as well as subgenera or genera based on morphology for over a century. Allan & Porter (2000) analyzed DNA (ITS and nuclear ribosomal DNA), geographic, and morphological data for more than 45 taxa of Lotus together with additional related taxa of Loteae and found several geographically distinct lineages.
    [Show full text]
  • Review: Medicago Truncatula As a Model for Understanding Plant Interactions with Other Organisms, Plant Development and Stress Biology: Past, Present and Future
    CSIRO PUBLISHING www.publish.csiro.au/journals/fpb Functional Plant Biology, 2008, 35, 253-- 264 Review: Medicago truncatula as a model for understanding plant interactions with other organisms, plant development and stress biology: past, present and future Ray J. Rose Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. Email: [email protected] Abstract. Medicago truncatula Gaertn. cv. Jemalong, a pasture species used in Australian agriculture, was first proposed as a model legumein 1990.Sincethat time M. truncatula,along withLotus japonicus(Regal) Larsen, hascontributed tomajor advances in understanding rhizobia Nod factor perception and the signalling pathway involved in nodule formation. Research using M. truncatula as a model has expanded beyond nodulation and the allied mycorrhizal research to investigate interactions with insect pests, plant pathogens and nematodes. In addition to biotic stresses the genetic mechanisms to ameliorate abiotic stresses such as salinity and drought are being investigated. Furthermore, M. truncatula is being used to increase understanding of plant development and cellular differentiation, with nodule differentiation providing a different perspective to organogenesis and meristem biology. This legume plant represents one of the major evolutionary success stories of plant adaptation to its environment, and it is particularly in understanding the capacity to integrate biotic and abiotic plant responses with plant growth and development that M. truncatula has an important role to play. The expanding genomic and genetic toolkit available with M. truncatula provides many opportunities for integrative biological research with a plant which is both a model for functional genomics and important in agricultural sustainability.
    [Show full text]
  • Birdsfoot Trefoil Lotus Corniculatus L
    birdsfoot trefoil Lotus corniculatus L. Synonyms: Lotus corniculatus var. arvensis (Schkuhr) Ser. ex DC., L. rechingeri Chrtkova-Zertova Other common names: birdfoot deervetch, bloomfell, cat’s clover, crowtoes, eggs-and-bacon, ground honeysuckle Family: Fabaceae Invasiveness Rank: 65 The invasiveness rank is calculated based on a species’ ecological impacts, biological attributes, distribution, and response to control measures. The ranks are scaled from 0 to 100, with 0 representing a plant that poses no threat to native ecosystems and 100 representing a plant that poses a major threat to native ecosystems. Description Similar species: Birdsfoot trefoil can be confused with Birdsfoot trefoil is a perennial plant that grows from a yellow sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis), which is an deep taproot. Stems are erect to trailing, branched, introduced legume. Yellow sweetclover can be glabrous to sparsely hairy, and 10 to 80 cm long. Leaves distinguished from birdsfoot trefoil by the presence of are alternate and pinnately compound with five leaflets trifoliate leaves, flowers that are arranged in many- each, resembling the foot of a bird. Leaf axes are 2 to 5 flowered terminal and axillary racemes, and corollas that mm long. Leaflets are asymmetrical, elliptic to obovate, are 4 to 7 mm long (DiTomaso and Healy 2007, 5 to 20 mm long, and 4 to 10 mm wide with pointed tips Klinkenberg 2010). and minutely toothed margins. The lowest pair of leaflets are basal and somewhat reduced in size. The three terminal leaflets arise from the tip of the main axis. Flowers are arranged in axillary umbels in groups of two to eight.
    [Show full text]
  • Acmispon Glaber (Vogel) Brouillet [Updated 2017] = Lotus Scoparius (Nutt
    I. SPECIES Acmispon glaber (Vogel) Brouillet [Updated 2017] = Lotus scoparius (Nutt. in Torr. & A. Gray) Ottley NRCS CODE: [none for Tribe: Loteae Family: Fabaceae Subclass: Rosidae Acmispon] Subfamily: Papilionoideae Order: Fabales Class: Magnoliopsida [LOSC2 code for L. 4 mm scoparius ] Acmispon glaber var. brevialatus [= Lotus scoparius var. brevialatus] 15 mm seedling with linear cotyledons and first pair of true leaves 4 mm Acmispon glaber var. glaber erect form prostrate form on Monterey coast A. Subspecific taxa 1. no NRCS code 1. Acmispon glaber (Vogel) Brouillet var. glaber 2. no NRCS code 2. Acmispon glaber (Vogel) Brouillet var. brevialatus (Ottley) Brouillet [accepted by Baldwin et al. (2012), Jepson eFlora (2017)] B. Common name General for species: deerweed, California broom 1. coastal deerweed, common deerweed, deerweed, coastal deerbroom (taxa numbered as above; 2. short-winged deerweed, desert deerweed, desert deerbroom, western bird's foot trefoil names listed first used below) (Roberts 2008, Allen & Roberts 2013, Calflora 2016, USDA PLANTS 2016). Last modified: 10/19/2018 LOSC2 Update, 1 Printed: 10/19/2018 C. Synonyms 1. LOSCS2 1. Lotus scoparius (Nutt.) Ottley var. scoparius Hosackia scoparia Nutt. in T. and G. H. glaber Greene H. crassifolia Nutt., not Benth L. glaber Greene, not Mill. L. scoparius (Torr. & A. Gray) Ottley L. scoparius (Nutt. in T. & G.) Ottley ssp. scoparius (Ottley) Munz Lotus scoparius (Nutt.) Ottley var. perplexans Hoover p.p. Syrmatium glabrum Vogel 2. LOSCB 2. Lotus scoparius (Nutt.) Ottley var. brevialatus Ottley (taxa numbered as above) Hosackia glabra (Vogel) Torr. var. brevialata (Ottley) Abrams Lotus scoparius (Torr. & A. Gray) Ottley var. brevialatus Ottley Lotus scoparius (Nutt.
    [Show full text]
  • Connecticut's Aquatic and Wetland Invasive Plant Identification Guide
    Connecticut’s Aquatic and Wetland Invasive Plant Identification Guide 2nd Edition Gregory J. Bugbee, Martha E. Barton*, and Jordan A. Gibbons The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Department of Environmental Sciences P.O Box 1106 New Haven, CT 06504 The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station was founded in 1875. It is chartered by the General As- sembly to make scientific inquiries and conduct experiments regarding plants and their pests, insects, soil and water, and to perform analyses for state agencies. Station laboratories or research farms are located in New Haven, Windsor, Hamden, and Griswold. The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (CAES) prohibits discrimination in all of its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, ancestry, national origin, sex, religious creed, age, political beliefs, sexual orientation, criminal conviction record, gender identity, genetic information, learning disability, present or past history of mental disorder, mental retardation or physical disability including but not limited to blindness, or marital or family status. To file a complaint of discrimination, write Director, The Connect- icut Agricultural Experiment Station, P.O. Box 1106, New Haven, CT 06504, or call (203) 974-8440. CAES is an affirmative action/equal opportunity provider and employer. Persons with disabilities who require alternate means of communication of program information should contact the Chief of Services at (203) 974-8442 (voice); (203) 974-8502 (FAX); or [email protected] (E-mail). Acknowledgements The efforts of Dr. Robert Capers, Ms. Nancy Murray, Ms. Roslyn Reeps, Ms. Amy Weiss, Mr. Michael Ca- vadini, and Ms. Jennifer Fanzutti are gratefully acknowledged. *Current affiliation is with the Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Research, Bureau of Science Services at the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources © 2012 The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin No.
    [Show full text]
  • A Taxonomic Survey of Lotus Section Pedrosia (Leguminosae, Loteae) Graeme Sandral, Margarita V
    © Landesmuseum für Kärnten; download www.landesmuseum.ktn.gv.at/wulfenia; www.biologiezentrum.at Wulfenia 13 (2006): 97–192 Mitteilungen des Kärntner Botanikzentrums Klagenfurt A taxonomic survey of Lotus section Pedrosia (Leguminosae, Loteae) Graeme Sandral, Margarita V. Remizowa & Dmitry D. Sokoloff Summary: A taxonomic review of the section Pedrosia (excl. sect. Rhyncholotus) is presented. Members of the section occur in the Macaronesian Islands, north-western part of Africa and in the Mediterranean region. Centers of diversity are Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Madeira and Morocco. Twenty nine species of the section are recognized; their diagnostic characters are discussed and extensively illustrated. An identifi cation key to species of the section is given as well as morphological descriptions of species and subspecies. Leaf morphology was found to be a particularly useful character in species discrimination. Many species are quite variable, and their identifi cation is only possible using a suite of several characters. Furthermore, various morphological characters have different taxonomic weight in different regions (e.g. Cape Verde and Morocco). The following taxonomic decisions are adopted: (1) Lotus azoricus is synonymous with L . argyrodes; (2) L . tenellus is accepted as a species distinct from L . glaucus, with an area covering Tenerife and Gran Canaria; (3) all material examined from Hierro (Canary Islands) is identifi ed asL . sessilifolius; (4) L . hillebrandii is treated as a subspecies of L . campylocladus; (5) L . spartioides is synonymous with L . holosericus. Representatives of the section Pedrosia from Lanzarote and Fuerteventura are closer to those from Madeira than to plants from other Canary Islands. Keywords: Fabaceae, Leguminosae, Loteae, Lotus, Pedrosia, taxonomy, determination key, typifi cation, comb.
    [Show full text]