Comprehensive Need Assessment in Hard to Reach Districts in Badghis and Herat Province
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COMPREHENSIVE NEED ASSESSMENT IN HARD TO REACH DISTRICTS IN BADGHIS AND HERAT PROVINCE Multi Cluster Need Assessment (WASH, ESNFI, Nutrition and Protection) OCTOBER 15, 2019 CRDSA 4th District, Mokhaberat Road, Herat city Introduction In order to assess the needs of returning IDPs and to their place of origins and most vulnerable host community members who had not been displaced due to prolonged war and recent drought in western region as well as progress of early recovery from negative impacts of recent drought, CRDSA conducted a rapid assessment in Herat and Badghis province. The districts had been targeted for this assessment that are considered as hard to reach areas. These districts have experienced prolonged war which has taken lots of casualties from civilians and their humanitarian conditions have been deteriorated due to recent drought that had affected 22 province out of 34 province of Afghanistan. Western region provinces particularly Badghis and Herat had been affected even severe than other provinces as the two main livelihood sources ( agriculture and livestock) had been severely affected, over 60000 families had been displaced to Badghis provincial center, Qala e Now urban areas and Herat city urban area, Injl and Karokh district residing in informal IDP settlements. However humanitarian communities led by UNOCHA provided valuable life-saving emergency assistance in the sector of food, WASH, ESNFI, Protection and health which saved thousands life in harsh winter 2017 and 2018, but there are lots of families who need assistance despite ending the drought. CRDSA conducted rapid assessment in Badghis and Herat provinces, hard to reach districts where the organization is currently implementing WFP funded unconditional seasonal food support in Herat province and conditional seasonal food support (Bala Morghab, Jawand and Moqur districts in Badghis province). Through this assessment, the overall aspects of the life of the villages were assessed and unique data were collected. The assessment has taken place on 14-15 Oct 2019 Target locations: Herat Province: Shindand, Pashtoon Zarghoon and Gularn districts Badghis province: Bala Morghab, Jawand and Ghormach districts Methodology of assessment The raid assessment was carried out based on following methods Field visit from most returned villages and most hosting IDPs in hard to reach districts Community meeting with community elders and CDCs in hard to reach districts in Badghis and Herat (FGD) a total of 10 FGDs Coordination with line departments e.g. DRRD, DoRR, district governors Key informant interview ( 15 interviews) Summary of the Report The analysis of data collected from the field, indicated that despite valuable assistance provided by humanitarian organization funded by UNOCHA, ERM and ECHO and other donor and Government of Afghanistan, but very low assistance provided for residents in hard to reach areas in Herat and Badghis province. Protracted war in last 15 years in Bala Morghab, Jawand and Ghormach districts in Badghis province has resulted mas civilian causalities due to armed conflict between government forces and AGEs, as well as bombardment and mine explosion. Almost all 1 | P a g e residents of center of Bala Morghab district have been displaced as the center of the district was the battlefield between ANSF and AGEs. The situation in Ghormach also is the same as the Bala Morghab, prolonged war has severely affected the public service delivery in this district, and there is no official government department functioning and providing services for people. There is no development and even emergency programs in this district. Jawand district is not accessible due to presence of AGEs and constrains in access road due to mountainous pathways which are blocked due to snow and flood. The condition in Herat provincial districts including Shindand, and Gulran is not good, prolonged war combined with last drought has crippled many families in their places of origins, but services provided for vulnerable groups are not sufficient. Meantime those IDPs who returned to their place of origin after appropriate spring rainfall, they are still in trouble as they were not able to recover/rehabilitate fully their livelihood sources. They could cultivate some parts of their farms but restoration of livestock based livelihood needs more inputs and times, but almost noting done in this sector. Among the 17000 IDP families who returned back to their place of origins, 50% of them are still in needs of food, WASH, nutrition and protection services. ESNFI Sector Provision of cash for shelter repair (building repair, door and window repair) for 4000 families who returned back to their villages Provision of cash for NFIs for those IDPs who stayed in informal settlements in hard to reach districts in Badghis and Herat , a total of 2000 families to be supported including elderly headed families, female headed families and chronically ill headed families) Winterization assistance to 5000 families who are in need to keep their homes war within upcoming winter season FSAC Sector Food distribution for most vulnerable families who are unable to recover the impact of recent drought and prolonged armed conflict for at least 8000 families in provincial districts , IDP settlements and host communities Provision of agriculture inputs for farmers including seeds and fertilizers to at least 8000 vulnerable families Livestock support to those families who were fully dependent to goat rearing and sheep rearing before drought. WASH Sector Provision of safe drinking water for 2600 families in Ghormach and Morghab districts in Badghis through establishment of 7 pipe schemes including 2 pipe scheme in Qala Wali area in Ghormach district and 5 pipe schemes in Bala Murghab district Provision of safe drinking water for 2000 families living in 15 villages in Gulran district of Herat province. As the water in these areas are salty, so the pipe schemes should be 2 | P a g e supported with water sweetening machines as durable solution initiatives such empowered by solar technology Latrine upgrade for almost 2000 HHs to enhance access to women and girls to clean and safe latrines Hygiene promotion for almost 10000 families in Herat and Badghis and distribution of hygiene kits GBV and CPiE Sector Provision of outreach psychosocial counseling, mobile team services, and referral services to GBV in place of origins and place of displacement Provision of outreach psychosocial counseling, treatment and referral for specialized services for 3000 GBV survivors in Herat and Badghis Empowerment of at least 1000 GBV survivors particularly who are women who head their families to have access to income generating opportunities Community dialogue on GBV is not supported by AGEs and target community members as a sensitive issue, so CRDSA not recommend/propose dialogue meetings on GBV awareness Child rights and positive parenting skills for 10000 families in Herat and Badghis Establishment of child friendly spaces (CFS) at least on CSF per one village Provision of psychosocial counseling to children Nutrition Sector CRDSA conducted rapid assessment in above mentioned districts in 14-15 Oct 2019 where CRDSA is currently implementing WFP funded conditional seasonal food support ( UCSS) in Badghis ( Bala Morghab, Jawand and Moqur) and Unconditional seasonal food support (CSS) in Herat province. According to the survey findings, over 40% of residents of Bala Morghab, Jawand and Ghormach consuming food once per day, while 35% of families consuming twice per day (FCS). The consumed food specification proved that the majority of people use low calorie food which mainly formed by dried bread, water melon, Dough (water added to yoghurt), or bread with tea. Among 70 community members interviewed 50 interviewed reported that they have not eaten meat with their families since 1 month, however some of them narrated that they had the chance to eat meat in wedding ceremonies. 35 interviewees out of 70 interviewees narrated that they have not eaten egg for 3 months as they had no egg laying hens. The consumption of other protein full food materials such milk, yoghurt is very low as the community people narrated that they had to sell their livestock and other asset to be able to provide basic food during the recent drought hit Badghis and Herat province. Following table indicated the children 6-23 months and pregnant and lactating women in 3 target districts in Badghis and Herat 3 | P a g e Province District Total Children 6-23 Pregnant and Remark population ( months lactating CSA) women Badghis Jawand 86100 5166 6888 Women and children needs urgent nutrition services Badghis Bala Morghab 106116 6367 8489 Badghis Ghormach 60179 3611 4814 Herat Shindand 46425 2785 3714 Herat Gulran 102780 6169 8222 Herat Pashtoon 109453 6567 8756 Zarghoon Total 511053 30665 40883 Required intervention and inputs to address the needs in western region province Badghis Province Shelter upgrade and Cash assistance for Winterization Many homes have been damaged due to war between government forces and AGES in Badghis and Herat, in addition due recent drought thousands of Afghan families left their place of origins when returning for their homes there are no door, window available in their houses while some home were damaged due to heavy rains and snow in last winter season but there was no one to preserve homes from damage. When the people returned to their place of origins so they need support for upgrading their shelters including installation of door, window, isolating roofs and repairing the damage of home. Poor capabilities of people including host families and returning IDPs does not allow them to perform such rapier/upgradation independently so they are in need to receive assistance to be able to be safe in upcoming winter. Through this assessment CRDSA proposes shelter upgrade/repair for at least 1500 per province (500 for each district) to support the most vulnerable families including elderly headed families, women headed families, and those families who lost their supervisors and they are extremely in need.