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Bulletin of the German Historical Institute Bulletin of the German Historical Institute Washington DC Bulletin of the German Historical Institute Bulletin of the German Historical Institute Washington DC Editor: Richard F. Wetzell The Bulletin appears twice a year and is available free of charge. Current and back issues are available online at: www.ghi-dc.org/bulletin To sign up for a subscription or to report an address change please contact Ms. Susanne Fabricius at [email protected]. For editorial comments or inquiries, please contact the editor at [email protected] or at the address below. For further information about the GHI, please visit our web site www.ghi-dc.org. For general inquiries, please send an email to [email protected]. German Historical Institute 1607 New Hampshire Ave NW Washington DC 20009-2562 USA Phone: (202) 387-3355 Fax: (202) 483-3430 © German Historical Institute 2015 All rights reserved ISSN 1048-9134 Bulletin of the German Historical Institute 56 | Spring 2015 03 Preface FEATURES 07 Toward a New Europe? Knowledge as a Transformational Resource since the 1970s Andreas Wirsching 23 Toward a New Europe?A Comment Jeffrey J. Anderson 27 The Memory of Dictatorship and the Future of Democracy: The East German Past Today Richard Schröder 47 Why Consider the Popular Press in Post-1848 Germany? Chase Richards 69 Between Dictatorship and Dissent: Ideology, Legitimacy and Human Rights in East Germany, 1945-1990 Ned Richardson-Little 83 Why not buy? Making Things Oneself in an Age of Consumption Reinhild Kreis CONFERENCE REPORTS 101 Studying the History of National Socialism and the Holocaust: Toward an Agenda for the 21st Century Stefan Hördler and Julia Lange 107 2014 Archival Summer Seminar in Germany Mark Stoneman 111 Bosch Foundation Archival Summer School for Junior Historians 2014: American History in Transatlantic Perspective Mischa Honeck 115 Shady Business: White Collar Crime in History Hartmut Berghoff and Uwe Spiekermann 125 White Collar Crime and Business Julia Langenberg 131 Green Capitalism? Exploring the Crossroads of Environmental and Business History Astrid Kirchhof 137 Dispossession: Plundering German Jewry, 1933-1945 and Beyond Jonathan Zatlin 143 Taxation for Redistribution since 1945: North America and Western Europe in Comparison Gisela Hürlimann 151 GHi NEWS 2014 Fritz Stern Dissertation Prize Hans Rosenberg Book Prize New Staff Publications Staff Changes GHI Fellowships and Internships Recipients of GHI Fellowships GHI Research Seminar, Fall 2014 GHI Doctoral Seminar, Fall 2014 GHI Lecture Series, Spring 2015 GHI Calendar of Events 2015 2 BULLETIN OF THE GHI | 56 | SPRING 2015 PREFACE This issue of the Bulletin begins with the German Historical Institute’s 28th Annual Lecture, delivered last fall by Andreas Wirsching (Institut für Zeitgeschichte, Munich), who examined the role of European conceptions of “knowledge” in the transformation of European society since the 1970s. Wirsching’s incisive article examines the origins of the notion of a “knowledge society,” its political uses in the context of neoliberal responses to globalization within the European Union, and its problematic implications, rang- ing from technocratic rule to social polarization. In his commentary, Jeffrey Anderson (Georgetown University) notes that the explosion of knowledge, including the rise of the internet as a means of dis- seminating knowledge, has, in fact, led to growing disparities of wealth, both within nations and internationally. Our next feature article presents an expanded version of the lecture delivered at the GHI’s German Unification Symposium last October 3 by Richard Schröder, who was elected to the East German parlia- ment in March 1990 and chairs the Advisory Board of the Germany’s Federal Commissioner for the Records of the State Security Service of the Former GDR. In his wide-ranging lecture, Schröder reflects on the role that the memory of dictatorship should play in a democ- racy. Rejecting the general argument that a better understanding of dictatorship teaches useful historical lessons, Schröder provides a number of specific reasons why remembering and studying the East German dictatorship is important. These include not only the need to compensate and remember the victims of the regime, but the need to provide a kind of substitute for the “public sphere” that was lacking in the GDR and to correct the official history propagated by the SED. As regular readers know, each spring issue of the Bulletin allows us to present the research of the winners of the Fritz Stern Dissertation Prize, awarded every fall by the Friends of the German Historical Institute for the two best dissertations in German history completed at North American universities in the preceding year. This year we are delighted to present articles by the latest Stern Prize honor- ees, Chase Richards (Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania) and Ned Richardson-Little (Ph.D., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill). Chase Richards provides an overview of his dissertation PREFACE3 project on the German popular press after 1848, which focuses on the so-called Familienblätter, or “family papers,” a genre of illustrated general-interest magazine produced for domestic con- sumption. While these were commercial ventures, Richards argues that their publishers and editors saw these papers as vehicles for disseminating liberal ideas and values at a time when liberalism faced severe political obstacles. Ned Richardson-Little presents his dissertation research on human rights, ideology, and legitimacy in East Germany. Complicating received narratives in which the SED regime figures simply as a violator of human rights, Richardson- Little recovers the history of the GDR’s attempts to propose an alternative socialist conception of human rights as necessary back- ground for fully understanding the struggle over the meaning of human rights that took place between the regime and East German dissidents in the 1980s. This issue’s final feature article presents the research of Reinhild Kreis, who was GHI Fellow in the History of Consumption in 2013/14. Kreis presents her research on the history of the do-it- yourself movemeNt, which reveals the differeNt meaNiNgs attributed to “making things oneself” rather than consuming ready-made products. FocusiNg oN the iNterplay of the do-it-yourself move- ment with the rise of consumer society, Kreis’s project provides new insights into changing social norms and values, including different interpretations of what counts as valuable “knowledge” in a society, thus bringing us full circle with the themes of Andreas Wirsching’s article. As usual, the remainder of this Bulletin presents a series of reports on recent GHI conferences and workshops. Amid a variety of top- ics, two foci are discernable. The history of white-collar crime was examined by a major conference at the GHI and a smaller workshop in Germany. The state of current research on National Socialism and the Holocaust was the subject of an international workshop co-organized by the GHI and the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, while a conference co-sponsored by the GHI and Boston University examined Nazi Germany’s dispossession of German Jews. In addi- tion to reading the reports on other conferences and seminars, we urge you to read our “news” section, which, among other things, reports on our new staff publications and gives you an overview of upcoming events, at which we hope to see some of our readers. Hartmut Berghoff (Director) and Richard F. Wetzell (Editor) 4 BULLETIN OF THE GHI | 56 | SPRING 2015 Features Features Conference Reports GHI News TOWARD A NEW EUROPE? KNOWLEDGE AS A TRANSFORMATIONAL RESOURCE SINCE THE 1970S 28TH ANNUAL LECTURE OF THE GHI, WASHINGTON DC, NOVEMBER 13, 2014 Andreas Wirsching INSTITUT FÜR ZEITGESCHICHTE AND LUDWIG-MAXIMILIANS-UNIVERSITÄT, MUNICH I. Forty years ago, Europe was quite different from what it is today.1 Not only was half the continent in the grip of communism; large parts of southern Europe, including Spain, Portugal, and Greece, were just shaking off the remnants of their authoritarian regimes. The standard of living there was low, and the agrarian sector still dominated the economy. On the other hand, countries like West Germany, the Unit- ed Kingdom, Belgium, and the Netherlands, as well as large parts of France, Italy, and Scandinavia, were fully fledged industrial societies with around fifty per cent of the workforce employed in the industrial sector. Coal was still a fairly importaNt source of eNergy, eveN though the irreversible decline of the mining industry had already become obvious. Oil was cheap and abundant, although the first oil crisis in 1973 temporarily caused a sharp rise in prices and gave a sure indica- tion of the fact that the oil reserves were not infinite.2 The Europe of the 1970s was still separated by many frontiers, and it was not so easy to travel from one country to another. We do not need to speak of the Iron Curtain that continued to cut through the heart of Europe and prohibited the freedom of movement in Eastern Europe. Even within Western Europe border controls were normal and often time-consuming, even though compulsory visas had been abolished by the end of the 1950s. It was still difficult to move from 1 This article is a revised one European country to another in order to settle down, work or and annotated version of study abroad. ApplicaNts had to meet maNy requiremeNts aNd quali- the Annual Lecture I was invited to give at the fications, and bureaucratic proceedings were complex and sometimes German Historical Insti- insurmountable. Finally, travel was expensive and — as far as air travel tute in Washington, 13 November 2014. is concerned — often a luxury. 2 Rüdiger Graf, Öl und Computers did exist in the 1970s but they were huge machines that Souveränität: Petroknowledge und were operated by specialists in closed laboratories. And computers Energiepolitik in den USA did not affect everyday life at all. Even secretaries still used rather und Westeuropa in den 1970er Jahren old-fashioned typewriters when writing their bosses’ letters.
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