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Fisheries and Environment Research and Development in the Mekong Region Volume 23, No 3 ISSN 0859-290X December 2017

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Fisheries and Environment Research and Development in the Mekong Region Volume 23, No 3 ISSN 0859-290X December 2017 Aquaculture Catch and Culture Aquaculture - Environment Fisheries and Environment Research and Development in the Mekong Region Volume 23, No 3 ISSN 0859-290X December 2017 INSIDE l Can urban aquaculture help meet growing demand for fish? l Water quality improves in Mekong and Bassac rivers l Sustainable fisheries among priorities to address climate change l MRC prepares to monitor Mekong mainstream hydropower projects l New study looks at Mun tributary of Mekong in northeast Thailand l Integrating climate change into Cambodia’s macroeconomic policy l Mekong Delta to have Viet Nam’s largest wind farm under $2 bln deal December 2017 Catch and Culture - Environment Volume 23, No. 3 1 Aquaculture Catch and Culture - Environment is published three times a year by the office of the Mekong River Commission Secretariat in Vientiane, Lao PDR, and distributed to over 650 subscribers around the world. The preparation of the newsletter is facilitated by the Environmental Management Division of the MRC. Free email subscriptions are available through the MRC website, www.mrcmekong.org. For information on the cost of hard-copy subscriptions, contact the MRC’s Documentation Centre at [email protected]. Contributions to Catch and Culture - Environment should be sent to [email protected] and copied to [email protected]. © Mekong River Commission 2017 The MRC is funded by contribution from its member countries and development partners including Australia, Belgium, European Union, Finland, France, Switzerland, Germany, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, the United States and the World Bank. Editorial Panel: Truong Hong Tien, Director of Environmental Management Division So Nam, Chief Environmental Management Officer Phattareeya Suanrattanachai, Fisheries Management Specialist Prayooth Yaowakhan, Ecosystem and Wetland Specialist Nuon Vanna, Fisheries and Aquatic Ecology Officer Dao Thi Ngoc Hoang, Water Quality Officer Editor: Peter Starr Designer: Chhut Chheana Consulting editor: Michele McLellan The opinions and interpretation expressed within are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Mekong River Commission. From left, Myanmar State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi, Lao President Bounnhang Vorachit and Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen attending an informal dialoge with leaders from the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum in Da Nang on November 10. The three countries are the only ASEAN members that are not also members of APEC. PHOTO: ASEAN SECRETARIAT COVER PHOTO: SURBANA JURONG 2 Catch and Culture - Environment Volume 23, No. 3 December 2017 AquacultureContents Contents 4 Water quality Monitoring shows improvement in water quality of Mekong and Bassac rivers 8 Regional cooperation (1) Sustainable agriculture, aquaculture and fisheries to address climate change 12 Regional cooperation (2) ASEAN commits to strategic plan to combat antimicrobial resistance 14 Hydropower Joint environment monitoring for Mekong mainstream hydropower projects 18 Urban aquaculture Can urban aquaculture help meet the world’s growing demand for fish? 24 Conservation Species conservation in Cambodia 26 World fisheries FAO sees faster growth — and higher prices — in global fisheries this year 28 Macroeconomic implications of climate change Climate change should be integrated into Cambodia’s macroeconomic policy 30 Wind power Mekong Delta to have Viet Nam’s largest wind farm under $2 bln deal 32 Statistics Cambodia seeks better technology for collecting and sharing fisheries data 34 Research (1) New study looks at Mun tributary of Mekong in northeast Thailand 42 Research (2) Recent studies by Research Institute No 2 in Ho Chi Minh City 44 Capture fisheries Dai catch increases in latest season December 2017 Catch and Culture - Environment Volume 23, No. 3 3 Water quality Monitoring shows improvement in water quality of Mekong and Bassac rivers BY LY KONGMENG AND DAO THI NGOC HOANG * The latest monitoring of the Mekong Mekong and five are on the Bassac River. Twelve and Bassac rivers indicates a slight parameters were monitored monthly at each station improvement in overall water quality from (see Catch and Culture - Environment, Vol 22, No 2014 to 2015. The water quality was still in 2) and six more were monitored monthly in the wet good condition for the protection of human season only (except for Viet Nam where they were monitored each month). health and aquatic life, and there were no restrictions on using the river waters for Results showed that water quality of the Mekong any type of agriculture. and Bassac rivers improved slightly from 2014. When compared to MRC Water Quality The Mekong River Commission and laboratories in Guidelines for the Protection of Human Health and Member Countries conducted routine monitoring of Aquatic Life, the water quality was still “good” with water quality in the Mekong and its tributaries at 48 only a few measurements of dissolved oxygen stations in 2015. Seventeen stations of the Water and chemical oxygen demand exceeding the Quality Monitoring Network are located on the guidelines and a small number of measurements Collecting water samples PHOTO: MRC ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DIVISION 4 Catch and Culture - Environment Volume 23, No. 3 December 2017 Water quality Water quality for the protection of aquatic life No. Station Names Rivers Countries 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 1 Houa Khong Mekong Lao PDR A A A B B B B 2 Chiang Saen Mekong Thailand B B A B B A B 3 Luang Prabang Mekong Lao PDR A B A A B B B 4 Vientiane Mekong Lao PDR A A A A B B A 5 Nakhon Phanom Mekong Thailand A B A B B A A 6 Savannakhet Mekong Lao PDR A A A A B B B 7 Khong Chiam Mekong Thailand A A A A B A A 8 Pakse Mekong Lao PDR A A A A B B B 9 Stung Treng Mekong Cambodia B B B B B B B 10 Kratie Mekong Cambodia B B B B B B B 11 Kampong Cham Mekong Cambodia B B B B B A B 12 Chrouy Changvar Mekong Cambodia B B B B B B B 13 Neak Loung Mekong Cambodia B B B B B B B 14 Krom Samnor Mekong Cambodia B B B B B B B 15 Tan Chau Mekong Viet Nam B B B B B B B 16 My Thuan Mekong Viet Nam B B B B B B B 17 My Tho Mekong Viet Nam C C C B C C C 18 Takhmao Bassac Cambodia B B B B B B B 19 Koh Khel Bassac Cambodia B B B B B B B 20 Koh Thom Bassac Cambodia B B B B B A B 21 Chau Doc Bassac Viet Nam B B B B B B B 22 Can Tho Bassac Viet Nam C C C C C B B SOURCE: MRC ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DIVISION A High B Good C Moderate D Poor E Very Poor of nitrate-nitrite and total phosphorus exceeding the Mekong, the average monthly concentration of threshold values. total suspended solids fell from about 118.7 mg/L in 2000 to about 80.2 mg/L in 2015 but was up Most of the exceedances were in the Mekong from 76.5 mg/L in 2014. Delta. All pH values recorded were well within the guidelines. Levels of electrical conductivity were There is no strong evidence of transboundary well below the lowest allowable limit, although pollution in the Lower Mekong Basin despite some it should be noted that the Mekong is generally significant differences between some pollutants characterised as a low saline river with average at stations upstream and downstream of national electrical conductivity rarely exceeding 40 mS/m. boundary areas. Maximum concentrations of pollutants at national boundary stations generally ‘There is no strong evidence do not exceed the Guidelines for the Protection of of transboundary pollution in Human Health and Aquatic Life, indicating low risk of transboundary issues. the Lower Mekong Basin’ For the protection of aquatic life, water quality Between 2000 and 2015, levels of total was mostly “good” in 2015. Of the 22 stations, phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand water quality was “high” at three stations, “good” increased while levels of nitrate-nitrite, ammonium at 18 and moderate at one (My Tho in Viet Nam). and dissolved oxygen were relatively constant. Water quality degraded slightly from 2014, with The pH levels decreased slightly during the same three stations receiving lower ratings. Elevated period but were still well within the guidelines. In phosphorus levels were the main reason for the December 2017 Catch and Culture - Environment Volume 23, No. 3 5 Water quality Water quality for the protection of human health No. Station Names Rivers Countries 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 1 Houa Khong Mekong Lao PDR A B A B B C A 2 Chiang Saen Mekong Thailand B B A B B B B 3 Luang Prabang Mekong Lao PDR A B A B A B B 4 Vientiane Mekong Lao PDR A B A B B B B 5 Nakhon Phanom Mekong Thailand B B B B B B B 6 Savannakhet Mekong Lao PDR A A A B B C B 7 Khong Chiam Mekong Thailand B B A B B B B 8 Pakse Mekong Lao PDR A A A A B A B 9 Stung Treng Mekong Cambodia A A A A A A A 10 Kratie Mekong Cambodia A A A A A A A 11 Kampong Cham Mekong Cambodia A A A A A A B 12 Chrouy Changvar Mekong Cambodia A A A A A A A 13 Neak Loung Mekong Cambodia A A A A A A B 14 Krom Samnor Mekong Cambodia A A A B A A B 15 Tan Chau Mekong Viet Nam C B B A A A A 16 My Thuan Mekong Viet Nam B C A A B A A 17 My Tho Mekong Viet Nam C C B B B B A 18 Takhmao Bassac Cambodia A A A A B C A 19 Koh Khel Bassac Cambodia A B A B B A B 20 Koh Thom Bassac Cambodia A A A B B A A 21 Chau Doc Bassac Viet Nam C C B B A A A 22 Can Tho Bassac Viet Nam B C B A A A A SOURCE: MRC ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DIVISION A Excellent (all measurements are within objectives virtually all of the time) 2015, however, the water quality did not change B Good (conditions rarely depart from desirable levels) significantly with all stations receiving ”moderate” C Moderate (conditions sometimes depart from desirable levels) to “excellent” ratings.
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