Summary of Temperature Metrics for Aquatic Invasive Fish Species in the Prairie Region
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Summary of Temperature Metrics for Aquatic Invasive Fish Species in the Prairie Region Theresa E. Mackey, Caleb T. Hasler, and Eva C. Enders Fisheries and Oceans Canada Ecosystems and Oceans Science Central and Arctic Region Freshwater Institute Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6 2019 Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 3308 1 Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Technical reports contain scientific and technical information that contributes to existing knowledge but which is not normally appropriate for primary literature. Technical reports are directed primarily toward a worldwide audience and have an international distribution. No restriction is placed on subject matter and the series reflects the broad interests and policies of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, namely, fisheries and aquatic sciences. Technical reports may be cited as full publications. The correct citation appears above the abstract of each report. 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Rapport technique canadien des sciences halieutiques et aquatiques Les rapports techniques contiennent des renseignements scientifiques et techniques qui constituent une contribution aux connaissances actuelles, mais qui ne sont pas normalement appropriés pour la publication dans un journal scientifique. Les rapports techniques sont destinés essentiellement à un public international et ils sont distribués à cet échelon. II n'y a aucune restriction quant au sujet; de fait, la série reflète la vaste gamme des intérêts et des politiques de Pêches et Océans Canada, c'est-à-dire les sciences halieutiques et aquatiques. Les rapports techniques peuvent être cités comme des publications à part entière. Le titre exact figure au-dessus du résumé de chaque rapport. Les rapports techniques sont résumés dans la base de données Résumés des sciences aquatiques et halieutiques. Les rapports techniques sont produits à l'échelon régional, mais numérotés à l'échelon national. Les demandes de rapports seront satisfaites par l'établissement auteur dont le nom figure sur la couverture et la page du titre. Les numéros 1 à 456 de cette série ont été publiés à titre de Rapports techniques de l'Office des recherches sur les pêcheries du Canada. Les numéros 457 à 714 sont parus à titre de Rapports techniques de la Direction générale de la recherche et du développement, Service des pêches et de la mer, ministère de l'Environnement. Les numéros 715 à 924 ont été publiés à titre de Rapports techniques du Service des pêches et de la mer, ministère des Pêches et de l'Environnement. Le nom actuel de la série a été établi lors de la parution du numéro 925. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 3308 2019 SUMMARY OF TEMPERATURE METRICS FOR AQUATIC INVASIVE FISH SPECIES IN THE PRAIRIE REGION by Theresa E. Mackey1, Caleb T. Hasler1, and Eva C. Enders Fisheries and Oceans Canada Ecosystems and Oceans Science Central and Arctic Region Freshwater Institute Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6 1 University of Winnipeg, Department of Biology, 515 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2E9, Canada © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2019. Cat. No. Fs97-6/3308E-PDF ISBN 978-0-660-30691-9 ISSN 1488-5379 Correct citation for this publication: Mackey, T., C.T. Hasler, and E.C. Enders. 2019. Summary of Temperature Metrics for Aquatic Invasive Fish Species in the Prairie Region. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 3308: viii + 62 p. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................. iv RÉSUMÉ ....................................................................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES........................................................................................................................ vi LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................... vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................................................................................ viii INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 1 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................ 2 Data collection ........................................................................................................................... 2 Metrics ....................................................................................................................................... 2 Data management and statistical analysis .................................................................................. 4 RESULTS ...................................................................................................................................... 4 RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES AND KNOWLEDGE GAPS ................................................. 21 CONCLUSIONS ......................................................................................................................... 21 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................ 23 APPENDIX ................................................................................................................................. 24 REFERENCES CITED IN APPENDIX ..................................................................................... 45 iii ABSTRACT Mackey, T., C.T. Hasler, and E.C. Enders. 2019. Summary of Temperature Metrics for Aquatic Invasive Fish Species in the Prairie Region. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 3308: viii + 62 p. Fish are poikilothermic meaning their internal body temperature reflects the temperature of their surrounding environment. For this reason, temperature is a strong predictor of species distribution and can be used to assess the likelihood that fish species can survive in newly invaded regions. In 2018, the Science and Research Branch of the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry compiled thermal metrics (e.g., critical thermal maximum and minimum, final temperature preferendum, and optimal spawning temperature) for numerous current and potential invasive species that could establish in the Laurentian Great Lakes region. The objective of this report was to apply a similar approach to explore the likelihood of establishment for non-native fishes that pose a risk to the Prairie region using thermal metrics. Based on a review of provincial and state agency webpages and discussion with local experts, 68 fish species were identified that either have invaded or are identified as potential invaders to the Canadian Prairie region. Thirty (44%) of the identified species are known to overwinter in the Prairie region. Therefore, the typical winter condition in the Prairie region is not a hindrance to the spread of these species throughout the region. From the thermal metrics, an additional nine species are thought to have the opportunity to establish in the Prairie region due to the ability to overwinter in the region. No temperature data were found for an additional ten species, though the majority of these species are unlikely to tolerate extreme winter conditions in the Prarie region. However, there was not sufficient data available for eleven species to assess their potential to survive winter conditions typical of the Prairie region. Given their current distribution range and habitat use, this is a knowledge gap that should be addressed to inform future risk assessments. Subsequently, several research opportunities have been identified to reduce knowledge gaps and inform risk assessments under current and warming climate regimes to predict the likelihood of species invasion and survival in the Prairie region. iv RÉSUMÉ Mackey, T., C.T. Hasler, and E.C. Enders. 2019. Summary of Temperature Metrics for Aquatic Invasive Fish Species in the Prairie Region. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 3308: viii + 62 p. Les poissons sont poikilothermiques, ce qui signifie que leur température interne du corps reflète la température de leur environnement. Pour cette raison, la température est un puissant facteur de prédiction de la distributtion des espèces et peut être utilisée pour évaluer la probabilité de survie des espèces de poissons dans les régions nouvellement envahies. En 2018, la Direction de la science et de la recherche du ministère des Richesses naturelles et des Forêts de l’Ontario a compilé des mesures thermiques (e.g., maximum et minimum thermiques critiques, température préférentielle finale, température de frai optimale) pour de nombreuses espèces envahissantes actuelles et potentielles pouvant s’établir dans la région des Grands Lacs Laurentiens. L’objectif de ce