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PESQUERÍAS CONTINENTALES DE COLOMBIA: Cuencas Del Magdalena-Cauca, Sinú, Canalete, Atrato, Orinoco, Amazonas Y Vertiente Del Pacífico

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PESQUERÍAS CONTINENTALES DE COLOMBIA: Cuencas Del Magdalena-Cauca, Sinú, Canalete, Atrato, Orinoco, Amazonas Y Vertiente Del Pacífico SERIE RECURSOS HIDROBIOLÓGICOS Y PESQUEROS CONTINENTALES DE COLOMBIA II. PESQUERÍAS CONTINENTALES DE COLOMBIA: cuencas del Magdalena-Cauca, Sinú, Canalete, Atrato, Orinoco, Amazonas y vertiente del Pacífico Carlos A. Lasso, Francisco de Paula Gutiérrez, Mónica A. Morales-Betancourt, Edwin Agudelo Córdoba, Hernando Ramírez-Gil y Rosa E. Ajiaco-Martínez (Editores) L. F. Jiménez-Segura © Instituto de Investigación de los Recursos Biológicos CITACIÓN SUGERIDA Alexander von Humboldt. 2011 Obra completa: Lasso, C. A., F. de Paula Gutiérrez, M. Los textos puedes ser citados total o parcialmente ci- A. Morales-Betancourt, E. Agudelo, H. Ramírez -Gil y R. tando la fuente. E. Ajiaco-Martínez (Editores). 2011. II. Pesquerías con- tinentales de Colombia: cuencas del Magdalena-Cauca, Contribución IAvH # 464 Sinú, Canalete, Atrato, Orinoco, Amazonas y vertiente del Pacífico. Serie Editorial Recursos Hidrobiológicos y SERIE EDITORIAL RECURSOS HIDROBIOLÓGICOS Pesqueros Continentales de Colombia. Instituto de In- Y PESQUEROS CONTINENTALES DE COLOMBIA vestigación de los Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Coordinación editorial Humboldt. Bogotá, D. C., Colombia, 304 pp. COMITÉ CIENTÍFICO EDITORIAL Carlos A. Lasso Capítulos: Ramírez-Gil, H. y R. E. Ajiaco-Martínez. Corrección y revisión de textos 2011. Diagnóstico de la pesquería en la cuenca del Ori- Carlos A. Lasso y Mónica A. Morales-Betancourt noco. Capítulo 6. Pp. 168-198. En: Lasso, C. A., F. de Pau- la Gutiérrez, M. A. Morales-Betancourt, E. Agudelo, H. Revisión científica: Mauricio Valderrama Barco Ramírez-Gil y R. E. Ajiaco-Martínez (Editores). II. Pes- querías continentales de Colombia: cuencas del Magda- Fotografías lena-Cauca, Sinú, Canalete, Atrato, Orinoco, Amazonas • Anabel Rial Bouzas (Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Venezuela) Alejandro Bastidas, Antonio Castro, Armando Ortega- y vertiente del Pacífico. Serie Editorial Recursos Hidro- • Aniello Barbarino (Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias -INIA, Lara, Banco de Imágenes Ambientales Instituto Hum- biológicos y Pesqueros Continentales de Colombia. Insti- boldt, Camilo Escallon, Camilo Rincón-López, Carlos tuto de Investigación de los Recursos Biológicos Alexan- Venezuela) A. Lasso, Carlos A. Rodríguez, Charles Brewer-Carías, der von Humboldt. Bogotá, D. C., Colombia. Claudia Sánchez, Corporación Colombia Internacional, • Antonio Machado-Allison (Universidad Central de Venezuela) Edwin Agudelo, Egor Merik Sánchez, Fernando Trujillo, • Carlos Barreto-Reyes (Instituto Colombiano de Desarrollo Rural-Incoder) Francisco Castro, Francisco Gómez, Francisco Nieto, II. Pesquerías continentales de Colombia: cuencas del Francisco Rojas, Fundación Chelonia, Fundación Tro- Magdalena-Cauca, Sinú, Canalete, Atrato, Orinoco, • Carlos A. Rodríguez Fernández (Fundación Tropenbos Colombia) Amazonas y vertiente del Pacífico / Carlos A. Lasso et( penbos Internacional Colombia, Fundación Omacha, • Célio Magalhães (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia INPA/CPBA, Brasil) Gian Carlo Sánchez-Garcés, Javier Maldonado, Joe al.). 304 pp. 16.5 x 24 cm. Pérez, Juliana Agudelo, Juliana Delgado, Giovanni Ra- • Donald Taphorn (Universidad Experimental de los Llanos-Unellez, Venezuela) mírez, Gonzalo Urrea, Instituto de Investigaciones Am- I. Autor (Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas- bientales del Pacífico, Instituto Sinchi, Lina Mesa, Luz II. Título • Edwin Agudelo-Córdoba Fernanda Jiménez-Segura, Luz Slendy Pimiento, Ma- 1. Conservación Sinchi, Colombia) nuel Merchán, Martha Gualdron, Nestor Reyes, Mauri- 2. Sostenibilidad • Fernando Trujillo (Fundación Omacha, Colombia) cio Valderrama, Mónica A. Morales-Betancourt, Patricia 3. Cuencas hidrográficas A. Obando, Patricia Tellez, Pedro René Eslava, Rafael 4. Gestión • Francisco de Paula Gutiérrez (Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Colombia) Antelo, Rocío Polanco, Rosa Elena Ajiaco, Santuario de 5. Ecosistemas Flora y Fauna Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta-SFFCGSM • Germán Galvis Vergara (Universidad Nacional de Colombia) 6. Recursos pesqueros Parque Nacional Natural, Unillanos, Yesid López. 7. Pesca comercial • Hernando Ramírez-Gil (Universidad de los Llanos-Unillanos, Colombia) Fotos portada • Hernán Ortega (Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos- UNMSM, Perú) 639.21 861 -- CDD 21 Carlos A. Lasso, Carlos A. Rodríguez, Manuel Merchán y • John Valbo Jørgensen (Departamento de Pesca y Acuicultura, FAO) Egor Merik Sánchez Registro del Catálogo Humboldt: 14903 • Josefa C. Señaris (Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Venezuela) Fotos contraportada: Fernando Trujillo • Luz F. Jiménez-Segura (Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia) Responsabilidad. Las denominaciones empleadas y Foto portada interior: Yesid López la presentación del material en esta publicación no im- • Mauricio Valderrama Barco (Fundación Humedales, Colombia) plican la expresión de opinión o juicio alguno por parte • Mario Barletta (Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brasil) Elaboración de mapas: Juliana Agudelo Torres - IAvH del Instituto de Investigación de los Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt. Así mismo, las opiniones ex- • Myriam Lugo Rugeles (Universidad Nacional de Colombia) Diseño y diagramación: Luisa Fernanda Cuervo G. presadas no representan necesariamente las decisiones • Ramiro Barriga (Instituto Politécnico de Quito, Ecuador) o políticas del Instituto, ni la citación de nombres, es- Impresión: Unión Gráfica Ltda. tadísticas pesqueras o procesos comerciales. Todos los • Ricardo Rosa (Universidade Federal de Paraiba, Brasil) aportes y opiniones expresadas son de la entera respon- Bogotá, D. C., Colombia • Ricardo Restrepo M. (Universidad Santo Tomas de Aquino - USTA , Colombia) sabilidad de los autores correspondientes. 1.000 ejemplares • Rosa E. Ajiaco-Martínez (Corporación Colombia Internacional) ISBN: 978-958-8343-62-4 C. A. Rodríguez TABLA DE CONTENIDO Presentaciones 7 Prólogo 13 Autores 17 Agradecimientos 19 Resumen ejecutivo 21 Executive summary 25 Introducción 29 1. Diagnóstico de la pesquería en la cuenca del Magdalena-Cauca 35 2. Diagnóstico de la pesquería en la cuenca del Sinú y Canalete 75 3. Diagnóstico de la pesquería en la cuenca del Atrato 103 4. Diagnóstico de la pesquería en la vertiente del Pacífico 121 5. Diagnóstico de la pesquería en la cuenca del Amazonas 143 6. Diagnóstico de la pesquería en la cuenca del Orinoco 169 Niño del Morro, ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta. Foto: A. Bastidas 7. Casos de estudio 199 G. Sánchez-Garces 7.1. Especies introducidas y trasplantadas en las pesquerías, con énfasis en las tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus y Oreochromis spp ) y las cachamas (Colossoma macropomum y Piaractus brachypomum) 201 7.2. La pesca y los recursos pesqueros en los embalses colombianos 233 7.3. Algunos aspectos relacionados con la pesca de juveniles de góbidos (Perciformes: Gobiidae) diádromos en ríos costeros de la vertiente Pacífico de PRESENTACIONES Colombia 283 Colombia no solamente es uno de los paí- tencia, de enorme relevancia en términos ses con mayor diversidad biológica del de la seguridad alimentaria de poblacio- mundo sino también una potencia hídrica, nes ribereñas. Además, son base también con una excepcional alta disponibilidad de para el desarrollo de una importante ac- agua dulce. tividad de pesca comercial de pequeñas y medianas empresas, pesca deportiva y Nuestro territorio continental está irri- recreativa. gado por algunas de las más grandes y ex- tensas cuencas hidrográficas de América Sin embargo, como nos lo confirma con da- Latina. Están la cuenca amazónica, orino- tos y cifras esta publicación, la producción quense y la del Magdalena - Cauca, la cuen- pesquera continental es objeto de sobreex- ca del Caribe y la vertiente Pacífica con sus plotación y de una suma de problemas cortos, pero caudalosos cursos fluviales. ambientales. La pesquería en la cuenca del Magdalena está en crisis, lo cual es un Esta compleja hidrogeografía explica la ri- reflejo del mal manejo de esta importante queza de recursos hidrobiológicos y la bio- cuenca. diversidad acuática continental de Colom- bia, que es la base de nuestras pesquerías Para afrontar esta problemática, al mo- continentales. mento de publicarse este trabajo, en el gobierno nacional nos encontramos rea- Las pesquerías continentales son princi- lizando un juicioso trabajo intersectorial palmente fuente para la pesca de subsis- que apunta a la consolidación de una ins- 7 II. PESQUERÍAS CONTINENTALES DE COLOMBIA PRESENTACIONES M. Morales-Betancourt titucionalidad pesquera con el ánimo de En esta perspectiva, la investigación y la articular competencias y fortalecer capa- divulgación de información básica sobre cidades. Esta tarea es liderada por la Alta los recursos hidrobiológicos y pesqueros es Consejería Presidencial para la Gestión fundamental. Este es sin duda uno de los Ambiental, Biodiversidad, Agua y Cam- aportes más relevantes de los institutos bio Climático, e involucra al Ministerio de de investigación del SINA y del Sistema de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, al Ministe- Información Ambiental. Necesitamos sóli- rio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible y das bases técnicas y científicas para orien- al Departamento Nacional de Planeación, tar la toma de decisiones y la construcción Con un aporte continuado entre los 10 y América Latina y en el 2005 la Comisión entre otras entidades. de políticas públicas. 11 millones de toneladas anuales, la pes- de Pesca Continental para América Lati- ca continental contribuye con el 8% del na (Copescal) recomendó “…que debiera Por otro lado, estamos
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