sign in sign up
<<
Home , Colorburst, Palette (computing)

Quick reference information for graphics, , 2nd Edition desktop publishing, Covers new animation, and image 3000 graphics processing on the modes, 24-bit color Commodore Amiga hardware, DOS 2.0 personal computer. Reference Card , and PAL. ) COLOR MODELS Additive Color Mixing Subtractive Color Mixing Red-Green-Blue Cube Hue-Saturation-Value Cone Cyan Value White Blue

Blue] Axis Yellow Black ~reen Axis When mixi'hgpigments, cyan, yellow, Red When mixing light, red, green, and blue and magenta are primaries. Example: are primaries. Yell ow is formed by To get blue, mix cyan and magenta. Shades of gray are on the long Cyan pigment absorbs red, magenta adding red and green, for example. diagonal between black and white. pigment absorbs green, so the only component of white light that gets re­ The Visible Electromagnetic Spectrum flected is blue. 380 420 470 495 535 575 wavelength (nanometers) 770 Hue: Color; spectral position. Often measured in degrees; red=0°, yellow=60°, magenta=300°, etc. Hue is undefined for shades of gray. (ultraviolet) Purple Violet yellowish Red (infrared) Saturation: Color purity. A highly-saturated color is nearly Blue Orange monochromatic, i.e., contains only one color from the spectrum. White, black, and shades of gray have zero saturation. Value: The darkness of a color. How much black it contain's. Ill KEYBOARD COMMANDS White has a value of one, black has a value of zero. Brush Painting Modes Page and Screen Commands While an animation is playing: ; ana, move brush along fixed axis Fl matte (brush pattern) F9 menu bar on/off r reverse animation perpendicular to its plane F2 color (solid) FlO menu bar and toolbox on/off <-(left arrow) reduce frame rate : and" like above but in large steps F3 replace I coordinates on/off ->(right arrow) increase frame rate change observer distance F4 smear S show full page space bar halt animation Ctrl lock y-axis so brush F5 shade j jump to spare page Esc stop animation movement changes only on F6 blend J copy to spare page x and z coordinates F7 cycle make stencil Perspective \ toggle angle and position F8 smooth n center page around pointer All keys are on the numeric keypad. displays ' (grave) stencil on/off Enter activate perspective mode Brush Sizing and Orientation cursor keys scroll screen . (keypad decimal) reset center Miscellaneous Commands . (period) one- brush Ctrl-cursor adjust screen position - (keypad minus) perspective fill ? show memory info box - (minus) smaller brush Ctrl-a memory check +,= larger brush Animation unshifted shifted Del pointer on/off Z stretch M call move requester 0 reset all reset axes, positions, Shift constrain tovertical or h halve left A hold down for animpaint axes to 0° and settings to 0 horizontal drawing only H double Ctrl leave trace's with line, curve, 7 rotate ... 1° - large angle * x flip top-to-bottom unshifted rectangle, circle, ellipse, and 8 rotate +1 ° + large angle y flip right-to-left 1 previous frame x polygon tools 9 set to 0° fix X axis z rotate 90 degrees.clockwise 2 next frame spacebar cancel operation X double size horizontally 3 go to frame 4 rotate -1° - large angle * Esc cancel operation Y double size vertically a (again) repeat last menu command 4 play and loop continuously y 5 rotate+ 1° + large angle o add outline to brush Help reset colors 0 and 1 to B&W 5 play animation once 6 set to 0° fix Y axis 0 remove outline from brush 6 play ping-pong 7 previous animbrush frame rotate -1 ° - large angle * Mouse Equivalents Brush Handle Placement 8 next animbrush frame z 2 rotate +1° + large angle right Alt-A. right mouse button Alt-s center brush handle (default) 3 set to 0° fix Z axis left Alt-A left mouse button Alt-x flip brush handle horizontally shifted right A-cursor move pointer Alt-y flip brush handle vertically 1 first frame (*default is 90 degrees) left A -cursor move pointer Alt-z set brush handle location 2 last frame 3 repeat last "go to" .. d continuous freehand Color 4 play in reverse continuously dotted freehand s x D filled freehand curve p call pallete requester 5 play animation once backwards Deluxe straight line v q smoothed curve { previous background color 6 not used / --..... } next background color 7 first animbrush frame Paint fill f ..(.:. fill reguester F 9 airbrush [ previous drawing color 8 last animbrush frame Toolbox ] next drawing color rectangular outline c circle outline filled rectangle ~ .ti ~ C filled circle Tab cycle colors ellipse {# w i>olygon , (comma) pick color from screen Copyright 1990 by Richard Lucas. All Rights Reserved. filled elliP.se ~~ W fillec P.OIY.Qon pick up brush b r " t text (Esc to quit) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• recall ola brush B " .. A T font reguester snap wid symmetry alig!!_grid with P.Omter ~ E8 +1 < zoom out magnify mj) [QJ > zoom in VllJIJ\" IJN undo u K clear screen/animation •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 00 UR Helvetica 24 Bold Italic Underlined Al/Styles AMIGA ABC DE FG HI J KLM NOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefg hij kl mnopq rstuvwxyz 0 11 FONTS 1234567 890 & ?! $.,;: @# /o A* ( ) { } [ ] < > = + _ - ~ ' ' \ I / Helvetica 18 Bold Italic Underlined Al= :~~!;~~~KL11N~:~sT~~:·,,abc~~:W~~op~tZ;': ABCDEFGH I JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890 &? !$ . ,;:@#-%A*(){}[] <> =+_- H''" \ I/ 1234567890 &?!$.,;: @#%"'* () {} [] < > = + _ - ...... 'II\ I/ Courier 13 Bo1d It."'1.1..ic Underlined All Str:Zes Helvetica 15 Bold !ta/le Underlined A/IS/Jiies ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdef ghi jkl..mnopqrstuvwxyz ABCDEF GH I JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuv~ 1234567890 &? ! $. ' ; : @#%A* () {} [ l <> =+ - - N ' ' "\I I 1234567890 & ? !$.,;: @#%A* ( ) {} [] < > = + - - "' ' '" \ 11 Courier 15 Bold Ital.ic Underlined ~.l.l Stv.les Helvetica 13 Bold Italic Underlined AHS!Wes ABCDEFGH I JKLMNOPQRS TUVID{YZ abcdefgh i j k lmnopqrs t uvwxy z ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuv'WXyz 1234567890 &?! $.,;: @#%"* (){} []<> =+_-~'"'\!/ 1234567890&?!$.,;:@;11% A "(){}[]<>=+_-~ ' "'\I/ Helvetica 11 Bold //,"'Iii: Underlined ~ Courier 18 Bold Ita.l.ic Under 1 ined AJJ ScvJe.s ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUWIXVZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890 8c?!$.,; : @r~r ( ){} [] < > = + _ - ~' '"\ 11 ABCD E F GH I JKLMNOPQRS TUVWXY 2 abc def g hi j k lmno pqr st u vwx y z Helveiico 9 Bold HML· Underlined ~ 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 & ? ! $ - I ; : @# %A * ( ) { } [ ] <> =+ -- ,., ' I n \ I I ~~;.Ps~~~~~~~~?:~r~~r;~}~ ~~ = + _....,' , " \ I I

Ti=s 11 Bold IWic Un.d.elliru:d ~ Times 18 Bold Italic Underlined AUSgrlt';Y ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVVi7XYZ abcdefghiJKlmnopqls~ ABCD EFG HIJKLMN 0 PQ RS TUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890 &?!$.,;:@#%" " O O [J < > = + _ - ~""\I I 1234567890 &?!$.,;:@#%A* ( ){} [1 < > = + _ - - , • "\ 11 Times 13 Bold lrnlii: Underlined ~ ABCD EFG HIJKLMNO PQRSTINWXYZ ab cdefghijklronop qrstuvwxyz Times 15 Bold ft.we Underlined AllStyles 1234567890&?!$.,;: @#%"* () {} [] < > = + - - ~ ' ' "\ 11 ABCD EFG HIJKLMN 0 PQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890 &? ! $.,;: @#3 "* ( ) { } [ ] < > = + - ~ ' ' " \ 11 Times 24 Bold Italic Underlined AllStyles - ~Th-is-p-ag-e-sh-ow-s-rep-re-se-nt-au-·ve_a_1_ ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz f~:~e~c~~~~~~~~g~~:~:'1:tii~d 11 1234567890 & ? ~$., ~: @#%/\* ( ) { } [ ] < > = + _ - "' ' ' \ I / ;~~~e~:r~;~~~~i:~~ Times are

Diamond 12 Bold Italic Underlined HI/ S'tg!es Opal 12 Bold Italic Unde.rl ined Oil Sl:Y1es ABCOEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdef ghi jklmnopqrs tuvwxyz aBCDE:rGH I JKLmNOPQRSTUVWXY Z 123--1567B9fl &?!$.,;: @t:t%"'"* < ) < > [ ] < > = + _ - ~ abcdefcrhijklmnopqrstuvwx ~z 123Ll50789~ &?!~L,; = @#%A* "'""-I/ )t}[]L::..=+_--' ' " ".. I / Ru.by 8 Bold. I-t.a.lsc Un.d.erlin.ed. AB S~y.lre-:F . d 2ia Bold "It 1· d I" d FJI IC'°#"1 ~ ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPG'IR.STUVWXYZ Dlt"~ abcd.ei.'3hijklmn.opqrstu.vwxyz 1.Z345678-90 ABCDEFGHUKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ &?!$-~;: @ux-* < :> < > [ ] < > = + - - ~ ..... ' I / • .~ f • Nf ~ ...... -•rL:-~...... Ru~· 1.7.. .Rori1d...... T.J. ,~1;.-- 11,,-.,-\Pr.:1 i..-.P.-:1 All :ot:-1-r,1~ ai:5~u~ gn... , rTlnopqr~i.U'1L1.J><~~ - IL:.J"'-t Jli'l Lr 10' ...... ABCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ - &?!$.,;: @tt%...... * ( ) { } [ ] < > ab'?d..... efghijklmnopqrst.uvwxyz 1~3~5~"!'.8q0 &?!$.,;: = + - - - ' I I I ' I / @t:t;I.. * ( ) -{ }- [ ] < > = + - - ' I / Ruby 15 Bold ItaI.ic Underlined A.I.I St.v.les eITleRald 17 60<'..d 1c:-aclc undeRlined AC'C' ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ st;;_v?es ,?J\.6coevt; h 1 JK L mNopqRs tuvrnx..y ;;<: abcde£ghijkhnnopqrsh.ivurxyz 1Z345E>7890 a6cdefthijklITlnopqRstuvru .)qi'~ 8:? !$ ... ;: @D% .... * ( ) -( )- [ 1 < > = + - - ~ ... .. I 12~+c;67Z9o ~us .. ;: a.tit%"'* ( ) { } ( ] < > 'I/ = + """' .... '- I / $ appl!fre H ~olt- :fJ''ttJ:lic Utthdhieb' .J!IJ'J' §fg/'1~ ~~~~~~~~$~~mN~~~~$~U~WN~Z emeRald 20 bold rc:abc undeRlined A.C'C' abthf ,gl!t jktmng pqt"z tuttwxgz t2345o78:9C a.,?!.$',,;: s<;yt!es -"6coev9h1fkLmNopqRstmJrn @#% "'* C ) < > [ l < > = + - "" ' ' " '- I / x.y-;z: a6cde~bhijKl mnopqRstm.lrn_)q£ :z $Rpphirr 19 ;&lb .fiN.lir :Unbrrlinrb £111 s_~ 1z~+c;67890 ecus.,;: a.tit%"'* ( ) { } [ ] < ~m~m~y~~~,~~WN©~~~$>~~~W~!JZ >=+ -"""'"'"'-I/ Rbt brfghi jklmnopqrstulttuxyz 1234567890 9Rr-net 9 '13orcir Ita.J"ic: Under-fined ~?~$.,;: @#%.... * ( ) -c > [ ] < > = + - - ~ ( :A. ':BCDEF9J-t.IJX LMJ'4,0PQ'R STUV"V\7X\JZ RE>cdef0nijl'Ht'nnopq,r-stuv..,..,.;yz 1234567890 &'??$ •• ;: '""I/ @#%" * ( ) { } [ ] < > = + - - - • • ,, ' I / Topaz 8 Bold I~~Izc Underlined All Sivie~ ABCDEFGHIJHLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdeCghijklMnopq;rstuvwxyz gar-net 16 'BoW ;lt":Jfk t.inder-Cm.ed 'APS+s 1234567898 &?!$.,;: @BY."'* <> <> [] <> = + _ - - • ' - 'I/ :A.:B(JJEFGH.'.JjJ(fJvf}(OPQRSTUVv\.~~Z Topaz 9 Bold It~Izc Und~Plin~d All S¢vle~ ABCDEFGHIJHLMNOPQRSTUVWXVZ abcde[ti i::;:ijkCtnn.op'JY-St\W-WX1jZ 123456789@ &?!$.';: abcde~ghijklMnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890 &?!$.,;: @#X * C ) { } [ ] < > = + _ - - .. ' n '- I / @tt Y.A* () < > [ 1 < > = + - - - • • .. ' I / Opal 9 Bold Ira/Jc Unda.rlina.d a// Sfvlas Topaz 11 Bold Italic llnderl ined All [fule'£ QBCD8PGHI..JKUllNOPG!RSTUVWX VZ abcda.f3hi jkl mnop_srstuvwx;:,iz ABCDEFGHIJHLMNOPQRSTU'V'HXY2 abcdefgh i JI< lMnopqrs: tuvwxyz 123"1567890 &?!~~-,;: @:1:1:% A* ( ) {} [ J L "'- = + - - ' ' " " I / 1234567898 &?TS .• ;: @DY."'* () {} [] <> = .. - "" •• II 'I/

6 Points ------hairline 7 Points 1 point 8 Points 24 Points ------2 points 9 Points 20 Points 3 points 10 Points 12 Points 18 Points ------4 points 100% 87% 73% 60% 47% 33% 20% 7% One inch equals 72 points. 14 Points 16 Points Halftones Amiga Graphics Reference Card. A Visual Media Tool™ from VIDIA. Copyright 1990 by Richard Lucas. All Rights Reserved. I I I I N Vl 6 o- 0 Vl 0 0 0 -0 NTSC Non-Interlaced 0 Screen Ruler SCREEN MEMORY REQUIRED (Bytes) OVERSCAN DISPLA V SIZES

Standard NTSC Amiga DOS 1.3 NTSC Overscan

# of lores hires super superhires non- interlace interlace / it # of lores interlace hires interlace hires interlace l ores hires lores h ires planes colors 320x200 320x400 640x200 640x400 1280x200 1280x400 standard screen 320x200 640x200 320x400 640x400 1 2 8 ,000 16,000 16,000 32 , 000 32,000 64 ,000 Aegis medium 352x220 704x220 352x440 704x440 2 16 , 000 32,000 32,000 64,000 64,000 128,000 Aegis severe 384x240 768x240 384x480 768x480 ~- 3 24,000 48,000 48,000 96,000 Deluxe Paint III 352x240 704x240 352x480 704x480 4 16 32 , 000 64 , 000 64,000 128,000 64 - 64 - Art Department 368x240 736x240 368x480 736x480 5 32 40,000 80,000 n/a n/a color color New Tek #1 352x240 704x240 352x480 704x480 EHB 64 48,000 96,000 n/a n/a palette palette New Tek #2 384x240 768x240 384x480 768x480 HAM 4096 48,000 96 , 000 n/a n/a Amiga DOS 1.3 PAL Overscan Standard PAL non-interlace interlace # of lores hires super superhires lores hires lores hires bit # of lores interlace hires interlace hires interlace planes colors 320x256 320x512 640x256 640x512 1280x256 1280x512 standard screen 320x256 640x256 320x512 640x512 Aegis medium 352x276 704x276 352x552 704x552 1 2 10,240 20,480 20,480 40,960 40,960 81,920 Aegis severe 384x300 768x300 384x600 768x600 2 20,480 40,960 40,960 81,920 81,920 163,840 Deluxe Paint III 352x290 704x290 352x580 704x580 3 30,720 61,440 61,440 122,880 Art Department 368x296 736x296 368x592 736x592 -8- 4 16 40,960 81, 920 81,920 163,840 64- 64 - 5 32 51,200 102,400 n/a n/a color color Amiga DOS 2.0 Standard Overscan EHB 64 61,440 122,880 n/a n/a palette palette HAM 4096 61,440 122,880 n/a n/a Text All displayed data appears within visible area. Lores Standard Border begins just beyond monitor edge. Most Screen 31.5 KHz Modes efficient borderless overscan. Ruler Video Bleeds past monitor edges enough that borders will non- interlaced interlaced never show on videotape. # of extra produc- extra produc- Max Maximum possible overscan. Reflects hardware # of lores lores tivity lores lores tivity bit limitations. planes colors 160x480 320x480 640x480 160x960 320x960 640x960 Applications written for 2.0 should alk>w you to specify the type 1 2 9,600 19,200 38,400 19,200 38,400 76,800 Vl- 2 19,200 38,400 76,800 38,400 76,800 153,600 of overscan you want, rather than making you wonder about -0 3 28,800 57,600 n/a 57,600 115, 200 n/a exact pixel counts. Standard overscan sizes may change with 16 38 ,400 76,800 n/a 76,800 153,600 n/a future upgrades in software or hardware. 5 32 48,000 n/a n/a 96,000 n/a n/a

palette 4096 4096 64 4096 4096 64 PAINT PROGRAM PAGE SIZES IFF FILE SIZES (Rules of Thumb) Program minimum ma x imum When you save a picture from a paint program, the software creates a file that is Deluxe Paint III 320x200 * smaller than the memory required to display it. The degree of compression depends on Deluxe Paint II 320x200 1008x 1024 the complexity of the image. Photon Paint 2 320x200 352x480 screen size and number of colors Digi-Paint 3 32x20** 1024x1024 8- picture 320x200 320x200 640x400 640x400 320x200 Deluxe Photo Lab 320x150 33072x32938*** density 16 32 2 16 HAM Express Paint 320x200 limited by memory * Depends on version. 3.01 can create pages up to 1008x1008, and empty 6.0% 5.9% 3.4% 2.8% 5.2% sometimes edit larger files. 3.14 is limited by chip RAM, and has line drawing 20% 15% 30% 20% 20% no discernible fixed limits. painting 55% 60% 55% 65% ** Yes, the page can really be this small. dense painting 85% 85% 85% 95% ***Images this size won't fit in memory, but width or height may digitized 80% 90% 80% 90 % be specified up to the limits listed. (i.e., you can create a very tall or very wide picture.) This data is empirical. Any image can easily be 10% larger or smaller than the table indicates. Simple pictures will be smaller, complex pictures larger. To calculate the With 9 MB of RAM, maximum possible square page is about disk space needed, look up the memory size for the picture in the "SCREEN MEMORY 8000x8000 in two colors. REQUIRED" table, and multiply it by the corresponding compression factor. Example: A 320x200, greyscale, digitized picture with 16 shades of grey requires 32,000 bytes of Copyright 1990 by Richard Lucas. All Rights Reserved. This document may not, in chip RAM to display. When saved to disk, the file should 80% of 32,000, or 25,600 whole or in part, be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, or reduced to any electronic or machine bytes (on average). Since an Amiga disk can store 857,904 bytes, you can store about 33 readab le form, without prior consent , in wri ting, from the author. of these pictures on a single disk. DISCLAIMER Every effort has been made to make this product accurate and complete. However, thi s infonnation is pro­ A very simple rule of thumb is: The better a digitized picture looks, the more space vided "as is", without any warranty of any kind, express or implied. In no event will Vidia, its affiliated it occupies. Note also that in cases where a picture is very finely detailed, it is possible companies, its employees, or the author be liabl e for any damages. direct, indirect, incidental or consequen­ tial, resu lting from any use of thi s information, even if Vidia or the author has been advised of the possibi!M for its IFF file to be larger than the memory needed to display it. ity of such damages. This disclaimer shall supersede any verbal or written statement to the contrary.

AMIGA is a registered trademark of Commodore-Amiga Inc. VIDIA, the filmstrip logo, the distinctive let­ ter shapes of the I, D, and A characters in the Vidia logo, and "Visual Media Tools" are trademarks of Vidia . Deluxe Paint III and Deluxe Photo Lab are trademarks of Electronic Arts. Digi-Paint 3 and Video Toaster •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• are trademarks of New Tek Inc. Photon Paint is a trademark of Microillusions. Express Paint is a trade­ mark of Oxxi. DCTV is a trademark of Digital Creations. Firecracker 24 is a trademark of Impulse. ; Vlf)IAM Please send comments to: VIDIA, P.O. Box 1180, Manhattan Beach, CA 90266. •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• First edition May 1990. Second edition November 1990 . PAL Non-Interlaced

N N Screen Ruler Vl 0 I 9 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 in in 0 in 0 0 0 8 N N ~ '