DOCSLIB.ORG

Wright Flyer Here You’Ll Learn About the Creation and Development of the Wright Flyer Built by Orville (Left) and Wilbur (Right) Wright!

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Wright Flyer Here You’Ll Learn About the Creation and Development of the Wright Flyer Built by Orville (Left) and Wilbur (Right) Wright! Wright Flyer Here you’ll learn about the creation and development of the Wright Flyer built by Orville (left) and Wilbur (right) Wright! Beginning: The Wright brothers became interested in flight when their parents gave them a toy helicopter model in 1878. The brothers played and experimented with the helicopter and eventually built their own larger versions. The Wright brothers also experimented with kites to better understand flight. Eventually, the brothers became inspired by glider pioneer, Otto Lilienthal, and decided to build their own aircraft. The brothers contacted the Smithsonian and asked for any aeronautical research it could offer to them. Soon the brothers began building and designing. Bicycles: The brothers opened a bicycle shop in Dayton, Ohio in the 1890s. In 1895, the brothers began designing their own bicycles. In 1897, the Wright brothers moved their bicycle shop to 1127 West Third Street. This is where they would begin building and experimenting with aircraft. Working with bicycles taught the brothers about steering, balance and control. They also realized the important of lightweight structures. These ideas would help them build the Wright Flyer. The Aircraft : The Wright Flyer is a biplane with one 12-horsepower Wright horizontal four-cylinder engine. This engine drives two pusher propellers using a sprocket-and-chain transmission system. The Wright Flyer has no wheels, instead its uses skids for landing. The Flyer’s wings are covered in a natural colored fabric. There was no sealant or paint used on the Flyer. The Flyer’s frame is made of wood and weighs 605 lbs. The Flyer is 9ft 4 inches tall and 21 ft 1 inch wide with a wingspan of 40 ft 2 inches. Flight: Eventually, the brothers experimented with full-sized, man- carrying gliders. The brothers also investigated the effects of wing- warping, climb, and descent. Finally, after years of tinkering, the brothers were ready to test the 1903 Wright Flyer in Kitty Hawk, NC. On December 17, 1903 the Wright brothers made four test flights. The Flyer took off for its first flight with Orville at the controls. Orville flew the Flyer 120 feet in 12 seconds. On the fourth flight, after 59 seconds, Wilbur landed the Flyer 852 feet from the starting point. The brothers had achieved the world’s first successful flight of a controlled, sustained flight of a powered flying machine. 1 Source Link: https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/1903-wright-flyer/nasm_A19610048000 Build the Wright Flyer! Description We just learned about the Wright Flyer and now you are going to build your own! Note: this model is not meant for flying. Materials • Foam plates/trays, or cardboard • 40-50 toothpicks • 2 popsicle sticks • Hot glue gun (ask for parent’s help!) • Scissors • Black marker • Ruler • Balsa wood, straws, (or any other material) • Clear plastic sheet or piece of paper • Printed 1903 Flyer Template: https://wright.nasa.gov/ROGER/1903_template.pdf • Printed 1903 Skids Template: https://wright.nasa.gov/ROGER/1903skidsprop.PDF • Source Link: https://wright.nasa.gov/ROGER/1903model.htm Time: 60 min Instructions 1. Print the templates (links provided above) 2. Using the 1903 Flyer Template, trace these shapes onto your carboard or foam plates/trays 3. Use scissors to cut out the template shapes from the 1903 Flyer Template 2 4. Using a marker, ruler, and the 1903 Flyer Template as a guide, mark the location of the rib lines (shown on the template) on the tops and bottoms of each wing and elevator. 5. Glue the wings together as shown. You should end up with 2 sets of wings. A lower wing and an upper wing. 6. Using the 1903 Flyer Template and toothpicks, mark the holes on the top surface of the lower wing. Dip the toothpicks into glue and set them in the holes you’ve just made. Do not push them too hard or you will poke a hole all the way through your wing. Let the glue dry. 3 7. Now turn the lower wing upside down and insert the toothpicks into the underside of the upper wing. Use glue to help hold the toothpicks in place. Do not push too hard or you will poke a hole in your wing. 8. Cut 8 toothpicks in half. Ask for parent’s help. Using the 1903 Flyer Template, mark the location of the rib lines (shown on the template) on the tops and bottoms of both elevators. Mark the spots for the holes. 9. Glue the toothpicks into the holes. Let dry. 4 10. Attach the top elevator to the bottom one using glue. 11. Build the Skids – Using Balsa wood, a straw (or other material), toothpicks, and glue, create the skids. 12. Connect your chosen materials using the glue to fit the shape of the skids on the 1903 Skids Template. Only create “A” and “B”. “B” should be made with toothpicks, “A” can be made using Balsa wood, a straw (or other material). Repeat these steps to create the second skid. 13. Turn the elevator assembly over and poke a hole through the lower elevator midway between the front and rear spars of the pairs next to the center pair of spars. Push the top of the skid through the hole you just made. Add glue as needed. Next, stick the skid into the upper elevator. Repeat with the second skid as shown. 5 14. With parent’s help, using a ruler and scissors, cut the pointed ends off three toothpicks so that they are 4.5 cm in length and place them as cross-braces across the skids as shown, one at the right angle (base), one at 7 cm from the right angle, and one at 9 cm. 15. Complete your skids by making “E”, “F”, and “G” – With parent’s help, use the 1903 Skids Template, a ruler, and scissors to cut 2 toothpicks to a length of 3 cm. Glue them to the skid as shown on the template for "E" and "F", pointed ends up. Now measure and cut another toothpick as the rear brace "G" and glue it in place. Repeat this step for the second skid. 16. Using the 1903 Skid Template, with parent’s help, cut 2 braces (using Balsa wood, a straw, or other material) to create "C" to go from rear skid support up to elevator support. Glue them in place. 6 17. Turn the wing assembly over and press the skid assembly into the center of the lower wing. Attach the skids to the bottoms of the wings and elevators. Do not push them too hard or you will poke a hole. Add glue to secure where needed. 18. Using the 1903 Skid Template, with parent’s help, cut 2 braces (using Balsa wood, a straw, or other material) to create "D". Cut two pieces at 10cm in length each. Glue one end under the leading edge of the upper wing between the center and next-to-center toothpick and then glue the other end to the bottom skid. Repeat on the other side of the skid. 19. Create the rudder - Using the 1903 Skid Template, with parent’s help, cut Six 2 cm. rudder braces. Cut them from three toothpicks as shown. 7 20. Dip the braces in glue, insert them into the rudder and then turn the assembly over and insert it into the other rudder. Add more glue to help secure. To attach the rudder to the flyer, make two sets of V-shaped braces by gluing together two toothpicks. Glue the V-shaped braces to the rudders. Once the glue is set, turn this over and glue on the other brace. 21. Stick the upper brace ends into the rear edge of the upper wing and add glue as needed to secure. Glue the ends of the lower brace to the rear of the skid so that the rudder is vertical. 22. Create the propeller supports - Using the 1903 Skid Template, with parent’s help, cut 2 braces (using Balsa wood, a straw, or other material) to create the propeller supports. Cut 5 toothpicks for each. Try to keep the assembly flat as it is glued. 8 23. When dry, glue each propeller support to the lower wing 5.5 cm. from the center, in line with the back struts. Turn the Flyer over and glue to the top wing so that the support is vertical. Add extra hot glue where needed to secure. 24. Create the engine - With parent’s help, cut 2 small rectangle using foam or other material to measure 2cm x 3 cm. Glue these together along the long edge. Next, cut another rectangle to the size of 1cm x 3 cm. Glue this to the top of the other two larger rectangles. Finally, trace a penny or dime to create a small circle. Glue the circle to the front end of the rectangles you just created. Finally glue the engine to onto the lower wing just to the right of the center line. 25. Create the propeller - Using a ruler and scissors, trace and cut two 7.2 cm. circles out of clear plastic or piece of paper. Make a small hole in the center of each circle with a toothpick. 9 26. With parent’s help, cut a thin craft stick or Popsicle stick to match the diameter of the plastic circle. With parent’s help, poke a hole in the center of the craft stick or popsicle stick. Make two of these. Mount the plastic circle and then the propeller on the end of the propeller support and add glue.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Wright Stuff
    1203cent.qxd 11/13/03 2:19 PM Page 1 n a chilly North Carolina edge. It is likely that this informa- Omorning 100 years ago, two tion became the basis for the design brothers from Dayton, Ohio, at- of their early gliders. It also led them tempted a feat others considered im- to contact Octave Chanute, an possible, and their success changed American engineer who was the world. leading the way for experiments in Today we take air travel for aeronautics. granted, and rarely give a second thought to our capability to fly liter- Three problems ally anywhere in the world. But one The Wrights realized from the be- hundred years ago, the endeavors ginning that they had to solve three of the Wrights and other aeronau- problems: tical pioneers were widely viewed • Balance and control. as foolhardy. Although some of the THE WRIGHT • Wing shape and resulting lift. world’s most creative minds were • Application of power to the converging on a solution to the flight structure. problem, well-respected scientists STUFF: Of the three, they correctly recog- such as Lord Kelvin thought flight Materials in the Wright Flyer nized that balance and control were impossible. the least understood and probably In fact, Simon Newcomb, pro- The flight of the Wright Flyer was the most critical. To solve that fessor of mathematics and as- the “first in the history of the world problem, they turned to gliding ex- tronomy at Johns Hopkins Univer- periments. sity and vice-president of the in which a machine carrying a man National Academy of Sciences, had had raised itself by its own power The 1900 glider declared only 18 months before the into the air in full flight, had sailed After a few preliminary experi- successful flight at Kitty Hawk, forward without reduction of speed, ments with small kites, they built “Flight by machines heavier than air and had finally landed at a point as their first glider in 1900.
    [Show full text]
  • The Wright Brothers Played with As Small Boys
    1878 1892 The Flying Toy: A small toy “helicopter”— made of wood with two twisted rubber bands to turn a small propeller—that the Wright brothers played with as small boys. The Bicycle Business: The Wright brothers opened a bicycle store in 1892. Their 1900 experience with bicycles aided them in their The Wright Way: investigations of flight. The Process of Invention The Search for Control: From their observations of how buzzards kept their balance, the Wright brothers began their aeronautical research in 1899 with a kite/glider. In 1900, they built their first glider designed to carry a pilot. Wilbur and Orville Wright Inventors Wilbur and Orville Wright placed their names firmly in the hall of great 1901 American inventors with the creation of the world’s first successful powered, heavier-than-air machine to achieve controlled, sustained flight Ohio with a pilot aboard. The age of powered flight began with the Wright 1903 Flyer on December 17, 1903, at Kill Devil Hills, NC. The Wright brothers began serious experimentation in aeronautics in 1899 and perfected a controllable craft by 1905. In six years, the Wrights had used remarkable creativity and originality to provide technical solutions, practical mechanical Birthplace design tools, and essential components that resulted in a profitable aircraft. They did much more than simply get a flying machine off the ground. They established the fundamental principles of aircraft design and engineering in place today. In 1908 and 1909, they demonstrated their flying machine pub- licly in the United States and Europe. By 1910, the Wright Company was of Aviation manufacturing airplanes for sale.
    [Show full text]
  • Restoration, Preservation, and Conservation of the 1905 Wright Flyer III
    Jeanne Palermo Restoration, Preservation, and Conservation of the 1905 Wright Flyer III he 1905 Wright Flyer III at museum village which he proceeded to build and Carillon Historical Park in endow. A major theme of the museum would be Dayton, Ohio, is one of the most transportation: how it changed Dayton, and how significant aircraft in the history Dayton changed transportation. Deeds’ desire to of aviation.T This relatively unknown airplane is include a Wright airplane in his museum led to called the world’s first practical airplane because, the restoration of the 1905 Wright Flyer III. with this aircraft, the Wright brothers solved all Initially, Deeds expected to construct a the remaining problems of sustained and con- replica of the 1903 “Kitty Hawk” Flyer. It was trolled flight. The 1905 Wright Flyer III is also the Orville Wright who felt that enough parts of the first plane ever to carry a passenger. 1905 machine existed to do a restoration. Wright History himself was in possession of the engine, propellers, Following their first flights at Kitty Hawk, and metal chain guides that the Wrights had North Carolina, in December 1903, Wilbur and brought back to their shop in Dayton. The frame Orville Wright returned home to Dayton for had been left in a shed at Kitty Hawk following Christmas knowing that, while they had suc- the plane’s final flights in 1908. That May, the ceeded in their dream of flying, much work plane had been refitted from its original configu- remained to make flying practical. The 1903 ration with a pilot prone on the lower wing, to Wright Flyer flew four relatively short, straight- two upright seats for a pilot and passenger.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Wright Brothers' Flight Path
    Discovery Guide Propellers Elevators in the back in the front Be a “Plane Clothes” Detective On the Wright brothers’ Rudder Wings Flight Path Did you know that? ★ All the Wright airplanes are ★ The 1909 Wright Military Flyer covered with cotton fabric called was flight tested at Fort Myer in muslin (the “plane clothes”). Arlington, Virginia. ★ Many of the silver parts of the ★ When the elevators are in front of Wright airplanes are wood the wings, it is called a canard painted with a mixture of shellac configuration. and aluminum. ★ The Wright brothers’ patent was ★ All Wright airplanes use a chain­ for the 1902 glider, not a and-sprocket transmission to powered airplane. link the engine and the ★ The 1911 Wright EX Vin Fiz was propellers. the first to fly across the United ★ The first powered, heavier-than­ States. It took 49 days. air, sustained flights with a pilot were made on December 17, Learn more about the Wright brothers 1903, by Orville and Wilbur on the Museum’s web site, Wright. www.nasm.si.edu/wrightbrothers Be on the look out for Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum Propellers ★ Tails ★ Wings The Wright Brothers & the Invention of the Aerial Age exhibition is made possible through the generous support of Alcoa. Additional support has been provided by The Alvin, Lottie and Rachel Gray Fund, Fred and Barbara Telling, SI National Board, Fish & Neave, The Gayle H. and Peter Bickers Foundation, The Funger Foundation, Inc., (But don’t be surprised if the propellers are in the back!) NormaLee and Morton Funger, Daniel Greenberg, Susan Steinhauser and the Greenberg Foundation, Leighton and Carol Read, Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • THE WRIGHT BROTHERS A. Define, Describe, Or Identify
    THE WRIGHT BROTHERS A. Define, Describe, or Identify: 1. Strut – a vertical post. (p. 32) 2. Bracing – support. (p. 32) 3. Warp – twist. (p. 32) 4. Lateral – sideways. (p. 33) 5. Pitch – movement up or down. (p. 33) 6. Elevator – a movable, horizontal surface that controls motion up and down. (p. 33) 7. Canard configuration – an elevator that sits in front of the wings. (p. 33) 8. Airfoil – a wing’s profile. (p. 34) 9. Center of pressure – the focal point of lift. (p. 34) 10. Angle of attack – the angle between the relative wind and the airfoil. (p. 36) 11. Relative wind – the flow of air. (p. 36) 12. Spars – the main, lengthwise pieces of the wing. (p. 38) 13. Ribs – parts that give shape to the wings. (p. 38) 14. Skids – long, thin runners, like a pair of skis. (p. 39) 15. Yaw – a sideways movement. (p. 39) 16. Bid – an offer or proposal with a price attached. (p. 41) B. Multiple Choice: Circle the letter that provides the best answer. 1. Which was not a factor in the Wright brothers’ success? a. Their ability to learn from the experiences of others. b. Their abilities as creative problem solvers. c. Their artistic temperament kept their associates on their toes.* (p. 30) d. Their patience. 2. In striving to solve the problem of flight, the Wright brothers’ approach was to: a. Focus on the problem of power first, and then turn to control. b. Focus on control first, and then turn to power.* (p. 31) c. Have Orville focus on power and have Wilbur focus on control.
    [Show full text]
  • View for Terrain Images, Not Used for Its Own and Relied on a Set of Flight-Con- Tion Camera Tracks Visual Features on the Navigate in Complex Terrain
    GENERAL POSS: TO SWARM, BEYOND AG/MINING P.10 OR NOT TO SWARM P.16 TAKES OFF P.58 USE CASES inside June/July 2021 unmanned systems INSIDE ENGINEERING, POLICY AND PRACTICE InsideUnmannedSystems.com SPECIAL COLLABORATION ISSUE JPL AND AEROVIRONMENT MARSon SUCCEED AT SMART COLLABORATION PUBLISHED BY AUTONOMOUS MEDIA, LLC COLLABORATION Mars Helicopter Project INSIDE THE INGENUITY HELICOPTER: Teamwork on Mars pril 19th saw what some have punching above your weight. The Mars Helicopter christened “a second Wright “Now that Ingenuity is actually flying at Project, a.k.a. A Brothers moment”—namely, the Mars, we can begin to assess how things Ingenuity, lifts off successful first powered controlled flight stack up against expectations,” noted Håvard from the Martian by an aircraft on another world. Reaching Grip, Mars helicopter chief pilot for NASA’s surface, near the Perseverance rover. Mars on the underside of the Perseverance Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). rover, the tiny, autonomous Mars Ingenuity Ingenuity represents the years-long Helicopter (5.4" x 7.7" x 6.4") spun its 4-foot collaboration between NASA/JPL, ma- rotors and hovered 10 feet off the ground jor unmanned systems manufacturer for 30 seconds. By its third flight, a few AeroVironment and a bevy of other compa- days later, Ingenuity would rise 16 feet (5 nies. The articles that follow chronicle how meters) up, and fly 164 feet (50 meters) at JPL created the craft’s unique navigation sys- a top speed of 6.6 ft/sec (2 m/sec). Back in tem and how AeroVironment’s engineering 1903, the Wright Brothers logged 120 feet team stepped up in the electrical, mechani- to complete the first controlled heavier- cal, systems and vehicle flight control areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Flight Testing Simulations of the Wright 1902 Glider and 1903 Flyer
    FLIGHT TESTING SIMULATIONS OF THE WRIGHT 1902 GLIDER AND 1903 FLYER Ben Lawrence Gareth D Padfield Ph.D Research Student Professor of Aerospace Engineering Department of Engineering Department of Engineering University of Liverpool, UK University of Liverpool, UK [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT It was the Wright Brothers who successfully used the process and discipline of flight-test one hundred years ago. Annual flight test campaigns in the years 1900- 1905 clearly show how the Wright brothers used flight-testing to assess the performance, analyse the flight dynamics and propose improvements to their aircraft designs. This paper will present an analysis of the 1902 Glider first flight- tested in the fall of 1902 and the 1903 Flyer first flight-tested on December 17th 1903. Results will be taken from a research project underway at the University of Liverpool where the technical achievements of the Wright Brothers in the period 1900-1905 are being assessed using modern analytical and experimental methods. Results from piloted handling tests conducted on the Liverpool Flight Simulator, featuring six motion axes and six visual channels will be presented. The results show how the simulation trials were treated with a contemporary approach in terms setting handling qualities requirements and assessing the aircraft in a predefined ‘role’. Investigations have been made into the different types flown in 1902-1905 and variations on those, including some ‘what if’ configurations. One example is the critical innovation of 3-axis flight control, a direct result of flight-test. In conclusion the paper will present how the Wrights understood the importance of flight control and pilot skill and how both were developed through a controlled and systematic programme of flight-test.
    [Show full text]
  • Model Airways Wright Flyer Instruction Manual
    INSTRUCTION MANUAL TTHEHE FFIRSTIRST AAIRPLANEIRPLANE TTHEHE WWRIGHTRIGHT FFLYERLYER !! 19031903 !! INSTRUCTION MANUAL PREPARED BY DR. DAVID G. ULLMAN AND KENNETH H. GOLDMAN 2003 Technical Characteristics SCALE: 1:16 WINGSPAN: 30-1/4" (768 mm) LENGTH: 15" (382 mm) Manufactured by Model Airways A Division of Model Shipways, Inc., Hollywood, FL Sold & distributed by Model Expo • www.modelexpo-online.com Model Airways Kit No. MA1020 HISTORY On December 17 1903 at 10:35 designed the first practical a.m. Orville Wright accomplished propeller. Additionally, they had the first manned, controlled, designed and built an engine powered flight in the airplane powerful enough, yet light that is now known as the “Wright enough to be used in an airplane. Flyer.” The flight lasted about 12 seconds and the plane traveled an The Flyer had a wingspan of estimated 120 feet. Later that day 12.3m (40’ 4” ) and a length of at Kitty Hawk North Carolina, on 6.1m (20’ 1”) and weighed 625lb the forth flight; Wilbur flew 852 (283 kg) with pilot. It was pow- feet in 59 sec. During celebra- ered by an engine designed by the tions after the forth flight the Wright Brothers and their wind turned the Flyer over and it machinist assistant Charlie never flew again. Taylor. The engine produced 16 hp (12 watts) and weighed 150lbs These flights were the result of (68 kg). The pilot controlled the four years of one of the greatest elevator with his left hand, the engineering feats of all time. The fuel flow to the engine with his brothers used their free time right, and executed turns by from the bicycle business to study moving his hips left and right.
    [Show full text]
  • The Historic “Aerodrome A”
    Politically Incorrect The Flights and Fights Involving the Langley Aerodrome By Nick Engler As morning dawned on 28 May 1914, the “Aerodrome A” perched like a giant dragonfly on the edge of Lake Keuka, surrounded by journalists, photographers, even a videographer. Members of the scientific elite and Washington DC power structure were also there, among them Charles Doolittle Walcott, the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, and Albert Zahm, the director of the recently reopened Langley Aerodynamical Laboratory. They carefully spun the event for the media, explaining why they were attempting to fly the infamous Langley Aerodrome eleven years after two highly-publicized, unsuccessful, and nearly- catastrophic launch attempts. A cool breeze blew down the lake, gently rocking the four tandem wings that sprouted from the Aerodrome’s central framework. It was time to go. As the sun crept higher in the sky the winds would kick up. With a pronounced 12-degree dihedral between the pairs of 22-foot wings, even a modest crosswind could flip the old aircraft if it got under a wing. Workmen from the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company of Hammondsport, New York lined up along the pontoons and outriggers recently added to the airframe. They lifted the half-ton aircraft a foot or so above the ramp, duck-walked it into the water and turned it into the wind. 1 Glenn Curtiss waded out, stepped onto the braces between the forward pontoons and climbed into the nacelle that hung beneath the framework. He settled into the cockpit and tested the familiar Curtiss controls – wheel, post and shoulder yoke borrowed from one of his early pushers.1 This system had replaced the dual trim wheels that had steered the original Aerodrome.
    [Show full text]
  • THE WRIGHT BROTHERS from Bicycles to Airplanes
    THE WRIGHT BROTHERS from Bicycles to Airplanes Civil Air Patrol, the Official Auxiliary of the United States Air Force Where Imagination Takes Flight! A single copy of this publication may be ordered from: HQ CAP/ET MAXWELL AFB, AL 36112-6332 THE WRIGHT BROTHERS from Bicycles to Airplanes Edited by Judy Stone Layout and Graphics by Peggy Greenlee Published September 2002 by National Headquarters Civil Air Patrol Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama i TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Contents.............................................................................................................................................. ii 2. Acknowledgments............................................................................................................................... iv 3. Introduction......................................................................................................................................... 1 4. Teaching Tips...................................................................................................................................... 2 5. Student Record Sheet......................................................................................................................... 4 6. Wright Brothers Background Information............................................................................................ 5 7. Task #1 - Art + Teacher Lesson Plan.......................................................................................................... 13 + Student Information............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Flight Handling Qualities of the Wright Brothers 1905 Flyer III
    Flight Handling Qualities of the Wright Brothers 1905 Flyer III Ben Lawrence * and Gareth D Padfield.† Flight Science & Technology, Department of Engineering, University of Liverpool, UK The success of the first powered, controlled flights at Kitty Hawk on December 17th 1903 was a breakthrough in aviation, substantiating the Wright Brothers’ research and design concepts. However, there was still much work to be done to improve the flying qualities of their aircraft to a standard suitable to be marketed to the world. The years 1903-05 represent this period where the Wrights evolved the design of their powered aircraft, culminating in 1905 with the Flyer III in which they were able fly significant cross country distances. The 1905 Flyer III was the Wrights first true practical design, flying 38km in 38 minutes - this was to be their last flight for nearly two years whilst they tried to sell their invention to the governments of the Europe and the United States. This paper reflects on that engineering challenge faced by the Wright Brothers and reports on recent research that analyzed the Wright aircraft using modern flight science techniques. This paper reports the challenges involved in developing simulation models of the Wright 1902 Glider and the 1903/04 and 1905 powered aircraft and assessing them in real time piloted simulation. This paper will focus specifically on the 1905 machine and uses results from wind tunnel tests, computational flight dynamics analysis and piloted simulation trials to look back at the evolution of the Wrights’ designs 1902-1905. The critical innovation of flight-control and its effect on the handling qualities of the aircraft is an area, where the Wright brothers, devoid of any stability theory, strove to overcome the pitch and roll instability of their canard- configured biplane aircraft.
    [Show full text]
  • Dayton Aviation Heritage
    Dayton Aviation Heritage . -. ■■"■ ■■.^ ;:■■ - ^.v,;: ■ ■'. '■ I'-' f ■ ■■ ■ ■ ■ iSSs'lj: The brothers taking a break at Huffman Prairie Flying Held in 1904. ...the world's first On December 17,1903, the Wright Flyer became the first power-driven heavier-than-air successful airplane machine to achieve free, controlled and sustained flight. Orville Wright, the first to pilot flew in 1903? the craft, flew 120 feet in 12 seconds. Three other flights were made that day. Wilbur Wright piloted the aircraft for a fourth time for a distance of 852 feet, 59 seconds. All were straight flights with no turns. The brothers did not make a fifth effort because the stiff winds of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, caught the craft unguarded, flipping and damaging the machine. The four flights proved to the Wrights and others that flight in a heavier-than-air machine was indeed possible. ...the world's first When the Wright brothers returned from the Outer They chose a small 84 acre cow pasture, known as flying field is in Banks of North Carolina they had a machine that Huffman Prairie, nine miles northeast of Dayton. It Dayton, Ohio? flew. Flying a straight line for a few hundred yards was owned by a West Side banker named Torrence was fun but not practical. The work of Huffman. The brothers commuted to the field daily experimentation and learning to fly was far from using the Dayton, Springfield &Urbana Electric over. Realizing that trips to Kitty Hawk would be Railway(DS&U) trolley.The trolley stop was called time-consuming and expensive, the brothers Simms Station.
    [Show full text]