DOCSLIB.ORG

THE WRIGHT BROTHERS from Bicycles to Airplanes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
THE WRIGHT BROTHERS from Bicycles to Airplanes THE WRIGHT BROTHERS from Bicycles to Airplanes Civil Air Patrol, the Official Auxiliary of the United States Air Force Where Imagination Takes Flight! A single copy of this publication may be ordered from: HQ CAP/ET MAXWELL AFB, AL 36112-6332 THE WRIGHT BROTHERS from Bicycles to Airplanes Edited by Judy Stone Layout and Graphics by Peggy Greenlee Published September 2002 by National Headquarters Civil Air Patrol Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama i TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Contents.............................................................................................................................................. ii 2. Acknowledgments............................................................................................................................... iv 3. Introduction......................................................................................................................................... 1 4. Teaching Tips...................................................................................................................................... 2 5. Student Record Sheet......................................................................................................................... 4 6. Wright Brothers Background Information............................................................................................ 5 7. Task #1 - Art + Teacher Lesson Plan.......................................................................................................... 13 + Student Information............................................................................................................. 15 8. Task #2 - Science and Mathematics + Teacher Lesson Plan.......................................................................................................... 16 + Student Information............................................................................................................. 19 9. Task #3 - Art + Teacher Lesson Plan.......................................................................................................... 21 + Student Information............................................................................................................. 23 10. Task #4 - Language Arts andCareers + Teacher Lesson Plan.......................................................................................................... 25 + Student Information............................................................................................................. 27 11. Task #5 - Geography + Teacher Lesson Plan.......................................................................................................... 28 + Student Information............................................................................................................. 29 12. Task #6 - Social Studies and Language Arts + Teacher Lesson Plan.......................................................................................................... 30 + Student Information............................................................................................................. 32 13. Task #7 - Health + Teacher Lesson Plan.......................................................................................................... 33 + Student Information............................................................................................................. 35 14. Task #8 - Language and Art + Teacher Lesson Plan..........................................................................................................36 + Student Information............................................................................................................. 38 15. Task #9 - Language Arts + Teacher Lesson Plan.......................................................................................................... 39 + Student Information............................................................................................................. 40 16. Task #10 - Language Arts + Teacher Lesson Plan.......................................................................................................... 41 + Student Information............................................................................................................. 43 17. Task #11 - Mathematics + Teacher Lesson Plan.......................................................................................................... 44 + Student Information............................................................................................................. 46 18. Task #12 - Mathematics + Teacher Lesson Plan.......................................................................................................... 48 + Student Information............................................................................................................. 50 19. Task #13 - Social Studies and Economics + Teacher Lesson Plan.......................................................................................................... 52 + Student Information............................................................................................................. 53 20. Task # 14 - Music and Language Arts + Teacher Lesson Plan.......................................................................................................... 55 + Student Information............................................................................................................. 57 21. Task # 15 - Physical Education and Language Arts + Teacher Lesson Plan.......................................................................................................... 58 + Student Information............................................................................................................. 60 22. Task # 16 - Reading + Teacher Lesson Plan.......................................................................................................... 61 + Student Information............................................................................................................. 63 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) 23. Task # 17 -Science + Teacher Lesson Plan...........................................................................................................64 + Student Information............................................................................................................. 66 24. Task # 18 - Language Arts + Teacher Lesson Plan...........................................................................................................67 + Student Information............................................................................................................. 69 25. Task # 19 - Science + Teacher Lesson Plan...........................................................................................................71 + Student Information............................................................................................................. 73 26. Evaluation Techniques and/or Answers to Tasks......................................................................... 75 27. Wright Brothers Test Key.................................................................................................................78 28. Wright Brothers Test........................................................................................................................79 29 Achievement Award..................................................................................................Inside back cover iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We wish to thank the many experts at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) who share our commitment to aerospace education and whose information, ideas, and activities are incorporated in this thematic unit. We would also like to thank Dr. Ann Walko, Judy Stone, Peggy Greenlee, and the following talented education students from Kean University, Union, New Jersey, who revised our old Wright Brothers packet and prepared it for the Centennial of the Wright Brothers' great accomplishment: Older Azard, B. Patty Bruno, Carl J. Buffalino, Karen Carlson, Michele Chizzoniti, Kendra Colburn, Jennifer Dunlop, Jodi Frohnapfel, Kathleen Hauser, Sylvia Leon, Julie Liloia, Debra Loprete, Jennifer Lorenzo, Kamila Miazio, Lauren Murphy, Valley Nash, Noemi Natal-Villegas, Miquel Orejas, Kelly A. Rappa, Alicia Ribeca, Andrea Romano, Saundra Sharp-Conte, Carol Sibilia, Jacqui Swanson, Rosaria Taglialavore, and Donna Wozniak. iv INTRODUCTION Since World War II, there has been a need to provide classroom teachers with materials to aid them in teaching about the aerospace world. Aerospace personalities (the people who moved us from Kitty Hawk to the International Space Station) is one such area. The feats of individuals making history in this or in any other field are often, at best, misunderstood and, at worst, forgotten after achieving their first notoriety. This thematic unit contains information about the Wright Brothers. We want this unit to point out certain facts to develop an understanding of the Wright Brothers' contributions in the field of manned flight in a heavier-than-air machine. The Wright Brothers succeeded in controlled, powered, heavier-than-air flight because of a combination of factors. 1899 Wright Kite Drawings First, they had access to the knowledge gained by others before them; second, the first practical power plant, the gasoline engine, had been developed; and finally, they were highly creative, possessed outstanding mechanical aptitude, and were endowed with
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2003 Annual Report Strategic Milestones
    2003 Annual Report strategic milestones 1996 September The Institute’s Board of Trustees approves the Strategic Plan for 1996-2005. 1998 November The Strategic Plan is updated and approved to include a capital campaign plan. 1999 March April 29 The National Science Foundation awards At The Franklin Institute grant to help fund KidScience, the Institute’s Awards Dinner, Pennsylvania first exhibit dedicated specifically to children Governor Tom Ridge announces ages 5-8 and their caregivers. a $17.5 million Redevelopment Franklin…He’s Electric opens as part of the Assistance Grant to support Institute’s 175th anniversary celebration. the capital campaign. 2000 November Public capital campaign is launched. The Sports Challenge, a campaign-funded exhibit, opens. Fundraising exceeds $35 million, meeting the 2-for-1 match required by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania’s grant. 2001 March May November December The Wright Model B KidScience opens Ribbon- New west Flyer is disassembled cutting fire tower and sent to ceremony for completed. Aeroplane Works The Train in Dayton, Ohio for Factory. restoration. 2002 January March June September October November December Fels Planetarium, the Sci-Store, a 4,500 square-foot retail The new South fire tower is Dedication of Governor Mark Home of second oldest public space, opens in the lower Mandell Harcourt Teacher completed, fulfilling Fels Schweiker Freedom planetarium in the Center. Board of Trustees reconfirms Leadership the Institute’s Life Planetarium announces a signature film Western Hemisphere, the Strategic Plan for 2002-2005, Center opens on Safety plan, bringing the and premiere $7 million opens in closes for renovation. which includes a Vision for the the first floor.
    [Show full text]
  • MS-1 PART III Photographs
    MS-1: Wright Brothers Collection PART III WRIGHT FAMILY PHOTOGRAPH COLLECTION This series includes many original photographic prints made by the Wrights from their own negatives shortly after the images were taken. The Wrights exposed at least 303 gelatin dry plate negatives in the course of documenting their process of invention. All of their glass plate negatives were given to the Library of Congress in 1949, but many of their original prints remained with the Estate of Orville Wright. Many of the Wright Brothers’ original negatives were damaged in Dayton’s great flood of 1913, when they were submerged for up to four days. The Wright State University collection includes some images for which no negatives exist at the Library of Congress and so many of these prints are unique. In addition, this collection includes hundreds of prints collected by the Wrights through their association with other aviation pioneers such as Octave Chanute, and a great variety of aeronautical prints either collected by them, or sent to them by well-wishers through the years. While the major prints exist in both collections, both the Wright State University collection and the Wright collection in the Prints and Photographs Division of the Library of Congress contain many images that are unique to each collection. Wilbur and Orville Wright began photographing their experiences on the Outer Banks using a 4 x 5 inch dry plate camera. In 1902 they purchased a Korona view camera which used 5 x 7 inch dry plates. They developed their negatives and made prints in the darkroom they set up at their home in Dayton.
    [Show full text]
  • The Reims Air Races
    Reims Air races and the Gordon Bennett Trophy Bleriot's cross-Channel flight excited Europe as nothing else had. The City of Reims and the French vintners of the Champagne region decided to sponsor a week of aviation exhibition and competition, putting up large purses in prize money, the most prestigious being the International Aviation Cup, known as the Gordon Bennett Trophy, after its sponsor, James Gordon Bennett, the flamboyant American publisher of the New York Herald and the Paris Herald. The meet attracted the cream of European society, from royalty and generals to ambassadors and the merely wealthy, to the Betheny Plain outside Reims from August 22 to 29, 1909. While there were to be many other such meets before and after World War 1, none would match Reims for grandeur and elegance or for sheer excitement. The major European manufacturers, all French, entered various events. There were 'planes by Bleriot, Voisin, Antoinette, and Farman, and even several French-built Wrights. The Wrights themselves had passed on an invitation to race at Reims, which was awkward since the Gordon Bennett Trophy was crowned with a large replica of a Wright Flyer. The Aero Club of America, which had sponsored the Scientific American trophy won by Curtiss a year earlier, turned to Curtiss. Curtiss' June Bug was not as well developed a plane as the Wright machines (and possibly the Wrights were hoping to drive this point home if Curtiss failed at Reims) and while it was more maneuverable than the European planes, it was not nearly as fast. 1909 Voisin 1 Curtiss worked feverishly to produce a more powerful engine and stripped down his airplane to give it greater speed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Wright Stuff
    1203cent.qxd 11/13/03 2:19 PM Page 1 n a chilly North Carolina edge. It is likely that this informa- Omorning 100 years ago, two tion became the basis for the design brothers from Dayton, Ohio, at- of their early gliders. It also led them tempted a feat others considered im- to contact Octave Chanute, an possible, and their success changed American engineer who was the world. leading the way for experiments in Today we take air travel for aeronautics. granted, and rarely give a second thought to our capability to fly liter- Three problems ally anywhere in the world. But one The Wrights realized from the be- hundred years ago, the endeavors ginning that they had to solve three of the Wrights and other aeronau- problems: tical pioneers were widely viewed • Balance and control. as foolhardy. Although some of the THE WRIGHT • Wing shape and resulting lift. world’s most creative minds were • Application of power to the converging on a solution to the flight structure. problem, well-respected scientists STUFF: Of the three, they correctly recog- such as Lord Kelvin thought flight Materials in the Wright Flyer nized that balance and control were impossible. the least understood and probably In fact, Simon Newcomb, pro- The flight of the Wright Flyer was the most critical. To solve that fessor of mathematics and as- the “first in the history of the world problem, they turned to gliding ex- tronomy at Johns Hopkins Univer- periments. sity and vice-president of the in which a machine carrying a man National Academy of Sciences, had had raised itself by its own power The 1900 glider declared only 18 months before the into the air in full flight, had sailed After a few preliminary experi- successful flight at Kitty Hawk, forward without reduction of speed, ments with small kites, they built “Flight by machines heavier than air and had finally landed at a point as their first glider in 1900.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Women in Aviation Through World War I
    United States Women in Aviation through World War I Claudia M.Oakes •^ a. SMITHSONIAN STUDIES IN AIR AND SPACE • NUMBER 2 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world of science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given sub­ stantive review.
    [Show full text]
  • The Wright Brothers Played with As Small Boys
    1878 1892 The Flying Toy: A small toy “helicopter”— made of wood with two twisted rubber bands to turn a small propeller—that the Wright brothers played with as small boys. The Bicycle Business: The Wright brothers opened a bicycle store in 1892. Their 1900 experience with bicycles aided them in their The Wright Way: investigations of flight. The Process of Invention The Search for Control: From their observations of how buzzards kept their balance, the Wright brothers began their aeronautical research in 1899 with a kite/glider. In 1900, they built their first glider designed to carry a pilot. Wilbur and Orville Wright Inventors Wilbur and Orville Wright placed their names firmly in the hall of great 1901 American inventors with the creation of the world’s first successful powered, heavier-than-air machine to achieve controlled, sustained flight Ohio with a pilot aboard. The age of powered flight began with the Wright 1903 Flyer on December 17, 1903, at Kill Devil Hills, NC. The Wright brothers began serious experimentation in aeronautics in 1899 and perfected a controllable craft by 1905. In six years, the Wrights had used remarkable creativity and originality to provide technical solutions, practical mechanical Birthplace design tools, and essential components that resulted in a profitable aircraft. They did much more than simply get a flying machine off the ground. They established the fundamental principles of aircraft design and engineering in place today. In 1908 and 1909, they demonstrated their flying machine pub- licly in the United States and Europe. By 1910, the Wright Company was of Aviation manufacturing airplanes for sale.
    [Show full text]
  • Restoration, Preservation, and Conservation of the 1905 Wright Flyer III
    Jeanne Palermo Restoration, Preservation, and Conservation of the 1905 Wright Flyer III he 1905 Wright Flyer III at museum village which he proceeded to build and Carillon Historical Park in endow. A major theme of the museum would be Dayton, Ohio, is one of the most transportation: how it changed Dayton, and how significant aircraft in the history Dayton changed transportation. Deeds’ desire to of aviation.T This relatively unknown airplane is include a Wright airplane in his museum led to called the world’s first practical airplane because, the restoration of the 1905 Wright Flyer III. with this aircraft, the Wright brothers solved all Initially, Deeds expected to construct a the remaining problems of sustained and con- replica of the 1903 “Kitty Hawk” Flyer. It was trolled flight. The 1905 Wright Flyer III is also the Orville Wright who felt that enough parts of the first plane ever to carry a passenger. 1905 machine existed to do a restoration. Wright History himself was in possession of the engine, propellers, Following their first flights at Kitty Hawk, and metal chain guides that the Wrights had North Carolina, in December 1903, Wilbur and brought back to their shop in Dayton. The frame Orville Wright returned home to Dayton for had been left in a shed at Kitty Hawk following Christmas knowing that, while they had suc- the plane’s final flights in 1908. That May, the ceeded in their dream of flying, much work plane had been refitted from its original configu- remained to make flying practical. The 1903 ration with a pilot prone on the lower wing, to Wright Flyer flew four relatively short, straight- two upright seats for a pilot and passenger.
    [Show full text]
  • Americans on the Move: Grade 5 American History Lesson Plan
    Wright State University CORE Scholar Gateway to Dayton Teaching American History: Citizenship, Creativity, and Invention Local and Regional Organizations 2003 Americans On the Move: Grade 5 American History Lesson Plan Timothy Binkley Follow this and additional works at: https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/dtah Part of the Education Commons, and the United States History Commons Repository Citation Binkley, T. (2003). Americans On the Move: Grade 5 American History Lesson Plan. https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/dtah/1 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Local and Regional Organizations at CORE Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Gateway to Dayton Teaching American History: Citizenship, Creativity, and Invention by an authorized administrator of CORE Scholar. For more information, please contact library- [email protected]. DAYT f N 'PUB L I C SCHOOLS A /Vew })Ay .Is ))AWAJIN<!!r! Name: Timothy Binkley School: Wright State University Grade 5 Level: ------­ Lesson Plan Title: Americans On the Move Content Area(s) American History Learning With the development of their first practical powered aircraft, the Wright Brothers introduced a Objectives) new mode of transportation. By touring Carillon Historical Park, students willieam about different forms of transportation including the Wright Flyer. They will be asked to evaluate the merits and limitations of each, and how different forms of transportation aided in the expansion and development of the United States. [Note: this lesson plan is very similar to "Moving Along", a lesson plan for use at the Huffman Prairie Flying Field Interpretive Center / Wright Memorial. Because ofduplication, only one trip (1.5 hours = HPFFIWM, lfull day = Carillon Park) should be chosen.] Benchmarks for History Benchmark C: "Explain how new developments led to the growth of the United States." the Ohio (p.28) Academic Content Standards for Social Studies Indicators for Grade-Level indicator for Grade Five, Growth: "6.
    [Show full text]
  • Increasing Technology at the Turn of the 20Th Century
    Name:______________________________________________ Date:_______________ Class:____________ Short Quiz / Exit Slip: Increasing Technology at the Turn of the 20th Century Part A: Multiple Choice: Instructions: Choose the option that answers the question or completes the sentence. 1. Who helped pioneer the efforts to use electricity in cities with Thomas Edison? a. Samuel Morse b. Andrew Carnegie c. George Westinghouse d. Alexander Graham Bell 2. Who invented the telegraph? a. Thomas Edison b. Albert Einstein c. George Westinghouse d. Samuel Morse 3. What was the significance of the Bessemer Process? a. It led to the creation of the light bulb. b. It allowed voices to be carried over wires, not just beeping signals. c. It led to the ability to record sound on records. d. It led to the building of skyscrapers. 4. In what state did the Wright Brothers conduct the first flight? a. North Carolina b. Maine c. Maryland d. Ohio 5. Who invented the telephone? a. Alexander Graham Bell b. Samuel Morse c. Orville Wright d. None of the above Part B: Short Answer: Instructions: Answer the question below. 1. Which invention do you think had the most impact on American society, the light bulb, the telephone, or the airplane? Explain. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Up from Kitty Hawk Chronology
    airforcemag.com Up From Kitty Hawk Chronology AIR FORCE Magazine's Aerospace Chronology Up From Kitty Hawk PART ONE PART TWO 1903-1979 1980-present 1 airforcemag.com Up From Kitty Hawk Chronology Up From Kitty Hawk 1903-1919 Wright brothers at Kill Devil Hill, N.C., 1903. Articles noted throughout the chronology provide additional historical information. They are hyperlinked to Air Force Magazine's online archive. 1903 March 23, 1903. First Wright brothers’ airplane patent, based on their 1902 glider, is filed in America. Aug. 8, 1903. The Langley gasoline engine model airplane is successfully launched from a catapult on a houseboat. Dec. 8, 1903. Second and last trial of the Langley airplane, piloted by Charles M. Manly, is wrecked in launching from a houseboat on the Potomac River in Washington, D.C. Dec. 17, 1903. At Kill Devil Hill near Kitty Hawk, N.C., Orville Wright flies for about 12 seconds over a distance of 120 feet, achieving the world’s first manned, powered, sustained, and controlled flight in a heavier-than-air machine. The Wright brothers made four flights that day. On the last, Wilbur Wright flew for 59 seconds over a distance of 852 feet. (Three days earlier, Wilbur Wright had attempted the first powered flight, managing to cover 105 feet in 3.5 seconds, but he could not sustain or control the flight and crashed.) Dawn at Kill Devil Jewel of the Air 1905 Jan. 18, 1905. The Wright brothers open negotiations with the US government to build an airplane for the Army, but nothing comes of this first meeting.
    [Show full text]
  • Wilbur & Orville Wright
    Abbreviations for Sources Cited Works cited in full in the text do not appear in this list. ACANA Aero Club of America. Navigating the Air. New York Doubleday, Page & Company, 1907. ACAWMB Aero Club of America. Wright Memorial Book. New York, 1913. ADAMSF Adams, Heinrich. Flug. Leipzig: C. F. Amelangs Verlag, 1909. Aerial Age W Aerial Age Weekly. Aero Club Am Bul Aero Club of America. Bullelin. Aero J Aeronautical Journal. Allg Auto Zeit Allgemeine Automobil-Zeitung. Allg Flug Zeit Allgemeine Flugmaschinen-Zeitung. Am Aeronaut American Aeronaut. Am Legion Mag American Legion Magazine. Am Mag American Magazine. Am R Rs American Review of Reviews. AMHHF The American Heritage History of Flight. New York Simon & Schuster, 1962. ANGAEE Angle, Glenn D. Airplane Engine Encyclopedia. Dayton: Otterbein Press, 1921. ANDWF Andrews, Alfred S. The Wright Families. Rev. ed. Fort Lauderdale, Fla., 1975. ANGBW Ångström, Tord. Bröderna Wright och flygproblemets Iösning. Stockholm, Nordisk Rotogravyr, 1928. ANMAD André, Henri. Moteurs d’aviation et de dirigeables. Paris: Geisler, 1910. xiii APGAFM Apple, Nick P., and Gene Gurney. The Air Force Museum. New York: Crown Publishers, Inc., 1975. ASHWB Ash, Russell. The Wright Brothers. London: Way- land Publishers, [ 1974]. ASMEJ American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Journal. Atlan Atlantic Monthly. Aviation W Aviation Week. BBAKH Brown, Aycock. The Birth of Aviation at Kitty Hawk. N.C. Winston-Salem, N.C.: The Collins Company, 1953. BERFF Berger, Oscar. Famous Faces: Caricaturist's Scrap- book. New York and London: Hutchinson, [ 1950]. BIAFW Bia, Georges. Les Frères Wright et leur oeuvre. [Saint-Mikiel]: lmprimerie du Journal La Meuse, [ 1909]. BLASF Black, Archibald.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Wright Brothers' Flight Path
    Discovery Guide Propellers Elevators in the back in the front Be a “Plane Clothes” Detective On the Wright brothers’ Rudder Wings Flight Path Did you know that? ★ All the Wright airplanes are ★ The 1909 Wright Military Flyer covered with cotton fabric called was flight tested at Fort Myer in muslin (the “plane clothes”). Arlington, Virginia. ★ Many of the silver parts of the ★ When the elevators are in front of Wright airplanes are wood the wings, it is called a canard painted with a mixture of shellac configuration. and aluminum. ★ The Wright brothers’ patent was ★ All Wright airplanes use a chain­ for the 1902 glider, not a and-sprocket transmission to powered airplane. link the engine and the ★ The 1911 Wright EX Vin Fiz was propellers. the first to fly across the United ★ The first powered, heavier-than­ States. It took 49 days. air, sustained flights with a pilot were made on December 17, Learn more about the Wright brothers 1903, by Orville and Wilbur on the Museum’s web site, Wright. www.nasm.si.edu/wrightbrothers Be on the look out for Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum Propellers ★ Tails ★ Wings The Wright Brothers & the Invention of the Aerial Age exhibition is made possible through the generous support of Alcoa. Additional support has been provided by The Alvin, Lottie and Rachel Gray Fund, Fred and Barbara Telling, SI National Board, Fish & Neave, The Gayle H. and Peter Bickers Foundation, The Funger Foundation, Inc., (But don’t be surprised if the propellers are in the back!) NormaLee and Morton Funger, Daniel Greenberg, Susan Steinhauser and the Greenberg Foundation, Leighton and Carol Read, Mr.
    [Show full text]