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1. Le « PRAENOMEN » (Prénom)

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1. Le « PRAENOMEN » (Prénom) 1. Le « PRAENOMEN » (prénom) : - liste des 11 prénoms essentiellement utilisés par les Romains, suivis de leur abréviation et, quand on la connaît, de leur signification : Aulus (A.) Gaius ou Caius (C.) Gnaeus ou Cnaeus (Cn.) Decimus (D.) (10e enfant) Lucius (L.) (né avec la lumière) Marcus (M.) Publius (P.) (du peuple) Quintus (Q.) (5e enfant) Sextus (Sex.) (6e enfant) Tiberius (Ti.) (du Tibre (fleuve de Rome)) Titus (T.) - liste des 7 autres prénoms, utilisés seulement dans certaines familles : Appius (App.) Kaeso (K.) (né par césarienne) Mamercus (Mam.) Manius (M'.) (né le matin) Numerius (N.) (énième) Servius (S.) (descendant d'esclave) Spurius (Sp.) (bâtard) 2. Le « GENTILE NOMEN » (nom de famille) : liste de quelques uns des plus célèbres noms de familles romaines, suivis, quand on la connaît, de leur signification (ou plus exactement de la signification du mot dont ils viennent: par exemple, « Caninius » ne signifie pas « chien », mais c'est un adjectif formé sur le mot « canis » qui signifie « chien ») Acilius Aebutius Aelius Aemilius Albinus (blanc) Anicius Annæus Annius Antius Antonius Apuleius Aquilius (aigle) Asinius (âne) Atius Atilius Aufidius Aurelius (doré) Baebius Caecilius (aveugle) Caelius (céleste) Caesennius Calpurnius Calvisius Caninius (chien) Cassius (inutile) Claudius (boîteux) Clelius Comicius (comices) Cornelius (corne) Curius Curiatius Curtius Decius Dexius Didius Domitius (dompteur) Duvius Fabius (fève) Fabricius (artisan) Fadius Fannius Flaminius (prêtre flamine) Flavius (blond) Fonteius Fufidius Fufius Fulvius (d'une couleur fauve) Fundanius Furius (fou furieux) Gabinius Gargilius Geganius Gellius Gentius Genucius Helvius (blond jaunâtre) Herennius Herminius Horatius Julius Junius Juventius (jeune) Laberius Laelius Larcius Licinius (aux cheveux relevés sur le front) Livius (bleuté, livide) Lollius Lucilius (fils de Lucius) Lucretius Lutatius Maecius Maenius Mamilius Manilius (fils de Manius) Manlius Marcellus (petit Marcus) Marcius (fils de Marcus) Marius Memmius Menenius Metellus Metilius Minucius (petit) Mucius Mummius Munatius Nonius (9e enfant) Numicius Octavius (8e enfant) Opimius Otacilius Papinius Papirius Petronius (pierre) Pinarius Plautius (pieds plats) Pleminius (mains ridées) Pompeius (pompeux, cérémonieux) Pomponius Pontius (pont) Popilius (peuple) Porcius (porc) Potitius (puissant) Publilius (fils de Publius) Pupius Quintilius (fils de Quintus) Rabirius (enragé) Romilius Roscius Rupilius Rutilius (roux éclatant) Scantius Scribonius (érudit) Sempronius Sentius Septimius (7e enfant) Sergius Servilius (fils de Servius) Sextius (fils de Sextus) Sicinius Silius Statilius Sulpicius Tarpeius Terentius Trebellius Trebonius Tuccius Tudicius Tullius Turrarius Ulpius Valerius (fort) Valgius Varius (varié) Vedius Velleius Verrius (verrat) Vettius Veturius (ancien) Vibius Vibullius Vipsanius Virginius (vierge) Volumnius (de Volumnus, dieu protecteur des nouveaux-nés) Volusius 3. Le « COGNOMEN » (surnom) : liste de quelques uns des plus célèbres surnoms romains, suivis, quand on la connaît, de leur signification Noms d'animaux Animaux sauvages Bestia (bête) Aper (sanglier) Lupus (loup) Ursus (ours) Aquila (aigle) Falco (faucon) Buteo (buse) Bubo (hibou) Noctua (chouette) Corvus (corbeau) Cornix (corneille) Pavo (paon) Merula (merle) Regillus (roitelet) Luscinus (rossignol) Murena (murène) Mus (souris) Pulex (puce) Cossus (ver de bois) Animaux domestiques Catulus (petit chien) Asina (âne) Burdo (mulet) Porcus (porc) Verrès (verrat) Scrofa (truie) Taurus (taureau) Vitellius/Vitulus (veau) Ovidius (agneau) Caper (bouc) Noms de végétaux sauvages Fagus (hêtre) Vibulanus (petite viorne) cultivés Florus (fleur) Lucullus (bosquet) Stolo (surgeon) ý alimentaires Caepio (oignon) Cicero (pois chiche) Lentulus (lentille) Fabius (fève) Lactuca (laitue) Autres noms liés à la nature sauvage Favonius (zéphyr) Gurges (gouffre) Petra (pierre) Saxa (rocher) Carbo (charbon) domestiquée Fimus (fumier) Laenas (laine) Cerinthus (miel) Objets Pilumnus (pilon) Piso (mortier) Falx (faux) Dolabella (petite pioche) Tuditanus (marteau) Malleollus (petit marteau) Columella (petite colonne) Tappulus (petit tapis) Pulvillus (coussinet) Bambalio (tambourin) Scipio (bâton) Pera (besace) Culleolus (petit sac de cuir) Spinther (bracelet porté en haut du bras gauche) Stola (robe) Paenula (manteau à capuchon) Métiers Agricola (cultivateur) Messor (moissonneur) Hortensius (jardinier) Opilius (berger) Pastor (berger) Asellio (ânier) Bubulcus (conducteur de boeufs) Cursor (conducteur de char) Fullo (foulon) Figulus (potier) Pictor (peintre) Pollio (polisseur) Restio (cordier) Domitius (dompteur) Métellus (valet d'armes) Corbulo (porteur) Cornicen (sonneur de cor) Mercator (marchand) Salinator (saunier) Nautius (marin) Marinus (marin) Carnifex (bourreau) Vespillo (croque-mort) Particularités physiques Tête Capito (grosse tête) Tricipitinus (à trois têtes) Cilo (à la tête longue et étroite) Fronto (au front large) Cornutus (cornu) Galerius (qui porte un bonnet) Calvus/Calvinus (chauve) Cincinnatus (bouclé) Crispus (crépu, frisé) Licinus (cheveux relevés sur le front) Flavus (blond) Helva (blond jaunâtre) Rufus (roux) Rutilus (roux éclatant) Burrus (roux flamboyant) Yeux Ravilla (aux yeux gris) Caesula (aux yeux verts) Caecus (aveugle) Coclès (borgne) Luscus (borgne) Strabo (loucheur) Paetus (qui louche un peu) Cinna (qui cligne des yeux) Bas du visage Mento (menton saillant) Barbatus (barbu) Barbula (petite barbe) Ahenobarbus (barbe d'airain) Labeo (grosses lèvres) Dentatus (aux grandes dents) Brocchus (aux dents saillantes) Voix Vocula (petite voix) Blaesus (bègue) Balbus/Balbinus (bègue) Hirrus (qui grogne comme un chien) Mugillanus (qui brait) Nez Nasica (nez pointu) Naso (gros nez) Silus (camus) Oreilles Flaccus (oreilles flasques) Mains Mancia (main) Laevinus (gaucher) Scaeva/Scaevola (gaucher) Sedigitus (six doigts) Pieds et jambes Crus (jambe) Sura (mollet) Vatia (qui marche les pieds en dedans) Valgus (qui marche les pieds en dehors) Pansa (qui marche en écartant les jambes) Varus (cagneux) Scaurus (pied-bot) Pedo (grands pieds) Plautus/Plancus (aux pieds plats) Autres parties du corps Dorso (dos large) Tubero/Tubertus (bossu) Scapula (épaules larges) Tricistus (aux trois flancs) Peau Candidus (blanc) Albus/Albucius (blanc) Niger (noir) Atratinus (noir) Fuscus (basané) Ambustus (brûlé) Naevius (qui a une tache sur le corps) Ruga (ride) Lanatus (laineux) Glabrio (glabre) Vulso (épilé) Taille et corpulence Crassus (gros) Galba (gras) Bassus (grassouillet) Medullinus (gras, moelleux) Arvina (graisse) Macer (maigre) Longus (grand) Paulus (petit) Société Rex (roi) Regulus (petit roi) Publicola/Poplicola (ami du peuple) Censorinus (ancien censeur) Triarius (triaire (vétéran de l'armée, en 3e ligne) Servilius (descendant d'esclave) Religion Libo (libation) Sacerdos (prêtre) Augurinus (augure) Camillus (enfant noble, sorte d'enfantde choeur) Festus (festif) Pius (pieux) Martialis (de Mars) Mamercus (de Mamers, Mars chez les Osques) Saturninus (de Saturne) Cerealis (de Cérès) Lateranus (de Lateranus, dieu du foyer) Musa (muse) Origines géographiques Urbicus (de la ville, de Rome) Montanus (de la montagne) Latinus (du Latium) Italicus (italien) Tuscus (étrusque) Sabinus (sabin) Coriolanus (de Corioles) Gallus (gaulois) Atticus (attique) Serranus (phénicien) Afer/Africanus (africain) Poenus (carthaginois) Asiaticus (asiatique) Age Priscus (ancien) Seneca (vieux) Casca (des temps anciens) Juvenalis (jeune) Relations familiales Nepos (neveu, petit-fils) Paterculus (petit père) Avitus (grand-père) Aviola (petit grand-père) Maternus (maternel) Surnoms lié à la naissance Major (l'aîné) Minor (le jeune) Primus (1er enfant) Secundus (2e enfant) Tertius (3e enfant) Quartus (4e enfant) Septimus (7e enfant) Octavus (8e enfant) Nonus (9e enfant) Agrippa (né les pieds les premiers) Caesar (né par césarienne) Geminus (jumeau) Vopiscus (jumeau survivant) Cordus (né après terme) Postumus (né après la mort de son père) Proculus (né loin de son père) Opiter (dont le père est mort du vivant du grand-père) Spurius (bâtard) Surnoms dépréciatifs Centumalus (cent fois mauvais) Brutus (idiot) Caudex (bûche: homme stupide) Simplex (simple, naïf) Tiro (débutant) Rusticus (campagnard, balourd) Varro (homme grossier) Sylla (débauché) Turpilius (honteux) Caldus (bouillant) Bibulus/Bibaculus (ivrogne) Lurco (glouton) Rullus (mendiant) Latro (brigand) Lamia (vampire) Surnoms élogieux Bonus (bon) Clarus (célèbre) Préciosité Donatus (donné) Fortunatus (fortuné) Faustus (prospère) Dives (riche) Felix (heureux) Carus (précieux) Restitutus (rétabli) Ambrosius (sucré comme l'ambroisie) Qualités physiques Salvius (bien portant) Pulcher (beau) Lepidus (grâcieux) Lucanus (lumineux) Qualités liées à la noblesse Magnus (grand) Maximus (très grand) Celsus (noble) Camerinus (noble) Camillus (enfant noble, sorte d'enfant de chÏur) Nobilior (plus noble) Castus (chaste) Augustus (majestueux) Qualités morales Clemens (doux, bon) Lenius/Laenius (doux) Commodus (bienveillant) Gratus (aimable) Pacilus (pacifique) Cicurinus (apprivoisé) Firmius (ferme) Constans
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