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LES NOMS DES ROMAINS © Nadia Pla 1. Le « PRAENOMEN

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LES NOMS DES ROMAINS © Nadia Pla 1. Le « PRAENOMEN LES NOMS DES ROMAINS © Nadia Pla 1. Le « PRAENOMEN » (prénom) : - liste des 11 prénoms essentiellement utilisés par les Romains, suivis de leur abréviation et, quand on la connaît, de leur signification : Aulus (A.) Gaius ou Caius (C.) Gnaeus ou Cnaeus (Cn.) Decimus (D.) (10e enfant) Lucius (L.) (né avec la lumière) Marcus (M.) Publius (P.) (du peuple) Quintus (Q.) (5e enfant) Sextus (Sex.) (6e enfant) Tiberius (Ti.) (du Tibre (fleuve de Rome)) Titus (T.) - liste des 7 autres prénoms, utilisés seulement dans certaines familles : Appius (App.) Kaeso (K.) (né par césarienne) Mamercus (Mam.) Manius (M'.) (né le matin) Numerius (N.) (calculateur) Servius (S.) (descendant d'esclave) Spurius (Sp.) (bâtard) 2. Le « GENTILE NOMEN » (nom de famille) : liste de quelques uns des plus célèbres noms de familles romaines, suivis, quand on la connaît, de leur signification Aelius Junius (descendant de Junon ?) Aemilius Laberius Annæus Laelius Antonius Licinius (aux cheveux relevés sur le front) Asinius (âne) Livius (bleuté, livide) Aufidius Lucilius (fils de Lucius) Aurelius (doré) Lucretius Caecilius (aveugle) Lutatius Caelius (céleste) Manilius (fils de Manius) Calpurnius Manlius Cassius (inutile) Marcellus (petit Marcus) Claudius (boîteux) Marcius (fils de Marcus) Cornelius (corne) Memmius Domitius (dompteur) Menenius Fabius (fève) Metellus Fannius Mucius Flaminius (prêtre flamine) Octavius (8e enfant) Flavius (blond) Papirius Fufidius Plautius (pieds plats) Fufius Pompeius (pompeux, cérémonieux) Furius (fou furieux) Pomponius Gabinius Porcius (porc) Gellius Publilius (fils de Publius) Helvius (jaunâtre) Quintilius (fils de Quintus) Herennius Rabirius (enragé) Horatius Roscius Julius (descendant de Iule fils d'Enée) Rutilius (roux éclatant) Scribonius (érudit) Ulpius Sempronius Valerius (fort) Servilius (fils de Servius) Velleius Sextius (fils de Sextus) Vettius Silius Vibius Sulpicius Virginius (vierge) Terentius Volusius Tullius 3. Le « COGNOMEN » (surnom) : liste de quelques uns des plus célèbres surnoms romains, suivis, quand on la connaît, de leur signification (+ En italiques : d'anciens surnoms qui sont devenus noms de famille ou prénoms et que vous retrouvez dans les listes ci-dessus) Noms d'animaux + Caecilius (aveugle) Bestia (bête) Coclès (borgne) Aper (sanglier) Strabo (loucheur) Lupus (loup) Cinna (qui cligne des yeux ?) Murena (murène (poisson)) La bouche Cossus (ver de bois) Blaesus (bègue) Catulus (petit chien) Balbus (bègue) Vitellius (veau) Balbinus (petit bègue) Ovidius (agneau) Le nez + Porcius (porc) Nasica (nez pointu) + Asinius (âne) Naso (gros nez) Les oreilles Noms de végétaux Flaccus (oreilles flasques) Caepio (oignon) Les mains et les bras Cicero (pois chiche) Scaevola (gaucher) Lentulus (lentille) Les pieds et les jambes + Fabius (fève) Varus (cagneux) Pansa (marche en écartant les jambes) Autres noms liés à l'agriculture Scaurus (pied-bot) Pilumnus (pilon) Plautus (pieds plats) Piso (mortier) + Plautius (pieds plats) Bubulcus (conducteur de boeufs) La forme et l'aspect du corps Dolabella (petite pioche) Particularités physiques Tubero (bossu) La tête et les cheveux Crassus (gros) Capito (grosse tête) Bassus (grassouillet) Calvus (chauve) Galba (gras ?) Galerius (qui porte un bonnet) Macer (maigre) Cincinnatus (bouclé) Longus (grand) Crispus (crépu, frisé) Paulus (petit) Licinus (cheveux relevés sur le front) La couleur de la peau + Licinius (cheveux relevés sur le front) Niger (noir) + Flavius (blond) Atratinus (noirci) + Helvius (jaunâtre) Fuscus (basané) Rufus (roux) Naevius (qui a une tache sur le corps) Rutilus (roux éclatant) + Livius (bleuté, livide) + Rutilius (blond éclatant) Ahenobarbus (barbe d'airain) Autres surnoms dépréciatifs Barbatus (barbu) Brutus (idiot) Glabrio (sans poil) Rusticus (campagnard, balourd) Les yeux Varro (homme grossier) Caecus (aveugle) Bibulus (ivrogne) Bibaculus (ivrogne) Primus (1er enfant) Latro (brigand) Secundus (2e enfant) Pertinax (têtu) + Quintus (5e enfant) Tiro (débutant) + Sextus (6e enfant) + Furius (fou furieux) Septimus (7e enfant) + Rabirius (enragé) + Octavius (8e enfant) + Decimus (10e enfant) Surnoms élogieux + Lucius (né avec la lumière) Préciosité + Manius (né le matin) Donatus (donné) Agrippa (né les pieds les premiers) Fortunatus (fortuné) Caesar (né par césarienne) Faustus (prospère) + Kaeso (né par césarienne) Felix (heureux) Vopiscus (jumeau survivant) Carus (précieux) Postumus (né après la mort de son père) Restitutus (rétabli) Proculus (né loin de son père) Qualités physiques Opiter (dont le père est mort du vivant du Pulcher (beau) grand-père) Lepidus (grâcieux) Spurius (bâtard) Lucanus (lumineux) + Aurelius (doré) Relations familiales Qualités morales (liées à la noblesse, le sacré) Nepos (neveu, petit-fils) Magnus (grand) Paterculus (petit père) Maximus (très grand) Priscus (ancien) Celsus (noble) Seneca (vieux) Camillus (enfant noble < sorte d'enfant de chÏur) Origines géographiques Augustus (majestueux) Afer (africain) Pius (pieux) Atticus (attique) + Caelius (céleste) Gallus (gaulois) + Pompéius (pompeux, cérémonieux) Italicus (italien) Qualités morales (liées à la maîtrise de soi) Clemens (doux) Origines sociales Tacitus (silencieux) + Servius et Servilius (descendant Tranquillus (tranquille) d'esclave) Serenus (serein) Statius (immobile) Noms de métier Saxa (rocher) Agricola (cultivateur) Severus (sévère) Hortensius (jardinier) Qualités pratiques Figulus (potier) Sollers (adroit) Pictor (peintre) Cato (rusé) Pollio (polisseur) Qualités sociales Publicola (ami du peuple) Surnoms d'origine inconnue Probus (honnête) Maro (?) Scipio (bâton (pour père aveugle)) Gracchus (?) + Virginius (vierge, pur) Qualités de domination Hostilius (hostile, combattif) Nero (fort (en langue étrusque)) Valens (fort) + Valerius (fort) Victor (victorieux) Vindex (vengeur) + Domitius (dompteur) Surnoms lié à la naissance Major (l'aîné) Minor (le jeune) .
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