Appendix The Formation of the according to Halevy

Amoraic Era ca.  Abbaye and and the compilation of the proto- Talmud

 Inclusion of the traditions of the Palestinian sages Pumbedita

/ Death of Rava and the end of the compilation of the and proto-Talmud Pumbedita ca. / Final redaction and editing of the Talmud by Rav Matta Mehasia Ashi’s court

/? ’s death and the post-Rav-Ashi editing Matta Mehasia and Sura

/ Death of Ravina bar Huna and the closing of the Sura Talmud

Saboraic Era

/ Rav Yose and the first generation of Saboraim Pumbedita (Rabbanan Demefarshei) Committing of the Talmud to writing ca. / Reopening of Sura, with Rav Eina named its head Sura ca.  Death of Rav Yose and end of the Rabbanan Demefarshei Pumbedita

 Later Saboraim and minor editing of/cosmetic work on the Talmud Rav Eina Sura Rav Simona Pumbedita

1 Brody says that Matta Mehasia was the geonic name for Sura, but Halevy claimed to prove from the Talmud that Sura and Matta Mehasia were two adjacent cities. See Brody, The of Babylonia, 36; and Halevy, Dorot harishonim, 2:593–600.

Open Access. © 2021 Ari Bergmann, published by De Gruyte. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110709834-007 196 Appendix The Formation of the Talmud according to Halevy

ca.  Rav Eina’s death and the closing of Sura due to new persecutions

 Death of Rav Revai of Rov and temporary closure of Pumbedita

 Creation of a new beit hava’ad Piruz Shabur

Composition of Masekhtot qetanot

Geonic Era

 Appointment of first Gaon and end of saboraic era Pumbedita

 Reopening of the academy in Sura Sura

 Sura firmly established and title Gaon firmly used Sura

2 In the surroundings of Nehardea (Lewin, ed., Iggeret Rav , 99).