CONTRIBUTION of BABUR and HUMAYUN TOWARDS PERSIAN LITERATURE Jboctor of $I)Iios;Optip

CONTRIBUTION OF BABUR AND HUMAYUN TOWARDS PERSIAN LITERATURE

ABSTRACT

THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF jBoctor of $I)iIos;optip IN ^ PERSIAN

BY MISS RAN\ KHURSHEED

Under the Supervision of PROF. AZARMI DUKHT SAFAVI

DEPARTMENT OF PERSIAN ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 1996 r. ^^ss- Title : Contribution of Babur and Humayun towards Persain Literature.

Supervisor : Prof. Azarmi Dukht Safavi Department of Persian Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh.

ABSTRACT

For nearly eight hundred years, Persian Language and literature has been an integral part of Indian life and culture. With the establishment of Mughal empire by Babur in 1526 A.D., Persian prose and poetry grew in every dimension and made in roads in all branches. Both Babur and Humayun were great patrons of art, pofttry and literature and had contribut ed a great deal for the promotion of Persian language and literature in Indian. The object of the present research work, being submitted for the award of Ph.D. is to assess and analyse the contribution of these two great Mughal kings to Persian literature. The thesis consists of an introduction and five chapters: The first chapter deals with the political and cultural conditions of Babur's time. It was deemed necessary to present a brief critical background of that particular period so as to familiaries the reader with the chief intellectual and cultural trends prevalant during Bubur's reign. The second chapter describes in detail, Babur's role as a great patron of literature and gives information about his Turkish/Persian poetry and the Tuzuk-i-Babari, an Important source of history. In the third chapter, a brief account of the social and political scene in India is given at the time of Humayun. The fourth chapter is devoted to critically analyse Humayun's own contribution to Persian poatry. The manuscripts of Humayun's Persian Diwan, available at Khuda Bukhsh library, Patna, has been compared with its printed edition (Edited by Dr. Hadi Hasan). The last and the fifth chapter has been divided into two parts: First part deals with some important scholars and writers of the period of both Babur andHumayun, (e.g. Ibrahim-Bin-JarirPMirza Haider Dughlat, JoharAftabchi, Yusufi etc), giving their biographical details, introducing their important works and analysing their literary value. The second part is devoted to poets. It provides a brief biographical sketch of some important poets, like Atashi Qandhari, Junoobi Badakhshani, Jamaii Dehlavi, Mir Owaisi, Qasim Kahi, Khankhanan Bairam Khan etc. A critical appreciation of their poetry is also provided. The main thrust of all the five chapters is to assess and establish the importance of the periods of these two Mughal emperors in promoting the cause of Persian literature in India. A detailed bibliography is appended at the end.

axhi^Juj^' (MISS. RANA KHURSHEED) Department of Persian Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh. )) f-mj^ VI. -A ir s

T4985 Dr.Azarmi Dukht Safawi I'HXVitlliU rs;ar,

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TO WHOM IT MAV CONCERN

This is to certify that Ms. Rana Khursheed, has worked under my supervision and the present research work entitled "CONTRIBUTION OF BABDR AND HUMAYUN TOWARDS PERSIAN LITERATURE" is an original research work submitted for the award of Ph.D.

(Dr. Azarmi Dukht Safawi) Professor Department of Persian ' IS Jr i}l^ ji uw *^i l}j^ [^ l^i-i^ J ^ ^ f'L w ~ > > ^"' V

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(^History of Persian language and Literature at the Mughal Court - Mohd. Abdul Ghani, Vol. I (Babur) P.150 Allahabad, 1929).

iii. Babur's stermy life ended in 1530 wt.en he was in the forty-eight year of his ege On 26 December 1530 Bobur Passed away in his palace at Agra. His dust lies in the garden below the hill at Kabul, 'The "weetest spot in the neighbourhood', which he had chosen to be his last resting place".

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He lived at the Mnghal Court a personal Physician to Babur and

Humaynn. ^nd also as Chief Mnnshi to the latter.

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One of his marvellous compositions is a Qasida which he wrote and p'-esonted to Akber on the occasion of Jahonylr's biri.h in 977 AH.It was consider" as masterpiece of Surprising skill ever disigned by any one before him.''

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ENGLISH BOOKS p fMptory of Tnrtln In tho Mmf» Willi nm I'lr.-Tl^ln r,nn'^on |;\''wi n 1 npibur «nd Hum»yun- h Hifltiory >')f Pprslpn languaqe Mohd.Abdvn Gani Allahabad lon and Literature at hhe nughal Court. An Fmpirr Hulldor of tho r, .F .Ruohbrook Delhi 10r)-K. Pixteonth century. Wl 11 lams

T - I- r ^ T . , n?bnr /^"^hl r oddl n Mohamm^r'. M > • r • • 1 i,t.-y w r/U Oxfo;- o !'• ; 1 memor»ts of Zeblr-ed-din & William University Mohammpc ^abur, emperor of Erskin London F,7nflrRtr-»n . rlarrirnl Pers1f»n T.ltora^vire . R11 p k 1 n 11 o .1 p e London \--\'--^s\ nrop'T' for notion Wn r1 n K i rman-i Al 1 qarh I'lfM

Fmpire AVber pnd tr.h<^ yl s o Col rr^l -C.-V. Ox ford of the Mnqhal . On 1 V ern ^ h ^z vMstor V of Tndl a • >lohn .ClrrV London 10r,-7 Marshman

Hutmayun Padshi=ih Maxwel1 CO 10/11 Luokno>..' FUiip;»yun in Persi? Sukmar Ray Calcll^^r•. ]'^A o.

MemorieJof Babur F.mperor of Licat-Coi one"" nelhi 1^1 A Tndir^ Pirst of •-'••.«^ Great: F-G-Talbot. f^nqha]

Bugh'3l poetry 5ts Cultural Hadi Hasan Marira^ IQf^il rind Historical value.

Muslim Rule in India V-D-Mahajan Delhi 19S3

The "ist'^fy of India RHiot and AHahabarl 1967 Dowson 'T'he History of Humayun Gul Padr^n f^eqam DrThi T^7? Flumayun Mama "^rans] at: <';'l hv Princess Rore Body Tari kh-e-Rashidi Doqhlat Mirz

The Saltanate of Pel hi Sbarma L.P. D'lhi IQPR

The Unioue niv;an of fium^yun Had-i Hasan Radshah

The Oxford F.tudents Migtory ¥incent Smith Calcu'Kn l'"7'' of India. CONTRIBUTION OF BABUR AND HUMAYUN TOWARDS PERSIAN LITERATURE

THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF Bottor of $t|tIo2;opIip

i^ PERSIAN

MISS RANA KHURSHEED

Under the Supervision of PROP. AZARNI DUKHT SAFAVI

DEPARTMENT OF PERSIAN ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 1996