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CONTRIBUTION of BABUR and HUMAYUN TOWARDS PERSIAN LITERATURE Jboctor of $I)Iios;Optip

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CONTRIBUTION of BABUR and HUMAYUN TOWARDS PERSIAN LITERATURE Jboctor of $I)Iios;Optip CONTRIBUTION OF BABUR AND HUMAYUN TOWARDS PERSIAN LITERATURE ABSTRACT THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF jBoctor of $I)iIos;optip IN ^ PERSIAN BY MISS RAN\ KHURSHEED Under the Supervision of PROF. AZARMI DUKHT SAFAVI DEPARTMENT OF PERSIAN ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 1996 r. ^^ss- Title : Contribution of Babur and Humayun towards Persain Literature. Supervisor : Prof. Azarmi Dukht Safavi Department of Persian Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh. ABSTRACT For nearly eight hundred years, Persian Language and literature has been an integral part of Indian life and culture. With the establishment of Mughal empire by Babur in 1526 A.D., Persian prose and poetry grew in every dimension and made in roads in all branches. Both Babur and Humayun were great patrons of art, pofttry and literature and had contribut­ ed a great deal for the promotion of Persian language and literature in Indian. The object of the present research work, being submitted for the award of Ph.D. is to assess and analyse the contribution of these two great Mughal kings to Persian literature. The thesis consists of an introduction and five chapters: The first chapter deals with the political and cultural conditions of Babur's time. It was deemed necessary to present a brief critical background of that particular period so as to familiaries the reader with the chief intellectual and cultural trends prevalant during Bubur's reign. The second chapter describes in detail, Babur's role as a great patron of literature and gives information about his Turkish/Persian poetry and the Tuzuk-i-Babari, an Important source of history. In the third chapter, a brief account of the social and political scene in India is given at the time of Humayun. The fourth chapter is devoted to critically analyse Humayun's own contribution to Persian poatry. The manuscripts of Humayun's Persian Diwan, available at Khuda Bukhsh library, Patna, has been compared with its printed edition (Edited by Dr. Hadi Hasan). The last and the fifth chapter has been divided into two parts: First part deals with some important scholars and writers of the period of both Babur andHumayun, (e.g. Ibrahim-Bin-JarirPMirza Haider Dughlat, JoharAftabchi, Yusufi etc), giving their biographical details, introducing their important works and analysing their literary value. The second part is devoted to poets. It provides a brief biographical sketch of some important poets, like Atashi Qandhari, Junoobi Badakhshani, Jamaii Dehlavi, Mir Owaisi, Qasim Kahi, Khankhanan Bairam Khan etc. A critical appreciation of their poetry is also provided. The main thrust of all the five chapters is to assess and establish the importance of the periods of these two Mughal emperors in promoting the cause of Persian literature in India. A detailed bibliography is appended at the end. axhi^Juj^' (MISS. RANA KHURSHEED) Department of Persian Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh. )) f-mj^ VI. -A ir s T4985 Dr.Azarmi Dukht Safawi I'HXVitlliU rs;ar, \c: TO WHOM IT MAV CONCERN This is to certify that Ms. Rana Khursheed, has worked under my supervision and the present research work entitled "CONTRIBUTION OF BABDR AND HUMAYUN TOWARDS PERSIAN LITERATURE" is an original research work submitted for the award of Ph.D. (Dr. Azarmi Dukht Safawi) Professor Department of Persian ' IS Jr i}l^ ji uw *^i l}j^ [^ l^i-i^ J ^ ^ f'L w ~ > > ^"' V » rr rr^^i 1A. q.v^ I • • ^r. \ro irv nr i*^ r- r^ (>' r^j>. rA r / ^^ -^ ' * • •• »* • / • ' *? • • * ' / • *• I • • »• t^ »4 " " •• ( ' ?' .^o-' •/*' • ^ / / ^/ / • • • I •^ • ^ 0 0. J ttf L. I -t. -./>.i;/;v.//4/uiu;^02y^£,>t^^^^^^y^^^, r r' I -. Uf^^ di" /yt L4£^< -f:^^ ^y '&/ >^ j^^J 4 —7^ 1 O&i X \ 1 t^^K CTA ^'-^ * * .«• * ** ^ i-UrOy; IU.j/^^r/o}^^ ^iL;^(TWyyjJl iiii'o^;;JVf'X/i'yc^ij^ .(yl/l>U * Hrj^^lyL*i ».-cf --1'^ t ^r-r. t^y I Jy. * • * > ** / » • r^r.r^H^,JJ;^,^yt (I . • » \Y c>>>Uc/UcJ^^ (T.LI^c/U^I^ Uj^t^LPy^t/^ Il^ * • ** * • • ^ * ^>yio}///* XxiUhJiS^J^OX);^^ dyoy/j\{J\^ » T ^ * / • • • ' —•—•—• i^^'</>L*yt*^ ^r^'//;' ^lMLj;/>if.iW(/,J>/y/,^t>/i', * rt ^ * • * •H* rr X rr <7tr/ rr 0^' .il )J> ii. He died at Agra in 937 A.H. (1530 AD) The followinCj chronogram was at once composed by his Court poets. (^History of Persian language and Literature at the Mughal Court - Mohd. Abdul Ghani, Vol. I (Babur) P.150 Allahabad, 1929). iii. Babur's stermy life ended in 1530 wt.en he was in the forty-eight year of his ege On 26 December 1530 Bobur Passed away in his palace at Agra. His dust lies in the garden below the hill at Kabul, 'The "weetest spot in the neighbourhood', which he had chosen to be his last resting place". (The oxford student's history of India, Vicent smith P. 148-149, Calcutta^]972) ri * n 1! ri^ f r • ••••» ' / * 3. Memories of Zher-ed-dih Mohammad B^bur, Emperor of Hindustan. by John Leyden and willian Erskin - Vol. II P. 428, England-1921. 1. An Empire Builder of the sixteenth century summary account of the political career of Zaheer-ed-din Mohammad Sarnaned Babur by L.F. Rush Brook Willians- Page No. 19 Ramnagar Delhi - 1915. rr J I rr H. ' •*.' / .. (cJ:>>;Vl/;r^UL>v^L^lJ')c>L>?Lylj'yc^'y^>^'> ' r I -r rr '.c^.^6\ •• • • * » » * •• • • i * ••»! • »••! 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V>^L> t;fl)f^if l/uiy^l/jl,>>l^./LU^lU ^^>> J't;y>> z^ '/O^' r- 4^pr L^ ^^i; V >r * * >M ^ - " ** y "* y" .£jj((J';,fJ M AA • • • / ^" » .a::>^;U^.r^A.c;-.j;i.6 --yi'vY.ui.Viy^Li^L u - • • • 9 'I ^/cjj^y^^jj'd' ^^y i^y^ (^c^ )/^j^j/ ^'* -c/'^>' '4^'i^'i->*-jyi<^y.*(P.y ai (H I I ^r (\0> >^c^.^j^'^W),c^i^j)^^\)y^~-)\\;\r 'i ^"s •1\ •X v. i ^l \^jiyj\i^:^it'} • •• (^Folios ) cj\$^ri^.L^\i'^d'>a('^M'^^\^{:)\h'!f^^)\P\{fj\iL^ ^A •.^UUy^/l^iirc/)^. (authenticity) c:;/^^^),^.^ :^y • («••••»» '!^. r.c.i/. (/^t,.!i»>. oli iiciyif o to lyj'-i^'y tC' ^l:^';/>c:;:^. 4^^^^ '^j^l/r^j^y i>Vt^;i;;^>/(jy l^/(/^^^ Present and previous Collections of Humyun's verses. •^ »• ^ . •• • ".d- t^ I" rJi^ci/^HTy-if:f'^>cf;(^j^^,L/.cr^i^H/^^''^^^ t^XcJ 6\j^ i:)\j\ij^ ^^.c^ (// (3y^ ^/>i; • • » * • to* •• * • «•* tUL ^ tL , " t," ' / , »• '^^ .L^^F/if {:)\hoh^ d>(/>.''x • V* )JJ^ (/(}'(bbf/^ f.c!^/ .ri^i^.^ '/)^h'i5A'^-^J''>^>\^i^ * XI >yy u^y u^ i • • •• u^ * • • — — I" " ::^;^b i,(>^'^ J7(y lJjJb> tf^i^^ (//.^;fy J^^ .^y //. ^ W' • * JV_ i-i^^ • i^j l> I i^^c/'>^«-<i v^/y-* 14^ ^ ^/U! 4'^'•i^-'^' ^'2 (r/''r(/j;).6);:i^Vyrc ' * * - * »• •• • iy^'(,/(^jy^)(^irtr,\^ L^< oi- 4 ^I'^io,/ t/; u ,[)^ /]AJ /(JJJJ ^ -^ ^li)ijfd^J'J::^yt, jy I JL/;/ V> ;; - 4-uO^/i?L^ ill ^ (IA V) ICTJ'^^^J'^(/^^^ DM (JfX U ^ t O* J y l7>; C^ }^; (/y cj^ii^ * - I / -• • •' . y » • y > i, / .[tPij* ^^wj^ o[ij)U ^ ^ ' • ' *. "Above letter contained also four verses qi^oted rrom salman-e-sawaji." rri.(/JJl.6'.t)yU^->U'U^/^^lr')c_/:^ci ***** *• It' —. ' t "^ I • >. • >» "Perhaps the verses were not even quoted by Hamayun. Thpy represent Humayun's feelings as interperted by Abul- Fazal". •• •• •• "^ • \{f-:^6\^> Ujf S ^ /^^JL// /A J * / ^-f^/ J^>/ c^/j >'>^ v> /-^!>^'Li( ;L .ji^vL c^b^-y (i;l^/f. \ri> • fc* » "^X • • ^^ ^^ ^ W * /y * 0^ • • ••i ^ ^ IK> '•'^., Zj\MjliiJ^ (1^^-4/cHc^^i^-Oil (;>>/;(/) » •• :^o}^^\j[j>\\iJ\ffO\l)-Jjfif^::^\.^y irr rr \r})Cj^x:^r^\f^\ - ,r^^ jy.d/ /J\ :i^^ij:)/\i/t Li^^i/j»7CA^;ic>(; -^•^.cf^i/c/'xi^oi^ A^J ^JjO/ij^ii: i^yiym AIM ^' \Y'^ /<» ^''^ -^- "'"•'••'y"n ,n ,i.,. K,,y ,.. ,, ,.„,,.,„,„ I'MH. ' \n ii. It was nppnronlly in 9 5 7/155.. C.A. f.Lory Srv^ II. l.\i.'; J. p. \\2. \r/\ iri • • • • - •* y .
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