DOCSLIB.ORG

The Role of Warfare in the Formation of the State In

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

--------------�--- -------- ----- THE ROLE OF WARFARE IN THE FORMATION OF THE STATE IN KOREA: HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL APPROACHES by BONG WON KANG A DISSERTATION Presented to the Department of Anthropology and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 1995 11 "The Role of Warfare in the Formation of the State in Korea: Historical and Archaeological Approaches," a dissertation prepared by Bong W. Kang in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in the Department of Anthropology. This dissertation has been approved and accepted by: Cha c Date Committee in charge: Dr. C. Melvin Aikens, Chair Dr. Vernon Dorjahn Dr. William S. Ayres Dr. William G. Loy �UE)l UOM �uog S661ll.{�pAdo:J ITT IV I" An Abstract of the Dissertation of Bong Won Kang for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy t' in the Department of Anthropology to be taken June 1995 Title: THE ROLE OF WARFARE IN THE FORMATION OF THE STATE IN ' KOREA: HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL APPROACHES f I Approved: ). I Dr. C. Melvin Aikens f l This dissertation is concerned with the formation of the Silla Kingdom, a protohistoric state located in the southeastern portion of the Korean peninsula. Combining theoretical issues and empirical data concerning state formation, I present a case study of how one prime mover, warfare, played a role in the formation of the Silla Kingdom between the first and fifth centuries A.D. Two hypotheses associated with the significance of warfare were formulated and tested against both historical and archaeological data. To examine alternative models about the role of irrigation works and long-distance exchange in the development of the Silla Kingdom, I analyzed relevant historical documents, stelae, and selected archaeological data. Both documentary and archaeological data suggest that irrigation works and long­ distance exchange were not sufficiently influential to claim critical roles in the emergence of the state in southeastern Korea. To test hypotheses formulated about the role of warfare, a number of bronze and iron weapons excavated from burials in southeastern Korea were v quantified and analyzed in conjunction with data on wars mentioned in the historical documents. In particular, an analysis of empirical data on various kinds of metal weapons that probably were used in battles strongly supports the premise that warfare was a significant factor in the state formation process of the Silla Kingdom between the first and fifth centuries. Both historical and archaeological sources also reveal that there was a continuous local indigenous development from lower-level sociopolitical stages to higher-level ones in southeastern Korea, finally dominated by the Silla kingdom. Furthermore, based upon the results of mortuary analysis, I conclude that the Silla Kingdom became a state-level society sometime between the middle of the fourth and the beginning of the fifth centuries during the reign of King Naemul (356-402 A.D.). Vl CURRICULUM VITA NAME OF AUTHOR: Bong Won Kang PLACE OF BIRTH: Euisung, North Gyungsang Province, Korea DATE OF BIRTH: December 16, 1954 GRADUATE AND UNDERGRADUATE SCHOOLS ATTENDED: University of Oregon Arizona State University, Graduate School Kyung Hee University, Graduate School, Korea Kyung Hee University, Korea DEGREES AWARDED: Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology, 1995, University of Oregon Master of Arts in Anthropology, 1990, Arizona State University Master of Arts in History, 1984, Kyung Hee University, Korea Bachelor of Arts in History, 1981, Kyung Hee University, Korea AREAS OF SPECIAL INTEREST: Anthropology of Complex Society, Historical Archaeology, Quantitative Archaeology, Science of Philosophy, Northeast Asian Archaeology PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE: Instructor, Anthropology 310, Prehistory of Korea, in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Oregon, Eugene, 1995. Graduate Teaching Fellow, Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, 1991-1994 Vll Ceramic Analyst (Part-time), Soil Systems Inc., 1121 North 2nd Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004. (602)-253-4938, 493.9. 1989-1991 Part-time Lecturer (Teaching History) in Inchun Junior College, Inchun, Kyunggi, Korea, 1985-1986 Museum Curator (Full-time), Kyung Hee University Central Museum, Huegidong 1, Dongdaemungu, Seoul, Korea, 1981-1986 AWARDS AND HONORS: Homer G. Barnett Fellowship, Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene 1994-1995, Dissertation Research Fellowship, Graduate School, University of Oregon, Eugene 1994-1995 PUBLICATIONS: Kang, Bong Won 1994 The Impact of Warfare in the Formation of Complex Societies in the Protohistoric Korean Peninsula. Paper presented at the 59th Annual Meeting of Society for American Archaeology, in Anaheim, California, April. 1993 An Examination of an Intermediate Socioevolutionary Type Between Chiefdom and State. Paper presented at the 58th Annual Meeting of Society for American Archaeology, in Saint Louis, Missouri, April. 1993 Social Structure in a Megalithic Tomb Society in Korea. Papers of the British Association fo r Korean Studies 4:197-215. 1992 'Walled-Town State" in Korean Ancient History: A Critique. Prehistory and Ancient History (Seonsa Wa Godae) 3:127-154. (in Korean with English abstract). 1992 A Reexamination of Korean Megalithic Tombs and Social Organization. Paper presented at the 57th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania April. Vlll 1991 A Megalithic Tomb Society in Korea: A Social Reconstruction. Hanguk Sanggosa Hakbo (Journal of Korean Ancient Historical Society) 7:135-222.(in English with Korean abstract) 1991 A Preliminary Study of the Relationship Between House Orientations and Thermal Efficiency. Paper presented at the 56th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, New Orleans, Louisiana, April. 1991 Social Structure in a Megalithic Tomb Society in Korea. Paper Presented at the Seminar on Korean Archaeology. Cambridge University, England, March. 1986 Kaya Eui Jungchijuk Baljungwa Kyungjaejuk Baekyungae Kwanhan Sogo [A Study of the Political Development and Economic Background of Kaya] Kyung Hee Sahak 12-13:1-20.(in Korean) 1985 Yuksahak Yeongubub [A Method of the Study of History] (in Japanese), translated into Korean. Minjok Munhwasa, Seoul, Korea. 1984 Kaya Jaeguk Eui Hyungsung Sikiwa Kangyeokae Kwanhan Yeongu [A Study of the Formation Date and Territory of Kaya]. Daehakwon Nonmoonjib 12:7-33.(in Korean) Hwang, Yong Hoon and Bong Won Kang 1982 Hyunduk Wanghoo Paeneonggi Balgul Josabogosuh [Excavation Report for the Destroyed Mausoleum of Queen Hyunduk] (in Korean). Kyung Hee University Museum, Seoul, Korea. lX ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express sincere appreciation to the members of my doctoral committee, Dr. C. Melvin Aikens (chair), Dr. Vernon Dorjahn, Dr. William S. Ayres, and Dr. William G. Loy, for their invaluable supervision in the preparation of this manuscript. Dr. Aikens' encouragement and support helped me get through the program as quickly as possible, otherwise it would have taken several more years, which is not uncommon in this discipline these days. Dr. Dorjahn provided a wide range of sociocultural anthropological background and ample study cases of African sociopolitical transformation. Dr. Ayres' insight into epistemology and quantitative methods helped me not to wander around in terms of archaeological data analysis and interpretation. I owe much to the fourth member of my committee, Dr. Loy, who helped me to understand the fundamentals of geography and cartography. Apart from their academic help, I was especially impressed by my entire committee's warm heartedness which made me work under such a nice environment. I owe a particular debt to the Department of Anthropology and the Graduate School at the University of Oregon for their financial support from the beginning to the end of my Ph.D. program. The support provided me not only financial solutions but also a great opportunity to accumulate teaching experience with a foreign language. I give many thanks to Dr. Song-nai Rhee, who was always available and allowed me to use his library. Numerous conversations with him over many years concerning Korean history and X archaeology were critical for me to transform my shaky ideas into more concrete ones. I should give a special thanks to an old professor of mine, Dr. Yong-guk Tak. He sent me a number of letters for nine years to emotionally support and encourage me and always showed his deep concern for my family. Dr. Mong-lyong Choi and Dr. Ki-dong Bae also provided great moral support, which was very helpful along the way. Many thanks to Dr. Yi-gu Kwon, then the Director of Youngnam University Museum, and Do-young Yang, Yong-sung Kim, Soo-nam Kim, and Jae-gyung Lee, staff at the Museum. They allowed me to take part in one of their archaeological projects during the summer of 1993, which enabled me to become familiar with the archaeology of the Silla Kingdom and to collect a great amount of archeological data. Thanks also goes to Gyung-taik Kim, who lent me a number of Korean archaeological excavation reports of which the contents turned out to be a major portion of my data. Jong-gyu Choi, Gyung­ chul Shin, and Soo-nam Kim Sin, with whom I corresponded, responded readily to my requests for references and papers. Special thanks goes to Dr. Pete Armitage, Jerry Marr, and Jeff Fentress for providing many valuable suggestions, theoretical and methodological insights,
Recommended publications
  • Sunshine in Korea

    Sunshine in Korea

    CENTER FOR ASIA PACIFIC POLICY International Programs at RAND CHILDREN AND FAMILIES The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that EDUCATION AND THE ARTS helps improve policy and decisionmaking through ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT research and analysis. HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE This electronic document was made available from INFRASTRUCTURE AND www.rand.org as a public service of the RAND TRANSPORTATION Corporation. INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LAW AND BUSINESS NATIONAL SECURITY Skip all front matter: Jump to Page 16 POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Support RAND Purchase this document TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY Browse Reports & Bookstore Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore the RAND Center for Asia Pacific Policy View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND electronic documents to a non-RAND website is prohibited. RAND electronic documents are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. The monograph/report was a product of the RAND Corporation from 1993 to 2003. RAND monograph/reports presented major research findings that addressed the challenges facing the public and private sectors. They included executive summaries, technical documentation, and synthesis pieces. Sunshine in Korea The South Korean Debate over Policies Toward North Korea Norman D.
  • Zainichi Chōsenjin and the Independence Movement in Everyday Life

    Zainichi Chōsenjin and the Independence Movement in Everyday Life

    International Journal of Korean History (Vol.17 No.2, Aug.2012) 29 Zainichi Chōsenjin and the Independence Movement in Everyday Life Choi Jinseok (Ch’oe Chinsŏk)* Introduction “Zainichi (在日, Migrants from Korea),” “Kankokujin (韓国人),” Chōsenjin (朝鮮人),” “Korean,” I have long been concerned about how I should refer to myself within Japanese society. Should I introduce myself as a Zainichi, Kankokujin, Chōsenjin, or Korean? The task of introducing myself may appear to be a simple one. However, it is in fact a complex matter whose roots can be traced back some 100 years. After much hesita- tion, I have decided to introduce myself as “Chōsenjin.” This is because I have decided to be one with my history The term “Chōsenjin” is one that is very difficult to translate into Ko- rean. While Chōsenjin can be conveyed as Chosŏnin, or people of Chosŏn, the translation of the echoes associated with “Chōsenjin” is a much more complex task. The term “Chōsenjin” is still accompanied by negative vestiges in Japan. Chōsenjin is a racially discriminative word that was created by Japanese and internalized by the people of Chosŏn. Neverthe- less, the vestiges associated with “Chōsenjin” are not always negative. For me to introduce myself to others as Chōsenjin evokes a profound emotion akin to love and hatred. As such, “Chōsenjin” is a term that connotes contradictory notions. * Associate Professor, Hiroshima University. 30 Zainichi Chōsenjin and the Independence Movement in Everyday Life The difficulty translating “Chōsenjin” emanates from the existence of a line dividing our people. This line dividing us did not originally exist, nor was it desired.
  • Yun Mi Hwang Phd Thesis

    Yun Mi Hwang Phd Thesis

    SOUTH KOREAN HISTORICAL DRAMA: GENDER, NATION AND THE HERITAGE INDUSTRY Yun Mi Hwang A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 2011 Full metadata for this item is available in St Andrews Research Repository at: http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1924 This item is protected by original copyright This item is licensed under a Creative Commons Licence SOUTH KOREAN HISTORICAL DRAMA: GENDER, NATION AND THE HERITAGE INDUSTRY YUN MI HWANG Thesis Submitted to the University of St Andrews for the Degree of PhD in Film Studies 2011 DECLARATIONS I, Yun Mi Hwang, hereby certify that this thesis, which is approximately 80,000 words in length, has been written by me, that it is the record of work carried out by me and that it has not been submitted in any previous application for a higher degree. I was admitted as a research student and as a candidate for the degree of PhD in September 2006; the higher study for which this is a record was carried out in the University of St Andrews between 2006 and 2010. I, Yun Mi Hwang, received assistance in the writing of this thesis in respect of language and grammar, which was provided by R.A.M Wright. Date …17 May 2011.… signature of candidate ……………… I hereby certify that the candidate has fulfilled the conditions of the Resolution and Regulations appropriate for the degree of PhD in the University of St Andrews and that the candidate is qualified to submit this thesis in application for that degree.
  • 'Tonghae(East Sea)' in the Korean Historical Documents

    'Tonghae(East Sea)' in the Korean Historical Documents

    The Geographical Name of 'Tonghae(East Sea)' in the Korean Historical Documents. Sang-Tae Yee (Senior Researcher, National History Compilation Committee) <summary> In the history of mankind, rivers. mountains and sea have been given names by those who lived nearby, reflecting that culture's particular system of values and beliefs. In this way, geographical names are part of a nation's cultural heritage. Living on a peninsula sUITOlmded on three sides by water, Korea's ancestors naturally had a deep interest in the sea. Their concept of space was probably based largely on the principles of ohaeng sasang, the "five pillars" of north, south, eats, west, and the center. The designations "East" sea and "West' sea must have been natural consequences of this philosophical perspective. The first historical reference to Tonghae, or East Sea, dates back to Samguk sagi, ("History of the Three kingdom"), in a passage on King Tongmyong, founder of the Koguryo Dynasty: "Prime Minister Aranbul of the North Puyo Kingdom told his king that ' one day the son of Heaven came to earth and told the people here that they should vacate this area because it was where his descendants would establish their kingdom in the future, and that they should move to a place called Kasopwon on the coast of the East Sea. The Son of Heaven also said that they find the place fertile and well suited a capital there.' Accepting Aranbul's recommendation, the king moved his capital and renamed his kingdom East Puyo." The descendants mentioned by the Son of Heaven are believed to refer to king Tongmyong of Koguryo.
  • Exploring Aspects of Korean Traditional Music in Young Jo Lee's

    Exploring Aspects of Korean Traditional Music in Young Jo Lee's

    EXPLORING ASPECTS OF KOREAN TRADITIONAL MUSIC IN YOUNG JO LEE’S PIANO HONZA NORI Jin Kim, B.M., M.M. Dissertation Prepared for the Degree of DOCTOR OF MUSICAL ARTS UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS August 2013 APPROVED: Adam Wodnicki, Major Professor Elvia Puccinelli, Committee Member Joseph Banowetz, Committee Member Steven Harlos, Chair of the Division of Keyboard Studies John Murphy, Interim Director of Graduate Studies in the College of Music James C. Scott, Dean of the College of Music Mark Wardell, Dean of the Toulouse Graduate School Kim, Jin. Exploring Aspects of Korean Traditional Music in Young Jo Lee’s Piano Honza Nori. Doctor of Musical Arts (Performance), August 2013, 29 pp., 4 tables, 9 figures, 13 musical examples, bibliography, 32 titles. Since the 1960s, several gifted Korean composers, including perhaps most notably Young Jo Lee (b. 1943), have been internationally acclaimed for their work. In Western countries, however, there has been a scarcity of academic studies examining the artistry of the music of these Korean composers. Nonetheless, as one of today’s most recognized composers in Korea, Young Jo Lee has been invited to numerous international concerts, conferences, and festivals where his works have been played and discussed. A salient feature of his compositions is the fusion of Korean traditional music and the elements of Western compositions, such as in, for one distinctive example, his piano composition, Piano Honza Nori. This musical study describes and analyzes how Lee integrates Korean traditional elements with Western musical ideas in Piano Honza Nori. Results of this study will contribute to the limited literature on the analysis of contemporary piano composition that integrates Korean traditional elements.
  • PARK JIN HYOK, Also Known As ("Aka") "Jin Hyok Park," Aka "Pak Jin Hek," Case Fl·J 18 - 1 4 79

    PARK JIN HYOK, Also Known As ("Aka") "Jin Hyok Park," Aka "Pak Jin Hek," Case Fl·J 18 - 1 4 79

    AO 91 (Rev. 11/11) Criminal Complaint UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT for the RLED Central District of California CLERK U.S. DIS RICT United States ofAmerica JUN - 8 ?018 [ --- .. ~- ·~".... ~-~,..,. v. CENT\:y'\ l i\:,: ffl1G1 OF__ CAUFORN! BY .·-. ....-~- - ____D=E--..... PARK JIN HYOK, also known as ("aka") "Jin Hyok Park," aka "Pak Jin Hek," Case fl·J 18 - 1 4 79 Defendant. CRIMINAL COMPLAINT I, the complainant in this case, state that the following is true to the best ofmy knowledge and belief. Beginning no later than September 2, 2014 and continuing through at least August 3, 2017, in the county ofLos Angeles in the Central District of California, the defendant violated: Code Section Offense Description 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy 18 u.s.c. § 1349 Conspiracy to Commit Wire Fraud This criminal complaint is based on these facts: Please see attached affidavit. IBJ Continued on the attached sheet. Isl Complainant's signature Nathan P. Shields, Special Agent, FBI Printed name and title Sworn to before ~e and signed in my presence. Date: ROZELLA A OLIVER Judge's signature City and state: Los Angeles, California Hon. Rozella A. Oliver, U.S. Magistrate Judge Printed name and title -:"'~~ ,4G'L--- A-SA AUSAs: Stephanie S. Christensen, x3756; Anthony J. Lewis, x1786; & Anil J. Antony, x6579 REC: Detention Contents I. INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................1 II. PURPOSE OF AFFIDAVIT ......................................................................1 III. SUMMARY................................................................................................3
  • Spatial Variations in Fertility of South Korea: a Geographically Weighted Regression Approach

    Spatial Variations in Fertility of South Korea: a Geographically Weighted Regression Approach

    International Journal of Geo-Information Article Spatial Variations in Fertility of South Korea: A Geographically Weighted Regression Approach Myunggu Jung 1 , Woorim Ko 2, Yeohee Choi 3 and Youngtae Cho 2,* 1 Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; [email protected] 2 Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; [email protected] 3 Department of Social Welfare, Graduate School of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-2-880-2820 Received: 5 May 2019; Accepted: 4 June 2019; Published: 5 June 2019 Abstract: South Korea has witnessed a remarkable decline in birth rates in the last few decades. Although there has been a large volume of literature exploring the determinants of low fertility in South Korea, studies on spatial variations in fertility are scarce. This study compares the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) models to investigate the potential role of the spatially heterogeneous response of the total fertility rate (TFR) to sociodemographic factors. The study finds that the relationships between sociodemographic factors and TFRs in South Korea vary across 252 sub-administrative areas in terms of both magnitude and direction. This study therefore demonstrates the value of using spatial analysis for providing evidence-based local-population policy options in pursuit of a fertility rebound in South Korea. Keywords: low fertility; spatial analysis; GIS; regional fertility differentials; total fertility rate 1. Introduction In the last few decades, South Korea has witnessed a remarkable decline in birth rates.
  • Strangers at Home: North Koreans in the South

    Strangers at Home: North Koreans in the South

    STRANGERS AT HOME: NORTH KOREANS IN THE SOUTH Asia Report N°208 – 14 July 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... i I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 II. CHANGING POLICIES TOWARDS DEFECTORS ................................................... 2 III. LESSONS FROM KOREAN HISTORY ........................................................................ 5 A. COLD WAR USES AND ABUSES .................................................................................................... 5 B. CHANGING GOVERNMENT ATTITUDES ......................................................................................... 8 C. A CHANGING NATION .................................................................................................................. 9 IV. THE PROBLEMS DEFECTORS FACE ...................................................................... 11 A. HEALTH ..................................................................................................................................... 11 1. Mental health ............................................................................................................................. 11 2. Physical health ........................................................................................................................... 12 B. LIVELIHOODS ............................................................................................................................
  • Korean History in Maps: from Prehistory to the Twenty-First Century Edited by Michael D

    Korean History in Maps: from Prehistory to the Twenty-First Century Edited by Michael D

    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09846-6 - Korean History in Maps: From Prehistory to the Twenty-First Century Edited by Michael D. Shin Frontmatter More information Korean History in Maps Korean History in Maps is a beautifully presented, full-color atlas covering all periods of Korean history from prehistoric times to the present day. It is the first atlas of its kind to be specifically designed for students in English-speaking countries. There is a map for each era in Korean history, showing every major kingdom or polity that existed on the Korean peninsula, and maps are also included for topics of additional historical interest, including each major war that took place. In addition, the atlas contains chronologies, lists of monarchs, and overviews of the politics, economy, society, and culture for each era which are complemented by numerous photos and full-color images of artifacts, paintings, and architectural structures. This fascinating historical atlas is a complete reference work and unique teaching tool for all scholars and students of Korean and East Asian history. I © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09846-6 - Korean History in Maps: From Prehistory to the Twenty-First Century Edited by Michael D. Shin Frontmatter More information © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09846-6 - Korean History in Maps: From Prehistory to the Twenty-First Century Edited by Michael D. Shin Frontmatter More information Korean History in Maps From Prehistory to the Twenty-first Century EDITED BY Michael D.
  • Democratic People's Republic of Korea INDIVIDUALS

    Democratic People's Republic of Korea INDIVIDUALS

    CONSOLIDATED LIST OF FINANCIAL SANCTIONS TARGETS IN THE UK Last Updated:21/01/2021 Status: Asset Freeze Targets REGIME: Democratic People's Republic of Korea INDIVIDUALS 1. Name 6: AN 1: JONG 2: HYUK 3: n/a 4: n/a 5: n/a. Title: Diplomat DOB: 14/03/1970. a.k.a: AN, Jong, Hyok Nationality: Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) Passport Details: 563410155 Address: Egypt.Position: Diplomat DPRK Embassy Egypt Other Information: (UK Sanctions List Ref):DPR0001 Date designated on UK Sanctions List: 31/12/2020 (Further Identifiying Information):Associations with Green Pine Corporation and DPRK Embassy Egypt (UK Statement of Reasons):Representative of Saeng Pil Trading Corporation, an alias of Green Pine Associated Corporation, and DPRK diplomat in Egypt.Green Pine has been designated by the UN for activities including breach of the UN arms embargo.An Jong Hyuk was authorised to conduct all types of business on behalf of Saeng Pil, including signing and implementing contracts and banking business.The company specialises in the construction of naval vessels and the design, fabrication and installation of electronic communication and marine navigation equipment. (Gender):Male Listed on: 22/01/2018 Last Updated: 31/12/2020 Group ID: 13590. 2. Name 6: BONG 1: PAEK 2: SE 3: n/a 4: n/a 5: n/a. DOB: 21/03/1938. Nationality: Democratic People's Republic of Korea Position: Former Chairman of the Second Economic Committee,Former member of the National Defense Commission,Former Vice Director of Munitions Industry Department (MID) Other Information: (UK Sanctions List Ref):DPR0251 (UN Ref): KPi.048 (Further Identifiying Information):Paek Se Bong is a former Chairman of the Second Economic Committee, a former member of the National Defense Commission, and a former Vice Director of Munitions Industry Department (MID) Listed on: 05/06/2017 Last Updated: 31/12/2020 Group ID: 13478.
  • The History of Dokdo Since Isabu Conquered Usanguk in 512 A.D

    The History of Dokdo Since Isabu Conquered Usanguk in 512 A.D

    Dokdo Dokdo is a small island, but is rich in marine products and mineral resources. Dokdo, our only marine base on the East Sea extends our territory farther towards the East. The Natural Environment of Dokdo Dokdo has a mild climate for people to live in with warm temperatures and precipitation of 1,300mm per year. The size of this small island is 0.233km2 and the color of the island is dark reflecting the color of the trachyte and tuff. In November 1965, a fountain was found at the northeast side of Seodo and people began to inhabit Dokdo. ■ The History of Dokdo Since Isabu conquered Usanguk in 512 A.D. (the 13th year of King Jijeung, Silla Kingdom), Dokdo has been a part of Korea's territory. During the Goryeo dynasty, Dokdo was left uninhabited, however, Korean fishermen continued fishing around Dokdo Island through the Joseon dynasty. In 1953, the Dokdo Volunteer Garrison deterred the Japanese from landing on the island, and our efforts to defend Dokdo continues. 1. Three Kingdom Period There are not many records on Dokdo during the Three Kingdom Period. However, Samguksagi (the History of Three Kingdoms) writes about the conquest of Dokdo by Isabu. The Conquest of Dokdo Isabu conquered Usanguk, consisting of Ulleungdo and Dokdo, in A.D. 512 (the 13th year of King Jijeung of Silla). Since then, Ulleungdo and Dokdo were incorporated into Korea. Usanguk paid tribute to Silla every year, and after the fall of Silla, its tribute continued to Goryeo. 2. Goryeo Though a specific record of Dokdo cannot be found, the records on Ulleungdo allow us to figure out what Dokdo was like at that time.
  • Arts of Asia Lecture Series Fall 2016 Women, Real and Imagined, in Asian Art Sponsored by the Society for Asian Art

    Arts of Asia Lecture Series Fall 2016 Women, Real and Imagined, in Asian Art Sponsored by the Society for Asian Art

    Arts of Asia Lecture Series Fall 2016 Women, Real and Imagined, In Asian Art Sponsored by The Society for Asian Art Queen Seondeok (r. 632 - 647) of Silla: Korea’s First Queen Kumja Paik Kim, March 10, 2017 Study Guide Queen Seondeok 선덕여왕 善德女王 (r. 632-647) Queen Seondeok’s given name Deokman 덕만 德曼; born in Gyeongju 경주 慶州 King Jinpyeong 진평왕 眞平王 (r. 579-632) and Lady Maya 마야보인 摩耶夫人 Monuments built with Queen Seondeok’s Support: 1. Cheomseong-dae 첨성대 瞻星臺 (star observing platform or star gazing tower) 2. Bunhwang-sa 분황사 芬皇寺, Gyeongju – Venerable Jajang 자장 慈藏 (590–658) 3. Nine-story pagoda구층탑 九層塔, 645 at Hwangyong-sa 황용사 皇龍寺, 553-569, Gyeongju, architect: Abiji 아비지 阿非知 – Venerable Jajang 4. Tongdo-sa 통도사 通度寺, 646, Yangsan near Busan – Veneralble Jajang Samguk Sagi 삼국사기 三國史記 (History of the Three Kingdoms) by Kim Bu-sik 김부식 金富軾 (1075-1151), 1145 Samguk Yusa 삼국유사 三國遺史(Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms) by monk Iryeon 일연一然 (1206-1289), 1285 Queen Seondeok’s three predictions = Jigi Samsa 지기삼사 知幾三事 Two other Silla Queens = Jindeok 진덕여왕 眞德女王 (r. 647-654) and Jinseong 진성여왕 眞聖女王 (r. 887-897) Silla’s Ruling Clans: Pak 박 朴; Seok 석 昔; and Kim 김 金 Bak (Pak) Hyeokkeose 박혁거세 朴赫居世 (r. 69 BCE – 4 CE) Seok Talhae 석탈해 昔脫解 (r. 57 – 80) 鵲 – 鳥 = 昔 (Seok) Kim Alji 김알지 金閼智 (67 - ?) Michu 미추 味鄒 (r. 262-284), the first Silla ruler from the Kim clan Queen Seondeok’s Sisters: Princess Seonhwa and Princess Cheonmyeong (King Muyeol’s mother) Silla’s Bone-rank (golpum 골품 骨品) system: 1) sacred-bone (seonggol 성골聖骨) 2) true-bone (jingol 진골 眞骨) 3) head-rank (dupum 두품 頭品) The Great Tomb of Hwangnam, Northern Mound: Hwangnam Daechong Bukbun 황남대총북분 皇南大塚北墳 Tomb of the Auspicious Phoenix: Seobong-chong 서봉총 瑞鳳塚 Seoseo 서서 瑞西 (瑞); Bonghwang 봉황 鳳凰 (鳳); chong 총 塚 Maripgan 마립간 麻立干: Naemul (356-402); Silseong (402-417): Nulji (417-458); Jabi (458-479); Soji (479-500) Wang 왕 王: From King Jijeung (r.