The Indistinct Image of the Golem: an Aspect of the Uncanny
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History of the Jews Vol. V
History of the Jews Vol. V By Heinrich Graetz HISTORY OF THE JEWS CHAPTER I CHMIELNICKI AND THE PERSECUTION OF THE JEWS OF POLAND BY THE COSSACKS Condition of the Jews in Poland before the Outbreak of Persecution— Influence of the Jesuits—Characteristics of Poles and Jews—The Home of the Cossacks—Repression of the Cossacks by the Government—Jews appointed as Tax Farmers—Jurisdiction of the Synods—The Study of the Talmud in Poland—Hebrew Literature in that Country becomes entirely Rabbinical—Character of Polish Judaism—Jews and Cossacks— Chmielnicki—Sufferings of the Jews in consequence of his Successes—The Tartar Haidamaks—Fearful Massacres in Nemirov, Tulczyn, and Homel— Prince Vishnioviecki—Massacres at Polonnoie, Lemberg, Narol, and in other Towns—John Casimir—Lipmann Heller and Sabbataï Cohen—Renewal of the War between Cossacks and Poles—Russians join Cossacks in attacking the Jews—Charles X of Sweden—The Polish Fugitives—"Polonization" of Judaism. 1648–1656 C. E. Poland ceased to be a haven for the sons of Judah, when its short-sighted kings summoned the Jesuits to supervise the training of the young nobles and the clergy and crush the spirit of the Polish dissidents. These originators of disunion, to whom the frequent partition of Poland must be attributed, sought to undermine the unobtrusive power which the Jews, through their money and prudence, exercised over the nobles, and they combined with their other foes, German workmen and trades-people, members of the guilds, to restrict and oppress them. After that time there were repeated persecutions of Jews in Poland; sometimes the German guild members, sometimes the disciples of the Jesuits, raised a hue and cry against them. -
Film Front Weimar: Representations of the First World War in German Films from the Weimar Period (1919-1933) Kester, Bernadette
www.ssoar.info Film Front Weimar: Representations of the First World War in German Films from the Weimar Period (1919-1933) Kester, Bernadette Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Monographie / monograph Zur Verfügung gestellt in Kooperation mit / provided in cooperation with: OAPEN (Open Access Publishing in European Networks) Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Kester, B. (2002). Film Front Weimar: Representations of the First World War in German Films from the Weimar Period (1919-1933). (Film Culture in Transition). Amsterdam: Amsterdam Univ. Press. https://nbn-resolving.org/ urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-317059 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-NC-ND Lizenz This document is made available under a CC BY-NC-ND Licence (Namensnennung-Nicht-kommerziell-Keine Bearbeitung) zur (Attribution-Non Comercial-NoDerivatives). For more Information Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de * pb ‘Film Front Weimar’ 30-10-2002 14:10 Pagina 1 The Weimar Republic is widely regarded as a pre- cursor to the Nazi era and as a period in which jazz, achitecture and expressionist films all contributed to FILM FRONT WEIMAR BERNADETTE KESTER a cultural flourishing. The so-called Golden Twenties FFILMILM FILM however was also a decade in which Germany had to deal with the aftermath of the First World War. Film CULTURE CULTURE Front Weimar shows how Germany tried to reconcile IN TRANSITION IN TRANSITION the horrendous experiences of the war through the war films made between 1919 and 1933. -
Finding Golem
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Senior Thesis Projects, 2003-2006 College Scholars 2005 Finding Golem Elizabeth Abbot Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_interstp3 Recommended Citation Abbot, Elizabeth, "Finding Golem" (2005). Senior Thesis Projects, 2003-2006. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_interstp3/3 This Project is brought to you for free and open access by the College Scholars at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Thesis Projects, 2003-2006 by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ,i 1 FORMC COLLEGE SCHOlARS PROJECT APPROVAL EhzabettA. Abbo-\-\ Scholar Mentor r; (\ d d\ 3 <; D \e VV\ Project Title COMMITTEE MEMBERS (Minimum 3 Required) Name Signature .~~ 2J7{0I¥J k~ PLEASE ATTACH A COpy OF THE SENIOR PROJECT TO THIS SHEET AND RETURN BOTH TO THE PROGRAM DIRECTOR. THIS PAGE SHOULD BE DATED AND COMPLETED ON THE DATE THAT YOUR DEFENSE IS HELD . ..-:1' i I /" DATE COMPLETED ----.t-S."../-!2-..\0.1 ....... / L_'?_~_ Finding Golem 1 Finding Golem Elizabeth Abbott University of Tennessee Finding Golem 2 Letter to the Reader In our society, we often focus entirely on producing a desired result without taking the process of creation into account. This project, however, is more about the journey taken than the product achieved. Behind all of my research on Golem, personal questions about the roles of language and creativity have motivated my work. The four separate parts of the following project are intended to highlight the distinct paths I have taken over the last two years to get to this point. -
Jewish Renaissance
THE YIDDISHISTS OUR SERIES DELVES INTO THE TREASURES OF THE WORLD’S BIGGEST YIDDISH ARCHIVE AT YIVO INSTITUTE FOR JEWISH RESEARCH Left: Performance photo from the Habima production Sephardi of The Golem, 1925; Below: Drawing of the golem and the Maharal from the 1925 Habima production of H Leivick’s play RENAISSANCE wipes away the holy name of God from the golem’s forehead. In doing so, the golem falls on top of Elijah Ba’al Shem, leaving him cut and battered. In the early 20th century, the golem of Prague took on an added dimension that was entirely absent from earlier tellings. Thanks mainly to a fabricated story produced by a chasidic rabbi from Warsaw which he passed off as being written by the Maharal’s son-in-law, the golem now protected the Jewish community from a pogrom brought about by a blood libel accusation. This version coincided with 58 PHOTOGRAPHY Return to Lebanon an increase in anti-Jewish violence across 60 SEPHARDI VOICES Cultures connect over a Beirut bridge table Europe stemming from charges of blood libel and ritual murder. In 1920 H Leivick, an anti-Czarist SPONSORED BY DANGOOR EDUCATION activist who had fled Belarus in 1913, wrote the modernist play Der goylem: a THE LEGEND OF THE GOLEM dramatishe poeme in akht bilder (The Golem: a dramatic poem in eight acts), THE YIDDISHISTS The 19th-century story of the Prague golem is well known but tales which was popular in the Yiddish theatre repertoire worldwide. In the UK it was about the mythical clay creature reach back almost a thousand performed by Maurice Schwartz’s Yiddish years, says Stefanie Halpern Art Theatre, and Moscow’s Habima theatre showed it in a Hebrew translation. -
Bibliography
Bibliography Abram, David. The Spell of the Sensuous: Perception and Language in a More-than- Human World. New York: Vintage Books, 1996. Print. Adelt, Leonhard. “Lesabéndio. Ein Asteroiden-Roman.” Rev. of Lesabéndio. Ein Asteroiden-Roman by Paul Scheerbart. Das litterarische Echo. 2 Jan. 1914. 650–52. Über Paul Scheerbart: Ed. Paul Kaltefleiter. Oldenburg 1998. 221–23. Print. Adorno, Theodor and Max Horkheimer. Dialektik der Aufklärung: Philosophische Fragmente. Frankfurt a.M.: Fischer, 2008. Print. Alcock, John. An Enthusiasm for Orchids: Sex and Deception in Plant Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. Print. Alraune. Dir. Henrik Galeen. Perf. Brigitte Helm and Paul Wegener. Ama-Film, 1928. Film. “Alraune.” Rev. of Alraune. Lichtbild-Bühne. Feb. 1928. Filmportal. Web. 12 Aug. 2013. Andriopoulos, Stefan. “Occult Conspiracies: Spirits and Secret Societies in Schiller’s Ghost Seer.” New German Critique; Ngc. (2008): 65. ArticleFirst. Web. 10 Dec. 2014. Arnheim, Rudolf. “Das Blumenwunder (1926)” from Film als Kunst. Presse über den Film “Das Blumenwunder”. Archiv der Deutschen Kinemathek. Print. The Arabian Nights’ Entertainments. Chicago: Rand McNally and Co., 1914. Project Gutenberg. Web. 24 Apr. 2012. Asendorf, Christoph. Batteries of Life: The History of Things and Their Perception in Modernity. Trans. Don Reneau. Weimar and Now: German Cultural Criticism. Ed. Martin Jay and Anton Kaes. Berkeley: U of California P, 1993. Google Books. Web. 22 Jul. 2012. Bakke, Monika. “Art for Plant’s Sake? Questioning Human Imperialism in the Age of Biotech.” Parallax. 18.4 (2012): 9–25. Balázs, Béla. “Tanzdichtungen” Musikblätter der Anbruch. March 1926: 109–112. Internet Archive. Web. 2 Dec. 2013. Balázs, Béla. Der Sichtbare Mensch oder die Kultur des Films. -
How the Golem Came to Prague EDAN DEKEL and DAVID GANTT GURLEY
T HE J EWISH Q UARTERLY R EVIEW, Vol. 103, No. 2 (Spring 2013) 241–258 How the Golem Came to Prague EDAN DEKEL AND DAVID GANTT GURLEY THE LEGEND OF THE G OLEM, the mute clay servant brought to life by Rabbi Judah Loew of Prague and who ran amok one Sabbath, is one of the most enduring and imaginative tales in modern Jewish folklore. Although its roots ultimately lie in late antique rabbinic literature, the story dilates somewhat dramatically in the nineteenth century.1 While 1. On the Golem tradition in general, see Elaine L. Graham, ‘‘Body of Clay, Body of Glass,’’ in Representations of the Post/Human: Monsters, Aliens, and Others in Popular Culture (Manchester, 2002), 84–108; Lewis Glinert, ‘‘Golem: The Making of a Modern Myth,’’ Symposium 55 (2001): 78–94; Peter Scha¨fer, ‘‘The Magic of the Golem: The Early Development of the Golem Legend,’’ Journal of Jewish Stud- ies 46 (1995): 249–61; Moshe Idel, Golem: Jewish Magical and Mystical Traditions on the Artificial Anthropoid (Albany, N.Y., 1990); Emily D. Bilski, Golem! Danger, Deliverance, and Art (New York, 1988); Byron L. Sherwin, The Golem Legend: Ori- gins and Implications (Lanham, Md., 1985); Gershom Scholem, ‘‘The Idea of the Golem,’’ in On the Kabbalah and Its Symbolism (New York, 1965), 158–204; Fred- eric Thieberger, The Great Rabbi Loew of Prague: His Life and Work and the Legend of the Golem (London, 1955); Hans L. Held, Das Gespenst des Golem (Munich, 1927); Chaim Bloch, Der Prager Golem (Berlin, 1920); Konrad Mu¨ ller, ‘‘Die Golemsage und die Sage von der lebenden Statue,’’ Mitteilungen der Schlesischen Gesellschaft fu¨r Volkskunde 20 (1919): 1–40; Nathan Gru¨ n, Der hohe Rabbi Lo¨w und sein Sagenkreis (Prague, 1885); and passim the various essays in Alexander Putik, ed., Path of Life: Rabbi Judah Loew ben Bezalel (Prague, 2009). -
The Name of God the Golem Legend and the Demiurgic Role of the Alphabet 243
CHAPTER FIVE The Name of God The Golem Legend and the Demiurgic Role of the Alphabet Since Samaritanism must be viewed within the wider phenomenon of the Jewish religion, it will be pertinent to present material from Judaism proper which is corroborative to the thesis of the present work. In this Chapter, the idea about the agency of the Name of God in the creation process will be expounded; then, in the next Chapter, the various traditions about the Angel of the Lord which are relevant to this topic will be set forth. An apt introduction to the Jewish teaching about the Divine Name as the instrument of the creation is the so-called golem legend. It is not too well known that the greatest feat to which the Jewish magician aspired actually was that of duplicating God's making of man, the crown of the creation. In the Middle Ages, Jewish esotericism developed a great cycle of golem legends, according to which the able magician was believed to be successful in creating a o ?� (o?u)1. But the word as well as the concept is far older. Rabbinic sources call Adam agolem before he is given the soul: In the first hour [of the sixth day], his dust was gathered; in the second, it was kneaded into a golem; in the third, his limbs were shaped; in the fourth, a soul was irifused into him; in the fifth, he arose and stood on his feet[ ...]. (Sanh. 38b) In 1615, Zalman �evi of Aufenhausen published his reply (Jii.discher Theriak) to the animadversions of the apostate Samuel Friedrich Brenz (in his book Schlangenbalg) against the Jews. -
Fafnir – Nordic Journal of Science Fiction and Fantasy Research Journal.Finfar.Org
Fafnir – Nordic Journal of Science Fiction and Fantasy Research journal.finfar.org Golems in the New World Matt Reingold Abstract: This essay considers the ways that the legend of the Jewish Golem has been used in two recent graphic novels. The original legends of the Golem presented him as a creature that would protect the Jews of Prague against anti- Semitism and persecution in the 16th century, while leaving open the possibility that he could return again in the future. Both James Sturm’s The Golem’s Mighty Swing and Jorge Zentner and Rubén Pellejero’s The Silence of Malka make use of many of the original tropes of the Golem narrative, but by making significant changes to the story including location, time period, and even what a Golem is, the texts offer new ways of understanding the Golem legend. These narratives suggest that despite immense progress for global Jewry since the 16th century, a Golem – albeit a new one – is still needed to protect Jews, sometimes even from themselves. Keywords: Golems, James Sturm, Golem’s Mighty Swing, The Silence of Malka, Jorge Zentner and Rubén Pellejero, graphic novels In a May 2009 article in the New York Times, reporter Dan Bilefsky identified a revival in Golem culture in Prague. In his visit to the city, he found Golem hotels, Golem figurines and action figures, a musical about the Golem, and even Golem-themed restaurants serving non-kosher foods like the “crisis special”, a roast pork and potato dish. In her analysis of the renewed interest in Prague’s legendary creature, Eva Bergerova, director of the Golem play, sees in the Golem a “projection of society’s … fears and concerns. -
135 REVIEWS FOLKLORICA 2013, Vol. XVII Baer, Elizabeth R. The
135 REVIEWS Baer, Elizabeth R. The Golem Redux: From Prague to Post- Holocaust Fiction. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press, 2012. Notes, Bibliography, Index, 229 pp. $27.95 (paper). ISBN 978-0-8143-3626-7. The golem is one of the most popular motifs in Jewish folklore. The tale of the clay statue given life by a holy man has many permutations in traditional use, ranging from salacious stories (such as when an unmarried rabbi creates a female creature to be his companion) to profound tales where the golem defends Jews against cruel pogroms. Elizabeth Baer’s book is an affectionate analysis of the golem motif in contemporary creative work, with examples ranging from novels to film to comic books. She takes the readers from legends compiled in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries through high literature of the post- Holocaust era into the post-millennial period. Baer’s analysis addresses the golem’s increasing prominence in creative works, especially since 1980, and examines the meanings authors have created with this enduring motif. Baer’s work is built around the intertextuality of golem literature, especially as it relates to the Holocaust. Employing concepts from theorists like Julia Kristeva and Geoffrey Hartmann, Baer interrogates the discursive genealogy of the golem in post- Holocaust fiction. Viewed through an intertextual lens, each new text (or “hypertext”) builds on the “hypotext” preceding it, preserving the meaning of the hypotext while adding new interpretations. Baer explicitly places The Golem Redux in this intertextual paradigm, acknowledging that her study is a hypertext of scholarship by Gershom Scholem, Moshe Idel, and especially Arnold Goldsmith, whose monograph The Golem Remembered, 1901-1980 was the first scholarly treatment of golem literature in English. -
Der Kinematograph (August 1932)
Kino vor 20 Jahren U.T. Unter den Linden. Kapellmeister: Richard Seiler. -n. Im Jahre 1922 ii er Buchhalter in dir seldorf eingetretei .otn 27. Juli bis einschließlich 2. August 1912. Musik-Piece Zentrale als Chefbuchhalter be¬ dem Transformator nur entnom¬ 1. De- Hafen von Marseille. rufen. Im Jahre 1926 siedelte men werden, wenn alle Regel¬ £in Städtebild. er mit der Südfilm-Zentrale schlitten von der Hellstellung 2. Matkenscherz. nach München und Anfang 1928 soeben auf die ersten Stufen Drama in zwei Akten. nach Berlin über. gelangt sind, also die Verdunke¬ 3. Die ewig lächelnde Dame. In der Aufsichtsratssitzung lung des Kinos bereits begon¬ Humoristische Szenen. vom 27. September 1928 wurde nen hat. Die Kinopraxis ergibt 4. Union-Woche. ihm Prokura erteilt und in der aber, daß die Regelschlilten Übersicht über die interessantesten aktueller Aufsichtsratssitzung vom 14. No¬ niemals alle gleichzeitig auf der¬ eignisse der Woche. vember 1930 wurde er zum selben Regelstufe stehen, son¬ Direktor-Stellvertreter ernannt. dern je nach dem Stück ein¬ 5. Kirdliche Vaterlandsliebe. Ein patriotisches Gedicht. Calm hat sich in diesen zehn gestellt und während der Spiel¬ Jahren nicht nur innerhalb der dauer zur Lichtveränderung hin- 6. Zigolo und das geheimnisvolle Schloß. Abenteuerliche Komödie. Südfilm eine geachtete und und herbewegt werden. Man wichtige Position erworoen. kann für die Einstellung der Re¬ 7. In Valcamonica. gelschlitten nach erfolgtem Be¬ Bilder aus Oberitalien. ginn der Verdunkelung die Er¬ 8. Moritz als Modernist. tung, Freundschaft und Wer fahrungen zugrunde legen, die Posse. Schätzung gefunden «ich in der Praxis bei Verwen¬ dung von Widerständen ergeben haben. Nicht nur für neue der Anschaffung nicht billiger struktion wurden störende Ge¬ Lichtspieltheater sind die Re¬ als bisherige Widerstände stel¬ räusche in den erwähnten italie¬ Südfilm ihm im Laufe der zehn geltransformatoren bedeutungs¬ len. -
The Golem Project Crowdfunding Whitepaper
The Golem Project Crowdfunding Whitepaper final version November 2016 Table of contents Overview of the Golem Project Grand vision and core features Golem as an Ecosystem Supply of Infrastructure Demand for Computing Resources Software & Microservices The first use case: CGI rendering Long term vision: Golem as a building block of Web 3.0 Golem Network Token (GNT) Application Registry Transaction Framework Resilience Roadmap Brass Golem Clay Golem Stone Golem Iron Golem Future integrations Crowdfunding Crowdfunding summary Budget and levels of funding Golem Team Managers Key developers Developers Business development and communication Overview of the Golem Project Grand vision and core features ● Golem is the first truly decentralized supercomputer, creating a global market for computing power. Combined with flexible tools to aid developers in securely distributing and monetizing their software, Golem altogether changes the way compute tasks are organized and executed. By powering decentralized microservices and asynchronous task execution, Golem is set to become a key building block for future Internet service providers and software development. And, by substantially lowering the price of computations, complex applications such as CGI rendering, scientific calculation, and machine learning become more accessible to everyone. ● Golem connects computers in a peer-to-peer network, enabling both application owners and individual users ("requestors") to rent resources of other users’ ("providers") machines. These resources can be used to complete tasks requiring any amount of computation time and capacity. Today, such resources are supplied by centralized cloud providers which, are constrained by closed networks, proprietary payment systems, and hard-coded provisioning operations. Also core to Golem’s built-in feature set is a dedicated Ethereum-based transaction system, which enables direct payments between requestors, providers, and software developers. -
Der Kinematograph (August 1931)
DAS AITESIE IILM FACH BUTT lii VERLAG SCHERL* BERLIN SW68 5. Jahrgang Berlin, den 1. August 1931 Nummer 175 Heros Huyras Ein offener Brief Wir haben vorgestern, ob man Vorauszchlungen 'chon damit man uns nicht durch umfangreiche Neu¬ orwirft, daß wir es an der engagements 'itigen Objektivität fehlen retten will. äßen, die oifiziöse Nachricht Drittens: Interessant er die Übernahme des erosfilm-Verleih in Leipzig zu welchem Prozentsatz durch den zweiten Vorsitzen¬ cie einzelnen Leihverträge den des Reichsverbandes durchschnittlich! getätigt wer¬ Deutscher Lichtspieltheater. den. insbesondere, ob Herrn Huyras, in der Form gebracht, wie sie unser Leip¬ unter fünfunddreißig ziger Korrespondent dem Prozent „Kinemalograph“ übermit¬ vermietet wird und ob in telte. diesem billigen Leihpreis das Wir gehen sicher nicht so sehnsüchtig herbeige¬ fehl, wenn wir annehmen, wünschte Beiprogramm nun daß diese Mitteilungen sozu¬ in so vorbildlichem Maß sagen offiziös ge wesen sind, eingeschlossen so daß wir uns zweifellos er¬ ist, daß hier einmal ein lauben dürfen, im Anschluß Theaterbesitzerverleih vor¬ an diese Bekanntmachangen bildlich wirken könnte. ein paar ganz konkrete Fragen Unsere Neugierde erstreckt an die Heros oder Herrn sich dann viertens wei¬ Huyras zu richten, deren Be¬ ter auf die Tatsache, oh die antwortung zweifellos zur Zusammenarbeit mit der Ge¬ Klärung der Situation ganz nossenschaft der mitteldeut¬ ■ heblich beitragen wird. schen Lichlspieitheaterbesit- * zer außerdem in Theaterbesitzern gemacht Wir fragen das nicht, weil einer zwangsweisen Ver¬ Erstens: Die Firma worden sind? uns diese Abmachungen von pflichtung Huyras — um eine Wendung Zweitens: Erfolgt diese seiten der Heros nicht ge¬ >m offiziösen Kommunique zur Abnahme aller Heros¬ Erfüllung der bereits bezahl¬ fallen, sondern wir wünschen zu übernehmen — über- filme besteht.