The Handbook of Hispanic Sociolinguistics
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The Handbook of Hispanic Sociolinguistics Edited by Manuel Díaz-Campos A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication 9781405195003_1_pretoc.indd iii 11/23/2010 6:00:11 PM 99781405195003_4_000.indd781405195003_4_000.indd 6 111/23/20101/23/2010 112:01:302:01:30 PPMM The Handbook of Hispanic Sociolinguistics 99781405195003_1_pretoc.indd781405195003_1_pretoc.indd i 111/23/20101/23/2010 66:00:11:00:11 PPMM Blackwell Handbooks in Linguistics This outstanding multi-volume series covers all the major subdisciplines within linguistics today and, when complete, will offer a comprehensive survey of linguistics as a whole. Already published: The Handbook of Speech Perception Edited by David B. Pisoni and Robert E. Remez The Handbook of Child Language Edited by Paul Fletcher and Brian MacWhinney The Blackwell Companion to Syntax, Volumes I–V Edited by Martin Everaert and The Handbook of Phonological Theory Henk van Riemsdijk Edited by John A. 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Horn and Gregory Ward The Handbook of Applied Linguistics Edited by Alan Davies and Catherine Elder 99781405195003_1_pretoc.indd781405195003_1_pretoc.indd iiii 111/23/20101/23/2010 66:00:11:00:11 PPMM The Handbook of Hispanic Sociolinguistics Edited by Manuel Díaz-Campos A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication 99781405195003_1_pretoc.indd781405195003_1_pretoc.indd iiiiii 111/23/20101/23/2010 66:00:11:00:11 PPMM This edition first published 2011 © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. Registered Office John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom Editorial Offices 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of Manuel Díaz-Campos to be identified as the editor of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The handbook of hispanic sociolinguistics / [edited by] Manuel Díaz-Campos. p. cm. – (Blackwell handbooks in linguistics) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4051-9500-3 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Spanish language–Social aspects. 2. Sociolinguistics. I. Díaz-Campos, Manuel PC4074.75.H36 2011 306.44089′68073–dc22 2010035338 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Set in 10/12pt Palatino by SPi Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India 1 2011 99781405195003_1_pretoc.indd781405195003_1_pretoc.indd iivv 111/23/20101/23/2010 66:00:11:00:11 PPMM Contents List of Figures viii List of Tables xi Notes on Contributors xv Introduction 1 Manuel Díaz-Campos I Phonological Variation 7 1 Laboratory Approaches to Sound Variation and Change 9 Laura Colantoni 2 Variationist Approaches: External Factors Conditioning Variation in Spanish Phonology 36 Antonio Medina-Rivera 3 Internal Factors Conditioning Variation in Spanish Phonology 54 Francisco Moreno-Fernández 4 Socio-phonological Variation in Latin American Spanish 72 John M. Lipski 5 Sociophonological Variation and Change in Spain 98 José Antonio Samper Padilla II Morphosyntactic Variation 121 6 Variationist Approaches to Spanish Morphosyntax: Internal and External Factors 123 Scott A. Schwenter 7 Variation and Grammaticalization 148 Rena Torres Cacoullos 8 Morphosyntactic Variation in Spanish-Speaking Latin America 168 Paola Bentivoglio and Mercedes Sedano 9 Morphosyntactic Variation in Spain 187 María José Serrano 99781405195003_2_toc.indd781405195003_2_toc.indd v 111/23/20101/23/2010 66:04:44:04:44 PPMM vi Contents III Language, the Individual, and the Society 205 10 Aging, Age, and Sociolinguistics 207 Richard Cameron 11 Gender and Variation: Word-final /s/ in Men’s and Women’s Speech in Puerto Rico’s Western Highlands 230 Jonathan Holmquist 12 Forms of Address: The Effect of the Context 244 Diane R. Uber 13 Becoming a Member of the Speech Community: Learning Socio-phonetic Variation in Child Language 263 Manuel Díaz-Campos 14 The Relationship between Historical Linguistics and Sociolinguistics 283 Donald N. Tuten and Fernando Tejedo-Herrero 15 The Acquisition of Variation in Second Language Spanish: How to Identify and Catch a Moving Target 303 Kimberly Geeslin IV Spanish in Contact 321 16 Spanish in Contact with Quechua 323 Anna María Escobar 17 Spanish in Contact with Guaraní 353 Shaw N. Gynan 18 Spanish in Contact with Catalan 374 José Luis Blas Arroyo 19 Spanish in Contact with Portuguese: the Case of Barranquenho 395 J. Clancy Clements, Patrícia Amaral, and Ana R. Luís 20 Spanish in Contact with Haitian Creole 418 Luis A. Ortiz López 21 Palenque (Colombia): Multilingualism in an Extraordinary Social and Historical Context 446 Armin Schwegler 22 Spanish in Contact with Arabic 473 Lotfi Sayahi V Spanish in the United States, Heritage Language, L2 Spanish 491 23 Spanish in the United States: Bilingual Discourse Markers 493 Lourdes Torres 24 Functional Adaptation and Conceptual Convergence in the Analysis of Language Contact in the Spanish of Bilingual Communities in New York 504 Ricardo Otheguy 25 Code-switching among US Latinos 530 Almeida Jacqueline Toribio 99781405195003_2_toc.indd781405195003_2_toc.indd vvii 111/23/20101/23/2010 66:04:44:04:44 PPMM Contents vii 26 Language and Social Meaning in Bilingual Mexico and the United States 553 Norma Mendoza-Denton and Bryan James Gordon 27 Intrafamilial Dialect Contact 579 Kim Potowski 28 Heritage Language Students: The Case of Spanish 598 Guadalupe Valdés and Michelle Geoffrion-Vinci 29 Language Maintenance and Language Shift among US Latinos 623 Jorge Porcel 30 Mockery and Appropriation of Spanish in White Spaces: Perceptions of Latinos in the United States 646 Adam Schwartz VI Language Policy/Planning, Language Attitudes and Ideology 665 31 Planning Spanish: Nationalizing, Minoritizing