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Lantau Hong Kong's Jewel .Pdf LANTAU HONG KONG’S JEWEL Introduction The preservation of Lantau is essential to the well-being of Hong Kong and all its citizens. The visual and ecological treasures that Lantau holds are unique, valuable and irreplaceable. Yet despite this self-evident fact, Lantau continues to remain under serious threat from development. Some 25% of its coastline has been lost already and more is at imminent risk. Its offshore waters, home of the Chinese White Dolphin are becoming a graveyard for this most iconic of species. For many, Lantau is simply viewed as a well-located land bank, ignoring the wealth that nature has endowed. This publication is intended to showcase what natural Lantau has before it is too late. We hope by so doing to provide an informed reference to prevent further senseless destruction of one of the last of Hong Kong’s wild places. Clive Noffke Philip Yip Notes on authors Philip Yip is a Hong Kong born ecologist who loves the natural environment in Hong Kong. Clive Noffke is a long term Hong Kong resident and keen hiker who lives on Lantau. 1 Front cover photos Sunset Peak from Lantau Peak © Clive Noffke Woodlands above Nam Shan on Sunset Peak © Clive Noffke The beach at Kau Ling Chung © Clive Noffke Back cover photos Acrossocheilus beijiangensis © Philip Yip Creobroter gemmatus © James Hui Liuixalus romeri © Philip Yip Stenocladius bicoloripes © Philip Yip Ketupa zeylonensis © HKBWS Calanthe sylvatica © Philip Yip Leptolalax laui © Philip Yip Falco tinnunculus © HKBWS Spiranthes hongkongensis © Philip Yip Tylonycteris pachypus © Paul Crow/KFBG Caesalpinia bonduc © Green Power Leptotes plinius © James Hui Charadrius alexandrines © HKBWS Gekko gecko © James Hui Sousa chinensis © Stephen Chan/ Cetacean Ecology Lab, The University of Hong Kong Asarum hongkongense © Philip Yip Mortonagrion hirosei © Philip Yip Halophila ovalis © Philip Yip Rhinolophus sinicus © Gary Ades/ KFBG Upupa epops © HKBWS Hylarana macrodactyla © HKBWS Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda © WWF-HK 2 Contents 1 The Hong Kong context .............................................................................................. 5 1.1 The Hong Kong Eco-system ........................................................................................... 5 1.2 The Convention of Biodiversity ...................................................................................... 5 2 Lantau and Islands – a general description ........................................................... 7 2.1 Geographic ......................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Development ...................................................................................................................... 7 2.3 The future .......................................................................................................................... 8 3 The Biodiversity resources of Lantau...................................................................... 9 3.1 Coastal Areas ................................................................................................................... 10 3.1.1 Mangroves ......................................................................................................... 10 3.1.2 Seagrass beds .................................................................................................... 12 3.1.3 Horseshoe crabs ................................................................................................ 13 3.1.4 Fish nursery sites .............................................................................................. 13 3.2 Streams ............................................................................................................................. 15 3.2.1 Tai Ho stream .................................................................................................... 15 3.2.2 Tung Chung stream .......................................................................................... 16 3.2.3 Keung Shan stream area .................................................................................. 18 3.2.4 Ngong Ping stream ........................................................................................... 18 3.2.5 Sunset Peak streams ......................................................................................... 18 3.2.6 Sham Wat stream .............................................................................................. 19 3.3 Freshwater and brackish wetlands .............................................................................. 20 3.3.1 Tai O .................................................................................................................. 20 3.3.2 Mui Wo .............................................................................................................. 21 3.3.3 Pui O.................................................................................................................. 23 3.3.4 Shui Hau ........................................................................................................... 25 3.3.5 Yi O .................................................................................................................... 25 3.4 Forests .............................................................................................................................. 26 3.4.1 Lantau Peak/ Ngong Ping ................................................................................ 26 3.4.2 Sunset Peak ....................................................................................................... 29 3.4.3 Upper Tung Chung Valley ................................................................................ 31 3.4.4 Pok To Yan and Por Kai Shan .......................................................................... 32 3.4.5 San Tau Valley Woods ....................................................................................... 32 3.4.6 Mui Wo .............................................................................................................. 32 3.4.7 Man Cheung Po Ravine Forest ........................................................................ 33 3.4.8 Shui Hau Woodland .......................................................................................... 33 3 3.4.9 Fan Lau Woodland ........................................................................................... 35 3.4.10 Chi Ma Wan Peninsula forests ......................................................................... 35 3.4.11 Keung Shan forests ........................................................................................... 35 3.4.12 Nei Lak Shan Woodland ................................................................................... 35 3.4.13 Shek Mun Shan Woodland ............................................................................... 36 3.4.14 Fung Shui Woodlands ...................................................................................... 36 3.5 Other uplands .................................................................................................................. 37 3.5.1 San Chau Shrubland ........................................................................................ 37 3.5.2 Central Lantau Uplands ................................................................................... 37 3.6 Offshore islands .............................................................................................................. 39 3.6.1 Shek Kwu Chau ................................................................................................ 39 3.6.2 Soko Islands ...................................................................................................... 40 3.6.3 Sunshine Island ................................................................................................ 40 3.6.4 Hei Ling Chau .................................................................................................. 40 3.6.5 The Northern islands ........................................................................................ 40 3.7 Offshore marine systems and cetaceans ..................................................................... 41 4 Summary ..................................................................................................................... 43 5 Figures ......................................................................................................................... 44 6 References: .................................................................................................................. 46 4 1 The Hong Kong context 1.1 The Hong Kong Eco-system Hong Kong is a place of surprising ecological diversity. Attached to Southern China between latitudes 22 degrees 9 minutes and 22 degrees 37 minutes N, it has an area of some 1100 km2 (including off-shore islands) in a sea setting of some 1650 km2, The sub-tropical and sea-girt setting provide opportunities for a wide variety of plant and animal and marine life. The topography ranges from coastal mudflats and rocky coastlines, through lowland valleys to hilly uplands and mountain ranges reaching up to nearly 1000m. Vegetation cover runs the full gamut from coastal mangroves stands and sandy beaches through swampy wetlands, deep cleft mountain streams and lowland forests, to grassed uplands and craggy peaks. Hong Kong is a repository and show case of the eco-system of Southern China. Some 3100 species of vascular plants grow in Hong Kong. 505 species of birds either
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