Journal of Undergraduate Research and Scholarly Excellence Volume IV Journal of Undergraduate Research and Scholarly Excellence JUR Press Office for Undergraduate Research and Artistry Colorado State University 801 Oval Drive Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1052 Fax: (970)-491-3483 Designers: Kendall Hershey, Jessica Ness, and Deanna Cox Printer and Binder: Creative Services at CSU Cover Art: Windows & Doors, by Paula Giovanini-Morris Copyright ©2013 JUR Press. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of any part of this work beyond that permitted by Section 107 or 108 of the United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. The copyright of each article is held by the author. Requests for permission or further information should be addressed to the Operations Department of JUR. ISSN: 2156-5309 Printed in the United States of America Advertising information: If you are interested in advertising or any other commercial opportunities, please contact the Director of Operations for JUR. Author Inquiries: For inquiries relating to the submission of articles please visit http://jur.colostate.edu. ii A Letter from the Editor: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Scholarly Excellence has grown into so much more than a journal for undergraduates by undergraduates. While our flagship journal maintains the mission to share the most prominent undergraduate work across all disciplines, our organization has expanded into the JUR Press which now publishes a new line of discipline-specific journals and books. Our first disciplinary journal will be released in 2013 as a collaboration with the Rocky Mountain Sustainability and Science Network in the form of a journal of sustainability. As our scope of services has expanded, so too has our staff. In addition to our core team of editors, operations and management personnel at our headquarters on the campus of Colorado State University, we also have staff working in countries around the world such as Mexico, India, and the United Kingdom. Most exciting, we have established JUR Editorial Offices on the campuses of the Autonomous University of the Yucatan (Mexico), the University of New Haven (Connecticut), and Schreiner University (Texas). This spring, JUR hosted our first annual Editors’ Training Conference at our headquarters on the campus of Colorado State University. This annual event will allow us to expand our editorial board to the campuses of over twenty-two domestic and international institutions over the course of the next five years! This May, I will be graduating with a degree in Biology from Colorado State University. My next endeavor includes medical school. Thus, in keeping with the policies of JUR, I will be stepping down as the Editor in Chief to make room for the next generation of JUR’s leadership. I would like to thank all those who have helped facilitate our expansion during my tenure at the Journal of Undergraduate Research and Scholarly Excellence. I extend my special thanks for the amazing support we have received from our donors, Colorado State University, and the surrounding community. My most sincere thanks go to our Faculty Advisory Board and our Faculty Supervisor, Dr. Mark Brown. Several years ago, Dr. Brown had the vision of establishing a journal for undergraduates, by undergraduates. We know we have made him proud. I would also like to thank our hundreds of referees for helping us select the most professional and high impact pieces for our publication and I thank our authors for having the courage to submit their amazing work. I would like to personally thank the amazing staff with whom I have had the pleasure of working for the past fourteen months. Getting to know each one of you on a personal and professional level has been a life changing experience for me. Our staff exhibits the strongest work ethic and nothing that this organization has accomplished could have been done without the personal commitment made by each of you. I wish you all the best. Finally, I am excited to hand the reins over to our new Editor in Chief, Deanna Cox. Deanna is completing her second year as a Natural Resource Management major in the University Honors Program at Colorado State University. As an Associate Editor for Natural Resources, Deanna has taken great strides and exhibited unequaled initiative and leadership potential. As Editor in Chief, I know she will take the journal to new heights. I invite our readership, referees, and staff to join me in welcoming Deanna. Sincerely, Pasha Lookian Editor in Chief Journal of Undergraduate Research and Scholarly Excellence iii T C T A I P Height variations in football shoes (cleats) for running backs and Peyton P. Faganel, Ty C. Drake, Angela R. Dahl-Miller, 6 receivers may not alter ankle spatting effects in football field drills ATC and David S. Senchina, PhD Drake University, Iowa Beware Thin Air: Altitude’s Influence on NBA Game Outcomes Shane Moore and Jonathan Scott 11 Colorado State University, Colorado Inhibition of Human Glutaminase by 5-[3-bromo-4- Paul R. West, Matthew Scholfield and Norman P. 18 (dimethylamino)phenyl]-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-2,2-dimethylbenzo[a] Curthoys phenanthridin-4(1H)-one Colorado State University, Colorado From the Pupil’s Perspective Amanda H. Beach and Lindsay S. Leech with Tod R. 24 Clapp, PhD Colorado State University, Colorado Evaluating Medical School Selection Criteria: Are we choosing Ryan Knodle 27 the best candidates? Staff Editorial, Colorado State University, Colorado The Differentiation of Radial Glial Cell Line C6 in vitro Kevin Christopher with Andy Cook, PhD 30 Wheeling Jesuit University, West Virginia The Glorification of Gluten-Free Kapila Pothu 34 Staff Editorial, Colorado State University, Colorado Effect of capping ligand on serum protein adsorption and cell Catherine Kiyota and Michelle Kiyota with Christin 36 uptake of gold nanoparticles Grabinski, MS and Saber Hussain, PhD Air Force Academy, Colorado Emergence of structures and forms in complex adaptive systems Atanu Bikash Chatterjee 40 in nature Bhilai Institute of Technology and Indian Astrobiology Research Centre, India Detritus, Water Volume, and pH in Epiphytic Bromeliads’ Central Nicholas A. George 45 Tank Colorado State University, Colorado Effects of caffeine on the growth and post-embryonic Emily C. Perregaux with Nathalie Van Der Rijst and 49 development in Manduca Sexta Kurt P. Vandock Houghton College, New York Windows & Doors | Going Under for the Third Time | My Paula Giovanini-Morris 54 Mother, I Am | Shattered Colorado State University, Colorado Untitled Frances Ritchie 58 Colorado State University, Colorado Untitled Zachary Heil 59 Colorado State University, Colorado June 22, 2009 | Secrets | Born and Raised Adrian R. P. Brown 60 Oregon College of Art & Craft, Oregon Books or Stories? The Changing Value of Social Education in Elena C. Robertson 62 Rural Morocco Occidental College, California The Impacts of Westernization through Short-Term Volunteer Elena C. Robertson 69 Teaching in Ayutthaya, Thailand: An Observational Study Occidental College, California Does race matter in international beauty pageants? A quantitative Selena Zhong and Rima Wilkes, PhD 74 analysis of Miss World University of British Columbia, Canada iv Journal of Undergraduate Research and Scholarly Excellence - Vol IV T C T A I P The Crippling Effects of Labeling on the Public School System Jamie McLaughlin with Fred Ulrich 83 University of South Florida, Florida Sovereignty and Underdevelopment in China: The 1842 Treaty of Jacob R.W. Damstra 86 Nanjing and the Unequal Treaties The University of Western Ontario, Canada On Ice Nicholas Kirkland 90 Colorado State University, Colorado An Epiphany from One Crazy Time when I Went to the Library Elizabeth Strait 93 for the Books Staff Editorial, Colorado State University, Colorado S E S O S A B Editor in Chief: Director of Operations: Graduate Advisor: Pasha Lookian Tysha Medeiros Kate Wilkins Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Managing Editor: Administrative Director: Colorado State University Jessica Anderson Kendall Hershey Faculty Advisor: Associate Editors: Media Director: Dr. Mark Brown Colorado State University Kasey Broscheit Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Deanna Cox Director of the Office for Undergraduate Jeffrey Dale Promotional Director: Research and Artistry Benjamin Fisk Monique Veiga Faculty Advisory Board: Ryan Henderson Dr. Susan Athey Kevin Jasica Expansions Associate: Business Ryan Knodle Jaime Pritchard Dr. Ken Blehm Meng Koh Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Elizabeth Linxwiler Layout Production Intern: Dr. John Didier Irene Lui Jessica Ness Liberal Arts Kapila Pothu Dr. Chris Myrick Elizabeth Strait Copy Editor: Natural Resources Luke Wadman Elizabeth Linxwiler Dr. Matt Hickey Applied Human Sciences Schreiner University, Texas Director of Operations (India Branch): Dr. Nancy Irlbeck Jake Crawley Atanu Chatterjee Agricultural Sciences Claire Real Bhilai Institute of Technology, India Dr. Don Mykles Natural Sciences University of New Haven, Connecticut International Marketing Consultants: Dr. Tom Siller Alyssa Abraham Robert White Engineering Alexis Kellogg Natural Sciences, University of Leicester, Kayla Maciejewski England Michael Parlato Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, México Martha Carreño Arely Lara Copy Editors: Victoria Burket Sarah West Journal of Undergraduate Research and Scholarly Excellence - Vol IV v Height variations in football shoes (cleats) for running backs and receivers may not alter ankle spatting e ects in football eld drills B P P. F, T C. D, A R. D-M, ATC D S. S , PD D U Abstract: Spatting is one option for increasing ankle support for football players. It is unknown how the effects of spatting may be infl uenced by the height of the football shoe (cleat). Nine young adult males (21.6 ± 1.8 yr., 180 ± 1.7 cm, 72.6 ± 2.4 kg) performed two football drills (60 yd. sprint and 25 yd. cutting drill) with their ankles taped and spatted, once in low-top and once in mid-top football cleats. Heart rate, performance time, and measures of foot comfort and stability were recorded for each drill.