Bulloch, James D. The Secret Service of the Confederate States in Europe or, How the Confederate Cruisers Were Equipped. 2 vols. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1884.

Volume I

CHAPTER I. Sketch of the anomalous condition of the whole country, North and South, during the period between the election of Mr. Abraham Lincoln as President of the and the beginning of hostilities, in theory an undivided Republic, in fact two separate Governments : one at Washington, one at Montgomery. The organization of the Confederate Navy Department. The poverty of the South with respect to naval resources. The naval policy of the Confederate Government. The necessity of looking abroad for the means to carry on naval operations. The commencement of hostilities. The Louisiana 'Board of War' and the Bienville. Personal incidents. Journey South. Blocking the Mississippi ...... 18-50

CHAPTER II. Messrs. Fraser, Trenholm and Co. The Confederate Commissioners. Major Huse, the Military Agent. Early operations. Restrictions of the Proclamations of Neutrality. Their effects upon United States and Confederate Cruisers. The Oreto (Florida). Messrs. Laird and the Alabama. The Equipment of the Alabama. Counsel's Opinion on the Foreign Enlistment Act. Despatch of the Bermuda with supplies for the Confederate Army. Second Voyage and Capture of the Bermuda. The Trial at Philadelphia. The United States and belligerent rights. Decree of Court in the Bermuda case. Contrast between the action of the United States as a belligerent and as a neutral concerning belligerent rights. The United States and neutral vessels during the Crimean War. The Bahama Islands Regulations ' of the British Government. Reasons for the seeming indifference of the British Government. Precedents established by the United States favourable to Great Britain. European Naval Armaments. British Ship-building. Importance of British Mercantile Marine. Weakness of the United States as a Naval Power. Former efficiency of the American Navy. Seamanship in the Past and the Present . ... -51-98

CHAPTER IIL Financial embarrassments of the Confederate Agents. Incomplete organization of the Confederate Executive at this period. The financial arrangements of the Confederate States in Europe. Incompleteness of the instructions of the Naval Representative, and insufficiency of the arrangements to meet financial requirements. Purchase and equipment of the Fingal, afterwards the Atlanta. Shipment of war material. Mr. Low, second officer of the Fingal. An unfortunate start. The island of Terceira. The crew agree to run the blockade. Arrival in the Savannah river. The state of the Southern forces. Correspondence concerning the future operations of the Fingal. Enlargement of powers as Naval Representative in Europe. Flag-officer Josiah Tattnall Conversion of the Fingal into the armour-clad Atlanta. Her engagement with and capture by two United States 4 Monitors.' Return to England . . . 99-151

CHAPTER IV. The Florida. Captain Duguid. Correspondence concerning the Florida. Her arrival at Nassau. Commander Maffitt. The United States blockade of the British Bahama Channel. The equipping of the Florida. Yellow fever. The Florida runs the blockade at Mobile. An unparalleled chase.

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The Florida's cruise in the . Vessels captured by the Florida. Her stay at Brest. Her second cruise. Her assassination by the Wachusett. Justification of the use of the term 'assassination.' The Brazilian Government and the capture of the Florida. United States treatment of prisoners-of-war 152-224

CHAPTER V. The building of the Alabama. Suspicions of the United States Consul at Liverpool. Captain Butcher. The equipping of the Alabama. Quitting Liverpool. Bond, the Pilot. Official Correspondence. Captain Semmes. The Alabama handed over to his charge. Some matters connected with the clear ance of the Alabama from Liverpool. Mr. Price Edwards, the Collector of Customs at that Port. The Alabama's first engagement. The Alabama a legitimate vessel-of- war. Action of the United States in regard to commissioning vessels at sea. Influence of the cruisers on the United States carrying trade. The Alabama's action with the Kearsarge. Mr. Seward and Earl Russell . . 225-294

CHAPTER VI. The Confederate cruisers and the Foreign Enlistment Act. The protest of the United States against the ' laxity ' of the British Government. The answer of the British Government. The Confederate States admitted to be belligerents by the Supreme Court of the United States, and acknowledged as such by the European Powers. Debate in the House of Commons. European recruits for the United States Army in England. Review of the situation of the belligerents in regard to neutral States. The American and the English Foreign Enlistment Acts. The Alexandra Case. The Crown witnesses. Conclusions to be drawn from this case. After- history of the Alexandra. Other vessels searched at the instigation of the United States Consul. United States purchases in England. The Board of Trade Returns. Messrs. Baring Brothers and Co. and the United States. Condition of the Confederates during the War . . . 295-375

CHAPTER VII. Review of the Situation in November, 1861. Changed purposes of the Confederate Government in regard to their naval operations. Armour-clad vessels required. Two contracted for with Messrs. Laird Brothers. Correspondence concerning them. Their transfer to Messrs. Bravay, and their ultimate purchase by Government and enrolment in her Majesty's navy as the Scorpion and the Wivern. Action of her Majesty's Government and that of the United States in reference to these vessels. Inconsistency of the declarations and actions of the British Government . . . . 376-460

Volume II

CHAPTER I. English Political Parties and the Civil War. Pertinacity of Mr. Secretary Seward. Vacillation of the Liberal Government. Present Position of the Liberal Party. The French Proclamation of Neutrality. Arrangements for building cruisers at Bordeaux. Appropriation of 2,000,000 for Iron- clads by Congress. Financial difficulties. Propositions to purchase vessels from the French Navy. Correspondence concerning the vessels building in France. Deceptive attitude of the French Government. The vessels sold by their imperative orders. Panic at Boston and New York regarding the Confederate cruisers . . . .1-67

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CHAPTER II. Misconception by the United States of the attitude of the English and French Governments. Repurchase of the Sphinx from Denmark. Precarious condition of the Confederate Cause at that period. Correspondence concerning the despatch of the Stonewall (Sphinx) from Copenhagen in conjunction with the City of Richmond from London. The Stonewall’s challenge to the United States ships Niagara and Sacramento. Surrender of the Stonewall to the Cuban Government at the end of the War. Her subsequent delivery to the United States 68-105

CHAPTER III. Jubilation in the United States at the loss of the Alabama. Admiral Farragut's criticism on the action. The moral law inoperative in time of war. The United States and privateering. United States precedents favourable to the Confederates. Difficulty of settling the affairs of the Alabama and supplying her place. The Sea King, afterwards the Shenandoah. Correspondence respecting the Shenandoah and the Laurel, with the instructions to the officers concerned. Smallness of the crew of the Shenandoah. Volunteers from her prizes. Her cruise amongst the whalers. Means taken to stop her proceedings at the end of the Civil War. Her return to Liverpool and delivery to the United States representatives. Loyalty of the crews of the Confederate cruisers. Inactivity of the . Summary of the injury done to American commerce by the cruisers . 106-189

CHAPTER IV. Admiral Farragut and his achievements. The Federal and Confederate naval forces compared. Abortive attempts at shipbuilding in Confederate ports. The Ordnance Service of the Confederate Navy Department. Financial arrangements at Richmond and in Europe. English ironworkers sent out to the Confederate Government. The Confederate States Representatives at Bermuda, Nassau, and Havana. The purchase and despatch of the Coquette. Vessels bought for the commercial purposes of the Confederate Government. Embarrassments arising from speculative contractors and from friendly offers of vessels. Commander M. F. Maury. The and the Rappahannock. The Pampero. Total cost of the Alabama, Florida, and Shenandoah . 190-276

CHAPTER V. Official dispositions of Holland, Brazil, Spain, Portugal, France, and Great Britain to the Confederate States. The position assumed by Mr. Seward at the beginning of the Civil War. The policy of the British Government. English feeling in favour of the North. Facts about slavery in America. English sympathy transferred to the South. Lack of courtesy and dignity in United States representatives. The Alabama Claims. Synopsis of the negotiations respecting those claims. Position of the British Government in regard to them. The three rules of the Treaty of Washington. A possible application of them to the United States . . 277-411

CHAPTER VI. Position of the Confederate Agents at the end of the War. Financial difficulties. The United States and the property of the Confederate Government. Proceedings against Messrs. Fraser, Trenholm and Co. by the United States Government. Presidents Lincoln and Johnson. The ( reconstruction ' of the Southern States. Political condition of the United States at the present day .... 412-438

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