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A Century of History Savannah City Hall Centennial 1906-2006

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A Century of History Savannah City Hall Centennial 1906-2006 A Century of History Savannah City Hall Centennial 1906-2006 City of Savannah Research Library & Municipal Archives A Century of History Savannah City Hall Centennial, 1906-2006 City of Savannah, Research Library & Municipal Archives Savannah, Georgia January 2006 ii On the cover: Postcard of City Hall, looking north on Bull Street from Johnson Square, circa 1922. Private collection of Glenda E. A. Anderson. Used with permission. City of Savannah, Research Library and Municipal Archives City Hall, Room 103 Bay Street at Bull Street P. O. Box 1027 Savannah, Georgia 31402 Telephone 912-651-6412 Fax 912-233-1992 www.savannahga.gov A Century of History, Savannah City Hall Centennial, 1906-2006. Prepared by Luciana M. Spracher, Archivist City of Savannah, Research Library and Municipal Archives January 2006 © Copyright 2006 by the City of Savannah, Georgia. All rights reserved. iii City of Savannah Officials Dr. Otis S. Johnson, Mayor Edna B. Jackson, Mayor Pro Tem ALDERMEN Ellis P. Cook Jeff Felser Van R. Johnson, II Clifton Jones, Jr. The flag of the City of Savannah was designed by Cornelia Sams Mary Osborne Maclean (later Mrs. Willis Wilder) and adopted by City Council on January 18, 1905 as the City’s official banner. The design includes Kenneth Sadler a field of white bordered by blue and red, with the City’s Coat of Tony Thomas Arms in the center surrounded by thirteen stars representing the thirteen original colonies. As used in the flag, white denotes purity, red represents courage, zeal and fervency, and blue signifies loyalty, devotion, justice and truth. Michael B. Brown, City Manager Christopher P. Morrill, Bureau Chief, Management & Financial Services Glenda E. A. Anderson, Director Luciana M. Spracher, Archivist Research Library & Municipal Archives iv v Table of Contents Acknowledgements vii Introduction 1 A Century of History: 1906-1909 3 1910-1919 15 1920-1929 29 1930-1939 37 1940-1949 47 1950-1959 61 1960-1969 73 1970-1979 99 1980-1989 121 1990-1999 143 2000-2005 163 General Sources 181 Index 183 vi vii Acknowledgements The City of Savannah would like to thank the following individuals and organizations for generously sharing their time and historical collections for City Hall’s Centennial: Frederick Baldwin Dr. Roy Blackburn, III Bull Street Main Library of the Live Oak Public Libraries Darlington County, South Carolina Historical Commission Georgia Historical Society Juliette Gordon Low Birthplace James Keating Massie Heritage Interpretation Center Ralph Mark Gilbert Civil Rights Museum George Rody and Rody’s Music Enterprises, Inc. Savannah College of Art & Design Savannah Jewish Archives at the Georgia Historical Society Savannah Morning News Telfair Museum of Art V. & J. Duncan Antique Maps & Prints Irvin J. Warshaw Doug Weathers WTOC TV Andy Young The Research Library and Municipal Archives would also like to thank the following City of Savannah departments: Buildings and Grounds Department of the Leisure Services Bureau Department of Cultural Affairs of the Leisure Services Bureau Office of the Clerk of Council Public Information Office Tourism and Film Services Office viii Introduction Constructed between 1903 and 1906, Savannah’s City Hall stands as a monument to the progressive spirit of the City of Savannah during the early 1900s when the municipal government strived to achieve “A Greater Savannah.” The City desired a larger home to reflect the community’s prosperity and to give the growing government adequate facilities with “a building for a century to come.” Local architect Hyman Wallace Witcover designed a monumental Italian Renaissance Revival building in granite and limestone for the City and the Savannah Contracting Company executed the design. On January 2, 1906, Savannah’s City Hall was thrown open to the citizens of Savannah for inspection. One writer from the Municipal Journal, of New York, declared he had “never seen a city building better adapted to the uses for which it was intended.” City Council held their first meeting in the new Council Chamber on January 3, 1906. In the century since then, City Hall has served the local government and the community faithfully, and stands as a symbol of the City’s progress and history.1 The following timeline traces Savannah’s City Hall through its first century of history, beginning in 1906 and ending in December 2005. This timeline was prepared to document City Hall’s history in preparation for its 2006 centennial anniversary, as well as to serve as a research tool for future users. All information of pertinence found in the research process was included. However, there may be additional events that were not clearly documented and have slipped through the cracks of history. Therefore, this should not be considered “everything” that ever happened in or to City Hall. Each entry of the timeline has been prepared so that it could stand alone as an individual article with unique sources and supporting images. Each entry is composed of five elements to facilitate future use: type of entry; date; narrative; supporting visual materials; and sources. The type of entry indicates the subject matter of the entry based on seven categories. “Archives” entries pertain to actions and events related to the storage, preservation, use and disposal of municipal records. “Artifacts” entries provide information on artifacts currently stored or displayed in the building, or those that were once in the building. “Events” is a broad category that covers any important or interesting event that took place in, or in the immediate vicinity of, City Hall and could include visitors, social functions, awards, exhibits, demonstrations and protests, anniversary celebrations, or movies which featured the building. “Images” of the building appear when an 1 For more information on the construction of Savannah’s City Hall see The Birth of City Hall, 1903-1906, Savannah City Hall Centennial, 1906-2006 (Savannah, Georgia: City of Savannah, Research Library and Municipal Archives, 2006). 1 2 Savannah City Hall Centennial, 1906 ~ 2006 interesting or particularly good image of the building was found, but no additional information supports a detailed narrative. “Municipal” entries pertain to changes and growth of the municipal government of the City that have some bearing on the use of City Hall, for instance departments moving in or out of the building, new City programs for employees, or items related to a City Hall employee. “Politics” refers to events or changes in Savannah’s political climate or Savannah’s City Council that led to an important event occurring in City Hall, for instance the first female mayor and first African American mayor. “Structure” entries have the most direct bearing on the physical and aesthetic changes that occurred in City Hall over the past 100 years, including renovations, repairs, changes to original details, handicapped accessibility, and master plans. The date includes the year, month and day of the entry to the greatest degree possible. Some entries span several months, or even years. Research for some entries did not provide specific dates only general time frames (year or month), these entries were placed at the beginning of the year or the month they relate to before those with specific dates. The narrative is the meat of the entry, including a description of the event and all pertinent dates, persons and departments involved. Entries include supporting visual materials (if available and/or known). Each narrative is followed by citations for the supporting sources in a smaller font size. A comprehensive bibliography of this document has not been prepared, since each entry is fully cited within the body of the document. A listing of general sources, not specifically cited within the entries, has been supplied at the end of this volume. City of Savannah, Research Library and Municipal Archives A Century of History 1906 ~ 1909 Postcard of City Hall and Bull Street, n.d. V. & J. Duncan Antique Maps and Prints, Savannah, Georgia. Used with permission. Structure/Final Payments 1906 During 1906, the first full year City Hall was open for business, the final payments on the building and its furnishings were made totaling $63,484. In completing his 1906 annual report, Mayor Herman Myers reflected on the success of the new building: Of the new City Hall it is not necessary to make more than a passing reference. We can justly regard it as one of the monuments of this administration. Visitors from all parts of the country have, during the past twelve months, praised it. Not only has it given the municipal government a home worthy of a city of Savannah’s importance, but the building of the hall out of the city’s regular funds has been an excellent advertisement for the city’s financial condition and has indicated to the world Savannah’s spirit of determination to advance at least in keeping with the progress of its sister cities, if not to excel them in many ways. Report of the Hon. Herman Myers, Mayor…of the City of Savannah, Georgia, for the Year Ending December 31st, 1906. Savannah: Braid & Hutton, 1906. p22-23, 28. 3 4 Savannah City Hall Centennial, 1906 ~ 2006 Events/First Flag at Half Staff & First Closing of Offices 1906 June 17 On June 17, 1906, the flag over City Hall was lowered to half staff noting the death of former Savannah mayor Rufus Ezekiel Lester (1837-1906). This is the first documented instance of City Hall observing a death through the lowering of the flag and the closing of City Hall offices for a funeral, as specified in a special resolution of the Committee of the Whole adopted by City Council on June 19, 1906. At the time of his death, Lester (mayor of the City of Savannah, January 22, 1883-January, 21 1889) was residing in Washington, D.
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