DOCSLIB.ORG

A Historical Perspective of the Information Scandal

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE INFORMATION SCANDAL DISSERTATION by JOSHUA KRUGER HAASBROEK Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree MAGISTER ARTIUM in the Faculty of the Humanities (Department of History) at the University of the Free State Bloemfontein Supervisor: Dr J-A. Stemmet Co-Supervisor: Dr M.M. Oelofse Bloemfontein: November 2016 I declare that the dissertation hereby submitted by me for the fulfilment of the Magister Artium degree in the Department of History at the University of the Free State, is my own independent work and has not previously been submitted by me at another university/faculty. I furthermore cede copyright of the dissertation in favour of the University of the Free State. ……………….. J.K. Haasbroek TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE .................................................................................................................. i-vi 1. PROPAGANDA DEFINED 1.1 PERCEPTIONS ON PROPAGANDA ....................................................................1 1.2 THE THEORY OF PROPAGANDA ......................................................................4 1.3 PROPAGANDA IN THE 20TH CENTURY ..........................................................15 2. SOUTH AFRICA: INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL AFFAIRS, 1950-1970 2.1 SOUTH AFRICAN POLITICS .............................................................................22 2.2 THE STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM .....................................................................28 2.3 SOUTH AFRICA AND THE COLD WAR ..........................................................32 2.4 INTERNATIONAL OPPOSITION .......................................................................36 2.5 SOUTH AFRICA’S EARLY PROPAGANDA EFFORTS .................................39 3. THE NEED FOR A PROPAGANDA WAR: THE ORIGINS 3.1 SOUTH AFRICA AND THE EARLY 1970s .......................................................43 3.2 THE INFO-CAST ..................................................................................................48 3.3 ESCHEL RHOODIE’S APPROACH TO PROPAGANDA .................................53 3.4 THE PRE-INFO PROPAGANDA CAMPAIGN .................................................58 3.5 THE MEETING .....................................................................................................69 4. AN ALL-OUT PROPAGANDA WAR 4.1 AFRICAN DÉTENTE AND THE ISRAELI CONNECTION .............................74 4.2 ACTIVITIES IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ..................................81 4.3 THE DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION’S INVOLVEMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA .................................................................................................91 4.4 THE CITIZEN ......................................................................................................101 4.5. THE EUROPEAN FRONT .................................................................................109 i 5. MULDERGATE 5.1 REPORTS AND COMMISSIONS......................................................................118 5.2 INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALISM .....................................................................121 5.3 POLITICAL SKIRMISHES ................................................................................126 5.4 ‘A BLOODLESS COUP’ ....................................................................................130 5.5. THE MOSTERT AND ERASMUS COMMISSIONS ........................................136 5.6. ESCHEL RHOODIE AS FUGITIVE ..................................................................145 5.7. THE DOWNFALL OF C. MULDER AND B.J. VORSTER..............................152 6. THE CONSEQUENCES 6.1 P.W. BOTHA AS PRIME MINISTER................................................................159 6.2 PIK BOTHA THE NEW INFO-MAN ................................................................164 6.3 THE STATE VERSUS THE PRESS ..................................................................170 7. CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................175 SOURCE LIST ...........................................................................................................182 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................208 OPSOMMING.............................................................................................................210 ii LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AAM Anti-Apartheid Movements ANC African National Congress BCM Black Consciousness Movement BOSS Bureau of State Security CFFT Committee for Fairness in Sport CIA Central Intelligence Agency FAA Foreign Affairs Association HNP Herendigde (Reunited) National Party HNP Herstigte (Reconstituted) National Party ISSA Information Services of South Africa MK Umkhonto we Sizwe NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation NP National Party OAU Organisation of African Unity PAC Pan Africanist Congress SAAN South African Associated Newspapers SABC South African Broadcasting Corporation SACP South African Communist Party SAF South African Foundation SAFF South African Freedom Foundation UN United Nations UP United Party WCC World Council of Churches iii PREFACE The Information Scandal, also known as the Muldergate Scandal, was the result of South Africa’s propaganda war against hostile international opinion. The National Party, (NP) and especially Connie Mulder, Minister of the Department of Information, perceived a growing call from the international sphere to dismantle the white minority regime during the 1960s and 1970s. In an effort to retaliate against anti-apartheid forces, Mulder appointed the ambitious Eschel Rhoodie to spearhead an unorthodox and unconventional propaganda offensive. With support from Prime Minister Balthazar Johannes (B.J.) Vorster, and the Minister of Finance, Nico Diederichs, Mulder and Rhoodie obtained confirmation to fund clandestine propaganda warfare, costing millions of rands. Money required for the execution of programmes was channelled through the Department of Defence. Methods applied for conquering the ‘hearts and minds’ of the international community, involved high-level diplomacy; disseminating deceitful information; bribery; and buying publications, influence, and allies. However, the propaganda campaign of the Department of Information was obstructed by the contrasting views of the liberal English press. In order to counter the English press, the Department of Information devised a plan to establish a pro-government English newspaper called The Citizen. Suspicious journalists from the English press quickly noticed that The Citizen was funded by the taxpayer, and initiated an investigation. By early 1978, numerous commissions and investigations were probing the irregularities in the Department of Information. The leaking of the department’s hidden activities to the public caused uproar among politicians. In September 1978, Vorster resigned as the Prime Minister of South Africa and inner-party politics became turbulent as Mulder and the Minister of Defence, Pieter Willem (P.W.) Botha, contended for the position of the next prime minister. Mulder was hampered by the Department of Information’s irregularities, especially when Vorster confirmed that the department funded The Citizen, resulting in the loss of Mulder to the election. In the aftermath of the caucus elections, the National Party remained silent over the issue of irregularities taking place in the Department of Information. The silence was broken when Judge Anton Mostert and the English press revealed the purposes for which public funds were utilised. Under pressure of scrutiny, P.W. Botha ruled the matter completely sub judice and established a commission of enquiry to investigate the irregularities. The scandal led to the eventual demise of Vorster and Mulder’s political careers. i Previous studies on the Information Scandal focused primarily on the political and journalistic spheres of the scandal. This study attempts to explore the scandal from a new angle by providing a more thorough look at the propaganda projects. The study also examines – with the benefit of hindsight – how secret projects influenced South Africa and the mass audience. Previous studies are mainly outdated or focus on a specific information project. A more notable feature of this master’s dissertation is the battle of a regime to keep itself in power through persuasion and deceit in a changing democratic world. The Information Scandal originated from the perceived threat of a global onslaught, the implementation of unorthodox propaganda to counter the threat, and internal fighting among liberals and conservatives. The main research problem of this dissertation is to view the events of the Information Scandal as they unfolded, and to analyse the accounts of parties involved in the scandal in order to formulate an objective conclusion. Exploring the events and accounts of the scandal, allows this dissertation to answer two main questions. Firstly, the approach applied by the Department of Information, and the impact of the propaganda campaign on its target audience. The research will attempt to reveal if the campaign was initially successful or not. The second question to be addressed by the dissertation is the consequences of the scandal when it met public scrutiny. How did the scandal influence the political sphere of South Africa and the nation’s relationship with the international community? The research methodology focus on the traditional historical narrative approach and a qualitative research methodology
Recommended publications
  • Southern African Law Teachers Conference 2020 Skukuza, Kruger National Park a Conference of the Society of Law Teachers of Southern Africa 20 – 24 January 2020

    Southern African Law Teachers Conference 2020 Skukuza, Kruger National Park a Conference of the Society of Law Teachers of Southern Africa 20 – 24 January 2020

    Southern African Law Teachers Conference 2020 Skukuza, Kruger National Park A conference of the Society of Law Teachers of Southern Africa 20 – 24 January 2020 ‘Law, Nature and Sustainable Development' #SALTC2020 “Ihloka liyakhohlwa kodwa isihlahla asikhohlwa” (an axe forgets but the tree doesn’t forget) – Ndebele proverb “Isihlahla asinyelelwa” (a tree is not defecated upon) – Zulu proverb “Inkomo kayisengwa ngokwehlisa” (do not continuously milk a cow until there is nothing to milk) – Ndebele proverb AND COMPANY (PTY) LTD “Aiva madziva ava mazambuko” (what used to be rivers are now crossings) – Shona proverb Monday 20 January 2020 14:00 – 17:00 Check in: Reception – Skukuza Rest Camp Registration: Nombolo Mdhluli Conference Centre 19:00 – Till late LexisNexis Cocktail Function: Next to the Sabie River (Directions to be provided during registration) Tuesday 21 January 2020 07:00 – 09:00 Breakfast: Cattle Baron Restaurant 08:00 – 09:00 Council Meeting: Ingwe Venue – Nombolo Mdhluli Conference Centre 09:00 – 10:00 Opening Ceremony: Ndlopfu Venue – Nombolo Mdhluli Conference Centre Prof Letlhokwa Mpedi (Chair) – Executive Dean, Faculty of Law, University of Johannesburg Prof Puseletso Letete – President, Society for Law Teachers of Southern Africa Prof Saurabh Sinha – Deputy Vice-Chancellor for Research and Internationalisation, University of Johannesburg Judge Boissie Mbha – Judge of Appeal at the Supreme Court of Appeal, South Africa 10:00 – 11:00 Plenary Session 1: Ndlopfu Venue – Nombolo Mdhluli Conference Centre Sustainable development,
  • South Africa: Change and Confrontation, Report of a Study Mission to South Africa

    South Africa: Change and Confrontation, Report of a Study Mission to South Africa

    South Africa: Change and Confrontation, Report of a Study Mission to South Africa http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.uscg015 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org South Africa: Change and Confrontation, Report of a Study Mission to South Africa Alternative title South Africa: Change and Confrontation, Report of a Study Mission to South Africa Author/Creator Committee on Foreign Affairs; House of Representatives Publisher U.S. Government Printing Office Date 1980-07-00 Resource type Hearings Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) South Africa, United States Source Congressional Hearings and Mission Reports: U.S.
  • Southern 7,5 Afr Ic a Vol

    Southern 7,5 Afr Ic a Vol

    southern 7,5 afr ic a Vol. IX No.7 August 1976 Whites Still Wield The Guns and Clubs. But for How Long? Vol. IX No. 7 August, 1976 4 OVERVIEW 5 FEATURE South Africa's Propaganda Machine by Barbara Rogers 9 SPECIAL U.S. Shipping: Bolstering South Africa, Exploiting Namibia by Allan D. Cooper 11 SOUTH AFRICA Politics Mass Uprisings in South Africa-One Thousand Killed PAC Members Arrested ANC Members on Trial in Natal Detentions at the University of the North Cl Man Flees New Security Legislation Bantustan Citizenship Other Transkei News Economics Little or No Progress in Companies' South African Policies Heinemann Management Blames Banks the Best Newsbriefs Bantustan Dependency Wage Gap Forever Labor Problems Anglo-American Corporation-Giant Profits Oil Companies Move into the Coal Industry Foreign Affairs The Apartheid-US Dialogue SA Gets Nuclear Help From Its Friends "Middle Level" Power Alliance Detente and Revolt Defense "South Africa's Defence Role": The View from Inside 20 NAMIBIA Death Under the Terrorism Act The Swakopmund Trial and Leaks to the Security Police "No Man's Land" "Terror" International Business in Namibia Turnhalle-The "Constitutional Conference" SWAPO Internal Wing Elects Top Posts i 23 ZIMBABWE Guerilla Attacks Spread and Intensify Smith Uses Chiefs Failure to Stop Guerrillas Mercenaries Sought The "Third Force" 24 A LUTA CONTINUA Guinea-Bissau Inside the Republic On the Foreign Front Cape Verde Cape Verde Ship Joins Bi-Centennial Operation Sail Mozambique Special Mission Reports on Aid to Mozambique Strengthening
  • DISSERTATION O Attribution

    DISSERTATION O Attribution

    COPYRIGHT AND CITATION CONSIDERATIONS FOR THIS THESIS/ DISSERTATION o Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. o NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes. o ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. How to cite this thesis Surname, Initial(s). (2012) Title of the thesis or dissertation. PhD. (Chemistry)/ M.Sc. (Physics)/ M.A. (Philosophy)/M.Com. (Finance) etc. [Unpublished]: University of Johannesburg. Retrieved from: https://ujcontent.uj.ac.za/vital/access/manager/Index?site_name=Research%20Output (Accessed: Date). The design of a vehicular traffic flow prediction model for Gauteng freeways using ensemble learning by TEBOGO EMMA MAKABA A dissertation submitted in fulfilment for the Degree of Magister Commercii in Information Technology Management Faculty of Management UNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESBURG Supervisor: Dr B.N Gatsheni 2016 DECLARATION I certify that the dissertation submitted by me for the degree Master’s of Commerce (Information Technology Management) at the University of Johannesburg is my independent work and has not been submitted by me for a degree at another university. TEBOGO EMMA MAKABA i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I hereby wish to express my gratitude to the following individuals who enabled this document to be successfully and timeously completed: Firstly, GOD Supervisor, Dr BN Gatsheni Mikros Traffic Monitoring(Pty) Ltd (MTM) for providing me with the traffic flow data My family and friends Prof M Pillay and Ms N Eland Faculty of Management for funding me with the NRF Supervisor linked bursary ii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to everyone who supported me during the project, from the start till the end.
  • An Ageing Anachronism: D.F. Malan As Prime Minister, 1948–1954

    An Ageing Anachronism: D.F. Malan As Prime Minister, 1948–1954

    An Ageing Anachronism: D.F. Malan as Prime Minister, 1948–1954 LINDIE KOORTS Department of Historical Studies, University of Johannesburg This article tells the behind-the-scenes tale of the first apartheid Cabinet under Dr D.F. Malan. Based on the utilisation of prominent Nationalists’ private documents, it traces an ageing Malan’s response to a changing international context, the chal- lenge to his leadership by a younger generation of Afrikaner nationalists and the early, haphazard implementation of the apartheid policy. In order to safeguard South Africa against sanctions by an increasingly hostile United Nations, Malan sought America’s friendship by participating in the Korean War and British protection in the Security Council by maintaining South Africa’s Commonwealth membership. In the face of decolonisation, Malan sought to uphold the Commonwealth as the preserve of white-ruled states. This not only caused an outcry in Britain, but it also brought about a backlash within his own party. The National Party’s republican wing, led by J.G. Strijdom, was adamant that South Africa should be a republic outside the Commonwealth. This led to numerous clashes in the Cabinet and parliamentary caucus. Malan and his Cabinet’s energies were consumed by these internecine battles. The systematisation of the apartheid policy and the coordination of its implementation received little attention. Malan’s disengaged leadership style implies that he knew little of the inner workings of the various government departments for which he, as Prime Minister, was ultimately responsible. The Cabinet’s internal disputes about South Africa’s constitutional status and the removal of the Coloured franchise ultimately served as lightning conductors for a larger issue: the battle for the party’s leadership, which came to a head in 1954.
  • The Gordian Knot: Apartheid & the Unmaking of the Liberal World Order, 1960-1970

    The Gordian Knot: Apartheid & the Unmaking of the Liberal World Order, 1960-1970

    THE GORDIAN KNOT: APARTHEID & THE UNMAKING OF THE LIBERAL WORLD ORDER, 1960-1970 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Ryan Irwin, B.A., M.A. History ***** The Ohio State University 2010 Dissertation Committee: Professor Peter Hahn Professor Robert McMahon Professor Kevin Boyle Professor Martha van Wyk © 2010 by Ryan Irwin All rights reserved. ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the apartheid debate from an international perspective. Positioned at the methodological intersection of intellectual and diplomatic history, it examines how, where, and why African nationalists, Afrikaner nationalists, and American liberals contested South Africa’s place in the global community in the 1960s. It uses this fight to explore the contradictions of international politics in the decade after second-wave decolonization. The apartheid debate was never at the center of global affairs in this period, but it rallied international opinions in ways that attached particular meanings to concepts of development, order, justice, and freedom. As such, the debate about South Africa provides a microcosm of the larger postcolonial moment, exposing the deep-seated differences between politicians and policymakers in the First and Third Worlds, as well as the paradoxical nature of change in the late twentieth century. This dissertation tells three interlocking stories. First, it charts the rise and fall of African nationalism. For a brief yet important moment in the early and mid-1960s, African nationalists felt genuinely that they could remake global norms in Africa’s image and abolish the ideology of white supremacy through U.N.
  • Trouble Flares up at Mabieskraal

    Trouble Flares up at Mabieskraal

    , 8 .~ · le bv si b k ' d" I£tl1l1l1ll1l1l1l1ll1l"""III1I1I11I11I11 I1 " II " II I1I1 I11 I1 " ~l l11 l1 m lll IIIIII III Bantustan IS rue Y slam 0 In Isgulse ... 1• ••• •• ••• 1 Congress reiects the concept of national homes § for Africans ...We claim the whole of South Africa as our home Vol. 5, No, 51 Registered. at the G.P.O. as a Newspaper 6di= _ SOUTHERNEDITION Thursday, October 8, 1959 • 5 ~1I"1II"III11I1I11I11I1I11I11I1 I1I11" nllllll lllllll lll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll lll l lll lll lll lll ll ll ll lll lll lll ll lllll ll ll ll ll lll ll l1 1I 111 11111 11 ~ oWHAT KH USCHOV TOLD THE U.S.A. The verbatim record no other news­ Slap In The Face For E~ic Louw paper in South Africa has printed JOHANNESBURG as their home", Iin South Africa during the last two B~~~~~ aF~:~naft~i~1~~~ whT: ~[r~~e s~b~ftt~J~~~f~:~~~ ye~~~l i n g ~ith so-called Ban.tusta!1s ~r. Eric Louw had mad.e ,bis ~:~~ r:, i ~ s ~~o ~i v~f t~~e A9ri~~~a~i~~: ~o~~r~~~~~l s ~:dt e~~ ~ h~ f ~h~ o~~~I~ ~ .- Pages 4 and 5 big speech to U.N: D., claiming point on trends and developments Continued 011 page 7 that the Bantu territories would 1 -------------------- I(!1:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ eventually form part of a South African Commonwealth toge­ ther with White South Africa, the African National Congress has sent a memorandum to ~;:t~' :he:~ri~i::tu~~~n ~~~~:; as a gigantic fraud.
  • Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report: Volume 2

    Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report: Volume 2

    VOLUME TWO Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report The report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was presented to President Nelson Mandela on 29 October 1998. Archbishop Desmond Tutu Ms Hlengiwe Mkhize Chairperson Dr Alex Boraine Mr Dumisa Ntsebeza Vice-Chairperson Ms Mary Burton Dr Wendy Orr Revd Bongani Finca Adv Denzil Potgieter Ms Sisi Khampepe Dr Fazel Randera Mr Richard Lyster Ms Yasmin Sooka Mr Wynand Malan* Ms Glenda Wildschut Dr Khoza Mgojo * Subject to minority position. See volume 5. Chief Executive Officer: Dr Biki Minyuku I CONTENTS Chapter 1 Chapter 6 National Overview .......................................... 1 Special Investigation The Death of President Samora Machel ................................................ 488 Chapter 2 The State outside Special Investigation South Africa (1960-1990).......................... 42 Helderberg Crash ........................................... 497 Special Investigation Chemical and Biological Warfare........ 504 Chapter 3 The State inside South Africa (1960-1990).......................... 165 Special Investigation Appendix: State Security Forces: Directory Secret State Funding................................... 518 of Organisations and Structures........................ 313 Special Investigation Exhumations....................................................... 537 Chapter 4 The Liberation Movements from 1960 to 1990 ..................................................... 325 Special Investigation Appendix: Organisational structures and The Mandela United
  • Year of Fire, Year of Ash. the Soweto Revolt: Roots of a Revolution?

    Year of Fire, Year of Ash. the Soweto Revolt: Roots of a Revolution?

    Year of fire, year of ash. The Soweto revolt: roots of a revolution? http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.ESRSA00029 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org Year of fire, year of ash. The Soweto revolt: roots of a revolution? Author/Creator Hirson, Baruch Publisher Zed Books, Ltd. (London) Date 1979 Resource type Books Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) South Africa Coverage (temporal) 1799-1977 Source Enuga S. Reddy Rights By kind permission of the Estate of Baruch Hirson and Zed Books Ltd. Description Table of Contents:
  • The Apartheid Divide

    The Apartheid Divide

    PUNC XI: EYE OF THE STORM 2018 The Apartheid Divide Sponsored by: Presented by: Table of Contents Letter from the Crisis Director Page 2 Letter from the Chair Page 4 Committee History Page 6 Delegate Positions Page 8 Committee Structure Page 11 1 Letter From the Crisis Director Hello, and welcome to The Apartheid Divide! My name is Allison Brown and I will be your Crisis Director for this committee. I am a sophomore majoring in Biomedical Engineering with a focus in Biochemicals. This is my second time being a Crisis Director, and my fourth time staffing a conference. I have been participating in Model United Nations conferences since high school and have continued doing so ever since I arrived at Penn State. Participating in the Penn State International Affairs and Debate Association has helped to shape my college experience. Even though I am an engineering major, I am passionate about current events, politics, and international relations. This club has allowed me to keep up with my passion, while also keeping with my other passion; biology. I really enjoy being a Crisis Director and I am so excited to do it again! This committee is going to focus on a very serious topic from our world’s past; Apartheid. The members of the Presidents Council during this time were quite the collection of people. It is important during the course of this conference that you remember to be respectful to other delegates (both in and out of character) and to be thoughtful before making decisions or speeches. If you ever feel uncomfortable, please inform myself or the chair, Sneha, and we will address the issue.
  • 41129 22-9 Legala

    41129 22-9 Legala

    Government Gazette Staatskoerant REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA REPUBLIEK VAN SUID-AFRIKA September Vol. 627 Pretoria, 22 2017 September No. 41129 PART 1 OF 2 LEGAL NOTICES A WETLIKE KENNISGEWINGS ISSN 1682-5843 N.B. The Government Printing Works will 41129 not be held responsible for the quality of “Hard Copies” or “Electronic Files” submitted for publication purposes 9 771682 584003 AIDS HELPLINE: 0800-0123-22 Prevention is the cure 2 No. 41129 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 22 SEPTEMBER 2017 IMPORTANT NOTICE: THE GOVERNMENT PRINTING WORKS WILL NOT BE HELD RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY ERRORS THAT MIGHT OCCUR DUE TO THE SUBMISSION OF INCOMPLETE / INCORRECT / ILLEGIBLE COPY. NO FUTURE QUERIES WILL BE HANDLED IN CONNECTION WITH THE ABOVE. Table of Contents LEGAL NOTICES BUSINESS NOTICES • BESIGHEIDSKENNISGEWINGS Gauteng ....................................................................................................................................... 13 Eastern Cape / Oos-Kaap ................................................................................................................. 14 Free State / Vrystaat ........................................................................................................................ 15 KwaZulu-Natal ................................................................................................................................ 15 Mpumalanga .................................................................................................................................. 15 North West / Noordwes ....................................................................................................................
  • Download/Pdf/39666742.Pdf De Vries, Fred (2006)

    Download/Pdf/39666742.Pdf De Vries, Fred (2006)

    A University of Sussex PhD thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details Restless collection: Ivan Vladislavić and South African literary culture Katie Reid PhD Colonial and Postcolonial Cultures University of Sussex January 2017 For my parents. 1 Acknowledgments With thanks to my supervisor, Professor Stephanie Newell, who inspired and enabled me to begin, and whose drive and energy, and always creative generosity enlivened the process throughout. My thanks are due to the Arts and Humanities Research Council for funding the research. Thanks also to the Harry Ransom Center, at the University of Texas in Austin, for a Dissertation Fellowship (2011-12); and to the School of English at the University of Sussex for grants and financial support to pursue the research and related projects and events throughout, and without which the project would not have taken its shape. I am grateful to all staff at the research institutions I have visited: with particular mention to Gabriela Redwine at the HRC; everyone at the National English Literary Museum, Grahamstown; and all those at Pan McMillan, South Africa, who provided access to the Ravan Press archives.