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ॆ सस - सॆ ै ० ॆ सस ॠ (स ॆ..चचज च) Nepal Lipi Online th 1135 Nepal New Year Supplement Nepal Lipi Online – The World’s First Online Bulletin in Nepal Scripts (Oct. 24, 2014) - 1 ॆ सस - सॆ ै ० ॆ सस ॠ (स ॆ..चचज च) (Inside) • ……………………………………………...…………………….3 • …………………………………………………………………..4 NEWS • Prime Minister orders the Government Ministries to use Nepal Samvat calendar ……..5 • - . ु ……….…6 / • , - . ल …….9 • ो ? - ु ……………...14 UPDATES • Encoding Nepal Lipi: An Update of Effort - Dr. Suwarn Vajracharya ……20 RESEARCH/REPORT • Astaveetaraga - Dr. Seema Samir Sontakke ....25 • Gunla Parva - Munindra Ratna Bajracharya..28 /ABOUTABOUT US • ( Nepal Lipi Online Team) ……………………………….30 • , (NSCJ) (Nepal Study Center Japan Members) ….………..31 • (Objectives and Initiatives…………………………………….………..32 • (Ongoing Projects) ……………………………………………………...33 Nepal Lipi Online – The World’s First Online Bulletin in Nepal Scripts (Oct. 24, 2014) - 2 ॆ सस - सॆ ै ० ॆ सस ॠ (स ॆ..चचज च) From the Editor/Publisher ! Welcome to the Nepal-Lipi-Online, and Heartiest Greetings on the occasion of the Auspicious Happy ! New Year of Nepal Samvat (Era) 1135. We are glad to announce that our online publication completes its 4th year and turns to its 5 th year online publishing , that started from a very small beginning. Thanks to voluntary contribution of articles by experts, editing, ƺ proofreading, typing by other worthy members, we , , , ु, have continued this far. Here we announce a change ƺ in our team that Mr. Naresh Shakya, who had helped us as our chief editor had to leave us as he has look after his own business from this year. We express our heartful gratitude for his great help to us. Until we appoint a new chief editor, I assume the responsibility for a while. Nepal Samvat New Year and Nepal Bhasa were the achievemnts of those leaders, activists and , supporters in Nepal. But we have not seen a system developed to record all the past contributions by these great people. For example, Nepal Lipi encoding meeting held in Kathmandu this October is an example. We find less information was shared with ु people interested hence the participation was very ” limited. The meeting too did not pass on the update () of the progress of encoding Nepal Lipi in the Unicode. As a small contribution, we have included a update report of this great task of encoding Nepal Lipi. We shall be grateful to those who will contribute to build record keeping with information they have in this regard. Thank you! ! - Suwarn Vajracharya - ल And the family of the Nepal-lipi-online and Nepal Study Center Japan (NSCJ). [email protected] [email protected] 1135 Kachhala 1 (October 24, 2014) ( , ) : : ; ु ल Editor: Keshav Lall Maharjan; Executive Editor & Publisher: Suwarn Vajracharya Nepal Lipi [email protected] Online Nepal Lipi Online – The World’s First Online Bulletin in Nepal Scripts (Oct. 24, 2014) - 3 ॆ सस - सॆ ै ० ॆ सस ॠ (स ॆ..चचज च) NEW YYEAREAR GREETING Heartiest Greetings on the auspicious occasion of the 1135 ththth National New Year of Nepal to all the members, advisors and supportesupportersrs of Nepal Lipi Online and NepalNepal Study Center, Japan. We are also grateful for your support throught out the year of Nepal Samvat 1134 and 2013(A.D.2013(A.D.).).).). We look forward your feedback on the content of this online bulletin and your contribution and support to us in the future, too. Nepal Lipi Online – The World’s First Online Bulletin in Nepal Scripts (Oct. 24, 2014) - 4 ॆ सस - सॆ ै ० ॆ सस ॠ (स ॆ..चचज च) NEWS Prime Minister Sushil Koirala orders the Government Ministries to use Nepal Samvat calendar. Yen (Kathmandu), Nepal Mandala, N.S. 1135.1.1 – Felicitating on the occasion of the 1135th New Year of Nepal Samvat, Prime Minister Sushil Koirala ordered his ministries to use Nepal Samvat calendar in their official letter pads. The prime minister made his order while addressing a mass public gathering held at Vasantapura Durbar squire in the capital Yen (Kathmandu) this morning on the occasion, gathering held in the capital and promised the where he was the chief guest. Premier Koirala support for the official use of the Nepal Samvat assured the people that he will soon bring out the calendar in the country. Though the past prime new Constitution that will preserve all languages, ministers are said to have used the Nepal Samvat cultures and religions of Nepal. Saying what is calendar in their official letter pads, this is yet most lacking today is peace, stability and another first occasion where the incumbent head development, he appealed the people to follow of the Government, Prime Minister Sushil the path shown by Sankhadhar Sakhva, who Koirala made his order in public that his propounded the Nepal Samvat calendar. Sakha, a Government ministries must use the Nepal trader of Kathmandu propounded the Nepal Samvat calendar henceforth. The prime minister Samvat 1135 years ago having paid off the debts was accorded a warm welcome by the public led of the people at the time. The Nepal Samvat by the Nepal Samvat National Calendar calendar had been use since then though there Celebration Chairman Professor Dr. Triratna were some political interruptions in the past. As Manandhar, the former Vice Chancellor of Nepal returned to democratic governance since Lumbini Buddhist University and attended by 1990, every incumbent prime minister has leaders such as Nepal Bhasa activist and human attended the Nepal Samvat New Year Public rights leader Dr. Padmaratna Tuladhar, Newah Buddhist leader Laxmidas Manandhar, Maoist leader and former minister Hisila Yami and public of all level at the Vasantapura Durbar Squire. (Sagar Man Bajracharya contributed to this news report. Photo sources: Devdass Manandhar, (Premier’s photo) and Jagadish Man Rajbhandari (Nepal Samvat public rally), Yen (Kathmandu), Nepal Mandala.) Nepal Lipi Online – The World’s First Online Bulletin in Nepal Scripts (Oct. 24, 2014) - 5 ॆ सस - सॆ ै ० ॆ सस ॠ (स ॆ..चचज च) ू , - . ु ; – ू , भ, ु , - भ, ॐ . ु .. भ .. ु . x . भ ़ ु ं ॐ . .. . .. : < – ु ( – Jeremiah P. Losty, The Art of the Book in India (London: The British Library, ‘ 1982 – being the Catelogue of an Exhibition in London 16 April-1 August 1982) ’ Nepal Lipi Online – The World’s First Online Bulletin in Nepal Scripts (Oct. 24, 2014) - 6 ॆ सस. - सॆ ै ० ॆ सस ॠ (स ॆ..चचज च) ु ु ( ) ़ ु .. , . , . ु – - , ‘ ु ( -) ( - ु - ’ (), ) Ⱦ () () ु ़ —, , , , , , , , ु – Ⱦ - Ⱦ ु . ( -) – . ‘ ’ ( -) , (Arts Asiatiques Vol 34-1974) , , Ⱦ ु ˟ , ु — . , — - ु ल - (ल) ृ ़ ़ Nepal Lipi Online – The World’s First Online Bulletin in Nepal Scripts (Oct. 24, 2014) - 7 ॆ सस. - सॆ ै ० ॆ सस ॠ (स ॆ..चचज च) , , Ⱦ - , , () भ फ ( ) :- A Toucher Etude sur I’ iconographie bouddhique de l’ Inde, (Paris: Ernest Leroux, 1900-1905 Tomes I & II) Ⱦ , ु Institute de France भ भ ु ृ ़ ु ु Le Nepal . ू ( ) ो ल ल , , - ( : , , , , , भ : ़× ɝ ु ु ‘ ’ ) Nepal Lipi Online – The World’s First Online Bulletin in Nepal Scripts (Oct. 24, 2014) - 8 ॆ सस. - सॆ ै ० ॆ सस ॠ (स ॆ..चचज च) "", " ", "" - . ल ( ,) , , ़× : " ़... ़× , 'va' ़. .. , ़× ? '' Vancouver , ‘very’ ' ' "" "" "" "" , ” “Va” '' : "" "" , ‘’ ( ) , ‘’(“wa”) ( , want [ ƺ] , wish [ ]) "" "" ल ल , भ ल ल ‘’ (“wa”) . , , "" "" "" " ," " " " ," " " , "," " " "" "" "" "" ? ( Nepal Lipi Online – The World’s First Online Bulletin in Nepal Scripts (Oct. 24, 2014) - 9 ॆ सस. - सॆ ै ० ॆ सस ॠ (स ॆ..चचज च) - "" "" ) – , ? " -" - "- " - "×" " " , "" "" "" " " "" " " "" "" "ल" " " "" “ () ” () "×" "" " " "" "" - ो "" भ “va” "" - “bha = " "dha = " () Proof-reading “va = ” ( , ) भ , , Bharat Varat .
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  • A Critical and Comparative Study of Hinduism and Buddhism with Specific Reference to Nepal

    A Critical and Comparative Study of Hinduism and Buddhism with Specific Reference to Nepal

    A CRITICAL AND COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HINDUISM AND BUDDHISM WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO NEPAL A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE NORTH BENGAL UNIVERSITY FOR THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY BY SUJATA DEO GUIDE PROF. DEBIKA SAHA DEPARTMENT OF STUDIES IN PHILOSOPHY NORTH BENGAL UNIVERSITY FEBRUARY, 2017 Dedicated in Memory of My Grandmother Laxmi Devi Grandfather Dameshawar Narayan Deo, Mother Sumitra Devi And Uncle Narendra Deo ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In preparation and materialisation of this thesis I am greatful to my supervisor Prof. Debika Saha. She has taken keen interest in my research work and given suggestions at almost every stage. I am greatful to both ‘Tribhuvan University’ and ‘North Bengal University’ which have given me golden opportunity to conduct the research on such an important topic. I express my gratitude towards ICCR (Indian Council of Cultural Relation) which has granted me scholarship to complete this very stupendous task. I am greatful to the Department of Psychology and Philosophy of Trichandra College which has given me permission to go ahead in my research work. I am extending my thanks to Prof. Usha Kiran Subba (Head of the Department), Prof. Ganga Pathak, Dr. Bharati Adhikari, Dr. Ramchandra Aryal, Dr. Gobind Saran Upadhyaya, Lec. Narayan Sharma and Kamala Sharma of Trichandra College. I am offering my thanks to Dr. Nirmal Kumar Roy (Head of the Department) for his kind help and support. I wish to thank Prof. Raghunath Ghosh, Prof. Jyotish Chandra Basak, Prof. Kantilal Das, Dr. Koushik Joardar, Dr. Laxmikant Padhi, Dr. Anirban Mukherjee, Dr. N. Ramthing and Smt. Swagata Ghosh for their valuable suggestions.