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Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal Department of Roads (DOR) Kathmandu Valley Development Authority (KVDA)

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Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal Department of Roads (DOR) Kathmandu Valley Development Authority (KVDA) Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal Department of Roads (DOR) Kathmandu Valley Development Authority (KVDA) FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF NEPAL THE PROJECT ON URBAN TRANSPORT IMPROVEMENT FOR KATHMANDU VALLEY FINAL REPORT VOLUME I PRESENT CONDITIONS MAY 2017 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) EIGHT-JAPAN ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS INC. NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. EI TAMANO CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. JR 17- 068 The Project on Urban Transport Improvement for Kathmandu Valley in Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal Final Report May 2017 Volume 1 PRESENT CONDITIONS Table of Contents List of Figures List of Tables Abbreviations Synopsis Executive Summary TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................. 1-1 1.1 Background of the Study ................................................................................................ 1-1 1.2 Outline of the Study ....................................................................................................... 1-1 1.3 Project Area ................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.4 Organizational Arrangements ........................................................................................ 1-2 CHAPTER 2 OVERVIEW OF KATHMANDU VALLEY ......................... 2-1 2.1 Natural Condition ........................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.1 Topography and Climate ......................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.2 Geology and Earthquake ......................................................................................... 2-2 2.1.3 Rivers and Hydrology ............................................................................................. 2-3 2.2 Socio-economic Profile of Kathmandu Valley .............................................................. 2-4 2.2.1 Socio Economy ....................................................................................................... 2-4 2.2.2 Population ............................................................................................................. 2-10 2.2.3 Environmental Condition ...................................................................................... 2-12 2.2.4 Analysis of Socio-economic Condition in Kathmandu Valley ............................. 2-19 2.3 Roles and Tasks of Related Organization .................................................................... 2-19 2.3.1 Urban Planning and Development ........................................................................ 2-19 2.3.2 Road and Traffic Control Sector ........................................................................... 2-32 2.3.3 Public Transport Sector ......................................................................................... 2-39 2.3.4 Environmental Sector ............................................................................................ 2-42 2.3.5 Disaster Prevention Sector .................................................................................... 2-44 CHAPTER 3 REVIEW OF EXISTING PLANS AND ON-GOING PROJECTS 3-1 3.1 Existing Plan .................................................................................................................. 3-1 3.1.1 Urban Development and Land Use ......................................................................... 3-1 3.1.2 Road Development .................................................................................................. 3-5 3.1.3 Disaster Prevention ................................................................................................. 3-7 3.2 Existing Project ............................................................................................................ 3-20 3.2.1 Road Development and Traffic Management ....................................................... 3-20 3.2.2 Road and Public Transport .................................................................................... 3-23 CHAPTER 4 PRESENT LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT CONDITION4-1 4.1 Outline of Land Use in Kathmandu Valley .................................................................... 4-1 4.1.1 Historical Growth in Kathmandu Valley ................................................................ 4-1 4.1.2 Laws and Regulations ............................................................................................. 4-3 4.2 Urban Expansion and Development Trend .................................................................... 4-4 4.2.1 Expansion of Urbanized Area ................................................................................. 4-4 4.2.2 Population distribution ............................................................................................ 4-6 4.2.3 Distribution of Major Land Use and Function ........................................................ 4-9 4.3 Present Urban Development Method ........................................................................... 4-12 4.3.1 Current Land Development Method (Public & Private) ....................................... 4-12 4.3.2 Mechanism and Issues of Current LP Program in Nepal ...................................... 4-19 i The Project on Urban Transport Improvement for Kathmandu Valley in Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal Final Report May 2017 4.4 Issues on Land Use ...................................................................................................... 4-24 CHAPTER 5 PRESENT TRAFFIC CONDITION ...................................... 5-1 5.1 Transport Infrastructure Condition ................................................................................ 5-1 5.1.1 Road and Network .................................................................................................. 5-1 5.1.2 Public Transport and Network ................................................................................ 5-9 5.2 Traffic Movement ........................................................................................................ 5-15 5.2.1 Person’s Movement ............................................................................................... 5-15 5.2.2 Vehicle Movement ................................................................................................ 5-26 5.2.3 Public Transport Movement .................................................................................. 5-31 5.3 Traffic Safety ............................................................................................................... 5-38 5.3.1 Objective ............................................................................................................... 5-38 5.3.2 Study Area and Coverage ...................................................................................... 5-39 5.3.3 Comparison with ESCAP Neighboring Countries ................................................ 5-40 5.3.4 Current situation of traffic accidents in Kathmandu Valley .................................. 5-41 5.3.5 Road Traffic Laws and Regulations ...................................................................... 5-47 5.3.6 Nepal Road Safety Action Plan 2013-2020 .......................................................... 5-48 5.3.7 Activity of Donors ................................................................................................ 5-50 5.4 Freight Traffic .............................................................................................................. 5-51 5.5 Issues on Traffic Condition .......................................................................................... 5-56 5.5.1 Overview of the Current Traffic Problems ........................................................... 5-56 5.5.2 Issues on Traffic Condition ................................................................................... 5-57 5.5.3 SWOT Analysis .................................................................................................... 5-58 ii The Project on Urban Transport Improvement for Kathmandu Valley in Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal Final Report May 2017 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.3.1 Study Area .............................................................................................................. 1-2 Figure 1.4.1 Organization of the Project ..................................................................................... 1-3 Figure 1.4.2 Organization Composition of Working Group ....................................................... 1-6 Figure 2.1.1 New Municipalities in Kathmandu Valley ............................................................. 2-1 Figure 2.1.2 Temperature and Rainfall in Kathmandu Valley .................................................... 2-2 Figure 2.1.3 River System of Kathmandu Valley ....................................................................... 2-4 Figure 2.2.1 Comparison of Living Standard between Nepal, Urban Area and KV ................... 2-9 Figure 2.2.2 Comparison of Vehicle Ownership between Nepal, Urban Area and KV ............. 2-9 Figure 2.2.3 Demographic Pyramid of Nepal and Three Districts of Kathmandu Valley ........ 2-11 Figure 2.2.4 Working Population at Residences and Workplaces ............................................ 2-12 Figure 2.2.5 Number of Students at Residences and Place of School ...................................... 2-12 Figure 2.2.6 Air Quality Monitoring Station in Kathmandu Valley ........................................
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