DOCSLIB.ORG

Genomics of Systemic Induced Defense Responses to Insect Herbivory in Hybrid Poplar

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Genomics of Systemic Induced Defense Responses to Insect Herbivory in Hybrid Poplar GENOMICS OF SYSTEMIC INDUCED DEFENSE RESPONSES TO INSECT HERBIVORY IN HYBRID POPLAR by RYAN NICHOLAS PHILIPPE B.Sc. (Hon.), the University of British Columbia, 2003 A THESIS SUBMITTED 1N PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Botany) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA September 2008 © Ryan Nicholas Philippe, 2008 Abstract The availability of a poplar (Populus trichocarpa Torr & A. Gray, bLack cottonwood) genome sequence is enabling new research approaches in angiosperm tree biology. Much of the recent genomics research in popLars has been on wood formation, growth and deveLopment, and abiotic stress tolerance, motivated, at Least in part, by the fact that popLars provide an important system for Large scale, short-rotation pLantation forestry in the Northern Hemisphere. Given their widespread distribution and long lifespan, poplar trees are threatened by a Large variety of insect herbivore pests, and must deal with their attacks with a successfuL defense response. To sustain productivity and ecosystem health of natural and planted poplar forests, it is of critical importance to develop a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of defense and resistance of poplars against insect pests. Previous research has established a soLid foundation of the chemical ecology of poplar defense against base with Large-scaLe profiling of transcriptome responses of insects. In this study, I buiLd on this popLar trees to insect herbivory. A 15,496-clone cDNA microarray was developed and used to anaLyse transcriptome responses through time to a variety of insect, mechanicaL, and chemicaL eLicitor treatments in treated source leaves, as well as in undamaged systemic source and sink leaves of hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa x deltoides). Comparing mechanical wounding with insect feeding and chemical eLicitor treatment with methyl jasmonate demonstrated that qualitatively similar profiles of transcriptome response were eLicited with differences in the timing of induction. Transcriptome anaLysis in undamaged systemic (eaves of treated trees uncovered distinct early changes in primary metabolism (e.g. sugar metabolism) and general stress responses (e.g. heat shock proteins) prior to the activation of insect herbivory response genes (e.g. Kunitz-type protease inhibitors). Source-sink reLationships are maintained and strengthened by insect damage on source Leaves, emphasizing changes in resource aLlocation patterns as being important for poplar defense. OveraLl, a model of popLar defense begins to emerge where a cascade of transcriptome profiLes through space and time Lead to reorganization of metabolism for tolerance and induction of defense. 11 Table.of Contents Abstract Table of Contents iii List of Tables vi List of Figures vii List of Abbreviations ix Acknowledgements Xii Dedication xiii Co-Authorship Statement xiv 1. Introduction to the Thesis Work 1 1.1 THESIS GOAL I 1.2 THESIS OBJECTIVES 1 1.2.1 Objective #1: To establish a comprehensive literature review of poplar-insect Interactions 1 1.2.2 Objective #2: To develop, validate, and use essential poplar genomics resources 1 response in damaged poplar Leaves on a 1 .2.3 Objective #3: To profile transcriptome large scale 2 1.2.4 Objective #4: To profile a gene family involved in defense response 3 1.2.5 Objective #5: To profile systemic transcriptome defense responses in source and sink leaves 3 1.3 THESIS SUMMARY 4 5 1.4 A NOTE ON THE SEMANTICS OF ‘DEFENSE’ 1.5 REFERENCES 6 2. Poplar Defense against Insect Herbivores 12 2.1 INTRODUCTION 12 14 2.2 INSECT PESTS IN POPLAR 15 2.3 GENERAL ASPECTS OF POPLAR DEFENSE AGAINST INSECTS 18 2.4 CHEMICAL DEFENSES IN POPLARS 2.4.1 Phenotic glycosides 19 2.4.2 Condensed tannins 21 21 2.5 BIOCHEMICAL DEFENSES IN POPLARS 2.5.1 Kunitz protease inhibitors 22 2.5.2 Endochitinases 22 2.5.3 Polyphenol oxidases 23 2.5.4 Other putative defense proteins and proteins that respond to insect attack 24 24 2.6 VOLATILE EMISSION AND INDIRECT DEFENSE IN POPLARS 25 2.7 MOLECULAR AND GENOMIC APPROACHES TO POPLAR DEFENSE AGAINSTS INSECTS 2.7.1 Emerging results from new genomic research on poplar defense against insects 27 29 2.8 MANUSCRIPT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2.9 REFERENCES 30 of Poplar 3. EST Resource and Microarray Platform Development and their use in a Preliminary Study Transcriptome Responses to Insect Herbivory 43 43 3.1 INTRODUCTION 46 3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 3.2.1 Plant material and insects 46 47 3.2.2 cDNA libraries 3.2.3 Transformation and colony picking 47 3.2.4 CuLturing and DNA purification of ptasmid clones 49 49 3.2.5 DNA evaluation 3.2.6 DNA sequencing 50 3.2.7 Treatment of trees with FTC 50 111 3.2.8 Microarray fabrication control. and quality 51 3.2.9 Microarray hybridization and analysis 52 3.2.10 Quantitative reaL-time PCR (QRT-PCR) 54 3.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 56 3.3.1 Sequencing and assembLy of popLar ESTs 56 3.3.2 Quality and complexity of cDNA libraries and gene discovery 57 3.3.3 Comparison against public Populus ESTs, the popLar genome, and Arabidopsis thaliana 59 3.3.4 DeveLopment of a popLar cDNA microarray 61 3.3.5 Microarray transcriptome profiling of FTC herbivory of popLar Leaves 62 3.3.6 Genes of unknown functions affected by FTC 65 3.3.7 Genes of general metabolism affected by FTC 65 3.3.8 Photosynthesis genes affected by FTC 68 3.3.9 Transport genes affected by FTC 68 3.3.10 Transcriptional regulation and signaLing affected by FTC 70 3.3.11 Octadecanoid and ethyLene pathway genes affected by FTC 72 3.3.12 Stress response genes affected by FTC 73 3.3.13 Secondary metabolism genes affected by FTC 73 3.3.14 Oxidative stress genes affected by FTC 75 3.3.15 Refined gene-specific expression using QRT-PCR 75 3.4 MANUSCRIPT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 78 3.5 REFERENCES 79 4. FLcDNA CLoning and Genome Mining of Poplar Kunitz-type Protease Inhibitors ReveaLs a Rapidly Diverging Family of Insect Gut-Resistant Proteins w/ Tissue-Specific Stress-Inducible Expression 88 4.1 INTRODUCTION 88 4.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 90 4.2.1 Plant material, insects and rearing, and oral secretion collection 90 4.2.2 Herbivory/Wounding/OS/MeJa treatments and tissue harvest 91 4.2.3 RNA isoLation, microarray hybridization and analysis 91 4.2.4 Isolation of poplar full-Length KPI cDNA clones 95 4.2.5 Sequence and phylogenetic analyses 95 4.2.6 Quantitative real-time PCR analyses 96 4.2.7 Liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) anaLysis of protein In insect gut contents 98 4.3 RESULTS 100 4.3.1 PopuLus trichocarpa NisqualLy-1 KPI genome anaLysis 100 4.3.2 The poplar KPI inventory 104 4.3.3 Phytogenetic analysis of poplar KPI gene family 111 4.3.4 Poplar KPI sequence alignment 115 4.3.5 Poplar KPI evolution 119 4.3.6 Microarray profiLing highlights up-regulation of KPIs in poplar defense response 123 4.3.7 AnaLysis of the response in individual trees confirms vaLidity of results obtained with pooLed replicates 125 4.3.8 Validation of microarray results and refined gene expression analysis 128 4.3.9 Constitutive KPI expression levels in different organs of popLar 131 4.3.10 KPI proteins are found in the insect gut 133 4.4 DISCUSSION 135 4.4.1 Status of the poplar genome sequence assembLy informed from genome and FLcDNA analysis of the KPI family 135 4.4.2 Poplar KPI diversity 135 4.4.3 Insect-related initial suppression of KPI genes 136 4.4.4 KPI proteins may be intact in the insect gut 137 4.5 MANUSCRIPT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 137 4.6 REFERENCES 138 iv 5. Induced Systemic Defense in Poplar to Simulated Herbivory InvoLves a Cascade of Transcriptional & Metabolic Responses with Changes in Source-Sink ReLationships and Resource Allocation Patterns 143 5.1 INTRODUCTION 143 5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 146 5.2.1 PLant materiaL and insects 146 5.2.2 CoLLection of oral secretions and treatment of trees 146 5.2.3 Invertase assay 148 5.2.4 RNA isolation 148 5.2.5 Microarray hybridization and gene expression data anaLysis 148 5.2.6 Quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) and gene expression data analysis 151 5.2.7 Isolation of poplar full-length galactinol synthase (GOLS) cDNA clones 152 5.2.8 GOLS sequence and phyLogenetic anaLysis 152 5.2.9 SoLubLe sugars and starch analyses 153 5.3 RESULTS 154 5.3.1 Invertase activity demonstrates source-sink reLationship between leaf groups 154 5.3.2 Individual trees confirm validity of results using pooLed replicates 156 5.3.3 Large-scale patterns of systemic transcriptome responses to FTC OS treatment in hybrid poplar reveal common late-response profiles across leaf types, contrasted with varying early-response profiles 158 5.34 CLustering analysis demonstrates source/sink and treated/untreated distinctions in transcriptome response to OS treatment 161 53.5 QRT-PCR validation of systemic microarray experiment 163 5.3.6 Systemic sink leaves have a unique pattern of early response to FTC OS 167 5.3.7 Isoprene synthase (ISPS) expression burst in systemic leaves contrasts suppression in wounded Leaves 170 5.3.8 PopLar gaLactinoL synthase (GOLS) gene family 172 5.3.9 Galactinol synthases form a well-conserved gene family in angiosperms 174 5.3.10 Galactinol synthase expression demonstrates source- or sink-specific induction in response to simuLated herbivory 178 5.3.11 Simulated herbivory induces galactinol a raffinose biosynthesis in popLar Leaves ...178 5.4 DISCUSSION 182 5.4.1 Simulated insect feeding on poplar results in enhanced source-sink relationships ....182 5.4.2 Expression profiLing reveals unique responses in systemic sink tissues 182 5.4.3 Isoprene synthase gene expression differs between treated local and untreated systemic Leaves 183 5.4.4 GalactinoL and galactinol synthase are involved in systemic induced insect defense 183 5.4.5 Multiple signaLs potentially involved in activation of systemic defense response in poplar 184 5.4.6 ConcLusions 185 5.5 MANUSCRIPT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 185 5.6 REFERENCES 187 6.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Annotated List of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 38: 1–549 (2010) Annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383 MONOGRAPH www.pensoftonline.net/zookeys Launched to accelerate biodiversity research An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada Gregory R. Pohl1, Gary G. Anweiler2, B. Christian Schmidt3, Norbert G. Kondla4 1 Editor-in-chief, co-author of introduction, and author of micromoths portions. Natural Resources Canada, Northern Forestry Centre, 5320 - 122 St., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 3S5 2 Co-author of macromoths portions. University of Alberta, E.H. Strickland Entomological Museum, Department of Biological Sciences, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E3 3 Co-author of introduction and macromoths portions. Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, K.W. Neatby Bldg., 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6 4 Author of butterfl ies portions. 242-6220 – 17 Ave. SE, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2A 0W6 Corresponding authors: Gregory R. Pohl ([email protected]), Gary G. Anweiler ([email protected]), B. Christian Schmidt ([email protected]), Norbert G. Kondla ([email protected]) Academic editor: Donald Lafontaine | Received 11 January 2010 | Accepted 7 February 2010 | Published 5 March 2010 Citation: Pohl GR, Anweiler GG, Schmidt BC, Kondla NG (2010) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada. ZooKeys 38: 1–549. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383 Abstract Th is checklist documents the 2367 Lepidoptera species reported to occur in the province of Alberta, Can- ada, based on examination of the major public insect collections in Alberta and the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes.
    [Show full text]
  • Cottonwood Culture and Research in the South Ii D
    COTTONWOOD CULTURE AND RESEARCH IN THE SOUTH II D. T. Cooper- Abstract.--Plantation culture of cottonwood became operational by the mid-sixties, and by 1970, more than 5,000 acres per year were being planted to cottonwood in the South. Indications were that this amount might increase. But, in spite of improved clones and additional research findings, acreage planted per year has decreased to about 3,000 acres. This decline in planted acreage was caused by a combination of factors including soaring land values, interest rates and costs of fuel, labor and equipment; problems with survival rate and anticipated long-term growth rate; misjudgment of site; land use for soybeans; failure of pulpwood markets to develop as expected; and recent losses to floods, insects, and diseases. New clones, techniques that reduce establishment costs, improved markets for small ~ood, and interest outside the Delta should result in an increased rate of planting. Cottonwood Research Through 1970 Planting Technology Planting culture of cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) was operational in the South by the mid-sixties. Following the guidelines of the Southern Hardwoods Laboratory (McKnight 1979), growers cleared highly productive sandy loam bottomland sites containing degenerate natural stands and planted them to cottonwood. Site preparation consisted of shearing stumps and residual trees just below the soil surface, piling part of the debris around the edge of the clearing to exclude deer and burning the rest, and then discing. During the dormant season, 20-inch long hardwood cuttings were placed in subsoil trenches or holes made by planting bars at 9 x 9 to 12 x 12 ft.
    [Show full text]
  • The Geographic Variation of Saperda Inornata Say (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Eastern North America
    The Great Lakes Entomologist Volume 4 Number 2 -- Summer 1971 Number 2 -- Summer Article 2 1971 July 2017 The Geographic Variation of Saperda Inornata Say (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Eastern North America John C. Nord USDA Forest Service, Athens, Georgia Fred B. Knight The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Nord, John C. and Knight, Fred B. 2017. "The Geographic Variation of Saperda Inornata Say (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Eastern North America," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 4 (2) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol4/iss2/2 This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. Nord and Knight: The Geographic Variation of Saperda Inornata Say (Coleoptera: Cer 1971 THE MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGIST 39 THE GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION OF SAPERDA INORNA TA SAY (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA John C. Nordl and Fred B. ~ni~ht~ During the summers of 1962 and 1963 a study of the life history and behavior of what was thought to have been Saperda moesta LeConte in trembling aspen, Populus tremuloides Michaux, was completed in northern Michigan (Nord, 1968). After the field study, it became apparent that the original identification was doubtful. Furthermore, there was a possibility that two species were present in the study areas, thus the biological data collected may have represented not one but two species.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on Population Dynamics of the Yellow Headed Borer Dirphya Nigricornis Olivier (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae), a Pest of Coffe
    STUDIES ON POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE YELLOW HEADED BORER DIRPHYA NIGRICORNIS OLIVIER (COLEOPTERA:CERAMBYCIDAE), A PEST OF COFFEE IN KENYA.^ By F.M.E. j WANJALA _ V> ' \A%% gpH** PHb * tcov^' ^V) .,*■<* L‘“ w ***** A THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY OF Tar, UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI, 1988. UHlVERSirt. Or ‘AIROB* DECLARATION BY CANDIDATE This thesis Is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other University. Sign . g g r . .............. 0lte 88 FREDRICK M.E. WANJALA DECLARATION BY SUPERVISOR This thesis has been submitted for examination with my approval as University supervisor. -4 •£- f P Sign D a t e --------------- DR. BATTAN M. KHAEMBA (B.Sc., Makerere; M.Sc., Ph.D., Nairobi) University of Nairobi, Kenya . Ill TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TITLE --------------------------------------------- DECLARATION--------------------------------------- ii TABLE OF CONTENTS--------------------------------- iii LIST OF T A B L E S ------------------------------------ viii LIST OF F I G U R E S---------------------------------- xv LIST OF PLATES ------------------------------------ xvii LIST OF APPENDICES------------------------------- xviii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ---------------------------------- xx ABSTRACT ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- XX ii JL V TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER Page 1 INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW ------ 1 1 .1 INTRODUCTION------------------------------ 1 1.1.1 Economic value of the coffee crop to K e n y a --------------------------------- 1 1.1.2 Dirphya nigricornis as a constraint to coffee production in Kenya -------------- 2 1.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE --------------------- 3 1.2.1 Identification of D. nigricornis--------- 3 1.2.2 Ecology and distribution of D. nigricornis ----------------------------- 4 1.2.3 Bioloaical studies on D. nigricornis in Kenyan coffee ecosystems ---------------- 5 1.2.4 Previous studies on population dynamics and damage of D.
    [Show full text]
  • A Selective Bibliography on Insects Causing Wood Defects in Living Eastern Hardwood Trees By
    Historic, Archive Document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. V1 Inited States epartment of .griculture A SELECTIVE Forest Service BIBLIOGRAPHY ON Bibliographies and Literature of Agriculture No. 15 INSECTS CAUSING t»4 WOOD DEFECTS IN LIVING EASTERN HARDWOOD TREES o cr-r m c m TO CO ^ze- es* A Selective Bibliography on Insects Causing Wood Defects in Living Eastern Hardwood Trees by C. John Hay Research Entomologist Forestry Sciences Laboratory Northeastern Forest Experiment Station U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Delaware, Ohio J. D. Solomon Principal Research Entomologist Southern Hardwoods Laboratory Southern Forest Experiment Station U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Stoneville, Miss. Bibliographies and Literature of Agriculture No. 15 U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service July 1981 3 8 Contents Introduction 1 Tylonotus bimaculatus Haldeman, ash and Host Tree Species 2 privet borer 18 Hardwood Borers Xylotrechus aceris Fisher, gallmaking maple borer*. 1 General and miscellaneous species 4 Curculionidae Coleoptera Conotrachelus anaglypticus Say, cambium curculio . 18 General and miscellaneous species 7 Cryptorhynchus lapathi (Linnaeus), poplar-and- Brentidae willow borer* 18 Arrhenodes minutus (Drury), oak timbenvorm* .. 8 Lymexylonidae Buprestidae Melittomma sericeum (Harris), chestnut General and miscellaneous species 9 timbenvorm* 22 Agrilus acutipennis Mannerheim 9 Scolytidae Agrilus anxius Gory, bronze birch borer* 9 General and miscellaneous species
    [Show full text]
  • FIELD GUIDE to DISEASES and INSECTS of QUAKING ASPEN in the WEST Part I: WOOD and BARK BORING INSECTS Brytten E
    United States Department of Agriculture FIELD GUIDE TO DISEASES AND INSECTS OF QUAKING ASPEN IN THE WEST Part I: WOOD AND BARK BORING INSECTS Brytten E. Steed and David A. Burton Forest Forest Health Protection Publication April Service Northern Region R1-15-07 2015 WOOD & BARK BORING INSECTS WOOD & BARK BORING INSECTS CITATION Steed, Brytten E.; Burton, David A. 2015. Field guide to diseases and insects FIELD GUIDE TO of quaking aspen in the West - Part I: wood and bark boring insects. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Missoula DISEASES AND INSECTS OF MT. 115 pp. QUAKING ASPEN IN THE WEST AUTHORS Brytten E. Steed, PhD Part I: WOOD AND BARK Forest Entomologist BORING INSECTS USFS Forest Health Protection Missoula, MT Brytten E. Steed and David A. Burton David A. Burton Project Director Aspen Delineation Project Penryn, CA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Technical review, including species clarifications, were provided in part by Ian Foley, Mike Ivie, Jim LaBonte and Richard Worth. Additional reviews and comments were received from Bill Ciesla, Gregg DeNitto, Tom Eckberg, Ken Gibson, Carl Jorgensen, Jim Steed and Dan Miller. Many other colleagues gave us feedback along the way - Thank you! Special thanks to Betsy Graham whose friendship and phenomenal talents in graphics design made this production possible. Cover images (from top left clockwise): poplar borer (T. Zegler), poplar flat­ head (T. Zegler), aspen bark beetle (B. Steed), and galls from an unidentified photo by B. Steed agent (B. Steed). We thank the many contributors of photographs accessed through Bugwood, BugGuide and Moth Photographers (specific recognition in United States Department of Agriculture Figure Credits).
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Control of Arthropod Pests of C '" the Northeastern and North Central Forests in the United States: a Review and Recommendations
    Forest Health Technology , ..~ , Enterprise Team TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Biological Control . Biological Control of Arthropod Pests of c '" the Northeastern and North Central Forests in the United States: A Review and Recommendations Roy G. Van Driesche Steve Healy Richard C. Reardon ,­ Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team - Morgantown, WV '.","' USDA Forest Service '. FHTET -96-19 December 1996 --------- Acknowledgments We thank: Richard Dearborn, Kenneth Raffa, Robert Tichenor, Daniel Potter, Michael Raupp, and John Davidson for help in choosing the list of species to be included in this report. Assistance in review ofthe manuscript was received from Kenneth Raffa, Ronald Weseloh, Wayne Berisford, Daniel Potter, Roger Fuester, Mark McClure, Vincent Nealis, Richard McDonald, and David Houston. Photograph for the cover was contributed by Carole Cheah. Thanks are extended to Julia Rewa for preparation, Roberta Burzynski for editing, Jackie Twiss for layout and design, and Patricia Dougherty for printing advice and coordination ofthe manuscript. Support for the literature review and its publication came from the USDA Forest Service's Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26505. Cover Photo: The hemlock woolly adelgid faces a challenge in the form ofthe newly-discovered exotic adelgid predator, Pseudoscymnus tsugae sp. nov. Laboratory and preliminary field experiments indicate this coccinellid's potential to be one ofthe more promising biological control agents this decade. Tiny but voracious, both the larva and adult (shown here) attack all stages ofthe adelgid. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in its programs on the basis ofrace, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, and marital or familial status.
    [Show full text]
  • Phenology and Infestation Patterns of the Cottonwood Twig Borer (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Iowa
    The Great Lakes Entomologist Volume 31 Numbers 3 & 4 - Fall/Winter 1998 Numbers 3 & Article 6 4 - Fall/Winter 1998 October 1998 Phenology and Infestation Patterns of the Cottonwood Twig Borer (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Iowa Joel D. McMillin Iowa State University Michael J. Anderson Iowa State University Elizabeth E. Butin Iowa State University Elwood R. Hart Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation McMillin, Joel D.; Anderson, Michael J.; Butin, Elizabeth E.; and Hart, Elwood R. 1998. "Phenology and Infestation Patterns of the Cottonwood Twig Borer (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Iowa," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 31 (3) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol31/iss3/6 This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. McMillin et al.: Phenology and Infestation Patterns of the Cottonwood Twig Borer ( 1998 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 181 PHENOLOGY AND INFESTATION PATIERNS OF THE COTIONWOOD TWIG BORER (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) IN IOWA Joel D. McMillin1,3, MichaelJ. Anderson2, Elizabeth E. Butin2, and Elwood R. Hartl, 2 ABSTRACT Cottonwood twig borer, Gypsonoma haimbachiana (Lepidoptera: Totrici­ dae), phenology and infestation patterns on Populus spp. were examined over a 2-year period in Iowa. Weekly sampling of infested shoots during the host growing season verified the existence of five instars. Head capsule size in­ creased nonlinearly from the first to the fifth instar and corresponded to a concomitant geometric increase in the volume of larval feeding galleries.
    [Show full text]
  • Insects of Western North America 1
    INSECTS OF WESTERN NORTH AMERICA 1. A Survey of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera), or Longhomed Beetles of Colorado Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Department ofBioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University ISBN 1084-8819 Cover illustration. Moneilema armatum Leconte, illustration by Matt Leatherman. Copies of this publication may be ordered for $10. 00 from Gillette Museum ·of Arthropod Diversity, Department ofBioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523. Make check to Gillette Museum Publications. See inside back cover for other available publications. INSECTS OF WESTERN NORTH AMERICA 1. A Survey of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera), or Longhomed Beetles, of Colorado by Daniel J. Heffern 10531 Goldfield Lane Houston, Texas 77064 1998 Figures 1-5. 1. Leptura propinqua Bland, Larimer Co., P.A. Opler; 2. Plectrodera scalator (Fabricius), Prowers Co., P.A. Opler; 3. Megacyllene robiniae (Forster), larvae, Larimer Co., S. Krieg; 4. Tetraopesfemoratus (LeConte), Larimer Co., P.A. Opler; 5. Monochamus c. clamator (LeConte), Larimer Co., D. Leatherman. i A Sunrey of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera), or Longhorned Beetles of Colorado Daniel J. Heffern 10531 Goldfield Lane Houston, TX 77064 Abstract The purpose of this publication is to provide an account of the longhomed beetles of Colorado, to present new distributional records and to bring pertinent literature records together. One hundred ninety-three species and subspecies in 88 genera are listed, including thirty-eight new state records. The overall species distributions and host plants are included to provide an understanding of the zoogeography and possible origins of the species in the state. All available county records are included from the major institutional collections in Colorado, literature records, and numerous private collections.
    [Show full text]
  • Agronomic Performance of Populus Deltoides Trees Engineered for Biofuel Production
    Faculty Scholarship 2017 Agronomic performance of Populus deltoides trees engineered for biofuel production David Macaya-Sanz Jin-Gui Chen Udaya C. Kalluri Wellington Muchero Timothy J. Tschaplinski See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/faculty_publications Authors David Macaya-Sanz, Jin-Gui Chen, Udaya C. Kalluri, Wellington Muchero, Timothy J. Tschaplinski, Lee E. Gunter, Sandra J. Simpson, Ajaya K. Biswal, Anthony C. Bryan, Raja Payyavula, Meng Xie, Yongil Yang, Jin Zhang, Debra Mohnen, Gerald A. Tuskan, and Stephen P. DiFazio Macaya‑Sanz et al. Biotechnol Biofuels (2017) 10:253 DOI 10.1186/s13068-017-0934-6 Biotechnology for Biofuels RESEARCH Open Access Agronomic performance of Populus deltoides trees engineered for biofuel production David Macaya‑Sanz1, Jin‐Gui Chen2, Udaya C. Kalluri2, Wellington Muchero2, Timothy J. Tschaplinski2, Lee E. Gunter2, Sandra J. Simon1, Ajaya K. Biswal3,4, Anthony C. Bryan2, Raja Payyavula2, Meng Xie2, Yongil Yang2, Jin Zhang2, Debra Mohnen3,4, Gerald A. Tuskan2 and Stephen P. DiFazio1* Abstract Background: One of the major barriers to the development of lignocellulosic feedstocks is the recalcitrance of plant cell walls to deconstruction and saccharifcation. Recalcitrance can be reduced by targeting genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis, but this can have unintended consequences that compromise the agronomic performance of the trees under feld conditions. Here we report the results of a feld trial of fourteen distinct transgenic Populus deltoides lines that had previously demonstrated reduced recalcitrance without yield penalties under greenhouse conditions. Results: Survival and productivity of the trial were excellent in the frst year, and there was little evidence for reduced performance of the transgenic lines with modifed target gene expression.
    [Show full text]
  • Great Lakes Entomologist
    Vol. 31, No.3 & 4 Fall/Winter 1998 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST PUBLISHED BY THE MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY THE GREAT lAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Published by the Michigan Entomological Sociely Volume 31 No.3 & 4 ISSN 0090-0222 TABLE OF CONTENTS A new species of Eularsopolipus [Aoori: PodapolipidaeJ from Harpo/us pennsylvanicus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from East Lansing, Michigan Robert W, Husband ..... , . , .............. , , . , .............. , .... , . , . , 141 Evidence of long range transport of a dark morph swallowtail butterfly (Papilia g/aucus) on a storm front into northern Michigan (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) J. Mark Scriber, Mark D. Deering and Aram D, Stump, .. , . , ..... , ... , ........... 151 Effects of enamel point on the behavior and survival of the periodical cicada, Magidcada sepfendecim (Homoptera) and the lesser migratory grasshopper, Me/aoop/us saoguiojpes (Orthoptero). John R. Cooley, G.S. Hammond and D,C. Marshall .... , . , .... , .. , . , ... , .. , .... , 161 The parasitoid complex of first generation Ostrinja nubi/a/is (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae in northwest Ohio Daniel M. Pavuk and Laura l. Hughes .. , ............... , , . , , .... , . , , . , , .... 169 Temperature effects on development in Aphe/inus a/bipodus [Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) from two geogrophic regions Jang-Hoan Lee and Norman C. Elliott ....................................... 173 Phenology and infestation patterns of the cottonwood twig borer (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Iowa Joel D. McMillin, Michael J. Anderson, Elizabeth E. Butin and Elwood
    [Show full text]
  • Forest Vegetation Species Requirements.Pdf
    GREAT TRINITY FOREST Forest Vegetation Species Requirements Descriptions of the major forest vegetation types. Volume 15 Table of Contents Section Page # Description of Major Tree Species 1 Ailanthus 2 American basswood 8 American elm 20 Black walnut 30 Black willow 45 Boxelder 53 Bur oak 61 Cedar elm 71 Cedar elm Fact Sheet 78 Chinaberry 80 Weed of the Week: Chinaberry Tree 81 Chinaberry Fact Sheet 82 Chinese tallow tree 84 Weed of the Week: Chinese tallow tree 85 Natural Area Weeds: Chinese tallow (Sapium sebiferum) 86 Chinese Privet 90 Common persimmon 96 Eastern cottonwood 104 Plains cottonwood 113 Eastern redbud 124 Eastern redcedar 131 Green ash 147 Honeylocust 158 Live oak 168 Osage-orange 173 Pecan 184 Post oak 193 Red mulberry 202 Shumard oak 208 Sugarberry 214 Sycamore 221 Texas ash 233 Texas ash Fact Sheet 234 Ash Fact Sheet 237 Texas Buckeye 242 White ash 249 White mulberry 259 Weed of the Week: White mulberry 260 Ohio Perennial and Biennial Weed Guide: White mulberry 261 Mulberry Fact Sheet 264 Winged elm 269 Major Tree Species Literature Cited 275 Understory Species Requirements 277 Aster spp. 278 Roundleaf greenbriar 282 Japanese honeysuckle 285 Poison ivy 289 Western soapberry 292 Field pansy 296 Common blue violet 298 Virginia creeper 301 Wild onion 305 Canada wildrye 309 Virginia wildrye 312 False garlic 316 Understory Plants Literature Cited 319 Description of Major Tree Species Currently there are seven major tree species and a number of minor tree species occupying the Great Trinity Forest. This section will briefly summarize each species and present supporting documentation should there be a deeper interest.
    [Show full text]