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Geometric Graves in the Panayia Field at Corinth

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Geometric Graves in the Panayia Field at Corinth hesperia 76 (2007) GEOMETRIC GRAVES IN Pages 443S37 THE PANAYIA FIELD AT CORINTH ABSTRACT This article describes the forms and contents of three Geometric graves excavated at Corinth from 2001 to 2004. The two earliest graves date to the that are Early Geometric period and contain monolithic sarcophagi among the earliest known at Corinth. One of these graves and an adjacent pit grave were with niches dating to the Middle Geometric I period provided special as is for grave goods. A nearby child's grave, which may be Geometric well, on also described. The impact of stone sarcophagi the development of the an Corinthian stoneworking industry is considered in appendix. Stray Early area are a Iron Age finds from the Usted in second appendix. INTRODUCTION as a As early 1999 the discovery of Geometric sherds and bronze finger in Field at ring (149) at the site of the large Roman domus the Panayia Ancient Corinth alerted excavators to the possibility of Early Iron Age burials or habitation in this area, located a short distance to the south of the southeastern corner of the Roman Forum (Fig. I).1 In June of 2001, two oinochoe were of the Corinth Excavations. Other 1. Sherds from Early Geometric Early Geometric (92) were illustrations are own. For assistance oinochoai (16,18) discovered in discovered in another robbing trench my in the Corinth Museum I am 1999 in the disturbed upper portion of (RT 192). grateful were to to Bookidis and Ioulia Tzonou well 2002-2. These later deter I would like thank Guy Sanders, Nancy to exca Director of the Corinth Herbst. For me some of the mined join other fragments Excavations, showing same me to the material from the Iron vated in 2002 from lower in the for inviting publish graves Early Age and for to me excavated on the line fill and from the robbing trench (RT presented here explaining graves recently to the The of the of the site of the railroad at 85) immediately south. many aspects history high-speed Corinth, to one its I am indebted to I would like to thank Zoe Aslamantzi Geometric ring (149) is similar and excavation. see to Karen dou and the staff of the Greek Archae found in grave 2003-12 (70; Fig. 47, James Herbst for the plans, was for most of the Service at Corinth. I am below); it discovered in general Sotiriou pottery pro ological grate a.d. to Ioannidou and Lenio ful as well to the scholars fill of the early 19th century de files, and Ino following over northwest Barzioti for the of the for valuable information posited the quarter photographs providing in areas of of room A4 of the Roman domus. In pottery and small finds. These and the their respective expertise: two a 2000 substantial portions of third excavation photographs appear courtesy John Papadopoulos (Attic pottery), ? The American School of Classical Studies at Athens 444 CHRISTOPHER A. PFAFF a 1 Plan of central excavation of robbing trench (RT 222) north of the fountain court of Figure (opposite). Corinth in the Iron the Roman domus revealed the top of what later proved to be the lid of the Early Age, the Geometric in the sarcophagus of grave 2002-11 (Figs. 2-4).2 InMay of 2002, this grave was showing graves Field. J. Herbst positively identified when excavation of another robbed foundation trench Panayia (RT 85) along the northern side of the fountain court of the Roman domus brought to light the damaged south end of the sarcophagus beneath the was lid. Over the following month, the sarcophagus fully revealed and the was was trench into which it set carefully excavated.3 area In the spring of 2003, the immediately north of grave 2002-11 was excavated below Roman levels to determine whether other graves were a located there. This work resulted in the discovery of second grave (grave an 2003-12), which contained undisturbed sarcophagus.4 In the following areas to west were year, the the north and of grave 2003-12 explored in the a hope of finding additional graves. InMay of 2004, excavation revealed cache of four whole Geometric vessels a short distance to the north of grave area 2003-12. Subsequent exploration of the immediately north of this to a deposit led the identification of the trench and burial pit of plundered grave (grave 2004-4) and revealed that the previously discovered cache a cut of vessels had been deposited in niche into the southern side of the same grave trench.5 At the time, excavation along the western side of grave to a 2003-12 brought light niche full of grave goods, including 14 whole a Geometric vessels and spearhead. Although cut into the side of the grave trench, this niche had gone undetected at the time of the initial excava was tion of the trench, owing to the fact that the fill in the niche nearly indistinguishable from the earth into which the niche and grave trench season had been dug.6 The 2004 also brought to light the disturbed burial a m of child (grave 2004-3), located roughly 6.5 east-northeast of grave 2004-4.7 In the absence of any associated finds, this fourth grave cannot be dated with confidence, but its location near the other three suggests that it too may belong to the Geometric period. a What follows is detailed description and analysis of all four graves a together with catalogue of the finds associated with the first three. For convenience, the catalogue is divided according to context, although items in a the catalogue are numbered sequentially in single series. Other El A finds are discovered between 1999 and 2004 in the vicinity of the graves listed in LPG = Late MG = 944 954. Ethne Barnes and Sherry Fox (physical Protogeometric, Corinth field notebooks and and Chris Middle MPG =Middle 4. The excavation of 2003-12 anthropology), Hayward Geometrie, grave I to PG = was Andrew Insua and (geology). Finally, wish expressmy Protogeometric, Protogeometric, supervised by to the trench SM = William S. Bubelis and recorded in deepest gratitude super Submycenaean. visors, named in the footnotes, for their 2. The excavations that revealed the Corinth field notebook 958. were 5. The excavation of 2004-4 careful recording of the excavation of lid of grave 2002-11 recorded by grave and to Mark in note and its associated niche was the graves presented here, Sarah Lepinski Corinth field super book 944. When the lid was first re vised Sarah and recorded in Landon for his extraordinarily careful by James a void its east Corinth field notebook 966. editing of the manuscript. vealed, opened up along ern to the excavator 6. This niche was excavated under The following standard abbrevia side, suggesting are that there be a or manhole the of Sarah and tions used for the Early Iron Age might grave supervision James ceramic the beneath it. in (EIA) phases and periods recorded Corinth field notebook 966. = 3. The excavation of 2002-11 7. The excavation of 2004-3 they represent: EG Early Geomet grave grave = and its associated fills was was Sarah and ric, EPC Early Protocorinthian, supervised supervised by James = = G Geometric, LG Late Geometric, by Christine Smith and recorded in recorded in Corinth field notebook 962. " r" 1 GEOM.OR PC i lmg i, "SUBMYC. Theater \ / \ ^: **f&????i? .EG -1^ 446 CHRISTOPHER A. PFAFF 1 ??m - S ?$%?d. ; v*v .?.- ?** RT212 iU?*Srt-?*;<''il? ?j??iW?&s^fe'?il&-?ii^>^' .:;. ??W^'^*1^^*?-1,^***?i^:- .;,{{ '."-. GEOMETRIC GRAVES IN THE PANAYIA FIELD 447 Grave ( 2004-3 Grave 955N 2004-4 Grave 2003-12 950N Grave 2002-11 945N LU O CM ? 10m j4 ^\-^o< Figure 2 (opposite). Actual-state plan of the Geometric graves, showing Herbst later phases of activity. J. 3 of Figure (above). Actual-state plan the Geometric graves, without later Herbst phases of activity. J. 448 christopher a. pfaff Grave Grave 2002-11 Grave 2003-12 2004-4 -?ira 92m mr^T? _fef??p 91m 90m 5 10m 4. Restored section Figure through 2. These are to an Appendix additional finds included provide indication graves 2002-11,2003-12, and of the fuller range of EIA material from this part of the site and to show 2004-4, from east. area was that EIA activity in the almost certainly not limited to the four burials that have so far been uncovered. Confirmation of the existence of additional graves or other features that might have been associated with the various stray finds must, however, await further excavation.8 GRAVE 2002-11 Grave Trench a set a Grave 2002-11 consists of single sarcophagus into roughly rectangu cut lar trench into reddish brown, pebbly alluvium (Figs. 5,6). The trench are and sarcophagus both oriented slightly west of true north. The trench a m is roughly 2.30 by 3.80 m, leaving space about 0.60-0.70 wide at the m sides of the sarcophagus and about 0.90-1.00 wide at the ends. The sar rests at a cophagus the bottom of the trench in slightly tilted position. At its a northern end, the top of the sarcophagus lies at level of 91.35-91.36 masl, m roughly 0.95 below the floor of the fountain court of the Roman domus, which is preserved to the south of the grave. The top of the southern end some m of the sarcophagus (not preserved) would have been 0.10 higher than that of the northern end. The original ground level from which the was 8.
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