Loyola University New Orleans
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LOYOLA UNIVERSITY NEW ORLEANS Spring 2019 CRIM-A405-A51 Timothy McElroy, Juris Doctor Instructor [email protected] 504.442.0168 Wednesday evenings 6:00 pm-10:20 pm January 9 through February 27, 2019 Studying Criminal Law as a college student in New Orleans: Course Description and Objectives: This course is designed to provide insight and instruction on the fundamental concepts and principles of criminal law by studying various crimes and the elements which define them. Our study will also include the legal defenses against criminal accusations. Our textbook, A Brief Introduction of Criminal Law, Second Edition was designed and authored by USM Professors Carlan and Nored and provides a basic format for our classroom instruction. Our classroom conversations are enhanced by cases which highlight and illustrate the application of the crime and/or defense. In large part, the textbook references common law, practiced to some extent in every state, but we will also refer to the Louisiana Code of Criminal Code. From the outset, it is important to understand that most states’ criminal statutes, with limited exceptions, closely resemble each other. Whenever that is not the case, we will look more closely to how Louisiana’s criminal statutes are different and to what extent that difference is important. Understand that the term common law refers generally to the adoption by the American colonies-and thereafter the States-of the legal reasoning, methods and practices from England for interpreting laws, customs, and case decisions. The common law term for this reliance is stare decisis, the Latin term for let the decision stand. 1 The fact is that most criminal statutes in modern times have been written and are constantly revised by every state legislature in the United States whenever that state legislature convenes. Bound volumes of law, known as Revised Statutes, are compiled and codified by titles. Virtually every aspect of law is contained in a designated title: banking; education; crimes; insurance; real estate, civil law contracts, traffic regulations, commercial regulations, and so on. Take a look at https://www.legis.la.gov for the complete list of 56 titles included in Louisiana’s Revised Statutes. The criminal statutes, which we refer to as “crimes”, are found in Title 14, Title 15 and Title 40 of the Louisiana Revised Statutes. Additionally, the Louisiana Code of Criminal Procedure, referred to as C. Cr. P., addresses specific areas of criminal procedure governing criminal trials. You will find https://www.legis.la.gov an indispensable research tool for easy references to all titles of the Revised Statutes; Louisiana Constitution; Children’s Code; the Code of Criminal Procedure and the Code of Evidence. At my request, our Blackboard manager will post this link in the Course Materials section of Blackboard for your convenience. Another invaluable research resource is the website www.oyez.org which provides a gist/summary along with the full opinion of United States Supreme Court cases listed in this syllabus which will be a part of our classroom discussion from time to time. Course Materials and Lecture Outlines As previously indicated, the required text is A Brief Introduction to Criminal Law, Second Edition, by authors Carlan, Nored & Downey, published by Jones and Bartlett Learning ISBN: 978-1-284-05611-2 My PowerPoint lectures notes will also be posted in the Course Materials section of Blackboard to assist students in preparing for classroom instruction and discussion. My lecture PowerPoint is not intended to substitute for your reading and understanding the assignments. 2 Blackboard is an essential resource for several reasons: In the event of a campus evacuation or any class disruption, this is the vehicle by which the University mandates course continuation in instruction. From the viewpoint of classroom instruction, Blackboard is the means by which I post class announcements, articles, criminal cases and other matters of interest. If you need assistance logging on to Blackboard, the staff in Monroe Library is available to you. Class Meeting Dates / Examination Dates / Essay Due Date: Class 1: Wednesday, January 9, 2019: Our opening class begins with introductions, course objectives and expectations and course requirements addressed by this syllabus. Class instruction begins with Chapter 1: Substantive Criminal Law: Principles and Working Vocabulary: Law is a language; as you practice this new language, you become less intimidated and more confident with the terms and the meanings of those terms. As the semester moves on—and it moves rapidly in an 8 week course--the language becomes more sophisticated and the terms take on more consequence. In addition to the textbook assignment, review La. Revised Statutes, Title 14, article 2, of the Louisiana Criminal Code which lists definitions, an important reference point throughout our studies. Read and distinguish the definitions of felony from misdemeanor. Read also from the Code of Criminal Procedure, Article 782, which addresses the number of jurors necessary to render a legal verdict in specific crimes; Article 572 which provides the time periods for filing criminal prosecutions and Article 382 which controls when a grand jury 3 indictment rather than a bill of information is required to be filed in a criminal case. State of mind, known as mens rea, is critical to understanding and proving criminal conduct. For these terms, refer to LRS Title 14, Articles 10 and 12, for the legal definitions of specific intent; general intent and criminal negligence. Opening night instruction and discussion concludes with Chapter 2: Crime and Punishment: Constitutional Limitations and Protections. As I am also a Constitutional Law instructor, this chapter has particular relevance to my instruction on criminal law. We examine several Constitutional provisions: the 14th Amendment; the 5th Amendment; the 6th Amendment and the 8th Amendment. We will also discuss the 2nd Amendment and the 4th Amendment to the extent they impact substantive criminal law. These amendments are included in the Appendices of your textbook. Following a discussion of the various forms and types of criminal punishment, we will close with a review of Louisiana’s Habitual Offender Statute, located at Louisiana Revised Statute, Title 15, article 529.1, also referenced as LRS 15:529.1. Class 2: Wednesday, January 16, 2019: This class instruction and discussion begins our study of substantive crimes with Chapter 3: Theft Offenses and Fraudulent Practices. The crimes in this chapter are commonly referred to as “crimes of misappropriation without violence” beginning with theft, LRS 14:67 and continuing through commercial bribery, LRS 14:73. Chapter 4: Crimes Against Habitation; Robbery; and Assault includes a variety of offenses, many of which are referred to as “families”, such as the various types of arson, LRS 14:51-54.5; the various types of burglaries, LRS 14:60-62.9; the various types of robberies, LRS 64-65.1; extortion also known as blackmail in common law, LRS 14:66; the various types of assault, LRS 14:36-38; and the various types of batteries, LRS 14:33-35.3. 4 Class instruction is supplemented beyond the textbook materials with the study of the various types of kidnapping, LRS 14:44-45; interference with the Custody of a Child, LRS 14:45.1; false imprisonment, LRS 14:46-46.1; and the offenses categorized as human trafficking, LRS 14: 46.2-46.3. Class concludes with instruction on various types of gun offenses, LRS 14:94-95.10; the various types of offenses against children: contributing to the delinquency of juveniles, LRS 14:92; various forms of cruelty to juveniles, LRS 14:93-93.2.1; some forms of harassment, namely stalking and cyberstalking, LRS 14:40.2 and 40.3; cyberbullying, LRS 14:40.7; and two relatively new offenses, one concerning criminal breach of privacy: Non-consensual Disclosure of a Private Image, LRS 14:283.2; and the newly enhanced form of hazing, LRS 14:40.8, read with LRS 17:1801. Class 3: Wednesday, January 23, 2019: Essay courtroom designation; 1st in-class quiz Instruction and discussion begins with Chapter 5: Criminal Homicide, which together with the following chapter on sex crimes, requires a comparison of the general common law definitions with Louisiana’s definitions of homicides and sex crimes. Start your study assignment by reviewing L R S, Title 14, Article 29, which defines the various grades of homicide in Louisiana. Read also 14:32.5, feticide and 14:2 which define the terms “person” and “unborn child”. We begin with Louisiana’s statutes defining the grades of homicides and the textbook instruction on the definition and proof regarding the term “legally dead”. We then discuss the timelines for holding persons responsible for homicide and review Louisiana’s laws regarding time limitations imposed upon the prosecution to file criminal homicide charges. For this you must review and understand Code of Criminal Procedure, Article 571. 5 This chapter concludes with an in-depth comparison between Louisiana and common law’s grades of homicides and the critical distinctions between Louisiana’s specific intent and common law’s premeditation and malice aforethought. Chapter 6: Sex Offenses is the subject of the second part of this class. Our discussion focuses on both common law sex offenses and Louisiana’s sex crimes, beginning with the most egregious offense in this chapter, forcible rape, referred to in our state as first degree rape, LRS 14:42, and continuing through the various grades of rape. Instruction continues with several “families” of sex offenses, defined in both Louisiana and common law, including various forms of sexual batteries, LRS 14:43.1-43.3; statutory rape, referred to as carnal knowledge of a juvenile in our state, LRS14:80 and 80.1; indecent behavior with juveniles and molestation of juveniles, LRS 14:14:81 and 14:81.2; crime against nature and aggravated crime against nature, LRS.14:89 and 89.1; computer-aided solicitation of a minor, LRS14:81.3; pornography involving juveniles, LRS14:81.1; sexting, LRS14:81.1.; and voyeurism and video voyeurism, LRS14:283 and 283.1, respectively.