DOCSLIB.ORG

Noninvasive Genetic Studies of Brown Bears Using Power Poles

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Noninvasive Genetic Studies of Brown Bears Using Power Poles Eur J Wildl Res DOI 10.1007/s10344-010-0363-3 ORIGINAL PAPER Noninvasive genetic studies of brown bears using power poles Alexandros A. Karamanlidis & Elena Drosopoulou & Miguel de Gabriel Hernando & Lazaros Georgiadis & Lambros Krambokoukis & Stavri Pllaha & Andreas Zedrosser & Zacharias Scouras Received: 27 August 2009 /Revised: 13 December 2009 /Accepted: 13 January 2010 # Springer-Verlag 2010 Abstract One difficulty in the conservation of endangered samples, evenly distributed throughout six study areas. wildlife is the lack of reliable information on its status. This During 87 sampling sessions in the main study area, we lack of knowledge can often be attributed to financial and collected 191 samples and identified six microsatellite loci logistic constraints as well as the lack of trained personnel to that were variable enough for individual bear identification. collect data. We test a simple method to study bears in the The most and best-quality hair samples were collected during southern Balkans by inspecting power poles, which are used the mating period, and DNA was most successfully extracted by bears for marking and rubbing purposes. We created a from samples remaining <4 weeks in the field. In the six network of barbed-wire fitted poles for the collection of hair study areas, we identified 47 bears. An advantage of using power poles for hair sampling is their availability and accessibility; no bait is required, and the network can be Communicated by H. Kierdorf easily set up. A drawback may be an unequal capture * : : A. A. Karamanlidis: ( ) M. de Gabriel Hernando probability of sex and age classes of bears. Despite this L. Georgiadis L. Krambokoukis limitation, using power poles proved to be a simple and ARCTUROS, Civil Society for the Protection and Management of Wildlife and the Natural Environment, cheap method for the noninvasive genetic study of bears that Roggoti Str. 3, did not require any prior knowledge on habitat use and 54624 Thessaloniki, Greece activity patterns. The method is suitable for large-scale e-mail: [email protected] surveys to estimate distribution and relative densities of bears E. Drosopoulou : Z. Scouras and could also be applied for studying other species. Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Keywords Conservation . DNA . Endangered species . Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece . Management . Methodology. Southern Balkans . 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece Ursus arctos S. Pllaha Transborder Wildlife Association, Rr. Pandeli Cale Nr. 26, Introduction Korçë, Albania : A. A. Karamanlidis A. Zedrosser Several species of terrestrial mammals are critically Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, endangered, and some will perish unless effective conser- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, vation measures are implemented soon (Ceballos and P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway Ehrlich 2002; Schipper et al. 2008). Large carnivores are A. Zedrosser often species of particular conservation concerns (Boitani Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, 2000; Breitenmoser et al. 2000; Swenson and Sandegren Institute of Wildlife Biology and Game Management, 2000). Despite costly recovery efforts, our general knowl- University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel Str. 33, edge over the status and biology of many large carnivores 1180 Vienna, Austria still remains incomplete (Karanth and Chellam 2009), and Eur J Wildl Res wildlife ecologists and conservation biologists are constant- study area of 630 km2 in the Prefecture of Grevena, in the ly in search of new methods to monitor and protect them central part of the Pindos Mountain Range in northwestern more efficiently (Long et al. 2008). Greece (Fig. 1). Major forest vegetation types consisted of Noninvasive genetic monitoring has emerged as a sensitive, oak (Quercus sp.) and black pine (Pinus nigra). The area reliable, and time- and cost-efficient tool to deal with the was characterized by a mosaic of dense forests, openings, inherent difficulties of studying rare, elusive, and often and small-scale agricultural cultivations. Elevations ranged endangered animals (Schwartz et al. 2006). Traps for collect- between 500 and 2,200 m, and human activity was intense ing hairs for subsequent genetic analysis have been success- at lower elevations. This pilot study area was located at fully used across a wide range of species and geographical the center of the species’ western nucleus of distribution in locations (Belant 2003;Longetal.2007; Castro-Arellano et Greece (Mertzanis 1994) and is the construction site of al. 2008). To increase the reliability of methods and results of two major highways (Karamanlidis and Mertzanis 2003; genetic studies, Waits and Paetkau (2005) recommended Karamanlidis and Georgiadis 2009). carrying out pilot studies prior to initiating a new study in order to determine the optimal study method. Study area in the southern Balkans for the large-scale The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is the most widespread testing of the method bear species in the world, with a Holarctic distribution in Europe, Asia, and North America (Servheen et al. 1999). In We tested the protocol on a wider geographical scale in Europe, human persecution and habitat loss have led to the areas of known and expected bear distribution within disappearance of the species from large parts of its original Greece, Albania, and FYROM (Mertzanis 1994; Zedrosser range (Zedrosser et al. 2001). Bear populations in the et al. 2001; Karamanlidis et al. 2007; Fig. 1). In addition to southern Balkans, i.e., in Albania, the Former Yugoslav resampling our pilot study area, we selected areas at the Republic of Macedonia (FYROM), and Greece, are prefectures of Florina and Trikala and at Mount Grammos, considered to be particularly endangered, not only because within the western nucleus of the distribution of the species of their small sizes but also due to the lack of systematic in the country (Mertzanis 1994; Fig. 1). The study area in and coordinated efforts to study and protect them Florina was located north of the pilot study area, was (Zedrosser et al. 2001). Considering the socioeconomic 1,017 km2 large, and was densely populated by humans. changes currently taking place throughout the region and Mount Grammos is a sparsely populated, high mountain their potential effects on habitat connectivity (Karamanlidis massif northwest of the pilot study area; the study site there and Mertzanis 2003; Karamanlidis and Georgiadis 2009), was 740 km2. The study site in Trikala was 708 km2 and was there is an urgent need for a method to rapidly and reliably separated from the pilot study area by an interstate road. obtain data on the status and distribution of the species. Study areas in Albania (496 km2)andFYROM Marking and rubbing behavior of brown bears on poles of (5,615 km2) were selected in the southern parts of both the electricity and telephone network (hereafter referred to as countries adjacent to the borders with Greece (i.e., the study power poles) was recorded in Greece in 2003, and a method areas in both countries constituted an extension of the study was developed to document the presence of the species in the areas at Mount Grammos and the prefecture of Florina, and country. As a result of the marking and rubbing behavior of the habitat was very similar), in order to collect information the species, bear hair was commonly found on power poles that could eventually be used in the transborder manage- (Karamanlidis et al. 2007). We have used the hair left from ment and protection of the species (Fig. 1). this behavior to study brown bears with a noninvasive genetic method. The specific aims of our study were to: Sampling procedures of the pilot study 1. Design a protocol for the systematic noninvasive genetic Power poles are made of wood (approximately 30–50 cm in study of brown bears using hairs found on power poles. diameter and 10 m high) and processed with a wood 2. Test the protocol on a large geographic scale in the preservative (i.e., coal tar creosote, a substance derived southern Balkans. from tars) to resist decay and insect damage. Depending on topography, poles are usually placed 50 to 100 m apart, and vegetation is cleared 5 m from each side of the power pole Materials and methods line. At the beginning of our pilot study, we inspected all 841 power poles present in the pilot study area and Pilot study area classified them according to the intensity of their use (i.e., how intensively they were used for marking or/and rubbing The protocol for our systematic noninvasive genetic study by bears) by applying the classification system developed of brown bears was developed and initially tested in a pilot by Karamanlidis (2008; Table 1). Power poles (N=39) Eur J Wildl Res Fig. 1 Map of the southern Balkans indicating the locations of the six study areas in Albania, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM), and Greece (Florina, Grammos, Grevena, Trikala), the power poles inspected, and the poles that were used as sampling stations for genetic sampling evenly distributed across the study area were selected for the number of existing guard hairs (sample category 0: no the creation of a noninvasive, genetic sampling network, guard hairs in the sample, I: one to five guard hairs in the and whenever possible we used poles with a high intensity sample, II: six to ten guard hairs in the sample, III: more of use. Each power pole/sampling station
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Institutional Political Developments from the Assembly of Durres to the Congress of Lushnja
    E-ISSN 2281-4612 Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Vol 5 No 2 ISSN 2281-3993 MCSER Publishing, Rome-Italy July 2016 Institutional Political Developments from the Assembly of Durres to the Congress of Lushnja Eldi Sherifi PhD candidate, Faculty of Law, University of Tirana Doi:10.5901/ajis.2016.v5n2p187 Abstract There are several historical studies on the Congress of Durrës and Congress of Lushnja, but in my opinion further studies should be conducted on the history of political institutions and their political organizing operators as well as their inhibitors. On July 29, 1913 the Great powers declared Albania a Hereditary and Sovereign Autonomous Principality. At the Peace Conference in 1919, Clemenceau and Lloyd defended the thesis of "inability of Albanians to Self Government" and offered the solution of sharing the governance responsibility between Yugoslavia and Italy to implement the Secret Treaty of London on 26 April 1915. The Congress of Durres was held after the conclusion of the First World War. It was led by Mehmet Konica and Myfit Libohova. Delegates elected the interim government and the delegation for representing Albania at the Peace Conference in Paris. The Congress of Lushnja came as an illuminating meteor in the dark and hopeless institutional environment. Its development destroyed the anti-Albanian political intrigues. After they toppled the government of Durres by voting against it, the congress delegates established all the powers of the state, according to the principles of Montesquieu. Through several transparent procedures they established "National Council", "Supreme Council" and the Cabinet. The evidence and acts sources of law served as the legal basis.
    [Show full text]
  • 21 Maj 2015 Revistë E Përmuajshme, Nr. 10, Viti II, Nëntor 2012
    Revistë e përmuajshme, Nr. 10, Viti II, Nëntorë 2012 “Kurrë një popull nuk mund të rritet më vete pa shkollë dhe pa mësim” Ismail Qemali Ministri Buja takon mësues dhe studentë shqiptarë në Suedi e Danimarkë Shpallja e pavarësisë së Shqipërisë 1912 100 librat e rrallë në BKUK 100 vjet shtet Editorial 100 vjet shtet Ministri Buja takon mësues dhe studentë Ministri Buja takon mësues dhe studentë shqiptarë në Suedi e Danimarkë.............................................3 28 Nëntori i vitit 1912 rikujton udhën Ministri Buja takoi ambasadorin britanik Cliff.........................4 shqiptarë në Suedi e Danimarkë tonë të vështirë të ndërtimit të lirisë, që Ministri Buja priti një delegacion nga ishte fryt i përpjekjeve titanike të Eksishehiri i Turqisë..............................................................4 Ministri i Arsimit, Shkencës dhe rilindësve tanë dhe gjithë kombit…Ky Përurohet objekti i ri i shkollës “Hoxhë Teknologjisë, z.Ramë Buja, ka njëqindvjetësh ishte epokë “me pushkë Kadri Prishtina”.....................................................................5 qëndruar në Suedi dhe dhe penë, për mëmëdhenë”. Është përuruar aneksi i Qendrës Burimore Danimarkë për një vizitë zyrtare “Lef Nosi“ në Prizren............................................................5 dy-ditore. Ministri Buja mori pjesë në manifestimin e UP Flakadani i pishtarit të 100-vjetorit të Gjatë kësaj vizite, ministri Buja për nder të 100 vjetorit të pavarësisë së Shqipërisë...................6 vizitoi shkollën shqipe në Suedi, shpalljes së pavarësisë së shtetit Tempus hap oferta të reja për arsimin e lartë...........................6 ku u takua me mësuesit e shqiptar, si shtet i lirë e sovran, po Zëvendësministri Baldž i priti Komisionerin e mësimit plotësues dhe me qëndron i ndezur. Logo të jubileut në Lartë Evropian për Pakica, Wollebaek....................................7 studentë shqiptarë që studiojnë ballinë kudo bashkë me flamurin Zëvendësministri Mustafa: Vlerësimi të shikohet në këtë shtet.
    [Show full text]
  • ISSUES on RELIGIOUS COEXISTENCE TOLERANCE in ALBANIA (1912-1945): BASED on the PRACTICE and CLERGY SERMONS ABSTRACT the Religiou
    European Journal of Research in Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 5, 2016 ISSN 2056-5429 ISSUES ON RELIGIOUS COEXISTENCE TOLERANCE IN ALBANIA (1912-1945): BASED ON THE PRACTICE AND CLERGY SERMONS Ahmed KALAJA Ph.D. candidate Europian University of Tirana Department of Sociology TIRANA ABSTRACT The religious tolerance is one of the rarest values of the tradition of the Albanian people. It is widely accepted that Albanian people are well known about these values, about an excellent coexistence among the believers of different religious communities that are in Albania, mainly Muslims and Christians. In this study we bring the essentials of this phenomenon, promotional roots of these values, while viewed from a previously untreated point of view, and in an attempt to answer the questions: Where does it stem from the religious coexistence in Albania? What are the main promoters of this phenomenon? What has been the attitude of the religious clergy in Albania? Have they been and are the imams and priests, the promotion of tolerance and religious coexistence in Albania? These are some of the questions answered in this modest study, focusing on how nice and with how much delicacy the lectures of the Clergy have addressed this issue to the faithful or to the world in general. Since they enjoyed undisputable reputation and influence in the majority of the population, in the most critical moments of national history, the leaders of Muslims believers, not only have promoted tolerance and religious coexistence, but they have considered the believers of other faiths as “brothers” preaching this conviction in front of their Muslim believers.
    [Show full text]
  • MITROPOLIA E KORÇËS Godina Crnogorske Drzavotornosti, Narodni Muzej Crne Core, Podgorica 2016, Page 135-145
    Andrea Llukani ka lindur në Tiranë, më 18 dhjetor 1966. Studimet e larta i ka përfunduar në Universitetin ANDREA LLUKANI Kombëtar “Kapodistria” të Athinës. Gjithashtu ka studiuar në Institutin “Gëte” dhe është specializuar në “Pravoslavna Akademia”, të Çekisë. Gjatë viteve 1998- 2002, ka qenë pedagog në lëndën e Historisë së Krishtërimit, ndërsa më 2001-2002 ka qenë drejtor i radios “Ngjallja”. Prej vitit 2003 deri më 2013 ka qenë Përgjegjës i Personelit të Kompanisë “Global Petroleum Albania”. Aktualisht është Përgjegjës i Sektorit të Menaxhimit të Koleksioneve në “Muzeun Historik Kombëtar”. Prej vitit 2002 është anëtar në International Federation of Jurnalists dhe më 2006 anëtar i Lidhjes së Shkrimtarëve të Shqipërisë. Andrea Llukani ka botuar 50 libra, disa prej tyre i ka përmbledhur në 12 vepra. Gjithashtu ka shkruar artikuj në revista shkencore brenda dhe jashtë vendit: LLUKANI ANDREA “Global Challenge”, “Diskutime”, “Studime ANDREA LLUKANI Muzeologjike”, “Dritëhije”, “Emanthia”, “Albanon”, “Pelegrin” etj. Andrea Llukani është anëtar i redaksisë së revistave shkencore “Studime Muzeologjike” dhe “Dritëhije”. Prej vitesh është kryeredaktor i gazetës dygjuhëshe shqip-italisht “Rrënjët”, “Le Radici”. Artikuj në revista shkencore 1-Llukani, Stamati, Konservimi i kapakut të ungjillit të kishës së Shën Mëhillit, Vithkuq, Studime Muzeologjike Nr. 9, Tiranë 2019, faqe 152-165. 2-Llukani, The monastery of Saint Naum and Irine Banushi, International Scientific Journal Diskutime No. 24-25, Novembre 1st, Tetovo 2019, page 140-147. 3-Llukani, Ikonografët fjonjatë, Pelegrin, nr. 31&32, Athinë 2019, faqe 263-266. 4-Llukani, Manastiri i Gjon Vladimirit qendër e rëndësishme për shkrimet shqipe, Albanon, nr. 1, janar- mars 2019. 5-Llukani, Ndihmesa e Theofan Popës përmuzeologjinë shqiptare, Dritëhije, nr.
    [Show full text]
  • [Dita E Pavarësisë: 28 Nëntor 1912]
    [DITA E PAVARËSISË: 28 NËNTOR 1912] 1 hqipëria u shpall e pavarur në Vlorë më 28 nëntor 1912 nga Ismail Qemali dhe nga burra të tjerë të besës. Në shpalljen e pavarësisë S morën pjesë 83 delegatë nga të gjitha trevat shqiptare. Menjëherë pas shpalljes së pavarësisë, Asambleja e Vlorës formoi qeverinë e parë të Shqipërisë së Pavarur të drejtuar nga Ismail Qemali si dhe Pleqësinë. Njohja ndërkombëtare e pavarësisë si dhe përcaktimi i kufinjve të Shqipërisë u bë pas një viti në Konferencën e ambasadorëve në Londër, vendim i së cilës qe shpallja e Pavarësisë shqiptare sovrane nga Perandoria Osmane nën mbikqyrjen e Komisionit Ndërkombëtar të Kontrollit dhe lënien e gjysmës së territoreve të shtetit të porsaformuar jashtë kufijve të tij administrativë. Kombi Shqiptar ishte i rrëzikuar edhe nga vendet fqinje, pasi mund të binim pre e një pushtimi nga këta të fundit. Shqiptarët ishin po aq të interesuar sa edhe popujt e tjerë të Ballkanit për t’u çliruar nga zgjedha osmane. Përfaqësuesit e tyre bënë përpjekje për t’u lidhur me fqinjët në luftën e përbashkët kundërosmane, por këto përpjekje dështuan për faj të krerëve të Aleancës Ballkanike, të cilët nuk dëshironin t’i kishin shqiptarët si palë me të drejta të barabarta në këtë aleancë, sepse ishin marrë vesh ndërmjet tyre për copëtimin e Shqipërisë. Brenda Shqipërisë nismën për një veprim politik, që do ta nxirrte vendin nga gjendja e vështirë dhe e ndërlikuar e krijuar nga Lufta Ballkanike, e mori “Shoqëria e Zezë për Shpëtim”, që ishte krijuar në Shkup. Përfaqësuesit e tyre Sali Gjuka, Nexhip Draga, Bedri Pejani, Mithat 2 Frashëri etj., organizuan në Shkup më 14 tetor 1912 një mbledhje, për të cilën ishte marrë qysh përpara edhe miratimi i Hasan Prishtinës e i Bajram Currit, që kishin shkuar në front për organizimin e mbrojtjes së tokave shqiptare.
    [Show full text]
  • Juliana HASEKIU-LLOSHI Prof
    REPUBLIKA E SHQIPËRISË UNIVERSITETI I ELBASANIT FAKULTETI I SHKENCAVE HUMANE DEPARTAMENTI I HISTORI - GJEOGRAFI TEMË DOKTORATURE FIGURA E DERVISH BEJ BIÇAKUT DHE KONTRIBUTI I TIJ NË HISTORINË E SHQIPËRISË DHE TË ELBASANIT Për Gradën Doktor i Shkencave në Albanologji Fusha: Histori Disertanti Udhëheqës shkencor Msc. Juliana HASEKIU-LLOSHI Prof. As. Dr. Majlinda PEZA-PERRIU Elbasan, Maj 2021 I DISERTACION PËR MBROJTJEN E GRADËS SHKENCORE “DOKTOR I SHKENCAVE” PËRGATITUR NGA JULIANA HASEKIU FIGURA E DERVISH BEJ BIÇAKUT DHE KONTRIBUTI I TIJ NË HISTORINË E SHQIPËRISË DHE TË ELBASANIT UDHËHEQËS SHKENCOR Prof.Asoc.dr. Majlinda PEZA-PERRIU Mbrohet më, përpara jurisë: 1. --------------------------------------- (Kryetar) 2. --------------------------------------- (anëtar) 3. ---------------------------------------- (anëtar) 4. --------------------------------------- (anëtar) 5. --------------------------------------- (anëtar) II FIGURA E DERVISH BEJ BIÇAKUT DHE KONTRIBUTI I TIJ NË HISTORINË E SHQIPËRISË DHE TË ELBASANIT DEKLARATË E VËRTETËSISË SË PUNIMIT DEKLAROJ NË PËRGJEGJËSINË TIME TË PLOTË SE KY PUNIM ËSHTË HARTUAR NGA UNË DHE PËR ÇDO IDE APO INFORMACION , I CILI NUK ËSHTË IMI, KAM RESPEKTUAR TË GJITHË RREGULLAT E CITIMIT DHE REFERIMIT. DEKLAROJ SE NË KËTË PUNIM NUK KA VËND PLAGJIATURA. JULIANA HASEKIU III IA KUSHTOJ PRINDËRVE TË MI DHE FAMILJES SIME IV FALENDERIME Në fillim të këtij punimi, dua të falenderoj profesorin tim të nderuar Prof.Dr. Liman Varoshi, i cili më ka mbështetur përgjatë kërkimeve të mia shkencore, mbi zbardhjen e figurës së Dervish Biçakut dhe që pa dyshim do të doja ta kisha sot në krah. Do të doja gjithashtu të shpreh falenderimet e mia të thella për të gjithë ata që më kanë qëndruar pranë dhe më kanë dhënë këshilla të vyera që nga fillimi i rrugëtimit të këtij punimi.
    [Show full text]
  • Issues on Religious Coexistence Tolerance in Albania (1912-1945)
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 5, ISSUE 06, JUNE 2016 ISSN 2277-8616 Issues On Religious Coexistence Tolerance In Albania (1912-1945) Ahmed Kalaja ABSTRACT: The religious tolerance is one of the rarest values of the tradition of the Albanian people. It is widely accepted that Albanian people are well known about these values, about an excellent coexistence among the believers of different religious communities that are in Albania, mainly Muslims and Christians. In this study we bring the essentials of this phenomenon, promotional roots of these values, while viewed from a previously untreated point of view, and in an attempt to answer the questions: Where does it stem from the religious coexistence in Albania? What are the main promoters of this phenomenon? What has been the attitude of the religious clergy in Albania? Have they been and are the imams and priests, the promotion of tolerance and religious coexistence in Albania? These are some of the questions answered in this modest study, focusing on how nice and with how much delicacy the lectures of the Clergy have addressed this issue to the faithful or to the world in general. Since they enjoyed undisputable reputation and influence in the majority of the population, in the most critical moments of national history, the leaders of Muslims believers, not only have promoted tolerance and religious coexistence, but they have considered the believers of other faiths as ―brothers‖ preaching this conviction in front of their Muslim believers. These preaching’s were firstly begun by VehbiDibra, who was the first Chairman of the Muslims and all clerics without exception to this day.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Metropolitan Iakovos in Albanian-Greek Relations (1919-1921)
    International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4, Issue 9, September 2014 1 ISSN 2250-3153 The role of Metropolitan Iakovos in Albanian-Greek relations (1919-1921) Ardit Bido * University of Tirana Abstract- This paper examines the role that Greek that every Orthodox Albanian was Greek, as being under the Metropolitan Iakovos played in Albanian-Greek relations from Ecumenical Patriarchate spiritual leadership, which since 1860s the end of World War I to the establishment of a national acted as a Greek foreign relations instrument. It unilaterally Autocephalous Orthodox Albanian Church in 1922. As a result annexed those territories in 1915. However, the national schism of the political and social structure that was in place during the between the pro-Entente Government of Eleutherios Venizelos Ottoman Empire, religion played a significant role in post- and pro-Central Powers King resulted in Korça‟s and Ottoman politics. This was amplified in countries like Albania, Gjirokastër‟s occupation by France and Italy respectively. The where no national religious institutions existed. At the end of rest of Albania was controlled by Austro-Hungary. Since Great World War I, Greece used its influence towards the Patriarchate Powers‟ chosen Prince Wied left the country in 1914, Albania of Constantinople to increase its opportunity to annex the terra had no national authorities. Later Bishop Theophan Noli had irredenta of Korçë and Gjirokastër, while Albania tried and established an Albanian Church in America, in an attempt to managed to nationalize religious communities that existed in its „nationalize‟ every church in Albania. The people of Korça, a territory.
    [Show full text]
  • Program, Abstracts and Information
    19th International Conference on Bear Research and Management May 16-22, 2010 Radisson SAS Iveria Hotel Tbilisi, Georgia Program, Abstracts and Information (Please Note: This is a digital version document and page numbers will differ from hard copies that will be distributed at the Conference in Tbilisi) 19th IBA Conference, Tbilisi, Georgia Table of Contents Conference Team and Sponsors.............................................................................................3 Conference Program ...............................................................................................................4 Side Events ........................................................................................................................... 10 Special Event/Training .......................................................................................................... 11 SESSION 1. CONSERVATION OF BROWN BEAR ............................................................. 12 SESSION 2. ENGAGING PEOPLE IN SUCCESSFUL BEAR CONSERVATION ................. 20 SESSION 3. HUMAN - BEAR INTERACTION/CONFLICTS ................................................ 25 SESSION 4. BEAR MANAGEMENT .................................................................................... 30 SESSION 5. BEAR GENETICS ........................................................................................... 39 SESSION 6. BEAR BEHAVIOR AND BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY ......................................... 44 SESSION 7. BEAR MOVEMENT AND HABITAT USE .......................................................
    [Show full text]
  • ATINER's Conference Paper Series POL2014-1212
    ATINER CONFERENCE PAPER SERIES No: PHI2014-1108 Athens Institute for Education and Research ATINER ATINER's Conference Paper Series POL2014-1212 The Orthodox Church in Albania and Greek-Albanian Relations 1919-1922 Ardit Bido Lecturer University of Tirana Albania 1 ATINER CONFERENCE PAPER SERIES No: POL2014-1212 An Introduction to ATINER's Conference Paper Series ATINER started to publish this conference papers series in 2012. It includes only the papers submitted for publication after they were presented at one of the conferences organized by our Institute every year. The papers published in the series have not been refereed and are published as they were submitted by the author. The series serves two purposes. First, we want to disseminate the information as fast as possible. Second, by doing so, the authors can receive comments useful to revise their papers before they are considered for publication in one of ATINER's books, following our standard procedures of a blind review. Dr. Gregory T. Papanikos President Athens Institute for Education and Research This paper should be cited as follows: Bido, A., (2014) "The Orthodox Church in Albania and Greek-Albanian Relations 1919-1922”, Athens: ATINER'S Conference Paper Series, No: POL2014-1212. Athens Institute for Education and Research 8 Valaoritou Street, Kolonaki, 10671 Athens, Greece Tel: + 30 210 3634210 Fax: + 30 210 3634209 Email: [email protected] URL: www.atiner.gr URL Conference Papers Series: www.atiner.gr/papers.htm Printed in Athens, Greece by the Athens Institute for Education and Research. All rights reserved. Reproduction is allowed for non-commercial purposes if the source is fully acknowledged.
    [Show full text]
  • THE ACCEPTANCE of ALBANIA INTO the NATIONS LEAGUE in DECEMBER 17Th, 1920
    European Scientific Journal August 2014 edition vol.10, No.23 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 THE ACCEPTANCE OF ALBANIA INTO THE NATIONS LEAGUE IN DECEMBER 17th, 1920 Lavdosh Ahmetaj, PhD University of Vlora, Albania Abstract The League of Nations came into existence after the end of the First World War. The task of the League of Nations was simply to ensure that war never arose again. However, after the turmoil which was caused by the Versailles Treaty, many have considered the League to bring stability to the world. America as a country embarked on the First World War in 1917, and the country as a whole and the president (Woodrow Wilson in particular) was horrified by the slaughter that had taken place in civilized part of the world. Thus, the only way to avoid the repetition of such disaster was to create an international body whose sole responsibility was to maintain world peace and resolve international disputes as and when they occurred. This is the task of the League of Nations of which Albania became a member. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present the help and the policy followed by the members of this League for the acceptance of Albania. Keywords: Nations, league, plan, circumstance Introduction: Though discussions in Paris had shown the dangers that could happen to Albania because of the stance of different states which had not reached final conclusions yet, the situation not only enabled the opportunity to defend the solution of the Albanian cause, but has also kept it at different levels of discussion in the international plan.
    [Show full text]
  • NGO Directory of South Eastern Europe
    NGO Directory of South Eastern Europe A Directory and Survey Findings of West Balkan Environmental Civil Society Organisations Fifth Edition NGO Directory of South Eastern Europe A Directory and Survey Findings of West Balkan Environmental Civil Society Organisations Fifth Edition Edited by RICHARD FILCAK and ROBERT ATKINSON Szentendre, Hungary DECEMBER 2006 About the REC The Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe (REC) is a non-partisan, non-advocacy, not-for-profit international organisation with a mission to assist in solving environmental problems in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The center fulfils this mission by promoting cooperation among non-governmental organisations, governments, businesses and other environmental stakeholders, and by supporting the free exchange of information and public participation in environmental decision making. The REC was established in 1990 by the United States, the European Commission and Hungary. Today, the REC is legally based on a charter signed by the governments of 28 countries and the European Commission, and on an international agreement with the government of Hungary. The REC has its head office in Szentendre, Hungary, and country offices and field offices in 17 beneficiary countries, which are: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia and Turkey. Recent donors are the European Commission and the governments of Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Croatia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States, as well as other inter-governmental and private institutions.
    [Show full text]