2 Study Area Profile
This chapter provides important information about Describing the various activities performed on the the military and civilian entities within the Fairchild military installation provides valuable insight into Joint Land Use Study (JLUS) study area. The the importance of Fairchild AFB as a national following sections present an overview of the history strategic asset. This information will enable and current operations at Fairchild Air Force stakeholders to make informed decisions about the Base (AFB). Additionally, they provide profiles and future development and economic growth of their analyses of development trends and growth communities, which ultimately impacts the continued potential in the jurisdictions within the Fairchild existence and future of Fairchild AFB. JLUS study area.
September 2009 Page 2-1
‐ in of to air
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this 92d The and
was was
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2009 Wing, Wing.
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spring Wing 92d Air
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ARW) operations ACC
at
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ARW) the
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participated transferred
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the AFB Guard Storm 92d KC
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and
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and National Air however, September (US) flying re of for the
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titled
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re that was transferr
hub
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and AFB.
141st AFB Combat equipment shington 92d
and Training
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dual bomber
ballistic
largest the the mobility
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control their Desert new ‐ 1960s. By ‐ 52s
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part
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both 336th
1965. (ACC) mid to
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(AETC).
Fairchild
year, Fairchild its
and
as
departure in refueling ‐ 1991 of base
after
and as the
to the of
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and
and the assumed
in
1990
Mobility
1971, ‐ 135s ‐ designated
Fairchild emphasizing the following Bombardment continues another moved 1994. With Fairchild’s refueling converted Shortly transferred supporting 1994, mission Asia Command re Air Comm creation KC Dubbed intercontinental Group removed In Today, AFB
of as to to its air Air
for ‐ 29 ‐ 36
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A November
July
repair of
B Marc host donation of
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then
entered its
begin
In
a
purchase were a Guard
transferred
in
on 1942,
un ory
first to as
and
m and
Pacific
1947,
War. played Fairchild. assigned government was
the advanced held
me
of
received Fairchild the groups
land
National S. in January
of transitioned wing's
and also served
presented the Pentagon
was AFB
most AFB. to development
th
Korean
base from the on
Depot.
the Muir AFB Department name
the base
General
summer of
the
(SAC) AFB
the bomber in year, Stratofortress the Air
roots citizens additional
War was the the for
‐ 52
Spokane its
Washington Fairchild
installati B ceremony duty two
in arrival
Army
current returning
1948,
the during General
same
Fairchild the arrived. Bo
land
on private the
The its 1946,
which
to
the
Command traces am ning purchase 1946,
names:
to of
Washington,
to
and with Gu to
AIRCHILD AIRCHILD Staff,
aircraft 1959, Air of took while
Spokane January AFB with
F
dedication Groups That of
and to acres 1942 Begin In
official
$125,000
installation’s
died new
base
million
a
sergeant Peacemaker From formal coincide Fairchild of Strategic damaged bomber. Prior Force. Stratotanker. than summer Superfortress, the businesses Bomb day. Bellingham, 1,400 facility. Chief $14 Japan The a three 2.1 History and JLUS 2-2 Fairchild Page 2. Study Area Profile
is capable of maintaining an air bridge across the nation and 92D AIR REFUELING WING the world in support of US and Allied Forces. The 92d Air Refueling Wing is composed of more than 3,200 active duty military Since 1994, the 92 ARW has been involved in virtually every personnel in four groups located at contingency mission around the world. Fairchild tankers have Fairchild AFB. The wing’s vision been force extenders during combat operations or statement is “Professional Expeditionary humanitarian relief missions, enabling US and Allied aircraft Airmen . . . Serving America; Teaming for to successfully complete their missions. In addition, 92 ARW Excellence,” and its mission is to KC‐135s have routinely supported special airlift missions in “support America’s War Fighter with Global Reach & Agile response to world events or international treaty compliance Combat Support.” (Source: http://public.fairchild.amc.af.mil/and Fairchild requirements. AFB FY07 Economic Impact Statement)
In October 2003, the 92 ARW was reassigned from Fifteenth 141ST AIR REFUELING WING (WASHINGTON AIR Air Force to Eighteenth Air Force, which was headquartered NATIONAL GUARD) at Scott AFB, Illinois. Today, the installation remains a The 141st Air Refueling Wing (ANG) is a strategic air facility for the US military providing a variety of component of the Military Department missions. The primary units at the installation, along with of the State of Washington. In its their respective missions, are described below. federal role, the 141 ARW provides worldwide air refueling to US and Allied Units at Fairchild AFB aircraft, counter‐drug surveillance and interdiction, and combat support across Fairchild AFB is home to a wide variety of units and missions. Most prominent is its air refueling mission performed by two the spectrum of conflict. In its state role, the wing mobilizes wings (the 92 ARW [active duty] and the 141 ARW [ANG]). under the authority of the governor of Washington to protect The 92 ARW is the host unit at Fairchild AFB, responsible for life and property during state emergencies and natural the management and operation of the installation. Other key disasters. The unit shares the aircraft assigned to the 92 units at the installation include the Air Force Survival, Evasion, ARW. (Source: http://public.fairchild.amc.af.mil/ and Lt Tristan Hinderliter, Resistance and Escape (SERE) School, a rescue flight, and the Deputy PAO, 92 ARW, 27 August 2008) Joint Personnel Recovery Agency.
September 2009 Page 2-3 Fairchild JLUS
336TH TRAINING GROUP landing, or half of a closed pattern) for these aircraft is as The 336th Training Group (TG) operates follows: the US Air Force Survival School, which KC‐135 ...... 184 provides Survival, Evasion, Resistance, UH‐1 ...... 11 and Escape training primarily to aircrew members. Source: Fairchild AFB AICUZ Study, October 2007 The operations for the KC‐135 include those conducted by Instruction concentrates on the both the 92 ARW and the 141 ARW. The AICUZ study does not principles, techniques, and skills necessary to survive in any provide a detailed breakdown of operations between the two environment and return with honor. Instructors assigned to wings. As part of the Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) the Survival School teach seven different courses to Commission’s recommendations, in 2007, the 141 ARW approximately 6,500 students annually. Five of the seven transferred its eight KC‐135 refuelers to the 185th Air courses are taught at Fairchild, with the other two courses Refueling Wing (ANG) in Sioux City, Iowa. The current AICUZ conducted at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida, and Eielson study data and assessment account for the KC‐135s assigned AFB, Alaska. (Source: http://public.fairchild.amc.af.mil/) to the 141 ARW prior to the 2007 transfer.
JOINT PERSONNEL RECOVERY AGENCY As a result of the realignment, a noise study was conducted The Joint Personnel Recovery Agency’s as a component of the JLUS planning process to assess Personnel Recovery Academy serves under current conditions and provide relevant implementation the Joint Forces Command. It provides strategies to today’s operational environment. Four future Code of Conduct/Survival, Evasion, mission scenarios were Resistance and Escape training and subject modeled, all of which matter expertise for the Department of included replacement of Defense (DOD), including all related training in the US the current KC‐135 tanker Government, enabling isolated persons to return with honor. aircraft with new tanker The Personnel Recovery Academy has a long history of aircraft that are based on support to the Personnel Recovery mission. civilian passenger aircraft. (Source: http://public.fairchild.amc.af.mil/) In all cases these aircraft are larger and more Fairchild AFB KC-135 Current Mission Operations modern than the KC‐135 they would be replacing. The results of these scenarios were Aircraft based at the installation include the KC‐135 and UH‐1. combined with the 20‐year forecast modeling results for According to the Fairchild AFB Air Installation Compatible Use Spokane International Airport (SIA) to provide an overall Zone (AICUZ) study released in October 2007, the average perspective on the effect of aircraft operations on the local number of daily operations (defined as one takeoff, one environs. This noise assessment addressed the maximum possible mission scenario and is discussed further in
Page 2-4 September 2009 2. Study Area Profile
Section 3. Additionally, the noise study assumed a third SIA with the majority of departures to the north, west of Airway runway oriented parallel to the Fairchild AFB runway because Heights. The aircraft use the Deer Park Airport, which takes it is closer to Fairchild; therefore, the noise potential in them out of SIA’s Class C airspace and eliminates conflicts conjunction with Fairchild AFB operations would be higher with commercial air traffic. From the Deer Park Airport, the 1‐ with this alternative. The new third SIA runway is discussed in 168 GSAB’s helicopters use Camp Seven Mile for low‐level and detail later in this section. other tactical training, both during daylight and at night. Camp Seven Mile Camp consists of approximately 321 acres of In addition to aircraft assigned to the installation, aircraft federally‐owned land in eastern Washington along the from other military installations, called transient aircraft, use Spokane River, approximately seven miles northwest of the the Fairchild AFB airfield for training and other operational City of Spokane. Upon completion of helicopter maintenance activities. There is an average of seven daily transient aircraft performed at Fairchild AFB, the 1‐168 GSAB uses airspace operations at Fairchild AFB. approximately 10 miles south of Fairchild AFB for a maintenance test flight area to ensure the aircraft are safe Fairchild AFB is also host to rotary wing aircraft operations and operating properly. This airspace is coordinated by the from the Army and Air Force. In addition to the Air Force unit directly with SIA and is conducted primarily during SIA’s helicopter flights from Fairchild AFB, the Washington Army non‐peak hours. (Source: LTC David Caporicci, 1‐168 GASB Commander, National Guard’s 1st Battalion, 168th Regiment General 24 March 2009). Support Aviation Battalion (1‐168 GSAB) is located at the far northeast end of the Fairchild flightline. The 1‐168 GSAB As part of the 336 TG, the 36th Rescue Flight (RQF) provides aircraft operates the UH‐1 Huey helicopter. The primary maintenance and training mission of the 36 RQF is to support the USAF Survival support for the School’s training program with vector training, hoist Washington Army instruction, and parachute demonstration. National Guard, is a first‐ responder to state emergencies, and also
performs its federal Washington Army National Guard 36 RQF UH-1 with a jungle penetrator mission to support the UH-60, 1-168 GSAB extraction device defense of the nation.
The 1‐168 GSAB has over 60 full and part‐time personnel serving as mechanics, instructor pilots, administrative staff, and duty pilots. The unit also has four UH‐60 Blackhawk helicopters that perform various missions including VIP transportation, tactical training, and fire fighting. The Army UH‐60s average approximately 30 flying hours each month
September 2009 Page 2-5
‐ is ‐ X to to by
are the will
this and and ‐ old role
than KC note next spall.
Once 2009
ed of
of cted runway runway lighting
project,
medium and
National this e ‐ year
the its
and slat phase
pavement
repair
50
space operations, Grumman’s the
The
Air exp as 2009). for aircraft, of
new missions
constructions
are is
air installation
airfield the equipment to will but
purpose less
et.
September and
However,
with design fe
runway
ed AFB personnel pilots, The
other
The ires
feet, vault
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future
Northrup AFB. deterioration
for
no ment 10 project upgrade referr 150 requ
13,899
Reserve
a
2009. associated consideration
and limited of procurement
to to phase. Fairchild
of funds
pave
135
lighting improvements ‐ runway 767. The is
of
July
a ign Fairchild with
‐ level load ‐ bearing
KC feet s tanker,
concerns
in
‐ year significant Under
and
to en effort,
loss de current length
aircraft. The
‐ of the installation, runway 200 The
versions shoulders,
lower has 2010,
runway project of
Boeing’s
the
ground.
that safety anticipated end
come
the
AFB in
from of since refueling
and to complete
current aircraft. controls,
undertak small
which planned
paved
the existing with
safety pose
tanker its be
quarter
of
part onto
has
all
new the Force’s
aerial at to on
approved,
the
(A330)
Fairchild
first planned lighting
currently As modifications.
is AFB
narrowed enhancement runway,
this Air narrowed
funding
units
than 330
is hazards in
military be pavement,
be
remain ensure
the
generation is load which will building shall systems, program. Other previous begin anticipated currently runway schedule. consolidation Guard existing To receive Fairchild are will pursue Airbus funding These personnel replacement
a
of on for the and loss into
2009; over
units from units
Field, Army
with
24, Johnson,
occupy Forces,
‐ square of support Combat net its
Centers.
available
designed
move specialties un
is (AFRC) Guard units also the
realignment March
Gerald portion
Currently to
maintenance, Reserve
Geiger into
242d the in Organizational 155,000
consist Estimated
will the
AFB, Reserve construction
in
Special
at center
Washington and Center
(Source:
Army
and legal, new
Reserve
are National
civilians. units
recommended
moved the construction expected
Fairchild the runway.
resulting under
The
accommodate ese Two
172 be are Armory personnel 256th
Reserve the th located
and to
northeastern
AFB 2009, and
also Flight,
Washington
,
SIA.
of impacted recruiting. will 280
personnel
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Shop.
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as
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ous
Washington
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August transportation,
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center. These
www.safie.hq.af.mil) will have acres
Fairchild elements otherwise Maintenance from National and the Chief, the 620 recruiting, personnel. Five comprised the 23 foot Fairchild of transportation, completion to BRAC
AFB at
military
BRAC
consolidated 2005
26
various
Fairchild The of new of Organizational closure/consolidation geographically The facilities Future Mission Operations Operations Future Mission Communications JLUS 2-6
Fairchild 330 variantsKC-X refueling of Airbus (bottom) and Boeing 767 (top) Page 2-7 Profile Page Area Study 2.
a of on for
this
and
Gate 2
base’s The in special
Rambo Rambo
located
VanAusdal,
point
is
south e,
the 902. Main
the commercial
for
TSgt
range maintains Gat
and Highway of
occasions. located
the entry
for
and
along
B
US of used Drive. base
Main
located also
Highway south of – point
special
is Gate.
the
primary
runway only launcher area. Appendix
for
to
also
installation
Mitchell State Road,
the
entry south
is gates
range the
is
southwest 2004, on
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of 2 The
the
storage visitors four
April
is . and
only Rambo
Road,
Gate
grenade located is and serves
has south
located Plan,
on ordnance and
is Area
Gate, adjacent 2
Highway 2008).
gate area
Gate
munitions
‐ 203
US Gate, General
Gate Road Graham M
This of the
AFB personnel
Main
Storage
installation Highway September of
storage boundary
26
south Rambo vehicles. The Rambo Thorpe/Rambo Graham along US occasions. Gate. base The Fairchild
Thorpe/Rambo
south
ARW/PA,
Gate, (Source: Gates . Munitions munitions southern installation’s 92 demolition/explosives area,
e is of
and
are the and AFB east
area bas
miles
family family
of
area
oriented centrally Group
the
by center
northeast miles
is installation three four
facilities to are AFB.
area. Fairchild
is the
the
two northeast
Design
in area has portion
cantonment to
The
and
areas the
2 anchored than
airfield
The the nearest
Fairchild cantonment
is Matrix
to
Spokane,
to of less 2.
located
These central located cantonment
of
and is
buildings. –
main
installation
Highway
(Source: are City
Heights main
located US supporting
north
features adjacent 1,260
The
The Highway
areas. is
airfield
to the the
communities
– .
Housing
and
which US south. and of the
southwest SIA base of
AFB
Airway end.
southwest.
to
Area to primary
in
the
to The
90. the
of
west acres
areas, adjacent
each
the on
Housing runway
to
at
Fairchild and cities administrative southwest
4,223 adjacent miles
The 2009
located
of northeast shows
Lake
northeast The 12 of Interstate
and housing Family Unaccompanied and located areas the
‐ 1
installation. .
Cantonment 2
of al
base. south
the dic
generally north Main Airfield installation generally www.globalsecurity.org) Located September of the Figure include Me oriented housing consists Installation Setting Installation sits Fairchild JLUS
Legend Fairchild AFB «¬2 Roadways -& -& Main Gate Housing & -& Secondary Gates - Buildings Airfield Surface Areas -& Base Boundary Housing Other JLUS Study Area Highways Parcels
Airfield -&
Munitions Storage Area
01,000 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 Feet Figure 2-1 ° Fairchild AFB Installation Overview Fig 02-01 Fairchild AFB 2009 04 22 RRR
Page 2-8 September 2009 2-9 Profile Page Area Study 2.
Global 768 468
5,179 3,723 FY07
10,138 the Total
AFB and
16
117 125 145 226 307 300 1,051 1,770 2,672 3,409 Bank
Fairchild
Subtotal Forces
Armed
Statement
(1) Guard Guard
the
Breakdown, of
Private Base
Military Civilians Economic
Fund, and
On
(GS) Personnel
FY07
employees Fund Fund
Board
POPULATION
AFB Population
Variable Dependents
Union.
Civilians, Reserve/National Reserve/National Civilians
Security
Dependents
1. Schedule Wage (NSPS) Businesses Includes BASE NAF AAFES ‐
Duty Duty
2 Fairchild Credit
(1) Force Force
Appropriated Active Air Military Active Air Dependents Appropriated National System General Federal Non ‐ appropriated Contract Business Civilian Civilian Contract Private TOTAL Table Note: Federal Source:
a
at of of or
and
for for
are the the this and
Asset with
local
total
using times direct
in
at a February for service
Military total
ho in Fairchild
2008 receive 28
a units
the apply
medical wait Capital
housing
are
for
to
of above of
times stock
to
All
dated
‐ base dependents) requirement reported
days
family on
a wait housing need and ‐ 2). These
Hammer, 16,982 Requirements September personnel, 2
34
excess Housing
dishwasher. 1 duty
has of
‐ supported eligible
E ‐ of 26 the comprised base.
Mary
find
breakdown
base
Table these and
which
desiring AFB average have a are
of
the On ‐ to
Housing to
s. installation
of areas military
at properly
the
(see Priority (Source: Line: CES/CEH, they
riod
the minimum
for 92 illustrates
plus pe grade a
Fairchild
recent
units
provides
Direct addition
personnel
shows
units families members
‐ 1 housing refrigerator, retirees,
2
‐ 3
and
wait made
Chief, In pay (FY07),
these
2
meaning reasons. most
to
be four 2007, housing.
their
housing (HRMA), area.
family
stove,
the
2007 the 27,220
Table 31, Table housing of
has had
during
figures. Commander’s may
units,
Element (employment
in and to 2009 local
with
hardship family
significant Year AFB AFB unit.
Analysis
types
people. family (Source: August www.fairchild.af.mil/news/)
services be
at housing
of mbers Fiscal
financial Management In Fairchild As September assignments equipped members 2008 military http://apps.mhf.dod.mil) According Market population 10,138 1,055 accompanying Fairchild communities 641 time. employment housing immediate AFB me various Base Demographics Family Housing can Fairchild JLUS
Table 2‐2. On‐Base Military Family Housing Table 2‐3. Military Housing Wait Times Bedroom Housing Number of Wait Time Total Classification Bedrooms (Days) 2 3 4 Housing Type Units Senior/Field Grade N/A 70 Officer NCO Capehart 158 Company Grade 4 80 Enlisted 62 96 0 Officer
Galena Station 465 Company Grade 3 54 Officer Enlisted 278 170 17 Company Grade Officer Capehart 92 2 34 Officer Company Grade 8 27 Senior NCO 4 82 Officer Senior NCO 3 158 Enlisted 4 8 Junior Enlisted 4 54 Senior NCO 45 Junior Enlisted 3 67 Ft Wright Village 340 Junior Enlisted 3 67 Company Grade 40 21 9 Officer Junior Enlisted 2 38 Field Grade Officer 1 37 Source: http://apps.mhf.dod.mil dated 12 February 2008.
Senior Officer 10 Table 2‐4 provides a breakdown of those living on‐base and Enlisted 60 28 104 off‐base. About 30 percent of the military personnel stationed at Fairchild AFB and their dependents reside on Senior NCO 20 10 base, and according to the Fairchild Capital Asset Management Element Chief, the remaining personnel and TOTAL 1,055 452 416 187 families live primarily in the cities of Spokane, Airway Heights, Source: Mary Hammer, Capital Asset Management Element Chief, Medical Lake, and Spokane Valley in Spokane County and in 92 CES/CEH,18 April 2008. Reardan and Davenport in Lincoln County.
Page 2-10 September 2009 2. Study Area Profile
Table 2‐4. Military Housing Status installation. The project term is 50 years, which includes Living On‐ Living Off‐ estimated project costs in excess of $400 million and Military Housing Base Base Total cumulatively encompassing an estimated 2,435 end‐state housing units (641 units at Fairchild). GMH Communities Active Duty 808 1,864 2,672 Trust has since sold its Military Housing Division to Balfour Air Force Reserve / Beatty. 9 1,042 1,051 Air National Guard The entire inventory of Fairchild AFB family housing units was Active Duty 1,842 1,567 3,409 conveyed to Balfour Beatty on July 21, 2008. Within the initial Dependents period of seven years, Balfour Beatty will overhaul the Air Force Reserve / existing housing stock by demolishing 282 inadequate units, Air National Guard 9 1,761 1,770 renovating 500 units, and constructing 57 new units. Dependents Source: Mary Hammer, Capital Asset Management Element Chief, 92 CES/CEH, 26 TOTAL 2,668 6,234 8,902 September 2008; www.gmhmilitaryhousing.com; and Ronald Horlacher, Base Community Planner, 92 CES/CECE, Fairchild AFB, 18 April 2008. Source: Fairchild AFB FY07 Economic Impact Statement
Family Housing Privatization Dormitories The Military Housing Privatization Initiative allows the There are currently 10 dormitories totaling 532 rooms on Department of Defense and the Department of the Air Force Fairchild AFB, all of which are designated for enlisted to work with the private sector to upgrade the quality of personnel. Six of the dormitories have 50 rooms each. These family housing and to operate and maintain that housing. units are configured with two bedrooms and a shared The family housing assets are typically leveraged with private kitchenette and bathroom. The remaining four dormitories investment to accomplish housing construction and have 58 rooms each with suites having two individual renovation goals faster and at a lower cost than military bedrooms and a shared bathroom but no kitchenette. At this construction. time, six of the 10 dormitory buildings (300 rooms) are planned for demolition; however, replacement dormitories Fairchild AFB has been selected by the Department of the Air will be constructed based on need and available funding. The Force for privatization of its family housing under the Air current average occupancy rate for the dormitories is Mobility Command West Privatization Project. The project 72.9 percent. includes two other bases – Travis AFB, California, and Source: Ronald Horlacher, Base Community Planner, 92 CES/CECE, Fairchild AFB, Tinker AFB, Oklahoma. On October 31, 2007, GMH 18 April 2008 and Sgt Lewis, 92 CES/CECD, Fairchild AFB, 23 April 2008. Communities Trust was selected as the highest ranked offeror for the development, management, construction, and renovation of high‐quality homes and other ancillary facilities and amenities to meet the community housing needs of each
September 2009 Page 2-11
2009
September Impact, Valueof Jobs Created million) ($65
$215 million $215 million
FY07 Economic
illion) AFB
Annual Expenditures m ($140 $65 million $65 million
$140 million Fairchild Total
2. 2 ‐
Payroll million) ($215 Figure
in at is, of as on
for
the the
two
total n value FY07,
range major nearly
and in annual
a
such
on the payment ‐ 2
value
of
2 show The
created. other this For
of
are e was
payroll.
estimated
installation ar the
include jobs region. That
the increase
on Figure
of the
the was on
installation, this categories
of
in
While AFB Fairchild expenses, breakdown million value installation.
by
the the
this –
expenditures
of employees. shown
the in
at
$215 the
impact
Expenditures expenditures expenditures
is
impacts expenditures, –
direct
at and
construction.
ry on over FY07, Statement
Payroll
on
Created
generated and impact – civilian million. The
under
measured
For economic
spent
catego reflect
details is
Impact secondary $421 spent Jobs jobs employment
purchases and
by
AFB total
Payroll Expenditures
payroll of
expenditures, over
the region economic million direct million.
Further direct
impact just
Economic of represents categories component Annual Annual Value $40 given for military Fairchild additional economy. $65 annual ‐ 3.
‐ 5. 2
2 total
was
summed,
Figure surrounding Fairchild The FY07 Table payroll, economic Installation Economic Impact All JLUS 2-12 Fairchild Page 2. Study Area Profile
Table 2‐5. Economic Impact Details, Fairchild AFB FY07 Inland Northwest Military Economic Impact Variable Value Additional analysis was conducted focusing on the economic impacts of active military, reserve, and National Guard units, Annual Payroll $215,639,434 including Fairchild AFB, in Spokane County. Using FY08 data, Military $176,672,452 this analysis determined the overall economic impact of military activities within the region to be $697 million. Of this Appropriated Fund Civilian $30,001,973 amount, direct expenditures (payroll, operations, Non‐Appropriated Civilian procurement, and construction) accounted for approximately $8,965,008 and Private Business 50 percent of the total. As the largest military facility, Fairchild AFB accounted for $675 million or 97 percent of the Annual Expenditures (1) $140,436,016 total. This Fairchild AFB figure is nearly 38 percent greater Annual Dollar Value of Jobs Created than the economic impact calculated by Fairchild AFB in their $65,203,226 (Estimated) FY07 Economic Impact Statement. This can be attributed, in part, to this study’s inclusion of secondary economic impacts, Indirect Jobs Created (Estimated) 1,942 which Fairchild does not factor into its calculations. Average Annual Pay $33,567 In addition to military operations, military retirees also TOTAL $421,278,676 provide a substantial economic benefit to the region. In 2008, $378 million was distributed to nearly 20,000 veterans in the greater Spokane metropolitan area. Using a conservative multiplier, the study estimated a secondary military
Commissary, impact of $208 million, for a total Health, $72 military retirement impact of Education, TDY $587 million.
$28 Contracts/ It is clear that Fairchild AFB makes Procurement an important annual contribution to $40 economic growth in Spokane Construction County. This contribution serves to channel non‐local spending into the $0 $10 $20 $30 $40 $50 $60 $70 $80 production of goods, services, and Expenditures ($M) income for the region. Fairchild AFB
Figure 2‐3. Breakdown of Expenditures, Fairchild AFB FY07 and other regional military assets represent a stable, consistent source of annual economic
September 2009 Page 2-13 Fairchild JLUS
stimulus. This spending originating from outside the region, Lincoln and Stevens counties on the west, Whitman County acts to offset impacts associated with regional and domestic on the south, Pend Oreielle County on the north, and the business cycles. State of Idaho (Benewah, Kootenai, and Bonner counties) to the east. Source: Inland Northwest Military Economic Impact, Randy Barcus, January 19, 2009. The Spokane area has made significant progress diversifying from an agrarian‐based economy to one focused on industry 2.2 S TUDY A REA P ROFILE and services. Although there has been a recent decline in several industrial sectors (most notably mining and aluminum), employment has been added in other sectors. Study Area Overview Fairchild AFB remains the second largest employer in the The Fairchild JLUS study area is irregularly shaped and is area. elongated from northeast to southwest. The study area’s southwestern, northern, and northeastern boundaries mirror The county’s primary north‐south transportation corridors the 1995 Fairchild AFB AICUZ 65 dB Ldn contour, which include US Highways 2 and 395 to the north and US includes the City of Airway Heights. The southern and Highway 195 to the south of the city. Interstate 90 provides eastern boundaries extend to include the City of Medical Lake the county’s main east‐west transportation corridor with US and a majority of SIA. Although not located within the study Highway 2 connecting the City of Spokane to areas to the area boundary, the City of Spokane is an important influence west. to land use planning within the region and the JLUS planning process. As such, information for the City of Spokane is The City of Spokane analyzed throughout the document. Figure 1‐2 in Section 1 Prior to 1800, Spokane was a Native American encampment identifies the study area boundaries and local jurisdictions. located near the falls of the Spokane River. The city was incorporated as “Spokane Falls” in 1881; ten years later, Spokane County “Spokane” became the official city name when “Falls” was Situated east of the Cascade Range on the western slope of dropped. The city limits at that time encompassed a total of the Coeur d’Alene Mountains, Spokane County encompasses 20 square miles. Spokane grew rapidly in its early years, from 1,764 square miles (approximately 2.7 percent of the total a mere 350 people in 1880 to over 100,000 in 1910; however, land area within the state). Spokane County is one the oldest the city’s growth slowed and even declined between 1960 counties in the state, incorporated in 1861 only six years after and 1990. the creation of the Washington Territory. The county’s The City of Spokane is located in the center of Spokane northeastern portion has mountainous areas, and most of the County less than 10 miles from Fairchild AFB. The city northern section has strongly rolling to hilly areas. Rolling measures approximately 58 square miles and is considered prairie is found in county’s southeastern section and part of the heart of the Inland Northwest. It serves as the shopping, the southwestern section. Spokane County is bordered by entertainment, and medical hub for an area that includes
Page 2-14 September 2009 2. Study Area Profile
Eastern Washington, Eastern Oregon, North Idaho, Western approximately 10 miles west of the City of Spokane and Montana, and southern portions of Alberta and British consists of a main facility that houses medium‐ and long‐term Columbia, Canada. The Spokane River runs through the city’s minimum‐custody offenders. A separate perimeter adjacent downtown and culminates in waterfalls on the western end to the main facility accommodates a minimum‐security unit of the city core. for offenders with minimum‐custody or lower.
Spokane County’s primary transportation corridors flow The city is bisected by US Highway 2 and is located just north through the city. It is bisected by Interstate 90, which runs of Interstate 90. Both highways are major east‐west freight east‐west and by US Highway 2 north of the interstate. corridors with Interstate 90 linking to US Highway 395, a designated international trade route linking the US to Canada City of Airway Heights and Mexico. The City of Airway Heights is still a young and evolving In addition to traversing the city, US Highway 2 has an community. The city’s history is traced to 1946, when, as extensive right‐of‐way, which further divides the city into its World War II was coming to an end, three subdivisions were “South” and “North” districts. The city is also heavily filed: Airway Heights Addition, Airway Heights First Addition, influenced by the Fairchild AFB AICUZ, with noise contours and Airway Heights Second Addition. In 1953, plans were and Accident Potential Zones extending into much of the announced to incorporate one square mile of the West Plains city’s southern half. The South district is comprised primarily into the City of Airway Heights. At the time, this area had of industrial and commercial activities with scattered approximately 400 residents and a service station, café, residential development while the North district consists of furniture store, barber shop, lumber yard, post office, and mostly residential and commercial uses. school. On April 15, 1955, the city was incorporated by a 50 to 8 vote. Today, the city encompasses an area just under (Sources: Airway Heights 2006 Comprehensive Plan; http://www.cawh.org/; www.city‐data.com; www.doc.wa.gov/facilities/airwayheights.asp; and Matrix five square miles. Design Group)
One of the city’s most important features is its proximity to The majority of residential development in Airway Heights is Spokane and its inclusion in the Spokane Metropolitan in the form of single family residential development located in Statistical Area (MSA). It is centrally located between the northwest sector of the city, north of 12th Avenue and Fairchild AFB to the west, and SIA to the southeast. Both west of Russell Street. There has been only a handful of multi‐ facilities have an influence on the economic climate of Airway family and apartment developments (four or five buildings) in Heights and also play a major part in the overall community the area. There is also new development occurring west of population. Airway Heights is approximately seven miles the city in the West Plains area. Commercial development west of the City of Spokane. tends to occur primarily along the US Highway 2 corridor; A significant element of the city is the Airway Heights however, most of the commercial business involves using Corrections Center (AHCC), which was opened in 1992 by the vacant existing space instead of new construction. Washington State Department of Corrections. It is located
September 2009 Page 2-15
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Figure 2‐4. Annual proximity to Fairchild AFB and SIA, and affordable Table 2‐6. Annual Population Growth Rates Population Growth land prices. Change Spokane County = Washington Prior to 1990, significant conflicts between civilian 1980 – 1990 – 2000 – and military land and airspace were rare as a result of 1990 2000 2008 the installation’s isolation and very limited 1.5% 1.2% 1.2% development occurring near the base. Washington 0.7% 2.9% 1.4% 0.6%
Spokane County 0.6% 1.5% 1.2% 1980- 1990- 2000- 2008- 1990 2000 2008 2025 Population Growth Trends Spokane 0.3% 1.0% 0.5% Growing from a population of 221,551 in 1950 to approximately 459,000 in 2008, Spokane County’s steady Airway Heights 1.3% 8.6% 1.9% Spokane population growth is a result of the region’s diverse industrial = Spokane Medical Lake 0.2% 0.4% 2.9% County and commercial economic base. This trend is projected to continue into the future as the region’s economic base Sources: Washington Office of Financial Management; US Census Bureau; and Matrix Design Group, 2008. 1.3% continues to expand and diversify. Figure 2‐4 and Table 2‐6 1.0% 0.3% 0.5% present historical growth rates and future projections for the Historically, the West Plains has always been slow to develop study area. 1980- 1990- 2000- 2008- due to the area’s poor suitability for agriculture and lack of 1990 2000 2008 2025 surface water. Areas such as Spokane Valley and the Palouse As shown in Figure 2‐4 and Table 2‐6, annual growth rates in (south of Spokane) were historically much more conducive to Airway Heights the state and most of the study area peaked in the 1990s, and = Spokane development activities. However, with the development of 8.6% declined during the first eight years of this decade. Growth County Fairchild AFB, communities such as Airway Heights and projections for Spokane County are expected to follow Medical Lake began to prosper. 3.4% current trends, while rates are projected to increase for the 1.9% cities of Spokane and Airway Heights and decrease for 1.3% Medical Lake. Annual growth rates in Airway Heights and Housing Quantity Trends Medical Lake are above state and county levels during this Growth of new housing units in the study area mirrors the 1980- 1990- 2000- 2008- 1990 2000 2008 2025 decade. In looking at growth potential, the smaller general trends of population growth (see Table 2‐7 and population sizes of these jurisdictions make their growth Figure 2‐5). Both Spokane County and the City of Spokane Medical Lake = Spokane percentages more reactive to population increases. For witnessed recent increases in the number of housing units, County example, annual growth rates can be substantially influenced but these rates have been declining over the past two years. by the development of a few large subdivisions. Although Airway Heights posted the most varied increases of the 2.9% this explains some of the growth witnessed during the recent jurisdictions included in the Fairchild JLUS. Rates ranged decade, there are growing development pressures in these from negative growth to increases of approximately 9 0.4% 0.7% communities due to lower land costs, the availability of percent, with the most significant and consistent growth 0.2% 1980- 1990- 2000- 2008- infrastructure, and the growing availability of support occurring between 2005 and 2008. Housing growth in Airway 1990 2000 2008 2025 services in these areas. Heights peaked in 2007, one year after the other jurisdictions.
September 2009 Page 2-17 Fairchild JLUS
Like Airway Heights, Medical Lake’s housing growth rates Of those, nearly 67 percent were single family units, with the have increased in recent years from approximately three remainder being multi‐family units. The number of percent in 2000 to over six percent in 2006. completed single family and multi‐family unit projects fluctuates, sometimes drastically, from year to year. Single Table 2‐7. Total Housing Units family project completions jumped from 68 in 2004 to a five‐ Total Housing Units Change year high of 195 in 2005 (an increase of almost 187 percent). Completion of multi‐family units saw its greatest increase
2000 2008 # % (3,700 percent) between 2006 and 2007, with only 7 units completed in 2006 and 266 units completed in 2007. Washington 2,451,081 2,805,340 354,259 14.5
Spokane Commercial and industrial square footage completions 175,005 196,219 21,214 12.1% County between 2003 and 2008 resulted in the construction of just over 920,000 square feet of buildings. Of that figure, Spokane 87,941 93,753 5,812 6.6% commercial facilities comprised almost 76 percent (just over Airway 696,000 square feet). The greatest commercial project 1,095 1,468 373 34.1% Heights completion year‐to‐year increase occurred between 2006 and 2007. In that period, completions rose from nearly Medical 1,197 1,640 443 29.8% Lake 38,500 square feet to over 250,500 square feet (an increase of 552 percent). For industrial projects, the largest yearly Source: Washington State Office of Financial Management (www.ofm.wa.gov) increase was between 2004 and 2005, where square feet completed rose from only 6,000 square feet to nearly These housing quantity figures are important since an influx 94,500 square feet. This represents a 1,474 percent increase of new housing in close proximity to Fairchild AFB could in that period. As of March 3, 2009, completion of single result in compatibility issues between residents and the family units is outpacing multi‐family units by a 12 to 4 ratio, installation’s mission. The table below depicts the housing while industrial space completions are topping commercial quantity data for all jurisdictions evaluated within this JLUS. space completions by a ratio of 2,160 square feet to none. According to Spokane County building permit data from 2003 (Source: Jim Falk, Spokane County, Department of Building and Planning, to 2008, there were a total of 1,009 family units completed. March 5, 2009)
Page 2-18 September 2009 2-19 Profile Page Area Study 2.
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Jurisdiction 2000 2005 Change Change $227,700 $168,300 $162,315
Washington $168,300 $227,700 $59,400 35.3% $113,200 2000 Spokane 2005 $113,200 $162,315 $49,115 43.4% County Washington Spokane County Spokane $97,000 $127,500 $30,500 31.4%
Airway $93,900 $121,900 $28,000 29.8% Heights $162,315 $127,500 $113,200 Medical $97,000 $106,900 $138,800 $31,900 29.8% 2000 Lake 2005 Source: http://quickfacts.census.gov and www.city‐data.com Spokane County Spokane $162,315 $121,900 $113,200 $93,900 2000 2005
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Figure 2‐6. Median Housing Values
Page 2-20 September 2009 2-21 Profile Page Area Study 2.
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The 250 acres of Trust property combined with 50 acres of Spokane Tribe of Indians fee status property in the same area is expected to be The Spokane Tribe of Indians is a sovereign government body developed at medium density. To achieve this, the Kalispel led by the Spokane Tribal Business Council. Tribal Tribe has begun to install infrastructure to serve the property, Headquarters is located in Wellpinit, Washington, which is such as a surface water disposal system that will handle approximately 50 miles northwest of Spokane, Washington runoff from impervious surfaces by utilizing a paleo channel on the Spokane Indian Reservation. for drainage. The Tribe’s main effort is to establish a back‐ bone road system to serve the property. Currently the Tribe In Spokane County, the tribe controls 145 acres just west of is investigating establishing a convenience store as their first Airway Heights at the northwest corner of US Highway 2 and business on the site. South Craig Road. According to an article in the Spokesman‐ Review newspaper (February 6, 2009), the Spokane Tribe is The Northern Quest Casino, operated by the Kalispel Tribe, is proposing to develop a commercial complex that could located in the City of Airway Heights, approximately one mile include a hotel, casino and shopping center anchored by a big north of US Highway 2, next to the Spokane Raceway Park. box retailer. The project will likely be developed in three This casino currently employs approximately 1,500, and has phases. The first phase will include gasoline station and annual sales of between $5 million and $10 million. convenience store. Additional project details had not been provided by the Spokane Tribe at the time of this report. The Kalispel Tribe is expanding the current casino to include a 250‐room hotel, parking garage, and a 10,000‐square foot spa. Additional phases may occur as‐needed in the future Transportation Infrastructure which include a 2,300‐seat special events venue and a 50,000‐ The Spokane Regional Transportation Council (SRTC) is the square foot nine‐story glass atrium that connects two hotel federally designated Metropolitan Planning towers. By its anticipated opening in early 2010, the total Organization (MPO) for project will encompass 660,000 square feet and expected to the Spokane Metropolitan create up to 500 construction jobs and employ an additional area. As a local 300 people, bringing the total number of employees to 1,800. intergovernmental agency, (Sources: http://start.cortera.com; Jennifer Simmons, Community Relations SRTC maintains the Transportation Improvement Plan (TIP), a Coordinator, Northern Quest, 11 February 2009) three‐year list of state and federally funded transportation projects, as well as the Metropolitan Transportation A Transportation Impact Study will be completed soon and Plan (MTP), a 20‐year document mapping the future of will provide information on traffic, access, and routes. Other transportation in Spokane County. studies and plans are expected to be conducted and developed but outside of the JLUS report planning window. The Metropolitan Transportation Plan (MTP) documents the inter‐modal approach taken to develop Spokane's regional transportation system and meet the mobility needs of people, freight, and goods between the present and the year
September 2009 Page 2-23 Fairchild JLUS
2030. The MTP was last updated in 2007, but revised in 2008 Roadways to reflect minor suggestions and recommendations made by The majority of the Spokane County road improvements are area transportation agencies throughout the year. taking place in parts of the county that do not fall within the Fairchild JLUS study area. The sole road improvement According to the MTP, the Spokane area’s transportation currently proposed in the West Plains area by the Spokane system is starting to feel the strain of population growth in County Department of Public Works Engineering Division is a the area. Motorists are making almost 35,000 additional trips project to enhance road access to the Jolt Industrial Park on area roads today compared with traffic volumes reported located at the Medical Lake Road and I‐90 interchange. in 2003. With the population expected to grow by over 130,000 people by 2030, the local transportation network will Based in Spokane, the Washington State Department of need to efficiently and effectively absorb the additional traffic Transportation (WSDOT) Eastern Region (ER) is responsible volume without resulting in additional congestion and traffic for building and maintaining the state‐owned highway system accidents. Public awareness campaigns have shown to be within the study area. Future projects impacting the area effective in reducing the number of fatal collisions in recent include the development of the Route Development years and programs such as Commute Trip Reduction (CTR) Plan (RDP) for a 16‐mile stretch along US Highway 2 from the are gaining participants who find alternate ways to commute, Lincoln County line to I‐90. reducing congestion. Local agencies are looking to the future and attempting to be proactive through measures such as RDPs are planning studies on state highway facilities that bike boulevards, increased number of park and ride lots, and identify deficiencies and recommend solutions to eventually, possible alternative transportation methods such accommodate future transportation needs. These studies as light rail. include analysis of operating conditions, environmental issues, population and land use changes, customer needs, as In addition to impacts of increased vehicle traffic on well as right‐of‐way and other issues affecting the future of a roadways, the MTP notes that the next 23 years will also start state highway and its neighbors. RDPs serve as a tool for a new era for bridges. As critical mobility links between discussion, utilized to facilitate integration of the needs of communities, many of the region’s bridges are either at or WSDOT with the needs of cities, counties, the traveling nearing the end of their functional or physical design life. The public, and other stakeholders in the development of need to close or place severe weight restrictions on bridges transportation solutions. could have a significant impact on commerce and travel patterns within the region by redistributing trips to areas The US 2 RDP seeks to create a community consensus on the unprepared for the increase in both traffic and trucks. most challenging problems and the best solutions for the development of US Highway 2 both now and over the next 20 years. WSDOT initiated this project in January 2007 beginning with the formation of the US Highway 2 RDP Steering Committee and the first Advisory Group meeting. Three Listening Posts were held in the first week of May 2007 with
Page 2-24 September 2009 2-25 Profile Page Area Study 2.
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Page 2-26 September 2009 2. Study Area Profile
Spokane International Airport Fairchild AFB is equipped with a Category I ILS system, and SIA is designated as a small hub airport in the NPIAS and depending on the severity of weather, the installation’s provides air passenger service from national carriers such as aircraft are periodically diverted to SIA because of its more United, Delta, and Alaska Airlines. Regional commuter capable ILS system. According to SIA, Fairchild’s aircraft use service, with regular schedules to almost 30 cities throughout SIA for approximately 18 operations per year. (Source: Ryan the northwest, provides linkages to communities Sheehan, Air Operations Manager, Spokane International Airport, economically tied to the Inland Northwest. International March 25, 2009; and www.wikipedia.org) flights are available to British Columbia and Alberta, Canada. While SIA also has fixed base operations serving private and The airport shares controlled airspace with Fairchild AFB and business aircraft needs, its primary role is air passenger and Felts Field, a general aviation reliever airport. According to air cargo transportation. the airport’s master plan which reviewed airspace procedures, there are no airspace conflicts among these According to SIA records, the airport supported facilities; however, the close proximity of Fairchild AFB, 101,614 aircraft operations, serviced 3,472,901 passengers, combined with the fact that the runway orientation is not and handled 54,798 tons of freight in 2008. An aircraft parallel with that at SIA, requires Air Traffic Control Tower operation is defined as either a landing or a take‐off and (ATCT) personnel to follow close coordination procedures. includes passenger and cargo carriers, general aviation, This alignment issue also results in a reduction of effective charter flights and military aircraft. (Source: Ryan Sheehan, Air capacity at both facilities. The runway Operations Manager, Spokane International Airport, March 25, 2009; and alignment study www.spokaneairports.net) A runway alignment study is currently underway to confirm a was recently final alignment for a future third runway at Spokane accepted by the The airport has one main 9,000‐foot runway (Runway 3/21) International Airport located west of the current runway and SIA Board and and one secondary 8,199‐foot runway (Runway 7/25). SIA is terminal. Two proposed orientations for the new runway are released for equipped with a Category I Instrument Landing System (ILS). being reviewed. Option A (Runway 3/21) runs parallel to SIA’s public review. The Instrument Landing System (ILS) is a ground‐based main runway, and Option B (Runway 5/23) is oriented parallel The study is instrument approach system that provides precision guidance to Fairchild’s runway (see Figure 2‐9). Washington State is recommending to an aircraft approaching a runway, using a combination of funding the runway alignment study as part of its growth the alternative radio signals and, in many cases, high‐intensity lighting arrays management efforts, because the orientation of the new runway that is to enable a safe landing during instrument meteorological runway will significantly impact development around the parallel to SIA’s conditions (IMC), such as low ceilings or reduced visibility due airport. It will also affect the use of airspace, which is shared main runway. A to fog, rain, or blowing snow. with Fairchild AFB and Felts Field. The Federal Aviation final decision on Administration (FAA) conducted an airspace study as part of which alternative will be pursued is the runway alignment study. The FAA study’s simulation pending. results did not favor one runway alignment alternative over another. (Source: Jennifer Morris, Capacity Analysis Group Manager, FAA, March 20, 2009)
September 2009 Page 2-27 Fairchild JLUS
Felts Field East of Spokane, Felts Field Airport is designated as an air cargo and reliever airport for Spokane International Airport. Felts Field’s role is primarily based on its air cargo and general aviation activity. Fixed base operations at the airport provide air taxi, maintenance, and servicing for personal, business, and commercial aviation operations. Felts Field is equipped with an Instrument Landing System (ILS) enabling approaches during adverse weather conditions. This approach system, while not as sophisticated as SIA, provides reliable service to the general aviation, business, and air cargo operations using the airport.
In recent years, improvements to both Felts Field and Spokane International airports have increased the potential for growth and development in the aviation industry within the region. These improvements include a new communications tower in 2007, airport access development, terminal building expansions, and operational improvements. The recent completion of landing system and runway/taxiway rehabilitations at Spokane International have improved the ability for Figure 2‐9. Third Runway Options – Spokane International Airport certified aircraft to land in conditions that would have Source: Runway End Coordinates, Meade and Hunt, June 6, 2008. previously been prohibitive.
According to the Spokane Airport Board’s Request for The Spokane Airport Board has a master plan for the Spokane Qualifications for the new runway study, orientation of the International Airport aimed at developing a 20‐year forecast third runway should address: 1) SIA’s needs and future of aviation activity, from 2000 to 2020. The following are operational demands, 2) the community’s needs and future projections from the master plan: growth, and 3) Fairchild AFB’s needs and mission demands. The study should consider and incorporate the impact and findings of the JLUS. (Source: Spokane International Airport Master Plan Update, March 2003)
Page 2-28 September 2009 2. Study Area Profile
Passenger Projections. Considering historical levels, facilities, amenities, and radio/navigational aids, their ability passenger activity at the Spokane International to reduce air traffic for practice operations and general Airport is forecasted to nearly double by 2021. activity at Felts Field or Spokane International makes them an Passengers using the airlines at SIA will grow from integral part of the overall transportation system. the year 2000’s 1.7 million per year to 3.3 million by Source: Draft Spokane Metropolitan Area Metropolitan Transportation Plan, 2020. 2008 – 2030, 2008 Update by the Spokane Regional Transportation Council. Air Cargo Projections. Growth in air cargo at Spokane International is expected to be even more Rail dramatic. From 1995 to 2000, activity levels doubled, Rail transportation has long been a component of the and even more dramatic increases are expected in mobility infrastructure of the Spokane Metropolitan region. the future. By 2020, 275,000 tons of air cargo is As such, the historical growth patterns within the region expected to pass through SIA annually. mirrored the location of the early rail lines. Although bankruptcies, acquisitions, and mergers occurring over the Aircraft Operations Projections. Aircraft operations, year have reduced the number of rail lines operating within or the number of takeoffs and landings, include air the region, rail remains a dominant influence within carriers, air cargo operations, general aviation and transportation infrastructure. military flights. For the future, it is expected that overall operations will not increase at the same rate Today, the Burlington Northern / Santa Fe (BNSF) and the as passenger and freight volumes. Rather, the Union Pacific are the two mainline providers serving the airlines, air cargo carriers and general aviation users Spokane Metropolitan area. With the increased international are expected to use larger capacity aircraft. This trade activity between the United States and pacific‐rim change will be seen primarily in the regional carriers countries, rail services provides an efficient method for good that will increase the number of regional jets. Air movement from deep water ports on the western coast and cargo carriers are expected to employ more MD‐11 interior locations. Presently, BNSF operates approximately and Boeing 757 size aircraft, and general aviation will 65 trains per day and the Union Pacific operates an average increasingly see larger private aircraft such as the of 6 to 10 trains a day through the Spokane region. Boeing GA jets, the Gulfstream V, or other business jets. The benefits that the State of Washington can obtain from a robust rail system are threatened because the system is Other Airports nearing capacity. Service quality is strained and rail rates are Other smaller airports such as Mead and Deer Park north of going up for many Washington State businesses. Spokane provide an important contribution to the regional transportation system. These general aviation airports The pressure on the rail system will increase in the next provide opportunities for private and business aircraft to be decades. Between 2005 and 2025, the output of the based closer to their homes or businesses. While general Washington State economy (measured as gross state aviation airports typically do not have the same level of product) is expected to grow at an average of 3.5 percent per
September 2009 Page 2-29 Fairchild JLUS
year. The total freight tonnage moved over the Washington In addition to the Geiger Rail Spur realignment, the Geiger State rail system is expected to increase by about 60 percent Transload and Logistics Center is also being proposed. This over the period. To accommodate this growth, many more facility would provide new industrial customers east of rail lines within Washington State will be operating at or Fairchild AFB direct access to rail service. Although a above their practical capacity. economic anchor for the area with the potential to create new jobs, the added commercial and industrial activity could Growth in rail traffic and rail congestion issues are also impact operations on the installation if not carefully affecting Washington communities by increasing delays for coordinated and considering potential compatibility factors automobile and truck drivers at rail‐highway crossings, such as vertical obstructions, density, production of industrial creating noise and safety problems, and disrupting outputs (smoke, dust and particulates), lighting, and communities and environmentally sensitive areas with frequency considerations. construction projects.
As freight and passenger trains compete for time and space Support Infrastructure on the rail system, the capacity constraints may also frustrate Water the service and ridership plans for the State’s passenger‐rail program. The cost of resolving the rail choke points in the I‐5 The City of Spokane and Airway Heights are the water corridor on the state’s west coast to meet passenger service purveyors serving the JLUS study area. The City of Spokane is and ridership goals is increasing, potentially reducing the extending a water transmission line towards Fairchild AFB cost‐effectiveness of the passenger rail program. Without and the West Plains area. The project is set for three phases capacity improvements, rail will not maintain its share of the over the next four years. The new 36‐inch line is designed to Washington State freight market, rail shipping prices will provide the needed water for the area for the next 100 years. increase, and service reliability will deteriorate for many of Currently, Fairchild AFB receives its water from dedicated the State’s industrial and agricultural shippers. wells on base and pumps on the Spokane River; however, the new line will provide the installation with the option of Geiger Rail Spur Realignment. Located on the West Plains of obtaining its water supply from the water lines currently Spokane County, the Geiger Rail Spur Realignment project connected to an aquifer near the Spokane River or from the will relocate a portion of the Geiger Rail Spur currently new line. located inside the secure area of Fairchild AFB. Due to national security concerns, the rail line will be relocated off Wastewater installation to continue freight service to existing customers The City of Airway Heights is in the process of developing a currently located on the line. The realignment will connect new water reclamation plant aimed at increasing the city’s the Geiger Spur to the Palouse Coulee City (PCC) Rail Line and strained wastewater treatment capacity and eliminating interchange with the Burlington Northern / Santa Fe in wastewater discharge to the Spokane River. The plant’s Cheney, Washington. design includes an eight‐foot deep, four million gallon short‐ term storage lagoon. The current site for this project is
Page 2-30 September 2009 2. Study Area Profile
located in the southern portion of Airway Heights and is Dishman Hills NRCA is a 518‐acre natural area just bounded by McFarland Road to the south, Russell Street to east of Spokane described as the wilderness version the east, 21st Avenue to the north, and Lawson Street to the of New York City’s Central Park that preserves rocks, west. This location is less than two miles east of Fairchild AFB. landforms, and vegetation as it was before this area was settled. The plant is set for two phases. The first phase will treat up to Pinecroft NAP is a 100‐acre preserve on a knoll just one million gallons of wastewater per day. Plant startup is east of Spokane that preserves the largest of the few scheduled for the spring of 2011. The second phase is planned remaining examples of ponderosa pine/grassland for sometime in the future when additional treatment ecosystems that were historically more common in capacity is needed. This phase will increase capacity to the Spokane Valley. 1.5 million gallons per day. It is anticipated that the new plant’s reclaimed water will be used for aquifer recharge, Riverside State Park covers 7,655 acres with irrigation applications, and commercial and industrial uses. 44,000 feet of shoreline along the Spokane River. The increased amount of potable water will also free up Mt. Spokane State Park is northeast of Fairchild AFB, enough water to support 1,000 new homes. offering year‐round recreation opportunities, (Source: http://www.cawh.org/water_reclamation_plant.asp) including downhill and cross country skiing, snowmobiling, and hiking. Environmental Resources The Spokane River Centennial Trail is a 35‐mile Eastern Washington and northern Idaho offer a diverse range multiuse paved trail that runs along the Spokane of outdoor recreational opportunities. The nearest public River from 8 miles east of Coeur d’Alene, Idaho, to natural areas in the general vicinity of Fairchild AFB are the Nine Mile Falls, Washington. Colville National Forest, Turnbull National Wildlife There are several national forests, two national parks, and Refuge (NWR), Dishman Hills Natural Resources Conservation several state parks within a 200‐ to 400‐mile proximity to Area (NRCA), Pinecroft Natural Area Preserve (NAP), Fairchild AFB in Washington, Idaho, and Oregon. See Riverside State Park, Mt. Spokane State Park, and the Table 2‐9 for a list of NWRs, National Forests, NRCAs, NAPs, Spokane River Centennial Trail. Characteristics of these areas and State Parks in the Vicinity of Fairchild AFB. are highlighted as follows:
(Source: Fairchild AFB Final Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan, Colville National Forest is approximately 50 miles to March 2005) the north of Spokane and includes the Salmo‐Priest Wilderness Area. Turnbull NWR is approximately 20 miles south of the Base, outside of Cheney.
September 2009 Page 2-31
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identified and placed on the National Register of Historic There are a variety of native species and habitats that can be Places and the Washington Heritage Register. (Source: found on the lands owned and operated by Fairchild AFB. http://www.dahp.wa.gov) One species in particular, Spalding’s catchfly (Silene spaldingii), is federally and state listed as threatened. This is Threatened and Endangered Species the only identified federally threatened species on Fairchild AFB. This herbaceous perennial plant is a member of The purpose of the Washington Endangered, Threatened, the carnation family and is predominantly found in moist and Sensitive Wildlife Species Classification Rule (WAC 232‐12‐ bunchgrass grasslands and sage‐brush‐steppe, and 297) is to identify and classify native wildlife species that have sometimes in pine forests. Spalding’s catchfly typically ranges need of protection or management to ensure their survival as from 8 to 24 inches tall and is characterized by greenish‐white free‐ranging populations in Washington and to define the flowers, lance‐shaped leaves, and sticky foliage and flower process by which listing, management, recovery, and pedals. (Source: http://www.fws.gov) delisting of a species can be achieved. These rules are established to ensure that consistent procedures and criteria Spalding’s catchfly was first identified on Fairchild AFB in are followed when classifying wildlife as endangered, or the 1994, and placed on the federally threatened list in 2001. This protected wildlife subcategories threatened or sensitive. The species occurs in the southwestern portion of Fairchild AFB, rule defines endangered wildlife species as “any wildlife known as South Base, near the Survival Training School. Some species native to Washington that is seriously threatened of the factors that are a threat to catchfly populations within with extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its the area include non‐native species, grazing, fire suppression range in the state.” Threatened species are defined as “any activities, and military use of the land. (Source: Fairchild AFB INRMP) wildlife species native to the state of Washington that is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable An official survey completed in 2004 identified a total of future throughout a significant portion of its range within the 67 plants at eight different monitoring sites on Fairchild AFB. state without cooperative management or removal of This is compared to 49 plants in 2003, 66 plants in 2002, threats”. Sensitive species are defined as “any wildlife 26 plants in 2001, and 77 plants in 1999. Although the number species native to the state of Washington that is vulnerable of recorded plants varies from year to year, the locations in or declining and is likely to become endangered or which they are recorded remains the same. (Source: 2004 Fairchild threatened in a significant portion of its range within the Spalding’s catchfly survey report) state without cooperative management or removal of threats.” An announcement from the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) on March 19, 2009 stated that the results of a five‐year status review of the species will keep it on the Spalding’s catchfly federal threatened species list. A Recovery Plan was finalized by the USFWS in October 2007 for this species that provided detailed goals and recovery management procedures in order to delist the species from the threatened list. According to
September 2009 Page 2-33 Fairchild JLUS
the plan, prompt and effective recovery actions could delist Spalding’s catchfly in 2040. (Source: http://www.fws.gov and USFWS Recovery Plan for Spalding’s Catchfly 2007)
Several other federal or state species that are considered for inclusion on the threatened or endangered lists, or are already on the state threatened list have also been observed at Fairchild AFB. Observation does not necessarily mean that these species reside or breed on the installation, however. These species include the bald eagle (delisted from the federal threatened list in 2007), the golden eagle (state candidate for listing), the burrowing owl (federal species of concern and state candidate for listing), the white‐tailed jackrabbit (state candidate for listing), the inch‐high rush and mousetail (both state sensitive plant species), and two state threatened plant species: American pillwort and northwestern yellowflax. (Source: Fairchild AFB Final Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan, March 2005)
Page 2-34 September 2009