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Broadband/IP/Cloud Computing Broadband/IP/Cloud Computing Presentation to the Colorado Telecommunications Association www.cellstream.com (c) 2011 CellStream, Inc. 1 www.cellstream.com (c) 2011 CellStream, Inc. 2 www.cellstream.com (c) 2011 CellStream, Inc. 3 www.cellstream.com (c) 2011 CellStream, Inc. 4 www.cellstream.com (c) 2011 CellStream, Inc. 5 Past vs. Present The Past – 20th Century The Present – 21st Century • Peer-to-Peer with broadcast • Many-to-Many with multicast • Mix of Analog and Digital • All media is digital – single • Producers supply transport Consumers • All media is connected • Peer-to-Peer is 1:1 • Many-to-Many is M:N o Traditional Telephone • Producers and Consumers • Broadcast is 1:N do both o Newspaper o CNN takes reports from Twitter o TV/Radio o End users send pictures and reports www.cellstream.com (c) 2011 CellStream, Inc. 6 Where are we in Phone Evolution? PHONE 1.0 PHONE 2.0 PHONE 3.0 Soft phone Your Phone Number Your Phone Number Your Phone Number represents where you represents you represents an IP Address – are (e.g. 972-747- regardless of where you independent of location 0300 is home, 214- are. and appliance you are 405-3708 is work) using (e.g. IP Phone, Cell Phone, PDA, Computer, Television, etc.) www.cellstream.com (c) 2011 CellStream, Inc. 7 Phone 3.X • Examples of Phone 3.0 are Skype, Google Talk, others on a PC. • Phone 3.1 – Skype on an iTouch • Phone 3.2 – Android OS from Google – a phone Centric OS that runs on cellular appliances • Phone 3.3 – Android OS from Google that runs on a Phone Appliance www.cellstream.com (c) 2011 CellStream, Inc. 8 Where are we in TV Evolution? TV 1.0 TV 2.0 TV 4.0 The Internet Black and White Enhanced Display, Recording "Over the Top" Video Services / Shows / TV 1.5 TV 3.0 Programming from the Internet The television is now a computer. The set top box is a piece of software that runs on the TV! Color Digital High Def www.cellstream.com (c) 2011 CellStream, Inc. 9 Where are we in Computer Evolution? Computers 1.0 Computers 3.0 Computers 5.0 Cloud Computing Cloud Mainframe Networking Computers 2.0 The Personal Computer Accessing Processing, Applications, Networking on the Computers 4.0 Internet without local storage www.cellstream.com (c) 2011 CellStream, Inc. 10 Mini Computers Handheld & Networked Computing Evolution to Digital Transport • More than 75% (easily) of our transport capacity is IP Traffic • Enablers: o Internetworking o Reduction in cost of memory and processing o Reduction in size, power, and cooling of processing o Reduction in cost and size of storage • Bad News: o Bandwidth is a commodity who’s price is plummeting o We may not be on top of the change www.cellstream.com (c) 2011 CellStream, Inc. 11 Connectivity Today - 2011 • Does a POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) Line mean: “truly connected”? • 21st Century connectivity requires more than a POTS line -- requires a “pipe” to the information and services offered by the Internet Cloud The Internet www.cellstream.com (c) 2011 CellStream, Inc. 12 www.cellstream.com (c) 2011 CellStream, Inc. 13 The Bandwidth Inequity How much speed? Internet Ethernet Remote Terminal Residential Gateway 1 Gigabit/sec (Router) www.cellstream.com (c) 2011 CellStream, Inc. 14 Wireless 3G vs. 4G Technology 3G 4G Frequency band 1.8 - 2.5GHz 2 - 8GHz Bandwidth 5-20MHz 5-20MHz 100Mb/s moving - 1Gb/s Data rate Up to 2Mb/s stationary Access W-CDMA VSF-OFCDM and VSF-CDMA FEC Turbo-codes Concatenated codes Switching Circuit/Packet Packet www.cellstream.com (c) 2011 CellStream, Inc. 15 Reality Check for Wireless • 4G is in progress at best – there is much stretching of the facts (e.g. 4GLTE) • There is no 5G – wireless technology has hit the bits/hertz wall, but who knows what the future will bring • Limit appears to be mobile 100Mb/s • Does not mean we should not deploy wireless in our own networks www.cellstream.com (c) 2011 CellStream, Inc. 16 How Many Bits? • Assume 100,000,000 (100M) Households • 1 Bit = Binary Digit • Each gets 100,000,000 • 8 Bits = 1 Byte • 1000 Bits = 1 Kilobit (100M) Bits/Sec • 1000 Kilobits = 1 Megabit • = 10,000,000,000,000,000 • 1000 Megabytes = 1 Gigabit • 1000 Gigabits = 1 Terabit Bits/Sec Total Bandwidth • 1000 Terabits = 1 Petabit • 10,000,000 Gigabits/Sec • 1000 Petabits = 1 Exabit • 10,000 Terabits/Sec • 1000 Exabits = 1 Zettabit • 1000 Zettabits = 1 Yottabit • 10 Petabits/Sec • 1000 Yottabits = 1 Brontobit • 1000 Brontobits = 1 Geopbit Note: Just considering the Urban numbers www.cellstream.com (c) 2011 CellStream, Inc. 17 Defining Customer Types • Some will want plain old telephone service (Lifeliners) • Some will want just cell phones (new Jet Set) • Most will want a blend of the services we have discussed – Voice/Video/Gaming/Internet • Drives one thing…hint – the thing we sell…. BANDWIDTH www.cellstream.com (c) 2011 CellStream, Inc. 18 End User Services • Approximately 3 television • 3 x 10 Mb/s viewing points (HDTV/MPEG-4) – These can be live/or Video on Demand • Internet Access • 3 x 10 Mb/s – Includes on-line Gaming and other Internet needs • IP Telephone • 1Mb/s TOTAL ~ 60Mb/s Note: Should consider other applications for SOHO (video conferencing), Small Business (Security Camera monitoring), etc. www.cellstream.com (c) 2011 CellStream, Inc. 19 Epiphany #1: More Bandwidth • We must understand the end users and their needs • We must understand the applications and how they are being used on a constant basis • We must understand the competition in this highly competitive and low margin bandwidth climb • We must continue to be masters of the technology www.cellstream.com (c) 2011 CellStream, Inc. 20 What is the IPv6 Protocol? – Next generation IP – Primary goal: extend the addressing space • Embraced unique IP address for everything • Increased from 32 bits to 128 bits • More address types, More hierarchy – IP header simplification to improve per-hop processing – Maintained the Quality of Service capabilities of IPv4 – Introduce New Functionality • Multicast, Mobility features • Binding updates, Autoconfiguration • Built-in IPsec including Encryption and Authentication www.cellstream.com (c) 2011 CellStream, Inc. 21 Why did we develop IPv6? • Concerns for consumption of IPv4 address space began in the early 1990’s o In 1991, the Address Lifetime Expectations (ALE) Working Group studied projections about address consumption rate and showed exhaustion by 2008 o A “Bake-off” was planned for mid-1994 to select an approach of a new protocol over multiple layers of encapsulation to expand addressing • Larger numbers of networked devices (mobile phones/devices, more internet users, and new industry advancements in transportation) foreseen www.cellstream.com (c) 2011 CellStream, Inc. 22 Growth of the IPv4 Network BGP Table • This table shows the number of addresses contained in the core IPv4 BGP routing tables • If you were to connect to a Tier 1 network you would receive approximately 366,000 routes Data as of 6/2011 Source: http://bgp.potaroo.net/as2.0/bgp- active.html www.cellstream.com (c) 2011 CellStream, Inc. 23 Growth of the IPv6 Network BGP Table • This table shows the number of addresses contained in the core IPv6 BGP routing tables • If you were to connect to a Tier 1 network you would receive approximately 6,600 IPv6 routes Data as of 6/2011 Source: http://bgp.potaroo.net/v6/as2.0/index.html www.cellstream.com (c) 2011 CellStream, Inc. 24 IPv6 Can Restore End-to-End Global Addressing • The Internet began with unique global addressing and end-to-end connectivity for any application • Usage of NAT and Application-Layer Gateways connect private networks over public networks • Peer-to-Peer or Server-to-Client applications mean global addressing when you connect to – Distributed Gaming – IP Telephony, Fax, Video Conf NAT ALG – Instant Messaging Private Public Private – Mobile, Residential Today – Remote Monitoring IPv6 Future End-to-End Global Addressing www.cellstream.com (c) 2011 CellStream, Inc. 25 How Many addresses? • Total of 2^128 possible addresses • Using 2^64, works out to around 36M addresses per square meter of earth! km^2 # IPv6 Addresses Resulting # IPv6 Addresses/m^2 340,282,366,920,938,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,0 00=Total (2^128) Land 148,940,000 18,446,744,073,709,600,000* 123,853,525 Water 361,132,000 51,080,336 Total 510,072,000 36,164,981 * Used 2^64, assuming first 64 bits are reserved/network www.cellstream.com (c) 2011 CellStream, Inc. 26 Managing IPv6 Address Allocations • Five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) oversee IPv6 address allocation and assignment of Internet number resources in the various regions of the world o ARIN is the Regional Internet Registry for Canada, many Caribbean and North Atlantic islands, and the United States. http://www.arin.net o AfriNIC is the Regional Internet Registry serving Africa. http://www.afrinic.net o APNIC is the Regional Internet Registry serving the Asia-Pacific region. http://www.apnic.net o RIPE NCC is the Regional Internet Registry serving Europe, the Middle East, and parts of Central Asia. http://www.ripe.net o LACNIC is the Regional Internet Registry serving Latin America and the Caribbean region. http://www.lacnic.net www.cellstream.com (c) 2011 CellStream, Inc. 27 IPv6 ISP/SP Deployment Activities • Tier 1 Service Providers are actively supporting IPv6 • Tier 2 SP’s are ready in the US, have begun support • Independent and Tier 3 – very few engagements, but window to prepare is open • ISPs have to get an IPv6 prefix from their Regional Registry • IPv6 support largely driven by customer demand • Europe and Japan are leading the worldwide deployment of IPv6 www.cellstream.com (c) 2011 CellStream, Inc.
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