Breaking Through the Myths to Reality: a Future-Proof View Of

Breaking Through the Myths to Reality A Future-Proof View of Fiber Optic Inspection and Cleaning

Dear Viewer: As presented at BICSI® in February- 2018, this seminar has video and animations that Edward J. Forrest, Jr. are not available as a .pdf file. If you would like the RMS(RaceMarketingServices) original version, please contact BICSI or the author.

Bringing Ideas Together Caution: This Presentation is going to be controversial!

IT IS BASED ON 2,500 YEARS OF SCIENCE AND PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

2 Fact OR FICTION of Fiber Optic Cleaning and Inspection

This seminarWE WILL mayDISCUSS contradictAND currentDEFINE: trends ➢ There➢ Cleaningand are what OTHER you’ve is notWAYS been important…BESIDES taught. VIDEO ➢ ➢➢“Automatic99.9%Debris➢ ➢ExistingA “Reagent FiberonS Detection” CIENTIFICthe standards, Optic surface Grade” ConnectorR isEALITY of such“good Isopropanola fiber… as enough”.is optic a is IECconnector“Pass 61300Let’sanI NSPECTIONanythingeffective- Fail”separate- 3surface-35, is is bettereasy are Factsfiberto is “Best determine thantwoto from optic understand nothing!-dimensional Practice”Fiction cleaner What we’veTwoif the ( ALL-Dimensional connector) been taught/bought/soldand is Structure“clean” over the last 30+Myth yearsfrom may“diameter”. Scientific not be the same Reality thing!

3 Fact OR FICTION of Fiber Optic Cleaning and Inspection

➢ A Fiber Optic Connector is a Two-Dimensional Structure

➢ 99.9% “Reagent Grade” Isopropanol is an effective fiber optic cleaner

➢ Cleaning is not important… anything is better than nothing!

➢ There are OTHER WAYS BESIDES VIDEO INSPECTION to determine if the connector is “clean”

➢ Debris on the surface of a fiber optic connector surface is two-dimensional “diameter”.

➢ “Automatic Detection” is “good enough”. “Pass-Fail” is easy to understand

➢ Existing standards, such as IEC 61300-3-35, are “Best Practice”

4 Fact OR FICTION of FiberW OpticHAT ISCleaningTHE “AUTHORITY and Inspection” ? PRECISION CLEANING AND INSPECTION ISN’T “NEW”. ▪ ‘WaferThis Fabs’ seminar WforE electronicWILL mayDISCUSS contradict componentsAND (LEDs,currentDEFINE CPU, RF…): trends ▪ ➢HighThere-density➢ Cleaningand printedare what OTHER circuit you’ve is boards notWAYS been important… (PickBESIDES & taught. Place) VIDEO ➢▪ ➢➢Metal“Automatic99.9%Debris➢ CleaningExisting “Reagent (Aerospace,onS Detection” CIENTIFICthe standards, Nuclear, surface Grade”Gas & Oil)R isEALITY of such“good Isopropanola fiber… as enough”. optic is ➢Let’sA anythingFiber separate Optic is better Facts Connector than from nothing! is a ▪ ImplantableIECconnector“Pass 61300an medicalI NSPECTIONeffective-Fail”- 3surface devices-35, is easyare fiber(Cochlear,to is “Best determine twoto Cardiac, optic understand- Prosthetic)dimensional Practice”Fiction cleaner What we’veTwoif the ( ALL-Dimensional connector) been taught/bought/soldand is Structure“clean” over the last A well-established30+ years performancefrom may“diameter”. Scientific not history be the ofsame Reality precision thing! cleaning and inspection onMyth which our Industry can base itself…and has not.

5 Please join me: In Search of: Best Practice

Best practice - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best_practice “A best practice* is a method or technique … that produces results … superior to those achieved by other means….”

*Merriam-Webster Dictionary, Cambridge Dictionary, Investopedia®, Business-Dictionary®, Technopedia®

www.fiberopticprecisioncleaning.com 6 What Does It Mean? “Future-Proof”*

Kilobit 2006-ish Tech! 1. Processes that anticipate Megabit 2014-ish range future developments. Gigabit New super-channels Terabit 2. Actions taken to minimize negative 2018 experimental Petabit ranges consequences. Exabit Zettabit 3. Change old perceptions into new realities Yottabit Brontobit

* adjective: British. Oxford® Dictionary. Technipedia®, Cambridge® Dictionary, Wikipedia® Really?

7 What Does It Mean? “Future-Proof”*

Kilobit 2006-ish Tech! 1.“DoProcesses all aspectsthat ofanticipate Fiber Optic Network Megabit 2014-ish range futureDesign, developments. Installation and Training Gigabit New super-channels Terabit 2. Actions takenDevelopment?” to minimize negative 2018 experimental Petabit ranges consequences. Exabit advance at Zettabit 3. Change old perceptions into new realities Yottabit The Speed of Light? “Maybe…”Brontobit Is that good enough? Really?

* adjective: British. Oxford® Dictionary. Technipedia®, Cambridge® Dictionary, Wikipedia® 8 Buzz Words?

Future Best Proof Practice

Or: The Way Forward

9 Myth or Reality?

WhatTHE is“ MYTHthe “end” face”?OF TWO-DIMENSIONS Is the IEC 61300-3-35 definition of a two1.) - CdimensionalONNECTORS surfaceARE adequateTWO-DIMENSIONS 1 and accurate? 2 2.) CONTAMINATION IS TWO-DIMENSIONS “Zone-1” … is the “fiber/core” 3 “Zone3.) C-ONTAMINATION2” … is the reflectiveIS claddingLIMITED TO AN “END FACE” “Zone-3” … is the contact surface The reality of 3-D

10 Myth or Reality?

THE “MYTH” OF TWO-DIMENSIONS

1.) Connectors are two-dimensions

2.) Contamination is two-dimensions

3.) Contamination is limited to a

limited “end face” surface area diameter The reality of 3-D

11 Myth The fiber optic end face and associated or Reality? components are 3-D structures!

Add Zone-4 and Zone-5 to your understanding of any fiber optic Horizontal surface 4 Plane of the Ferrule

Vertical Includes Planes of these the surfaces Ferrule also! 5

Images © RMS-1 12 Myth Happens

How does contamination “get there”? Sometimes, it’s “impossible” grasp the vast and infinite nature of our universe of installations! We want “it” to be ‘easy’… Condensation Transfer from Could not make moving… “it”from truck can also be accurate and effective.‘jumper to back this one up! to install plane’

13 Myth Happens

How does contamination “get“it” there”?” Sometimes, it’s “impossible”▪ Accurate grasp and adequate the vast design and infinite nature ofparameters our universe of installations!▪ Installation methods and procedures We want “it” to be ‘easy’… Condensation Transfer from Could▪ notEffective make “best practice” training moving… “it”from truck can also be accurate and effective.‘jumper to back this one up! to install plane’

14 15 4 A brief lesson in the History of Physics and Geometry!

Early 1900’s

Planck’s Quantum Theory of Physics Max revolutionized our understanding of Atomic and Subatomic structures; Einstein’s Theory of Relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Planck’s work on sub-atomic structures defined them as 3-D … and tied Euclidean mathematical science to physics! Al

All contents © 2017 RMS (RaceMarketingServices) 16 A brief lesson in the History of Physics and Geometry! Early 1900’s …about the year ➢1590,Euclid twodefined Dutch Geometry spectacle in makers, Zaccharias two-dimensions ... about 2,500 JanssenPlanck’s and Quantum his fatheryears Theory Hans ago. ofstarted Physics experimenting … put several revolutionized our understanding of Atomic and lenses in a ➢tubeIn 100AD and-ish madethe astronomer an significant Ptolemy discovery. Max Subatomic structures;looked Einstein’s at the heavens Theory and realized of Relativity revolutionized thereour understandingwas “distance”. of space and➢ Intime. 1492 Columbus sailed “west” to find the “east” leading to THEYcivilization’sHAD JUST understandingINVENTED the THE Planck’s work onCOMPOUND subworld-atomic is a 3-D structure. structuresMICROSCOPE … defined them as 3-D➢ In… the and 17th Century, tied Euclidean Descartes expandedPRECURSOR on Euclidian geometryTO mathematical sciencewith his work to onphysics! spheres … 3-D Al CONTEMPORARYscience we know today.VIDEO INSPECTION These are considered ‘mathematical’ sciences…until:

1. Existing precision cleaning and inspection standards are based on “Euclidian 2-D geometry”.

2. Ptolemy, Descartes, Planck, Einstein and Chis Columbus taught us … about what we know as you are sitting there today in the here & now: 3. WE EXIST IN 3-DIMENSIONS!

18 A brief lesson in the History of Physics and Geometry! IT’S TRUE: ➢ Euclid defined Geometry in two-dimensions ... about 2,500 years ago. We are inspecting➢ In and100AD- ishcleaningthe astronomerfiber Ptolemy optic connectionsMax nd looked at the heavens and realized based on 2 Centurythere was “distance”. (BC) Euclidean Geometry and Microscopes➢ In 1492 invented Columbus sailed in “west” the to 16th Century! find the “east” leading to civilization’s understanding the world is a 3-D structure. ➢ In the 17th Century, Descartesst It’s time toexpanded … “ onGo Euclidian 21 geometryCentury ” … with his work on spheres … 3-D Al with our thinkingscience we know about today. these things!!! These are considered ‘mathematical’ sciences…until:

THE “MYTH” OF TWO-DIMENSIONS

CONNECTORS ARE NOT TWO-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES

20 IEC 61300-3-35 Measures Debris & Contamination in “Diameter of

Set the Record Straight! Contamination, The “red” on this in any or all interferometer scale is (max) forms, 1.67 microns in is NOT width and height. two-dimensions.

21 Mini-Conclusions: Myth or Reality?

Who has the ‘need to know’? AN INDUSTRY-WIDE UPDATE IS IN PROCESS

No matter the application or connection type … when deploying fiber optics … there is an end face and associated connector geometry that must be cleaned and inspected … properly. Future generations will benefit from what you do now Design-Install-Train-Manufacture

22 Mini-Conclusions: Myth or Reality?

“WE” ARE STILL EVOLVING.

▪ Copper continues to grow even in the face of replacement by fiber optics. ▪ Fiber Optics is challenged by wireless, DOCSIS 3.1, and who knows what 5G will mean to all of us! ▪ You as a network designer, technician or trainer are challenged by: newer, faster, better.

23 Mini-Conclusions: Myth or Reality?

“WWhoE” ARE has theSTILL ‘needEVOLVING to know’?. AN INDUSTRYYou -areWIDE NOTUPDATE sitting thereIS IN in PROCESS ▪ CopperYou are continues heretwo thisto grow-dimensions! week even because in the face you of want replacement by fiber optics. No matter theto application “future proof”or connection your typeknowledge … when deploying and fiber optics▪ …Fiber thereprovide Optics is an endis the challenged face best and for associated by your wireless, client connector DOCSIS base. geometry 3.1, thatConnectors must be cleaned and and inspected Contamination … properly. andare who NOT knows two what 5Gdimensions will mean to all as of us! well! Future▪ You generations as a networkYou will designer,are benefit “best technician practice”from what or youtrainer do now are challengedDesign by:-Install newer,-Train faster,-Manufacture better. A “Homer Simpson® Moment?” ®

24 The Myths of Test and Inspection: Before you clean, how do you know what debris you are cleaning? After you clean…how do you know…the surface actually clean?

SET THE RECORD STRAIGHT: WHAT DO I USE? o Fiber Identifier o Visual Fault Locator o Db loss test set (power meter & light source) o OTDR? o Direct view microscope or loupe? A magnifying glass? o Video Scope? The “real question”: What do they do?

25 Myth or Reality? What do they do?

Fiber Identifier: A Live Fiber Trace and Toner enables the technician to identify available fibers without the disruption of existing subscriber services.

The Fiber Identifier will not indicate a clean surface

26 Myth or Reality? What do they do?

Visual Fault Locator: A visual fault locator uses a high power visible laser designed to locate and identify faults and breaks in fiber optic cables, patch panels and other cable splice areas. They are typically effective up to 7km.

o This instrument will not indicate a clean/soiled fiber

27 Myth or Reality?

What do they do?

Db loss test set (power meter & light source):

Provides insertion loss measurements…how much light is lost on a fiber ‘run’

o Will not indicate clean/soiled fiber

28 Myth or Reality? What do they do?

OTDR? Provides a graph of a fiber optic cable typically reporting: ▪ Distance to faults and connectors/loss per km ▪ Length of the fiber run ▪ Verify splice loss ▪ Reflectance and Insertion Loss

These measurements can indicate a soiled fiber.

The OTDR is a “beautiful thing” … may be too much for “inspection” alone.

29 Myth or Reality?

A Fiber Optic Video Scope is

“Best Practice” means to assure fiber optic surfaces are precision clean…

Which one works best?

30 Myth or Reality? Consider : “The 4 Classes of Inspection”

Class-1: Probe and Monitor

31 Myth or Reality? Consider : “The 4 Classes of Inspection”

Class-2: Wireless/AutoDetect

32 Myth or Reality? Consider : “The 4 Classes of Inspection”

Class-3: Views 3-D Nature of any connector & debris

33 Myth or Reality? What do they do?

Direct view microscope or loupe Class-4: • Descended from the 16th Century, the “direct view” microscope, should never be used on an active fiber. • “Far too often”: Direct View microscopes are used improperly and unsafely where video inspection is compulsory • My personal feeling: “Never Trust a Claim these are filtered”. – Ideal: QC jumpers…

34 Myth or Reality? Which Works Best?

“It depends…” on your applications specific needs.

Don’t be “sold” … listen to all the ‘technology reasons’ a specific manufacturer has designed into their instrument.

35 Myth or Reality?

Mini Conclusion

The “myth” of two-dimensions is embedded in fiber optic cleaning and inspection training and standards.

Does it really matter?

“The Answer” to that question is also why you are here!

36 Insertion Loss is a ‘design sum’ total of three components. It’s an essential calculation in every fiber optic installation.

1.) Fiber Loss Transmitter 3.) Splice Loss (bad splice/soiled connections)

2.) Connector Loss (soiled connections) Receiver

AN IMPROPERLY CLEANED CONNECTION CONTRIBUTES TO: a.) Insertion loss b.) Inaccurate testing based on flawed criteria c.) Time lo$t in te$ting … also part of a ‘lo$$ budget’ (Courtesy: FOA)

37 There are many “opportunities”1.) Fiber Loss for insertion loss Transmitter “transmitter-to- receiver”. 3.) Splice Loss In this session we’ll review some you(bad splice/soiled know… connections) 2.)…and… Connectorintroduce Loss you to others you may not! (soiled connections) Receiver

38 Understanding all fiber optic surfaces is critical to successful deployment

✓ Reflectance: “Reflected Power” can be caused by a soiled or improperly cleaned connector. Acceptable loss on single-mode is … maybe .2-.5db.

✓ Misalignment: Debris on the end face can add to the loss budget by a misaligned fiber… and…unseen debris.

✓ Damage: “Scratch-through-the-core is obvious”… Equal/greater concern is debris on “unseen surfaces”.

39 Cleaning (all) fiber optic surfaces is critical to successful deployments

40 Understanding all fiber optic surfaces is critical to successful deployment

✓ Reflectance: “Reflected Power” can be caused by a soiled or improperly cleaned connector.All of Acceptable which loss on single-mode impacts is … maybe .2-.5db. ✓ Misalignment: Debris on the end face can add to the loss budget by a misalignedInsertion fiber… and…unseen Loss debris. ✓ Damage: “Scratch-through-the-core is obvious”… Equal/greater concern is debris on “unseen surfaces”.

41 Myth or Reality? What is “Primary” and “Secondary” Contamination©

“Heavy Oil” finger print on Transfers and Spreads “jumper side” after mating

“Primary Contamination” is debris as defined by existing standards such as IEC 61300-3-35 rev-2. It’s seen through traditional inspection devices

42 Myth or Reality? What is “Primary” and “Secondary” Contamination©

“Secondary Contamination” may be present on connector sectors outside the ‘field-of-view’ of an end face as defined by existing standards, or, other sectors of a connector. Debris on the surface of this alignment sleeve can be ‘pushed’ from the ‘jumper side’ to the ‘backplane’ side.

43 Myth or Reality? What is “Primary” and “Secondary” Contamination©

Notice: Inspection Ends Here.

In reality, contamination Debris on the surface of does not end at this point on the this alignment sleeve connector surface. can be ‘pushed’ from the Popular inspection devices only ‘jumper side’ to the view a limited two-dimensional ‘backplane’ side. “Heavy Oil”surface. finger print on Transfers and Spreads “jumper side” after mating

44 What is Primary and Secondary (Cross) Contamination©?

• “Primary contamination” is soil deposited on the end face surface by touch, environment, or other activity. It is standardized by several organizations. • “Secondary (cross) contamination” is debris of any type outside the limits of most existing inspection and not often characterized by existing standards. • Awareness of “Primary and Secondary (cross) contamination” provides a more complete understanding of connector, debris, and best practices for fiber optic design, installation and training. It is a higher standard.

45 “SecondaryWhat (cross)Contamination” is Primary and can be the result of a “PRIMARY” AND “SECONDARY” CONTAMINATION© : Secondarycontaminated (Cross) alignment Contamination sleeve. ? EQUAL OPPORTUNITY PROBLEMS! (To a successful deployment) • “Primary contamination” is soil deposited on the end face surface by ➢ touch,We all environment, have been taught or other to activity.clean (and It isinspect) standardized The End by Face: several that’s organizations.a good start. •➢ “SecondaryNow for the (cross) first contamination”time, we see proof is debris there of is any more type to consider than outside“only the limitsend face”. of most existing inspection and not often characterized by existing standards. ➢ This means that if you have cleaned multiple times with no • Awareness of “Primary and Secondary (cross) contamination” provides a more completepositive understanding result of… connector, you may bedebris, cleaning and best the practices for fiber optic design, installationwrong sector and training. of the connector. It is a higher standard.

46 Myth or Reality?

“What is the “3-D” nature of a connector?”

“ISN’T ‘2-D’ GOOD ENOUGH?”

47 This is the ‘standard IEC 61300-3-35 view’ of an end face

“Adhesive” Zone and Cladding @ 125 microns

9 (50/62.5) micron core Contact Zone @ 250-300 microns

Precision Cleaning and Inspection is not limited to single mode installations

48 The remaining field-of-view is not seen with existing This is thetwo ‘standard-dimensional IEC fiber 61300 optic-3 video-35 view’ inspection of an end face

“Adhesive” Zone and Cladding @ 125 microns Contact Zone @ 250-300 9 (50/62.5) micron core microns

2500 microns on a 2.5mm connector

Precision Cleaning and Inspection is not limited to single mode installations

49 This short video demonstrates the complete “field-of-view” of a “FC” connector.

There is limited debris on the actual “end face”, while the remainder of the connector is heavily contaminated … which can cause “Secondary (Cross) Contamination”

Every fiber optic connector type should be characterized in this way.

Image Captured on RMS-1. Please inquire if you want a copy.

50 THIS PRESENTATION IS BASED ON ESTABLISHED SCIENCE THAT MAY SEEM (A LITTLE) FOREIGN TO YOU.  Over the last 30+ years we have been ‘taught & marketed’ many stories.  Today, you are receiving new information that updates the last 30+ years …  As we move from “theoretical” to “practical”, this science and continual update is important to the future times of fiber optic deployments of all types.

51 Let’sLet’sLet’s talktalktalk somesomesome trash!trash!trash! Existing standards define debris, soils and contamination… 1.) In two dimensional “diameter”. 2.) In relation of Dry Debris tends to “distance” stay in place Fluids move and can transfer Some contamination contamination-to-core. is unknown. 3.) No consideration of ‘connector geometry’ Alignment Sleeve, Adapter, etc.

52 52 Myth or Reality?

There is “Science” to:

▪ The various types of contamination ▪ How to remove contamination

53 Myth or Reality? What is ‘dry’ debris?

Actually: “How is this leaf present on this car surface? 1.) If it’s laying there, it might be ‘blown away!

2.) If it’s surface tension hydrogen bonded: attached by a mono-molecular ‘adhesive’ layer. Can be difficult to remove

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_tension 2. https://www.researchgate.net/post/Surface_tension_and_hydrogen_bonding2https:// 3. www.youtube.com/watch?v=hZvC5BKE8Sc

54 54 Myth or Reality? What is ‘dry’ debris?

HOW IS “DUST” PRESENT ON THIS “END FACE”…ACTUALLY?

1.) It’s laying there!

2.) It’s embedded in the micro polishes of the surface

3.) It’s attached by a static-field attraction

4.) It’s ‘surface bonded’.

55 55 Myth or Reality? What is ‘dry’ debris?

Actually: “How is this leaf HOW IS “DUST” PRESENT ON THIS Whilepresent the on this vehicle car surface surface? and the“END endFACE”… faceACTUALLY are? not

1.)the If it’s same laying …there, there it might arebe common 1.) It’s scienceslaying there! of physics ‘blown away! and contamination removal2.) It’s that embedded apply in the to micro both. 2.) If it’s surface tension polishes of the surface hydrogenTHIS bondedIS:“T attachedHE S byCIENCE a OF CLEANING” mono-molecular ‘adhesive’ layer. 3.) It’s attached by a static-field attraction Can be difficult(Understanding to remove the nature of debris helps you do your best work)

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_tensionIf you are interested in learning more, please let me 4.)know It’s … “What ‘surface do you bonded’. want to understand”. 2. https://www.researchgate.net/post/Surface_tension_and_hydrogen_bonding2https:// 3. www.youtube.com/watch?v=hZvC5BKE8Sc

56 56 © WhatWhat isis the ‘fluidic difference contamination’between something that is ? “dry” and something that is a “fluid”?

PERSPIRATION COVERS THIS ✓ A “dryTHIS contaminate”IS CONDENSATION tends to stay in place. It mayCOMPLETE not beEND easyFACE to remove. CONTAMINATION.  Notice the three-dimensional nature ✓ A “fluidic(Obviously…a contaminate”, fluid) by nature, movesthrough and transfers. this ‘virtual 3D’ imagery. It canThis flow occurs to when other there sectors is a of the connectorFluid ‘geometry’. exists on the ‘horizontal end temperature differential: the jumper face’ and can also be present throughout in your truck in the Winter is installed other sectors of the connector geometry. THESEin a Data“S CenterCIENCES at a constantOF 72F.CONTAMINATION” HAVE BEEN STUDIED The red arrows define dry debris on the Notice how the fluid is evidentFOR THOUSANDS and OF YEARS‘vertical. end face/ferrule‘. extends outside the ‘field of view’ of It’s an area not commonlyMyth seen or Reality or ? this 400x inspection device. considered when precision cleaning.

57 57 Another type of contamination is “damage”

Some “scratches” are inevitable and acceptable. Others, such as this, can trap contamination and make removal difficult. At these microscopic levels, a scratch can be a ‘reservoir’ for debris. This understanding directs us to the significance of the interaction Scratch/Damage between inspection, location of debris, and, removal procedures.

58 58 The 3rd Type of Debris “Dry Types and Fluidic© Types” in “Combination”

Hand Lotion and Dust Jet fuel and Sand Finger Oil and Dry Skin

59 59 THESE ARE ONLY A FEWTheOF 3THErd Type(INFINITE of Debris) TYPES OF (POTENTIAL) DEBRIS THAT CAN INFLUENCE INSERTION LOSS “Dry Types and Fluidic© Types” in “Combination” ➢ “The Problem” is that existing standards are based on ‘easy to remove debris’ … not real world types likely you encounter.

➢ Existing standards only consider a small sector of the overall connector surface … another ‘concern’.

➢ Cleaning tools are commercialized on ‘easy-to-remove (minimum) requirements’ not “best practice/future proof” (real world/worst case) possibilities! Hand Lotion and Dust Jet fuel and Sand Finger Oil and Dry Skin

60 60 8 What is a ‘combinationCRITICAL TAKEAWAY contamination’?: Contamination is part of our universe! ➢ Fiber optic deployments are rarely made in pristine conditions.

Create an installation plan noting the environment: a.) Dry, Humid, Dry & Hot… b.) Anticipate debris: dust, mud… c.) Previous problems and how they were resolved Inspection and cleaning processes become 2nd Nature. The fundamental techniques are the same…no matter the connector type

61 61 Myth or Reality?

Clean & Good to Go?

How do we know?

62 HOW DO TO KNOW IF A CONNECTION IS ‘CLEAN’ AND ‘GOOD TO GO’?

By By Standards Testing

IEC 61300-3-35 ▪ OTDR ➢ TIA 455-240 ▪ Power Meter ➢ Telcordia GR 2923-CORE ▪ Visual Fault Locator ➢ SAE AIR-6021 ▪ Direct or Video Inspection

63 CAN STANDARDS BE OBSOLETE AND TESTING INADEQUATE?

IEC 61300-3-35 ▪ OTDR ➢ TIA 455-240 ▪ Power Meter ➢ Telcordia GR 2923Yes-CORE ▪ Visual Fault Locator ➢ SAE AIR-6021 ▪ Direct or Video Inspection

64 2 For Fiber Optic Sciences, ‘the 5-10 year update cycle of standards’ do not keep pace with development of the technologies Yes

“Myth Happens” when it comes to selecting test gear, the best way is to “See” fiber optic surfaces and contamination”! This means: invest in video inspection and/or understand better cleaning methods and procedures

65 Anatomy of a Standard Look outside our industry to understand the concepts

SAE J 429 Bolt Standard: likely each is aware of it! Tensile Minimum Material Grade Size Range Strength min elongation %- Hardness PSI Grade Possible Application

1 ¼”-1 ½” 36,000 18% B7 to B100** 1 Toy Assembly Light weight lawn mower assemblies 2 ¼”-1 ½” 57,000* 18% B80 to 2 B100** Medium weight assembly such as riding lawn mower 5 ¼”-1 ½” 92,000* 14% C19 to C30 5 8 Heavy Duty assembly: bridges, vehicle suspension 8 ¼”-1 ½” 130,000- 12% C33 to C39

SAE J-429 IS ‘APPLICATIONS SPECIFIC’. It was first published in 1983 and updated in 1999. Not much changes with “nuts and bolts” standards like this one! (The 1999 Update added “washers”!) Fiber Optic Standards are considered (inadequately) the same way

6666 Anatomy of a Standard…look outside our ➢ Rapidly Evolving Technologies (such as fiber optics) do not industry to understand the concepts wait five or ten years to ‘re-standardize’!

As it is now: RapidlySAE JEvolving 429 Bolt Standard:Technologies evolve based on Proprietary knowlikely-how, each is Trial aware of- andit! -Error, White Papers, Tensile Instructions, WordMinimum-of -MouthMaterial Training -versus- Formal Training Grade Size Range Strength Where is it used? elongation %- Hardness min PSI (sessions such as this). Grade Possible Application 1 ¼”-1 ½” 36,000 18% B7 to ➢FIBER OPTIC STANDARDSB100**CAN BE INTERNET1 Toy AssemblyBASED , BLOGGED AND 2 ¼”-1 ½” 57,000* 18% B80 to Light weight lawn mower assemblies VETTED BYB100**SME FOR 2ANNUAL UPDATE. 5 ¼”-1 ½” 92,000* 14% C19 to C30 Medium weight assembly such as riding lawn mower ▪ For many years, I have advocated that5 BICSI® lead-the-way and establish 8 ¼”-1 ½” 130,000- 12% C33 to C39 the concept of a Rapidly8 EHeavyvolving Duty assembly: Standard bridges, vehicle© suspension

6767 THIS IS AnatomyALSO A GOOD ofTIME a Standard…lookTO REMIND YOU OF outsideTWO IMPORTANT our FACTORS: ➢ Rapidly Evolving Technologies (such as fiber optics) do not industry to understand the concepts wait five or ten years to ‘re-standardize’! 1. PrecisionH CleaningERE’S ANOTHERa Fiber Optic SurfaceKIND isOF “ApplicationsSTANDARD Specific”: ▪ AsThe it istype now: of debris, Rapidly SAElocation JEvolving 429 of Bolt the Standard: job,Technologies tools you select evolve all play based a critical on role. SAE J-429 likelyIS each‘APPLICATIONS is aware of it! SPECIFIC’. ▪ProprietaryThe process knowis not ‘one-how,-size Trial-fits-all’.-and-Error, White Papers, ‘RAPIDLY EVOLVING TstECHNOLOGIES’ ▪ When I clean,Tensile test and evaluate: I seek 1 Time Cleaning Minimum Material Instructions,Grade Size Range Strength Word -of-Mouth TrainingWhere -versus is- Formalit used? Training It was firstelongation published %- Hardness in 1983 and updated in 1999. min PSI (sessions such as this). Grade Possible Application 2. End1 MedicalFace¼”-1 ½” and Not36,000Connector devices, much18% cleaning changesB7 to micro is NOT with the-motors, “nuts same asand Fusion solar bolts” Splice cells, Prep standards like thisB100** one! (The1 1999Toy Update Assembly added “washers”!) ➢▪2 FIBERlithiumThe¼”-1 Products ½”OPTIC57,000* ionS mayTANDARDS 18%batteries, be differentB80 to CAN BE drones,INTERNET hydrogenBASED, BLOGGED fuelAND 2 Light weight lawn mower assemblies ▪ The TechniquesVETTED may beBY B100**differentSME FOR ANNUAL UPDATE. 5 ¼”Fiber-1 ½” 92,000* Optic14% StandardsC19 to C30 are considered ▪ ▪cars,FusionFor many splice flights years, prep I cleans haveto Mars advocated jacket residues… that and5 BICSI andMedium fiber the® weightlead SIDE assembly-the opticsof -suchway the as andFIBER…riding lawn establish mower! 8 ¼”-1 ½” 130,000- 12% C33 to C39 © not the end(inadequately) facethe concept of a Rapidly the8 EHeavy volvingsame Duty assembly: Standard way bridges, vehicle suspension

6868 Mini Conclusions Eliminate Standards?

69 Mini Conclusions ABSOLUTELY NOT! Think in other ways: 1. Understand that existing standards are ‘minimumEliminate requirements’ and may not be: ‘Best Practice’. 2. Create your own: ‘BEST PRACTICE STANDARD’ 3. Make it part of a Work Order or Network Design Standards?4. Update cleaning and inspection procedures using the mmodel: “Worst Case Leads to Best Practice”.

70 Mini Conclusions “Worst Case” leads to a “Best Practice Standard” you can implement…this afternoon!

Fiber Optic Existingdeployments standards are in clean(er) data centers, Along a rail roaduse right ‘easy to- remove’of-way, Deep in an arid militaryExisting theatre, standards test contamination consider the debris Existing standards … do not challenge only in 2-D During a rain-storm, in a bucketExisting -standardstruck, in Kansas… are updated only cleaning tools ‘diameter’ everyFTTh 7-10 years: in Ohio … an MDU in The Bronxconsider the … FTTp in Tampa! Last time: 2015 connector as a 2-D “Flat Land”

71 Mini 2 Conclusions Absolutely Not… redefine them Eliminate Standards? ▪ Obtain support from the cleaning tool producer or manufacturer’s representative.

▪ Your ‘distributor’ is a critical supply source … but may not be the best resource for this information.

▪ Give me a call…

72 Connector Types… Debris Types… Standards… WHAT DOES IT ALL MEAN?

“Location … Location … Location!”

73 THE FIVE ZONE THREE DIMENSIONAL VIEW

ToA properly Higher precision clean and inspect… Standard to “Look Outside the Box” 4 ➢ Consider“Future total ‘connector geometry’-Proof” your

Why? success4 1 2 4 “Debris exists in 3 places you

can’t see” RMS-1™ Rotating Adapter© Video Inspection

74 THE FIVE ZONE THREE DIMENSIONAL VIEW

TheTo “Field properly precision of View” clean and within inspect… the black“Look box Outsideis the typical the Box”limited 4 ➢ viewConsider of a total 400x ‘connector video geometry’scope.

• The Why?greater the magnification the better the resolution 4 1 2 4 (ability“Debris to define contamination) exists in but 3 places you

• Thecan’t greater see” the magnification,RMS-1™ Rotating Adapter© Video the less you see of the completeInspection connector 4 surface. 5

75 THE FIVE ZONE THREE DIMENSIONAL VIEW

To properly precision clean and inspect…

“Look Outside the Box” 4 ➢ Consider total ‘connector geometry’

Why? 4 1 2 4 “Debris exists in 3 places you

can’t see” RMS-1™ Rotating Adapter© Video Inspection 4 5

76 Precision Inspection: The Concept of “Field of View”

Please YouTube® ”Ed Forrest” to view this informative

Click to start video.

RMS-1™ Rotating Adapter© Video Inspection

77 This is about half-way!

Please, take a short break. Jot down your thoughts, notes or, challenges and send Ed an email.

[email protected]

79 Myth or Reality?

What is Precision Cleaning and Precision Inspection ?

80 The Three Dimensions of Cleaning Anything INCLUDING ALL FIBER OPTIC CONNECTIONS

1st What: soil am I cleaning? 2nd Where: is the soil located? 3rd How: what will remove the soil?

81 The ThreeDaily Dimensions we consider of theseCleaning things Anything …it’s part ofINCLUDING a 2,500ALL F year,IBER OPTIC innateCONNECTIONS experience that directly relates to:

2nd WherePrecision: is the soil Cleaning located? and Inspection of any fiber optic surface! 3rd How: what will remove the soil?

82 The Three Dimensions of Cleaning Anything As part ofINCLUDING this ‘ALLINNATEFIBER OPTIC2,500CONNECTIONS YEAR CLEANING EXPERIENCE’ there is an advantage: 1st What: soil am I cleaning? We can see what we are cleaning… 2nd Where: is the soil located? This is not always the case when inspecting 3rd How: what will remove the soil? fiber optic surfaces…

83 There is a “fluidic contamination” on the ‘horizontal end face’. ThereThe is realitydry debris on is: the ‘vertical ferrule’. While…youThis you may is may notsomething be ablenot to ‘seesee this’ withvery your inspection few havescope … it’s essentialwhat you understand“needs the to reality be so: seen before: ▪ Youcleaned” are not “cleaning on & cleaning”a fiber ▪ Replacing a dirty jumper than can be cleanedoptic surface. ▪ Returning a circuit card for warranty repair! Be Aware and Be Prepared Click to start

84 These are the cleaning methods available in 2018.

1. DRY CLEANING AUDIENCE PARTICIPATION: A little help, please? 2. WET-TO-DRY CLEANING Which one do you use? 1.) ______3. HYBRID/COMBINATION PROCESS 2.) ______3.) ______© 4. BLIND-CLEANING “leap-of-faith” 4.) ______

Surprisingly? My survey conducted over a four year period reports about 60% of all connections are “blind cleaned”

85 Myth or Reality?

TheThe MythsMyths ofof CleaningCleaning

86 Which do you use? Fiber Optic Cleaning Products: 1998-2018 Compressed Dispensed Optical Lens Mechanical Cleaning Probe Swab Gas Dusters Cassettes Solvents Wipers,Tissues Tools… Cleaners Platforms Tools and and Precision Wipes ”Sticks”! Compressed Shop Air

87 How do you clean?

88 Dry Cleaning Process Using tools, swabs, and wiping materials

Advantage: “The Convenience of Tools”

Disadvantages:

1.) The “dry cleaning process” moves dry debris; may not remove it.

2.) The “dry clean process” can create a static field: attracts additional debris

3.) “Dry Cleaning” works best on debris that is “wet”. Click to start

89 Dry Cleaning Process Using tools, swabs, and wiping materials

Please YouTube® “Ed Forrest” to view this informative video.

Click to start

90 Remember the ‘last’ coffee you spilled on your desk? There was a small river headed to your lap and keyboard!!! How did you stop it ?

Advantage: “The Convenience of Tools” ▪ You used a dry wiper: Dry Cleaning is a “mopping action” that absorbs something “wet”. Disadvantages: ▪ Best Practice for Dry Cleaning with a probe tool, swab, cassette 1.) The “dry cleaning process” moves dry debris;or cleaning may not platform: remove it. use the procedure when (if) you identify the debris as a fluid. 2.) The “dry clean process” can create a static field: attracts additional debris 3.)▪ If“Dry you Cleaning” are not inspectingworks best the on surface…every time…how do you know? debris that is “wet”. Click to start

91 So, (following existing training/standards) , the instruction is:

“Since dry-cleaning didn’t work… use the wet-to-dry method…”

“DO YOU AGREE?” THAT’S THE INSTRUCTION … CORRECT?

92 WHAT’S IN A WORD? “Wet-to-Dry-Cleaning”

Everything in Moderation!

(There are micro-surfaces)

▪ “What’s in a Word?” ▪ “WHERE’S THE BEEF?” DO THE WORDS MEAN WHAT THEY SAY?

Is there

“Thanks” to Hey Ed, what’s wrong with Wendy’s®! saying “wet-to-dry cleaning”? a better way?

94 “Wet-to-Dry” Cleaning

The next demonstration is Please YouTube® ”Ed Forrest” to view conducted using 99.9% IPA. this informative video. It has been repeated many thousands of times over the last 20 years. The testing clearly proves that it is possible to “flood” the end face…check it out!

Click to start

95 The ‘wet-to-dry’ process may, or may not … actually dry the surface. Stop and think about it: Using something “wet” works best on debris that is “dry”.

This is the Science of Hydrology*: the attraction and absorption of dry matter by fluids…and fluids into dry matter.

*Professor Tyson Ochsner: Oklahoma State University

96 ‘Fluidic Contamination’ on the outer limits of the ‘field of view’, and embedded in Zone-5, can transfer and migrate. If you are “blind-cleaning” you will never know!

Fluid from Zones 4 & 5  1  2  3  4 5 heading to Zones 3-2-1

97 Don’t let the term ‘wet-to-dry’ convey a sense of “cleaning-over-confidence”.

 1  2  3  4 5

98 Food For Thought:

• Dry Cleaning works best for ‘wet contamination’ … it’s a mopping action

• Wet-to-Dry Cleaning works best for ‘dry debris’.

• What’s the “Best Practice”? • What works on the widest range of debris? • Can a (different) 3rd PROCESS clean The 1st Time?

99 Food For Thought:

• Dry Cleaning works best for ‘wet contamination’ … it’s a mopping action

• Wet-to-Dry Cleaning works best for ‘dry debris’.

• What’s the “Best Practice”? • What works on the widest range of debris? • Can a (different) 3rd PROCESS clean The 1st Time?

100 The 3rd Process

• Recorded in Telcordia GR-2023-Core: 2011 – Identifies proper cleaning materials • Identifies a technique that under-uses high-performance fiber optic cleaners – Integrates and identifies a drying technique

• Applicable for all current cleaning tools and enhances their performance: more often than not, this 3rd procedure makes the product you select perform better.

101 THE 3RD TECHNIQUE USES A SMALL AMOUNT OF HIGH PERFORMING FIBER OPTIC CLEANER. This assures that the end face is not Yes, this may mean you “click it” more “flooded” with excessive cleaner that than once and you use two swabs can be trapped in the recesses of the instead of one! connector…including Zone-5 ➢ The technique is ‘Plan-B’ when video inspection is not THERE IS AN INTEGRATED DRYING available…or, you’ve cleaned it for STEP…THIS MEANS DIFFERENT 15 minutes and the “darned thing still is not clean” ! TECHNIQUES FOR VARIOUS TOOLS … BUT “DRYING IS ESSENTIAL” AS AN INTEGRAL STEP TO ACTUAL DEBRIS REMOVAL FROM THE END FACE.

102 Click to start 102 THE 3RD TECHNIQUE USES A Please YouTube® ”Ed Forrest” to view SMALL AMOUNT OF HIGH this informative PERFORMING FIBER OPTIC video. CLEANER. This assures that the end face is not “flooded” with excessive cleaner that can be trapped in the recesses of the connector…including Zone-5

103 Click to start 103 Did you ever wonder?

“Why” are there so many different cleaning products?

104

104 Fiber Optic Cleaning Product Confusion of Choice!

Compressed Dispensed Optical Lens Mechanical Cleaning Probe Swab Gas Dusters Cassettes Solvents Wipers,Tissues Tools… Cleaners Platforms Tools and and Precision Wipes ”Sticks”! Compressed Air

All contents © 2017 RMS (RaceMarketingServices) 105 ➢FiberWhat Optic if … Cleaning all of these Product productsConfusion! could Compressed Dispensed Optical Lens Mechanical Cleaning Probe Swab Gas Dusters Cassettes Solvents Wipers,Tissues Tools… Cleaners Platforms workTools better?and and Precision Wipes ”Sticks”! Compressed Air IEC 61300-3-35 enables the technician to clean ‘up to 5 times’ ➢ What if … all of these tools could work closer to The 1st Time … every time!

106 ➢FiberWhat Optic if … Cleaning all of these Product productsConfusion! could “WHAT IF” Compressed Dispensed Optical Lens Mechanical Cleaning Probe Swab Gas Dusters Cassettes Solvents Wipers,Tissues Tools… Cleaners Platforms workTools better?and and Precision Wipes ”Sticks”! Compressed A (slightly-different) procedure Air IEC 61300served-3-35 enables as a “safetythe technician net” in to thoseclean ‘up to 5 times’ times when the only method and ➢ What if … allprocedureof these was toolsto could work st closer to The“Blind 1 Clean”?Time … every time!

107 ➢FiberWhat Optic if … Cleaning all“W ofHAT these ProductIF” productsConfusion! could Compressed Dispensed Optical Lens Mechanical that Cleaning(slightlyProbe-different) procedureSwab Gas Dusters Cassettes Solvents Wipers,Tissues Tools… Cleaners Platforms workTools better?and and was common toPrecision all Wipes tools”Sticks”! and Compressed Air IEC 61300eliminated-3-35 enables confusionthe technician of to choice? clean ‘up to 5 times’ ➢ WhatWhat if … if:all “Precisionof these toolsCleaning could work closer to The 1stisTime … every time! a Process Change”?

108 No more “mythology”! Precision cleaning is: an applications specific process change….

109 This is how it goes:

Cleaning based on “SCIENCES OF CLEANING” not “product-of-the-month”. (Yes, the product you are using now … can work better!) The only thing I am “selling” is knowledge and experience!

110 What is the “Proof”?

In December-2014 I conducted an updated series of tests comparing contemporary cleaningWhy tools. is First Time Cleaning Important? Debris and Contamination included: 1. IBC® Tool 1.) Vegetable Oil 2. ClePen Tool™ 3. FerruleMate® The goal 2.)1.) 10 There-30w SAE Engineis the Oil logical answer: 4.“FerruleMateit’s a time-2 saver” … which it is. 5. Sticklers® 2.5mm Swabs tools 3.) Arizona Road Dust 6. ITW Chemtronics® 2.5mm was “First 2.) The other reason: Swab Tools 4.) Desert Dust from Afghanistan 7. QbE® Cleaning Platforms Time 5.) Jergens® hand lotion 8. Stickers® Clean Wipe Platform When/if the process cleans the9. HandiMate™ first time Platform, through a wideCleaning” range of 6.) Vegetablecontamination Oil and Arizona Road types Dust … it earns status as: “Best Practice”. 7.) 10W-30 Engine Oil and Desert Dust 8.) Hand Lotion and Arizona Road Dust Vendor-Neutral Testing

(This testing was inspired by a 2005 “Cisco Series” that also used “worst case debris” to establish “best practices”

111 What is the “Proof”?

In December-2014 I conducted an updated series of tests comparing contemporary OvercleaningWhy 90%tools. is First of the Time tools Cleaning worked Important better?… Debris and Contamination included: st 1.) Vegetable Oil cleaned The1. IBC® Tool 1 Time 2. ClePen Tool™ The goal 2.)1.) 10 There-30w SAE Engineis the Oil logical answer: 3.“FerruleMate®it’s a time saver” … which it is. 4. FerruleMate-2 3.) Arizona Road…with Dust the simple5. Sticklers® process 2.5mm Swabs toolschangewas “First 2.) The other reason: 6. ITW Chemtronics® 2.5mm 4.) Desert Dust from Afghanistan Swab Tools Time not included in the manufacturer’s7. QbE® Cleaning Platforms instructions. 5.) Jergens® hand lotion When/if the process cleans the8. Stickers® first timeClean Wipe, through Platform a wideCleaning” range of 6.)The Vegetable 2014contamination Oil Laband Arizona Tests Road confirmed types Dust … it earns9.whatHandiMate™ Istatus experienced Platform as: “Best when Practice”. I visited 7.) 10W‘you’-30 Engine (in Oil my and commercialDesert Dust -life) at your office, lab, or garage. 8.) Hand Lotion and Arizona Road Dust Vendor-Neutral Testing

(

112 What is the “Proof”?

In December-2014 I conducted an updated series of tests comparing contemporary cleaningWhy tools. is First Time Cleaning Important? OverDebris and 90%Contamination of included:the tools worked better…cleaned “Proof” also derived st 1.) Vegetable Oil The 11. IBC®Time Tool 2. ClePen Tool™ The goal 2.)1.)with 10 There-30w SAE development Engineis the Oil logical answer: of a 3. “ FerruleMate® it’s a time saver” … which it is . 4. FerruleMate-2 3.)new Arizona inspectionRoad Dust…with thedevice simple 5. Sticklers® process 2.5mm Swabs toolschange was “First 2.) The other reason: 6. ITW Chemtronics® 2.5mm 4.) Desert Dust from Afghanistan Swab Tools Time thatnot confirmed included in locations the manufacturer’s7. QbE® Cleaning Platforms instructions. 5.) Jergens® hand lotion When/if the process cleans the8. Stickers® first timeClean Wipe, through Platform a wide range of of debris on all 9. HandiMate™ Platform Cleaning” 6.)The Vegetable 2014contamination Oil andLab Arizona Tests Road confirmedtypes Dust … it earns what statusI experienced as: “Best when Practice”. I visited 7.)fiber 10W-30 Engineoptic Oil and surface Desert Dust types. ‘you’ (in my commercial-life) at your office, lab, or garage. 8.) Hand Lotion and Arizona Road Dust Vendor-Neutral Testing

(This testing was inspired by a 2005 “Cisco Series” that also used “worst case debris” to establish “best practices”

113 ‘Best Practice’ Techniques

1 2 “HOW TO PROPERLY MOISTEN ANY FIBER OPTIC CLEANING TOOL”

Always use a small amount of high performing fiber optic cleaner. No IPA!

1.) Moisten the cleaning platform surface

2.) Lightly moisten ‘reel cleaner’ tape

3.) Depress the probe tool to moisten the cleaning tip. Don’t activate … if it “cliks” 3 the solvent won’t be in the right place!! 4 4.) Hold the Probe or Swab tip in the moist area for a count of 1-2-3-4-5.

114 114 The fiber optic “precision cleaning motion” is a straight line action Moves debris away from the initial point of contact.

Using the cleaning platform or reel cleaner

1.) The surface is lightly moistened … ½” diameter of fiber optic cleaner is often enough! 2.) Clean from the back of the rack -or- Moisten the probe or swab tool tip

A “key benefit” of the large platform tools is the surface area enables you to “find the angle”. This assures the complete end face is clean. Debris is moved away from the initial point of contact and not circled and redistributed

115 Don’t: 1.) DON’T place a wiper over your 2 finger or in the palm of your hand. 1 Hand oils can transfer through the wiper to the end face.

2.) DON’T clean on a hard surface. A work table surface can ‘grind-grit’ 3 and damage the end face.

3.) DON’T “dunk”! Contemporary fiber optic grade cleaners are formulated to perform using MINIMUM QUANTITIES It is possible to use too much…

116 The “Figure-8” Motion is a “Polishing Action”

Fusion Splice Prep is not f End Face Cleaning e THE STARTING POINT OF THE MOTION. The “Figure-8” is ideal for 1 1 ➢ End face drawn “polishing” the end face a-to-b, c-to-d, e-to-f. after “re-term”. ➢ The motion starts again. 2 a ➢ THIS CAN CAUSE RECONTAMINATION. b 2 THE “CRITICAL JUNCTURE” While passing the end face through the Figure-8 d debris is removed and as the end face ‘crosses-over’ c it can be re-contaminated.

117 Conclusion Eliminate the Confusion!

✓ This group of products always used with precision What fiber optic solvents is Works! “Best-Practice” ✓ Which one? ✓ It is an ‘applications specific” decision. ✓ Like a Straight-Blade/Philips/Torx decision … contamination type and location reflects the final result. ✓ Ask your rep! ✓ Request Samples & Training ✓ Challenge the factory!

118 Conclusion Eliminate the Confusion!

✓ This group of products What always used with precision Don’t “dry clean” first …fiber always optic solvents use a is Works! “Best-Practice” ✓ Which one? small amount of fiber optic✓ Itgrade is an ‘applications cleaner specific” decision. THE FIRST TIME…EVERY✓ Like a TIMEStraight!-Blade/Philips/Torx decision … contamination type and location reflects the final result. ✓ Ask your rep! ✓ Request Samples & Training ✓ Challenge the factory!

119 The MYTHS of Cleaning Products

99.9%Tips “Reagent on How Grade” to Isopropanol Select Effective is an effective fiber optic cleaning solvent 99.9% IPA Precision Cleaning Products

120 The photographs in the following slides are from unbiased, vendor-neutral, formal laboratory testing. The MThereYTHS are otherof Cleaning studies, please Products inquire. (Special “thanks” to Chemtronics® for permission to use the images) 1.) The term “precision99.9% “Reagent hydrocarbon” Grade” is a generic Isopropanol label. Test, is study, an sample against youreffective anticipated fiber contamination. optic cleaning All are solvent NOT the same. Network Designers: include this term (or a brand name) in your “specs”. Reach out to cleaning companies. Manufacturer’s Reps, Distributors and producers: reach out to Designers, Trainers 3M HFE-7100 99.9% IPA 3M HFE-7100 99.9% IPA GreaseGrease and End Users. Animal Fat Based Cleaner Based Cleaner Precision Precision 99.9% IPA © 99.9%2.) IPA The term “HFE-7100” is a trade name for a 3M precision cleaner.Hydrocarbon ▪ ThereHydrocarbon are new solvents entering the market. 3 secondPersonally, I think “aqueous cleaners” have promise. ▪ “HFEAerosol-7100” Spray is formulated may be present in products you now use. NOT ALL “HFE-7100” cleaners are the same.

121 The MYTHS of Cleaning Products

99.9% “Reagent Grade” Isopropanol is an effective fiber optic cleaning solvent

Grease Animal Fat PRECISION PRECISION 99.9% IPA HYDROCARBON HYDROCARBON 3 second 99.9% IPA Aerosol Spray

122 The MYTHS of Cleaning Products

99.9% “Reagent Grade” Isopropanol is an effective fiber optic cleaning solvent

GreaseGrease Animal Fat 3M HFE-7100 Animal Fat 3M HFE-7100 Precision Precision 99.9% IPA Based Cleaner 99.9% IPA Based Cleaner Hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon 99.9% IPA 99.9% IPA 3 second Aerosol Spray

123 WHY IS THIS SCIENTIFICALLY 99.9% “Reagent Grade”ACCURATE IsopropanolAND TRUE is: NOT an effective

1. fiberIsopropanol optic alcohol cleaning (IPA) is a ‘polar solvent solvent’: it… is noreffective is the cleaning stuff ‘polar you soils’ buy such from as a finger printdrug or store!‘salts’. Read the labels…notice the moisture content

2. Precision Hydrocarbons, solvents based on 3M HFE-7100, DuPont® Vertrel® and some of the new Aqueous cleaners are designed to clean ‘Non-Polar’ soils such as pulling lubes, grease, hand lotions…the widest range you might99.9% imagine! IPA 3M HFE-7100 99.9% IPA GreaseGrease 3M HFE-7100 Animal Fat Based Cleaner 3. The “other problem” with IPABased is thatCleaner is it “hygroscopic”…it attracts moisture toPrecision itself rapidly, Precision 99.9% IPA 99.9% IPA Hydrocarbon degrading an already weak cleaningHydrocarbon solvent. Proper storage is an issue leading to degradation of the already weak cleaning chemical. 3 second ▪ If you can purchase 95-99.9% IPA in an aerosol container…it will stay fresher-longer. Aerosol Spray That said, it is still an ineffective and weak cleaner.

124 WHY IS THIS SCIENTIFICALLY BY THE WAY: 99.9% “Reagent Grade”ACCURATE IsopropanolAND TRUE is :NOT an effective fiber optic99.9% cleaning IPA is ‘acceptable’ solvent for … fusion nor issplice the stuff prep you …. buy from a 1. Isopropanol alcoholit’s (IPA) end faceis a ‘polar cleaning solvent’: that it suffers. is effective cleaning ‘polar soils’ such asdrug a finger store! print Read or ‘salts’. the labels…notice the moisture content There are superior non-IPA cleaners for ‘fusion splice 2. Precision Hydrocarbons, solvents based on 3M HFE-7100, DuPont® Vertrel® and someprep’ of the … new that Aqueous don’t induce cleaners moisture are designed into to the clean splice. ‘Non-Polar’ soils 99.9% IPA 3M HFE-7100 such99.9% as IPA pullingGrease Greaselubes, grease,3M HFE -hand7100 lotions…the widestAnimal range Fat you might imagine! 1. Reduce your chemical inventory … eliminate Based Cleaner Based Cleaner Precision 3. The “other problem” with IPAPrecision is that is it “hygroscopic”…99.9% IPA it attracts moisture to 99.9% IPAcross-application with the wrong cleaning solvents. Hydrocarbon itself rapidly, degrading anHydrocarbon already weak cleaning solvent. Proper storage is an 2. Use ones that follow: issue leading to3 second degradation of the already weak cleaning chemical. ▪ If you canAerosol“Worst purchase Spray Case 95-99.9% Leads IPA to in anBest aerosol Practice” container…it will stay fresher-longer. That said, it is still an ineffective and weak cleaner.

125 What else do you need to know about product selection?

Other “Myths of Cleaning”

126 What wiping material is better-best? 1.) Clean room grade microfiber 2.) Hydro-entangled cellulose/polyester 3.) 100% paper and Low Lint Cotton

“What did he “He just said just say, use just about Vern?” anything except paper and cotton!”

127 Other “Myths of Cleaning”

“Lint-Free Wipers and Swab Tools” Marketing Claims and Reality

Hydroentangled Conduct a cellulose/polyester is simple strong and far more sheer/tear ‘lint free’ than 100% test: “Beware of cotton or 100% paper The Fuzzies!” Note the elongation in this wiping material before it pulled apart. Perform this simple “pull & tear test” before you buy

128 Other “Myths of Cleaning”

“Lint-Free Wipers and Swab Tools” Marketing Claims and Reality There are significant alternatives to “cotton”. One is medical grade ‘foam’…and it’s a myth that There is no such foam is not acceptable! thing as “low lint” or “Beware of “lint-free” cotton The Fuzzies!” Others include clean room when it comes to microfibers. Some of the most precision cleaning. “Know what popular are ‘sintered’ or you are ‘pull-truded’ polyester. This includes cleaning buying” fusion splicers! Get the straight story from your suppliers! Sample and test before sending out a crew.

129 Other “Myths of Cleaning”

“The convenience of Probe Tools”

Don’t we all enjoy automation? Both “probe tools” Cleaning Tape Cleaning Thread are marketed as 2.5mm devices That’s right…the white surface to the left in the blue surround and the white surface to the right in the black surround is the actual cleaning surface of these tools. Which one will clean more?

130 Cleaning Tape

Remember this picture? Only a well-designed swab tool, lightly-moistened, will clean the alignment sleeve. Probe tools don’t clean alignment sleeves.

131 Other “Myths of Cleaning”

“IPA and “Optical” Presaturated Wipers” “Sure”, they are convenient! If the wiper is From $6.12 used for an / 10 wipes “IPA is IPA” “The alcohol is ideal as a “optical lens Do not use for general all-purpose cleaner surface”, it’s not and is safe on plastics, PC acceptable for end face Boards, connectors and fiber optics! cleaning. contacts, fiber optics, semi- Some actually have conductors, tape heads, surfactants: soap! office & medical equipment.”

132 Other “Myths of Cleaning”

“Fiber Optic Grade Cleaners” Marketing Claims and Reality

Remember the “problem of 99.9% Regent storage” This solvent attracts moisture Grade IPA into the ‘head room of the container. Reduces cleaning ability!

Pens, Pumps, Aerosols

133 Other “Myths of Cleaning”

ESTABLISH A “CHEMICAL AUDIT” PROGRAM

Why? Contemporary chemicals are “applications specific”

Example: ▪ You do not wash your hair with dish-washing soap ▪ Some chemical formulations may NOT be appropriate for fiber optic applications i.e.: too strong and not ‘plastic safe’ not strong enough so they leave a “residue”

134 Other “Myths of Cleaning”

“FiberESTABLISH OpticAChemical“C GradeHEMICAL AuditA Chart UDITCleaners”” PROGRAM ▪ Check carefully to understandMarketing Claimshow much, and Reality if any, IPA is a part of the fiber opticChemical cleanerWhy? Trade Name Contemporaryformulation! (A chemicalsDepartment little IPA <5% are is “ok”…a“applicationsApplication lot “not-so specific”-much”)Notes and 99.9% Regent Considerations ▪ ExampleThese products: will outperformRemember the “problem 99.9% of IPA on the 1.) Grade“FOC” IPAFiber Optic Cleaner storage”FTTh End face Cleaning May be used for (vast) majority of contaminationThis solvent attracts moisturetypes. fusion splice prep ▪ You do not wash yourinto hair the ‘head with room dish of the -washing soap ▪ 2.)They“RGI” are 99.9% not Reagent all the Grade same IPA. Requestcontainer.FTTh samples.Fusion Splice Prep Do not use for end ▪ Some chemical formulations may NOT be appropriate for fiber optic Test against your applicationsReduces cleaning specific ability! needs. face cleaning applications Someone is thinking: 3.) “GPD” General Purpose Degreaser Maintenance Brake cleaner “This doesn’t ▪ Start a note book.i.e.: too strong and not ‘plastic safe’ happen.” not strong enough so they leave a “residue” If it can…it will!

135 Other “Myths of Cleaning”

“Canned Air”

Read the It is not label…some of “breathable air” these are … it’s a gas. “flammable gas”

136 Other “Myths of Cleaning” “Canned Air”

What it can do: What it does not do: • Emit a damagingRead the freeze • RemoveIt is annot oily substance mist label…some of •“breathableBreak the static air” bond these are • Dry water damaged holding… it’s dusta gas. on the connectors…“flammablea reason gas” to have surface the container in your trailer!

137 Other “Myths of Cleaning”

What it can do: What it does not do: Read the It is not • Emit a damaging freeze • Remove an oily substance label…some of “breathable air” mist • Break the static bond these are Most… Compressed it’s a gas. Gas Dusters • Dry water damaged holdingcan emit dust a “freeze” on the spray. If you“flammable MUST use the gas” surface connectors…a reason to have This was the original intent: product…selectthe container in yourone trailer!with ‘all- defective component isolation way valves’ and high velocity.

138 Conclusion

“Proper” Product Selection assures “Best Results”

139 Conclusion

Inspection and Cleaning … of anything … is a well-established ‘SCIENTIFIC ROAD MAP’ that began 5,000 years ago with the invention of soap!

THIS ‘MAP’ is not often followed as fiber optic sciences evolved over the last 30+ years.

That was our discussion today…

140 Conclusion

Cleaning a connector surface is not limited to the ‘traditional end face’ There is more surface area to consider ‘Soil points’ cause primary and/or secondary cross-contamination

141 Conclusion

Why Waste Time? If the fiber optic surfaces are not cleaned, and Why “dry-clean first and then wet-to-dry clean cleaned properly, there is opportunity for: if that doesn’t work…” Always use a smallSignal amount loss of fiber optic grade precision Acleaner… trouble withcall all tools The FirstAn unhappy Time…Every client! Time.

142 Conclusion

“Best Process” is “Best Practice”!

143 The End! “Thank you for attending”

Questions, Challenges, or Comments?

Edward J. Forrest, Jr. “Ed” +770-971-8100 [email protected] www.fiberopticprecisioncleaning.com Please, email your contact information so I might update you from time to time.

144