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“I Am Afraid Americans Cannot Understand” the Congress for Cultural Freedom in France and Italy, 1950–1957
“I Am Afraid Americans Cannot Understand” The Congress for Cultural Freedom in France and Italy, 1950–1957 ✣ Andrea Scionti Culture was a crucial yet elusive battlefield of the Cold War. Both superpowers tried to promote their way of life and values to the world but had to do so care- fully. The means adopted by the United States included not only propaganda and the use of mass media such as cinema and television but also efforts to help shape the world of highbrow culture and the arts. The Congress for Cultural Freedom (CCF), an organization sponsored by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), offered U.S. policymakers and intellectuals the opportunity to provide indirect support for anti-Communist intellectuals without being openly associated with their activities. Although the CCF represented one of the main instruments for the United States to try to win the hearts and minds of postwar Europe, it also created new challenges for U.S. Cold War- riors. By tying themselves to the European intelligentsia, they were forced to mediate between different societies, cultures, and intellectual traditions. This article looks at the contexts of France and Italy to highlight this interplay of competing notions of anti-Communism and cultural freedom and how the local actors involved helped redefine the character and limits of U.S. cultural diplomacy. Although scholars have looked at the CCF and its significance, es- pecially in the Anglo-Saxon world, a focus on French and Italian intellectuals can offer fresh insights into this subject. The Congress for Cultural Freedom was the product of a convergence of interests between the CIA’s recently established Office of Policy Coordination (OPC) and a small number of American and European intellectuals, many of them former Communists, concerned about the perceived success of the Soviet cultural offensive in Western Europe. -
Racconto Autobiografico Di Eugenio Scalfari Letto Da Lorenzo Paliotta.Pdf
Racconto autobiografico di Eugenio Scalfari letto da Lorenzo Paliotta . In 120 pagine viene raccontata “una vita non serena, ma fortunata e felice”. Così Eugenio Scalfari fa il bilancio della propria esistenza in una memoria che l’abbraccia per intero: dalla casa dell’infanzia di fronte al mare di Civitavecchia dove nacque nel 1924, alle aule del ginnasio Mamiani di Roma dove ebbe come insegnante di lettere la giovane Laura Lombardo Radice, al liceo Cassini di Sanremo dove, con la complicità di Italo Calvino, il viaggio ebbe nel 1938 il suo consapevole inizio. Sanremo, quel liceo, gli amici che vi incontrò, gli autori e i libri che lesse, quei luoghi che si fissarono nella sua memoria e che frequentò per tre anni, il mare e la costiera di ponente, le colline terrazzate di viti e di ulivi, il dialetto e i cibi della Liguria: questi sono stati i luoghi, i tempi, i nomi dai quali è cominciata la Recherche di Scalfari che ancora oggi continua. Con Calvino ha condiviso il banco in seconda e terza liceo, con un sodalizio che durò cinque anni e che si interruppe quando la guerra divise l’Italia in due. Riprese nel ’45 ma entrambi erano cambiati, le loro strade si divisero anche se i rapporti formali si mantennero: Scalfari leggeva i libri di Calvino e questi leggeva i giornali che Scalfari aveva fondato, L’Espresso e poi la Repubblica. Negli ultimi anni della sua vita anche Calvino scrisse per Repubblica. Il rapporto Calvino-Scalfari è stato per ambedue un rapporto essenziale perché il nocciolo del loro modo di pensare e di sentire se lo formarono insieme. -
GEDI Gruppo Editoriale Società Per Azioni
GEDI Gruppo Editoriale Società per azioni Consolidated Non-Financial Statement pursuant to Italian Legislative Decree no. 254/2016 Sustainability Report 2019 Consolidated Non-Financial Statement 2019 Consolidated Non-Financial Statement pursuant to Italian Legislative Decree no. 254/2016 Sustainability Report 2019 1 Consolidated Non-Financial Statement 2019 2 Consolidated Non-Financial Statement 2019 Contents LETTER TO STAKEHOLDERS ..................................................................................................................... 4 1. THE GEDI GROUP ............................................................................................................................ 6 1.1 - GEDI Group profile ................................................................................................................................ 6 1.2 - The business model and economic performance ............................................................................... 15 1.3 - Structure and governance ................................................................................................................... 18 2. THE GEDI GROUP AND MATERIAL TOPICS ......................................................................................... 24 2.1 - Stakeholders and stakeholder engagement ........................................................................................ 24 2.2 - Materiality analysis ............................................................................................................................. -
University of Cambridge Faculty of Modern and Medieval Languages
University of Cambridge Faculty of Modern and Medieval Languages Popular Magazines in Fascist Italy, 1934 – 1943 A dissertation submitted by Manuela Di Franco Sidney Sussex College For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) April 2018 The dissertation examines the field of popular magazines in 1930s Italy, by first examining the broad field of magazine production under Fascism and then undertaking three case studies of individual magazines – L’Avventuroso (1934 – 1943), Omnibus (1937 – 1939), and Grazia (1938 –) – in order to build an in-depth analysis of the production, format and reception of the popular press in this period. In the interwar years, and in particular from 1934 onwards, innovative printing techniques and production methods transformed the periodical press worldwide. The emergence of new forms of illustrated magazines expanded the readership and started a process of standardisation and mass production of periodicals. The dissemination in Italy of the rotocalco, a new product aimed at the masses that was developed in the 1930s, offers a particularly interesting starting point for analysing the development of a modern Italian mass press and culture within the peculiar dynamics of a controlling Fascist regime and the mixed national and international forces that shaped it. Modern Italian magazines developed in dialogue with foreign industries, imitating models from abroad and adapting them to the Italian culture. The development of popular press in the 1930s represented a challenge for the Fascist regime, which approached it both as a threat and an opportunity to shape Italian popular culture. Through the analysis of three case studies, each from a key sector of popular press – comics, general cultural magazines, and women's magazines – and each produced by one of the three main publishing companies in the field – Nerbini, Rizzoli, and Mondadori – the dissertation aims to provide a detailed picture of the development of mass print culture in Italy during Fascism. -
'Public Policy
TheJoan Shorenstein Barone Center PRESS. POLITICS 'PUBLICPOLICY. HarvardUniversitY JohnF. KennedySchool of Government IrurnonucrroN Sylvia Poggioli, who coversItaly and, in these Silvio Berlusconi.They're in it for money and turbulent times, central and eastem Europefor power, probably in that order. And they're National Public Radio, was a Fellow at the |oan getting both. ShorensteinBarone Center on the Press,Politics In the process,there are problems. Many and Public Policy for the fall semesterof the Italians, even some in government/ are con- 1990-1991academic year. Her researchfocused cernedthat too much power may come to rest in on pressconcentration in ltaly, but her story too few hands.One official report said: "Power of could apply with equal drama to other European inJormation could be replacedby power over countries,too. information." Poggioli'sresearch strongly Across the continent, the winds of change suggeststhat the concern is valid. Investigative have beenblowing with unprecedentedforce. reporting into businessesor interests controlled Totalitarian communism has collapsed.Ger- by the Big-Fourhas been curtailed. Some stories many has been reunited. Economic integration of are simply off-limits. western Europehovers on the near horizon. In The Big-Fouralso effectively control the "Soviet the easta new (Jnion" arisesagainst a advertisingmarket in Italy-up to 80-85% of it. backdropof tenifying uncertainty. Everywhere A new entrepreneurwishing to establish an the old political and economicsystems are being additional television network, or a new newspa- transformed.It is then no surprise that newspa- per, will find it difficult to crack the advertising pers,radio and television stations, magazines, market, and thereforenext to impossible to publishing houses-the whole, complicated challengethe existing constellation of press network of masscommunication, so intimately power. -
Impegno Nero: Italian Intellectuals and the African-American Struggle
Impegno nero: Italian intellectuals and the African-American struggle Article Published Version Creative Commons: Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 Open Access Leavitt, C. L. (2013) Impegno nero: Italian intellectuals and the African-American struggle. California Italian Studies, 4 (2). ISSN 2155-7926 Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/36375/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . Published version at: http://escholarship.org/uc/ismrg_cisj?volume=4;issue=2 Publisher: University of California All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online Peer Reviewed Title: Impegno nero: Italian Intellectuals and the African-American Struggle Journal Issue: California Italian Studies, 4(2) Author: Leavitt IV, Charles L., University of Reading Department of Modern Languages School of Literatures and Languages Publication Date: 2013 Publication Info: California Italian Studies Permalink: http://escholarship.org/uc/item/6qn2w1cm Acknowledgements: This essay is part of a book in progress, one that examines representations of African Americans in Italy from the Risorgimento to the present day. Some of the project’s early research findings have been presented and discussed at the 2011 conference of the South Atlantic Modern Language Association and the Colby College Symposium on the Myth of America in Italian Culture, as well as the 2012 conferences of the Modern Language Association, the American Association of Italian Studies, the “Echi oltremare...” conference sponsored by N.E.V.I.S., and a 2013 colloquium at the University of Reading. -
Milan Newspaper Developments: Memcon
IL CORRIERE DELLA SERA Montanelli: il Corriere naviga in pessime acque, dal punto di vista economico, ma non collasserà. E' troppo importante. E' un'istituzione nazionale e quindi il governo lo salverà se proprio Rizzoli e Piero Ottone non dovessero trovare un nuovo finanziatore. E Repubblica? Montanelli: sono favorevole alla sua nascita, perché potrebbe giocare un ruolo molto costruttivo nella politica italiana. MILAN NEWSPAPER DEVELOPMENTS: MEMCON INDRO MONTANELLI, DIRECTOR IL GIORNALE, ENZO BETTIZA, FOREIGN POLICY EDITOR AND CONGE, SEPT 30, 1975, MILAN Date: Canonical ID: 1975 October 1, 15:30 (Wednesday) 1975MILAN01805_b Original Classification: Current Classification: CONFIDENTIAL UNCLASSIFIED Handling Restrictions: Character Count: -- N/A or Blank -- 4175 Locator: Executive Order: TEXT ON MICROFILM,TEXT GS ONLINE TAGS: BETTIZA, ENZO | CORRIERE | IL GIORNALE | IT - Italy Concepts: | MONTANELLI, INDRO | PFOR - Political Affairs-- DEBT REPAYMENTS | Foreign Policy and Relations | PINR - Political Affairs-- FINANCIAL CRISIS | Intelligence | PINT - Political Affairs--Internal Political NEWSPAPERS Affairs Enclosure: Type: -- N/A or Blank -- TE Office Origin: -- N/A or Blank -- Archive Status: Electronic Telegrams Office Action: ACTION EUR Markings: Margaret P. Grafeld From: Declassified/Released US Italy Milan Department of State EO Systematic Review 06 JUL 2006 To: Department of State | Italy Rome Content Raw content Metadata Raw source Print Share Find Show Headers 1. MONTANELLI WAS MUCH RELIEVED ABOUT THE OUTLOOK FOR IL GIORNALE. HE NO LONGER FELT THAT HE WAS ABOUT TO GO UNDER SINCE HIS FINANCING HAD BEEN FIRMED UP AGAIN. 2. THE SITUATION AT THE CORRIERE WAS DIFFERENT. IT WAS IN DEEP CRISIS. CEFIS WAS UNABLE (OR UNWILLING) TO CONTINUE TO UNDERWRITE ITS LOSSES. -
Uno Scandalo Italiano: L'espresso E Il Caso Sifar
UNO SCANDALO ITALIANO: L’ESPRESSO E IL CASO SIFAR di Luca Grimaldi* A chi c’è stato, c’è o ci sarà. Ho letto centinaia di libri, e non ho mai trovato una definizione del golpe, ma solo diversi modi di pratica del colpo di Stato. Aldo Bozzi Introduzione Gli anni Sessanta Primo capitolo Politica e società . Il polo internazionale . In Italia Secondo capitolo Il “Caso SIFAR” . Sotto la superficie . I Servizi Segreti . De Lorenzo e il SIFAR . Il Piano Solo . Conseguenze politiche e giudiziarie . Sviluppi futuri Terzo capitolo I giornali nel 1967 . L’espresso . Il tempo Postfazione Il generale della discordia Bibliografia Sitografia Emerografia INTRODUZIONE Gli anni Sessanta Gli anni Sessanta sono stati uno dei periodi più ricchi e fecondi di cambiamenti della storia italiana. Immediatamente successivi al boom economico, infatti, sono stati anni di profonde trasformazioni e di esperimenti politici che hanno mutato il panorama politico e sociale del nostro Paese. Negli anni Sessanta si è assistito al primo tentativo di realizzare il centrosinistra in Italia e, sul finire del decennio alle contestazioni operaie e studentesche. Sono stati anni di transizione tra l’immobilismo politico degli anni Cinquanta e il super attivismo, purtroppo degenerato nel crimine, degli anni Settanta. Sono stati anni contraddittori. E continuano ad esserlo ancora oggi nel giudizio di numerosi storici, che non sono concordi se ritenere questo decennio la grande vittoria della democrazia, con l’ingresso del PSI nelle compagini governative e le manifestazioni di piazza e la partecipazione diretta del popolo alla vita e alle esigenze della “cosa pubblica” o se considerare quelle stesse manifestazioni come l’espressione più alta del fallimento della capacità dei partiti di rispondere alle esigenze e alle domande della popolazione e quindi come un insuccesso della democrazia rappresentativa. -
Carlo Bavagnoli's and Mario Dondero's Photojournalism in the Neorealist Italy in the Post-Second World
Journal of Literature and Art Studies, February 2015, Vol. 5, No. 2, 141-150 doi: 10.17265/2159-5836/2015.02.006 D DAVID PUBLISHING Carlo Bavagnoli’s and Mario Dondero’s Photojournalism in the Neorealist Italy in the Post-second World War (1950-1959): An Uncensored Gaze Rita Ladogana University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy The article describes the activity of two Italian photographers: Carlo Bavagnoli (1932) and Mario Dondero (1928). In particular, it focuses on their debuts in the world of photojournalism in Italy since the early 1950s. First, it offers an overview of the national photographic research in the post-Second World War, underlining a significant evolution compared with the past and the complexity of the directions undertaken. Then, in the outlined context, it studies the work of the two photographers and their approach to a socially active photography, dwelling mainly on the relationships interwoven with the ruling publishing system. It also underlines the elements characterizing the nature of their reportages and the distance from an idea of image exploitation, derived from an always increasing interference of the political control over the images destined to mass communication. Both Dondero and Bavagnoli avoid any tendency to spectacularization and to the representative models typical of the common neorealist orientation, proposing an information founded on the effectiveness of narration, on the concreteness and immediacy of evidence; the first collaborations with the most progressive magazines testify the peculiarity of a method that both will coherently develop in the experiences matured outside the Italian context. Keywords: photojournalism, Italy, neorealism, Carlo Bavagnoli, Mario Dondero Introduction The Italian overview of photojournalism after World War II appears very complicated. -
'Veniamo Da Lontano E Andiamo Lontano': the Italian Left and The
Bulletin of Italian Politics Vol. 1, No. 2, 2009, 211-32 ‘Veniamo da Lontano e Andiamo Lontano’: The Italian Left and the Problem of Transition Phil Edwards Manchester Metropolitan University Abstract: A key challenge for the Italian Left is the problematic of ‘transition’: the enduring perception that Italy has not yet attained a state of democratic normality. The Left has suffered a series of setbacks and crises since the formation of the Democratic Party (Partito Democratico, PD) in 2007, thanks in large part to the adoption by PD leader Walter Veltroni of a novelty-oriented strategy which failed to address the ‘transition’ agenda. Veltroni’s successor, Pierluigi Bersani, has mobilised a formidable nationwide coalition of support for a more conservative approach, cutting across the ideological divisions which persist within the PD. However, Veltroni’s strategy has created enduring problems for his party, including the effective delegitimation of the far Left; only when this is remedied will a revival of the broader Left, and a successful engagement with the problems of transition, become possible . Keywords: Italian politics, Democratic Party, transition, democratic consolidation, Second Republic, post-Communist parties. Introduction 2009 was a disastrous year for the Italian Left, within and outside the Democratic Party (Partito Democratico, PD). In this paper I relate the difficulties faced by the Italian Left to the short-term effects of Walter Veltroni’s leadership of the PD, and to the longer-term perspective of a ‘transition’ from the First Republic to a state of democratic normality – a perspective closely connected with the prospects for the PD. I argue, firstly, that Veltroni’s strategy as leader was dangerously mistaken, causing long- term damage to the prospects of the Left and the PD itself. -
L'idea Di Una Italia Liberale Di Mario Pannunzio
artfolio Periodico trimestrale - International AM Edizioni - Anno XXV - N° III 2018 ARMANDO BRISSONI L’idea di una Italia Liberale di Mario Pannunzio (1910-1968) ed il carteggio con B. Croce 1945-1952 Contenuto scaricabile in formato PDF dal sito: www.aminternational.it artfolioPeriodico trimestrale - International AM Edizioni - Anno XXIV - N° III 2017 PR EC ED EN Armando Brissoni La svolta artistica col neoplasticismo “ De Stijl” e il suo centenario TI 1917-2017 artfolioPeriodico trimestrale - International AM Edizioni - Anno XXIV - N° IV 2017 artfolioPeriodico trimestrale - International AM Edizioni - Anno XXV - N° 1 - 2018 Armando Brissoni Per il 150° anniversario della nascita dell’architetto Frank Lloyd WRIGHT 1867-1959 ARMANDO BRISSONI Per il centenario della fondazione della rivista VALORI PLASTICI (Roma 1918-1921) artfolio periodico trimestrale d’attualità d’arte a cura della Pinacoteca AM international - Associazione Culturale Direttore responsabile: Elio Furina Direzione, Redazione: via Enrico Fermi 10, 89040 Bivongi (RC) Tel. +390964734705 E-mail: [email protected] Int. AM Edizioni - Aut. Tribunale di Locri n. 623-2/94 ISSN 1123-6132 La rivista viene inviata gratuitamente ai soci, alle biblioteche nazionali ed estere, istituti, musei, gallerie, artisti, collezionisti e ad un target di lettori selezionato direttamente dall’editore. Artfolio non si assume nessuna responsabilità per il contenuto degli articoli che impegnano esclusivamente i loro autori. Tutti i diritti sono riservati ai sensi delle vigenti leggi sui diritti -
The Historical Roots of Italian Right Wing Populism
Macalester College DigitalCommons@Macalester College Political Science Honors Projects Political Science Department 4-26-2016 Popular Discontents: The iH storical Roots of Italian Right Wing Populism Anthony Marshall Simone Macalester College Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/poli_honors Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Simone, Anthony Marshall, "Popular Discontents: The iH storical Roots of Italian Right Wing Populism" (2016). Political Science Honors Projects. 71. http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/poli_honors/71 This Honors Project is brought to you for free and open access by the Political Science Department at DigitalCommons@Macalester College. It has been accepted for inclusion in Political Science Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Macalester College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Popular Discontents The Historical Roots of Italian Right Wing Populism Anthony Marshall Simone Paul Dosh Political Science 4/26/16 Many people are beyond deserving of my thanks for helping me along the way, and for and undertaking such as this, I could not have done it without them. First, like any good Italian, no matter how diluted by multiple generations of Americanization, la mia famiglia. I want to give a special thank you to my mother and father for the unrivaled gifts of both an exceptional education and unconditional love. Next, I must thank the other scholars, experts, and reviewers for their generous gifts of their precious time. For many, this involved branching out of their comfort zones to explore the labyrinth of Italian politics. I must give special thanks to Paul Dosh, my advisor for this project, for his tireless efforts and endless good cheer.