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Resource Enhancement and Sustainable Aquaculture Practices in Southeast Asia 2014 (RESA) Challenges in Responsible Production of Aquatic Species Proceedings of the International Workshop on Resource Enhancement and Sustainable Aquaculture Practices in Southeast Asia 2014 (RESA) Maria Rowena R. Romana-Eguia Fe D. Parado-Estepa Nerissa D. Salayo Ma. Junemie Hazel Lebata-Ramos Editors Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center AQUACULTURE DEPARTMENT Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines www.seafdec.org.ph Challenges in Responsible Production of Aquatic Species Proceedings of the International Workshop on Resource Enhancement and Sustainable Aquaculture Practices in Southeast Asia 2014 (RESA) August 2015 ISBN: 978-971-9931-04-1 Copyright © 2015 Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center Aquaculture Department Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without the permission in writing from the publisher. For inquiries SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department Tigbauan 5021, Iloilo, Philippines Tel (63-33) 330 7030; Fax (63-33) 330 7031 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.seafdec.org.ph On the cover Logo design courtesy of Mr. Demy D. Catedral of SEAFDEC/AQD International Workshop on Resource Enhancement and Sustainable Aquaculture Practices in Southeast Asia (2014: Iloilo City, Philippines). Resource enhancement and sustainable aquaculture practices in Southeast Asia: challenges in responsible production of aquatic species : proceedings of the international workshop on resource enhancement and sustainable aquaculture practices in Southeast Asia 2014 (RESA) / Maria Rowena R. Romana-Eguia, Fe D. Parado-Estepa, Nerissa D. Salayo, Ma. Junemie Hazel L. Ramos, editors. -- Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines : Aquaculture Dept., Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2015, ©2015. xviii, 371 pages : illustrations (chiefly color), maps (some color). ISBN: 978-971-9931-04-1 1. Sustainable aquaculture -- Southeast Asia -- Congresses. 2. Aquatic resources conservation -- Southeast Asia -- Congresses. 3. Aquatic resources -- Southeast Asia -- Management -- Congresses. 4. Fish stocking -- Southeast Asia -- Congresses. 5. Hatchery releases -- Southeast Asia -- Congresses. I. Romana-Eguia, Maria Rowena R., editor. II. Parado-Estepa, Fe D., editor. III. Salayo, Nerissa D., editor. IV. Lebata-Ramos, Ma. Junemie Hazel, editor, V. SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department. SH 136 .S88 I58 2014 DLS2015-01 We are all aware of the increasing pressure on our coastal resources to supply food and income to many people living in the coastal areas in the region. Signs of over-exploitation of many important marine resources are evident. The fishermen’s daily catch has dwindled and the sizes of their catch have become smaller; they now have to go farther and spend a longer time at sea to get some catch. This means that the rate of extracting the natural resources is faster than their capability to reproduce and replenish themselves. This imbalance of resource extraction and natural recruitment will ultimately result in the extinction of many of these important species. Management measures need to be properly implemented to allow the resource to recover and continue to support future generations. In addition, aquaculture practices that take into consideration the health of the environment need to be promoted to ensure the sustainability of the activity and maximize benefits for all in the long term. With financial support from the Government of Japan Trust Fund, experts and representatives from SEAFDEC member countries were gathered in a workshop to share experiences and exchange ideas on resource enhancement and sustainable aquaculture practices. The proceedings of the workshop are contained in this publication. This will be helpful as a guide and as an additional source of information to those who are embarking on or engaged in resource enhancement and aquaculture activities. Felix G. Ayson, DSc. Chief, SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department iii It is with pleasure that we launch the proceedings of the “International Workshop on Resource Enhancement and Sustainable Aquaculture Practices in Southeast Asia”, held in Iloilo City from 5 to 7 March 2014. This international workshop aimed to promote and augment regional initiatives on resource enhancement and sustainable aquaculture practices, and to contribute to poverty alleviation, livelihood and food security. A total of 149 participants attended the workshop, composed of aquaculture and resource enhancement experts, scientists, representatives and observers from 11 Member Countries of SEAFDEC. It also featured 42 oral presentations and 15 poster papers. This meeting was organized through the funding support of the Government of Japan. The relationship of resource enhancement, sustainable aquaculture and healthy environment is vital to the future development and sustainability of fisheries and aquaculture. For sustainable aquaculture, we have to consider not only fish biomass for feeds, and broodstock for seeds in natural resources, but also the healthy environment for their habitats. Stock releases in the wild for enhancing depleted aquatic populations, are one of the effective ways to increase our natural resources. I hope that this proceedings will be utilized for the dissemination and promotion of environment-friendly resource enhancement and sustainable aquaculture in the Southeast Asian region. Takuro Shibuno, Ph.D. Deputy Chief and GOJ Trust Fund Co-Manager v The Aquaculture Department of the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC/AQD) implemented regional programs on Resource Enhancement of Internationally Threatened and Over-exploited Species in Southeast Asia through Stock Release (or Resource Enhancement) and Promotion of Sustainable and Region-Oriented Aquaculture Practices (Sustainable Aquaculture), these being important programs under the Fisheries Consultative Group of the ASEAN-SEAFDEC Strategic Partnership (FCG/ASSP) Mechanism. These R&D programs along with other two regional programs on Fish Health and Food Safety, were conducted from 2010 to 2014 with financial support from the Government of Japan (GOJ-Trust Fund). In March 2014, SEAFDEC/AQD, organized an international workshop on Resource Enhancement and Sustainable Aquaculture (RESA) Practices in Southeast Asia at Iloilo City, Philippines, as the milestone of these aforementioned regional programs. The workshop gathered several distinguished local and international speakers and about 150 participants from 14 countries comprising of national and local government officers, academicians, as well as industry stakeholders. It was a great opportunity for the participants to exchange timely information and discuss research gaps and issues on broad topics under RESA practices in the Southeast Asia to reduce poverty and secure livelihood in the region through further development of fisheries and aquaculture. As the program manager who launched these regional programs in 2010 and the chairperson of the said international workshop, I am so happy that the invaluable information included in this proceedings with full papers orally presented at the workshop, have become available for use as reference by students, fisherfolks, aqua-farmers, practitioners, researchers, policy makers, etc. Taking this opportunity, please allow me to say thank you very much to the authors for their respective contribution to this proceedings. I would also like to express my sincerest acknowledgements to Dr. Ma. Rowena R. Eguia, Dr. Fe Dolores Parado-Estepa, Dr. Nerissa Salayo, Dr. Junemie Lebata-Ramos and other editorial staff of this proceedings for their hard work to launch this issue after I left Iloilo as I ended my term in March 2014. Finally, I hope for the further development of RESA practices in Southeast Asia, and I wish to believe that this proceedings will make a great contribution to the pursuit of that aim. Teruo Azuma, Ph. D. Former Deputy Chief, SEAFDEC/AQD Director, Fisheries Technology Division, National Research Institute of Fisheries Engineering, Fisheries Research Agency of Japan vii By Dr. Chumnarn Pongsri, SEAFDEC Secretary-General At the International Workshop on Resource Enhancement and Sustainable Aquaculture Practices in Southeast Asia, 5-7 March 2014, Iloilo City, Philippines This Workshop is important as it reiterates the critical fisheries scenario faced by the Southeast Asian region as well as at the global level where the supply of fish and fishery products has been limited by the deterioration of fishery resources and habitats; however, it should be noted that the demand side has continued to increase over the years. The situation on deterioration of fishery resources has called for improved utilization of fishery resources in a more responsible and sustainable manner. Several initiatives were undertaken by countries in the Southeast Asian region toward this, both on the aspect of capture fisheries and aquaculture. For aquaculture, initiatives undertaken in the region cover ranges of R&D to come up with appropriate aquaculture technologies; aquatic animal health management including disease surveillance and control; safe use of chemicals and antibiotics in aquaculture; research on alternative protein sources for aquaculture; and development and application of appropriate quality assurance systems in order to comply with requirements of importing markets, etc. In addition to direct production
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