The Conservation of Textile Cultural Properties in Japan

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The Conservation of Textile Cultural Properties in Japan The Conservation of Textile Cultural Properties in Japan Independent Administrative Institution National Institutes for Cultural Heritage Tokyo National Research Institute for Cultural Properties National University Corporation Saga University This is a report on the symposium on “The Conservation of Textile Cultural Properties in Japan” that was held on July 29, 2017 (Sat.) jointly by Independent Administrative Institution National Institutes for Cultural Heritage Tokyo National Research Institute for Cultural Properties and National University Corporation Saga University. The symposium was held to commemorate the signing of an agreement for a joint study on the conservation of historic textiles and other cultural properties between the two institutions. The publication contains the keynote presentation by a researcher from the Agency for Cultural Affairs and presentations by researchers affiliated with the National Institutes for Cultural Heritage (Tokyo National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Tokyo National Museum, Kyoto National Museum). The report as a whole is compiled in Japanese but provides an English translation of each presentation. Contents Opening Greetings: As a Foreword to the Symposium (Japanese) ················· Tomoko Kosaka 1 Purpose of the Symposium and an Overview of the Joint Study (Japanese) Shunsuke Nakayama 2 Keynote Presentation: Japan’s Cultural Property Protection System (Japanese & English) ····························································································· Eriko Koshiishi 4 The Conservation and Restoration Planning of Textiles at Kyoto National Museum (Japanese & English) ···································································· Aki Yamakawa 12 The Conservation and Restoration Planning of Textiles at Tokyo National Museum (Japanese & English) ···································································Yuzru ha Oyama 30 The Conservation Process of Textiles at Kyushu National Museum (Japanese & English) ······ ···························································· Ayumi Harada, Satoshi Shiga, Yuka Ohashi 45 Modern Textiles and International Cooperation (Japanese & English) ······· Shunsuke Nakayama 51 Recording Textile Techniques at Tokyo National Research Institute for Cultural Properties (Japanese & English) ··················································································· Riyo Kikuchi 61 Closing Greetings (Japanese) ·························································· Emiko Yamanashi 68 ・Reference Materials (Japanese) Overview of the Research Society (Japanese) ························································· 69 ・Future Vision and Issues (Japanese) ························································ Mie Ishii 71 * The English translations have been provided by Global Works Corporation and proofed by Mami Matsuda and Mie Ishii. Note that the same Japanese terms may be translated into different English terms depending on the presentation, to avoid misunderstanding with due respect to the views of each speaker. 開会挨拶−序にかえて 佐賀大学芸術地域デザイン学部長 小坂 智子 2017 年 2 月に、国立大学法人佐賀大学は、独立 本日、諸先生方にご講演いただくことは、佐賀錦 行政法人東京文化財研究所と、「染織品を中心とす や鍋島段通といった染織文化を育んできた佐賀の地 る文化財の保存にかかる共同研究」の締結を行いま に学ぶ学生たちにとって、染織文化財の保存を学び、 した。これは東京文化財研究所文化遺産国際協力セ 考える素晴らしい機会となることでしょう。同時に、 ンターの中山俊介センター長と、本学芸術地域デザ 共同研究の推進に向けて大変良いスタートを切らせ イン学部石井美恵准教授が中心となって進められま ていただくことができることに、関係者の方々にお した。この共同研究が、これから先どのような実を 礼を申し上げて、私のごあいさつとさせていただき 結んでいくのかというのが肝要なところです。そこ ます。本日はどうぞよろしくお願いいたします。 で、キックオフ研究集会を行うこととなりました。 本日は、東京文化財研究所から山梨副所長にお越 しいただきました。今日お話しいただく東京文化財 研究所の中山先生、文化庁美術学芸課の輿石先生、 京都国立博物館の山川先生、東京国立博物館の小山 先生、そして、東京文化財研究所の菊池先生にもこ こ佐賀まで、足を運んでいただきました。予報最高 気温 36 度の暑い佐賀まで来ていただきましたこと、 心より御礼申し上げます。 こうした研究集会が開催できることは、2016 年 4 月に開設されたばかりの芸術地域デザイン学部に とっては大変喜ばしいことです。本学部は「芸術で 地域を拓き、芸術で世界を拓く」を掲げ、芸術を通 して地域創生に貢献する人材、地域活性化や国際化 という喫緊の課題に貢献することのできる、感性豊 かな人材の育成を目的としています。 本学部が構想された背景には、佐賀県立有田窯業 大学校と佐賀大学との統合があり、さらには、佐賀 大学の強みといえる美術・工芸教育の 60 年余りの 伝統があります。一方で、現代の日本においては、 地方創生や文化芸術立国が求められ、芸術的感性や 視点を有し、芸術を総合的にマネジメントし、プロ デュースすることができる人材育成が課題とされて います。本学部の地域デザインコース・キュレーショ ン分野では、博物館学芸員を養成するとともに、文 化財に関わるさまざまな領域のことを学び、文化財 保護に携わる人を育成します。 こうした人材を育てるためには、何よりもその土 台となる研究が必要です。共同研究に関する協定は その礎となるものです。 1 趣旨説明及び共同研究について 東京文化財研究所 文化遺産国際協力センター長 中山 俊介 昨年度、佐賀大学芸術地域デザイン学部と東京文 思いますが、一番は価値が認められなかったこと、 化財研究所は、染織文化財等の保存に関する共同研 次にはそうした染織品の修復を専門に行う技術者の 究を締結いたしました。この共同研究を締結させて 数が極端に少ないことがあり、修復あるいはメンテ いただくに当たり、東京文化財研究所としてはこれ ナンスをするにもどの様にすれば良いかわかってい まで調査研究してきました伝統的な染織品の保存と なかったことが挙げられます。現在佐賀大学の准教 修復に加えて、近代に制作された列車や自動車など 授をされている石井先生はそうした数少ない染織品 にも使われております染織品も含んだ染織文化財の の修復家のお一人です。今回この共同研究をスター 保存と修復、さらには海外に残されている染織品の トさせていただいた背景には石井先生が佐賀大学に 保存と修復に関する国際協力に関して協力いただき いらっしゃるということも理由の一つです。 たいというニーズがありました。 東京文化財研究所文化遺産国際協力センターは、 一方、佐賀大学では、昨年立ち上げられた芸術地 海外にある文化遺産の保護と修復に関して協力をさ 域デザイン学部におきまして、芸術を通して地域創 せていただいている部署になりますが、紙、漆、加 生に貢献する人材の養成を目指しておられるという えて染織品というこの 3 つの分野に関して海外で保 ことで、その中でも染織文化財に関する保存や修復 存や修復などに関するワークショップを開催させて あるいは取り扱いなど、これまで学ぶ機会が少な いただいております。この中の染織品に関しては、 かった分野に関して新たに触れる機会、あるいは学 石井先生にご協力いただいております。また石井先 ぶ機会をつくろうとされており、それが佐賀大学の 生なしには成立しないプロジェクトと言ってもよい 将来ある若い学生の皆さまの職業、あるいは将来を と思います。 選ぶ上で選択の幅が広がることにつなげていけると 前述したように染織品の保存と修復に携わる方が いう思いをお持ちでした。そこに東京文化財研究所 少ないのは事実ですが、その様な状態でも、なかな が、協力させていただけるという判断の下に締結さ かそうした方々が一同に介してお話をいただく機会 せていただいた共同研究です。 というのはこれまであまりありませんでした。今回、 本共同研究のキックオフとしてお招きしてお話いた 文化財というものは、多種多様な素材で形作られ だく講師の先生方は、それぞれ、国内で染織品の保 ているものが一般的です。中には単一の材料で出来 存と修復を担っておられる皆様です。今回は非常に 上がっているものもありますが、多くは、複合的な 貴重な機会だと言うことができます。この機会にそ 材料で構成されております。そのような中に染織品 れぞれの先生方から所属されておられる博物館の保 も当然含まれます。染織品と申しましても、服の形 存、展示手法や修復の現状をご紹介いただきなが をしているものばかりではありません。壁や天井の ら、それぞれの違いを認識し、それをもとにさらに 装飾、床に敷かれたカーペット、窓にかかるカーテ 良い方向へ進んでいければと思います。また、欲を ンあるいはソファーなどの表地であったりします。 言えば、それが日本の中の染織品の保存と修復のス そのようなものに関してこれまであまり注意が向け タンダードへ育っていけば良いと思っています。も られてきたとは言えません。そのよい例として近代 ちろん一足飛びにそんなものができるとは思ってお 文化遺産として重要文化財に指定されている1号御 りませんし、それなりの時間もかかることと思いま 料車の内装があります。装飾品として認識はされる す。また、必ずしも手法は一つでなくても良いかも もののそれ自体の価値を認められてこなかったため しれません。しかしながら、それぞれの違いを認識 に顧みられることなく痛みっぱなしという状況であ しながら良い部分は取り入れるというステップがな りました。もちろん、これは様々な要因があるとは ければ、進歩もしません。そういう意味で、今回の 2 この研究会が皆さんの役に立つことを強く望んでい ます。 さて、東京文化財研究所では世界の幾つかの地域 でワークショップを開催していると前述しました。 今年も染織品に関しては、台湾とアルメニアにおい て染織品の保存と修復に関するワークショップを開 催します。そのようなワークショップを開催してみ て気付くのは、ワークショップへ参加を希望する方 の多さです。和装の装束を所蔵されている博物館や 美術館の担当者の方はもちろんですが、対象とする 作品が大礼服のような洋装であっても参加されたい と希望される方がたくさんおられます。洋装に関し てはヨーロッパなどの方がよほど進んでいるのでは ないかと思いますが、実はなかなかこういう機会は ないようです。そのような背景もあり、たくさんの 皆さんの参加希望をいただいたわけです。我々も、 これまでこの手のワークショップが開催されている のかリサーチしたことがなかったので、実態をきち んと把握しているとは言えませんが、このような ワークショップのニーズは高いのだという認識は持 てました。 今回の研究会を端緒として、これからも類似の研 究会を開催しながら染織文化財の今後を見つめてい きたいと思います。 最後になりましたが今日、この場に来ていただい ている皆さま方、ご講演いただく先生方、小坂先生 をはじめとする佐賀大学の関係者の皆さま方のご協 力にお礼申し上げます。 3 Keynote Presentation: Japan’s Cultural Property Protection System Eriko Koshiishi Fine Arts Div., Cultural Properties Dept., Agency for Cultural Affairs I specialize in textiles within the craftwork section of the Fine Arts Division, Agency for Cultural Affairs. Here, I will discuss about textiles with reference to a number of specific case studies carried out by the government’s protection of cultural properties. Cultural properties can refer to buildings, traditional techniques, or a large variety of other cultural assets, but the focus of my presentation will be on works of fine arts and crafts. I will first talk about the principle of cultural property protection, followed by a description of the present status of the system for the protection of cultural properties. Then in closing, I will discuss future prospects, in terms of what sort of protection framework will be needed and what we must do in the future. The Principle and History of Cultural Property Protection Cultural properties are invaluable public assets that were born within a country’s long history and that have been safeguarded and passed down to this day. They are also assets that are indispensable to accurately understand the history and culture of one’s own country. Therefore, we, the Japanese people of today, must preserve and pass down our cultural properties to future generations. If our cultural properties were to be lost, we would lose our identity altogether, with nothing to show what kind of country Japan is or what kind of race the Japanese people are. This principle underlies the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties. Today, I would like to take this opportunity to consider anew why this law was enacted, and to think about how cultural properties should be protected in the future. The Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties was enacted in 1950. As stated in Article 1 of the Law, its purpose is to “preserve and promote cultural property objects so that the cultural quality of the nation can be enhanced, thereby contributing to the evolution of world culture.” In other words, it places weight on preserving and promoting cultural properties. We cannot discuss the present law without turning our eyes to the historical background against which the law was enacted. Its history goes back to the late Edo Period and the Meiji Period. I will not go into the details here due to time constraints, but in short, social manners and customs in Japan underwent a dramatic transformation after the Meiji Restoration, and there emerged a general tendency to make light of the traditional culture of Japan, such that cultural properties were readily discarded or sold off. However, learned individuals who harbored a concern for this situation took action to protect Japan’s cultural properties, and the move for cultural property protection gradually gathered momentum. 4 Finally, the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties was enacted in 1950. It gained a boost
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