GCPV the BBC Coverage of German Occupied Poland .Pdf

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German Camps, Polish Victims:

The BBC coverage of German-occupied Poland

By Jan Niechwiadowicz And The Polish Media Issues group

First published in 2012 by Support Poland Limited

49, Castle Rise, Rumney, Cardiff CF3 4BB, Wales

www.supportpoland.org

www.germancampspolishvictims.info

ISBN 978-1-909028-00-5 (Hard) ISBN 978-1-909028-01-2 (Soft) ISBN 978-1-909028-02-9 (e-Book)

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in electronic form, or transmitted, in any form or by any means including photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of Support Poland Limited or the Polish Media Issues group.

Contents

Contents ...... 7

Summary ...... 9

Foreword ...... 9

Acknowledgement ...... 10

Introduction ...... 11

BBC commitment not to use ‘Polish camp’ terminology ...... 13

What is the correct term for the German camps in occupied Poland? ...... 15

Poland was occupied during World War Two ...... 16

BBC coverage of the Channel Islands in WWII ...... 17

BBC coverage of France in WWII ...... 17

BBC coverage of the Poland in WWII ...... 18

The location and ethnicity of the crimes ...... 18

Other crimes in ‘Poland’ ...... 18

Ethnicity of the criminals...... 19

The camps without Germans ...... 19

BBC audience’s knowledge of WWII ...... 20

Ethnic Poles were victims in the German camps ...... 21

Comparison to others who suffered ...... 21

Effects on the BBC audience ...... 22

Focus of the report ...... 22

Conclusion ...... 23

Recommendations ...... 23

References ...... 25

Appendix A – BBC description of the German camps in occupied Poland ...... 27

Appendix B – Others using the BBC to describe the German camps ...... 28

Appendix C – Other misleading terms used on the BBC website...... 29

Appendix D – Data on Channel Islands ...... 30

Appendix E – Data on Poland ...... 34

Appendix F – Data on Germany ...... 44

Appendix G – Expert opinion on the naming of the camps ...... 45

Appendix H – Data on France...... 51

Appendix I – Prisoner of War camps in German-occupied Poland ...... 56

Appendix J – Pogroms in Poland ...... 57

Appendix K – Pogroms outside Poland ...... 58

Glossary ...... 60

Index ...... 61

German Camps, Polish Victims: The BBC coverage of German-occupied Poland

Summary

This report outlines three key issues with the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and their coverage of German-occupied Poland in World War II (WWII). Specifically, that they have failed to live up to their commitment not to use insulting terms that imply Poles were responsible for the German concentration and death camps. Poland is treated differently to other countries when it comes to describing the occupation and responsibility for the crimes committed. Finally, the BBC regularly fails to list Poles as victims in the German camps when in fact they constituted the second largest number of victims.

Foreword

David Jan Niechwiadowicz is a United Kingdom (UK) based member of the Polonia currently living in Wales. He works for a university‘s internal computer department and before that for various companies as an IT consultant specialising in business intelligence and high-end database sectors.

For the last seven years, Jan has, in his spare time, acted as moderator of the Polish Media Issues (PMI) group. This group has tried to deal with more than 1,000 media issues. Most of these media issues are related to the Second World War.

This has placed Jan in a unique position to use the data record over these years to produce a series of reports on the media and their coverage of Poland.

Jan has presented two lectures on related topics: My six year fight against the expression “Polish Concentration Camps” and Negative stereotypes of Poles in the UK. He is currently working on the next report, which looks at the British national newspapers and their coverage of German-occupied Poland. Jan was awarded Człowiek Roku (Man of the Year) by Dziennik Polski and their patron the Polish Embassy in the United Kingdom for his work in combating poor media coverage against Poles and Poland.

Further details can be found at www.germancampspolishvictims.info including copies of his previous work and details of his planned future work.

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Acknowledgement

This report and its printing could not have been possible without the sponsorship of AMOPOD, Bożena Karol, Małgorzata Tarchała, Elizabeth Niechwiadowicz and Support Poland Limited.

My thanks go to Danuta Janina Wójcik and Małgorzata Tarchała for the photographs. Further I am very grateful to Polskie Studio for the logo design and for building the website.

Finally, appreciation must go to those who contributed their ideas, checked the statistics and proofread the material, especially Włodzimierz Mier-Jędrzejowicz, Jan Mokrzycki, Elizabeth Niechwiadowicz, Robert Szaniawski, Peter Browne, Tara Foss, Bob Lamming, Victor Woldanowski and Marek Laskiewicz.

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German Camps, Polish Victims: The BBC coverage of German-occupied Poland

Introduction

This is the first of a series of reports on how the media cover German-occupied Poland during WWII, especially about the camps imposed on Poland. This report focuses on the suffering of ethnic Poles, but hopefully future booklets will look at how other Polish citizens, such as Polish Jews are portrayed.

The BBC is the one of the largest and most important media organisations in the world. As a result, it was selected as the subject of the first report. The focus is on the BBC website and how it portrays crimes committed by Germans in occupied Poland, especially the Nazi German death camps, and how they depict the occupation of Poland and whether Poles are named as victims in the camps.

Germany was responsible for suffering on an almost unbelievable scale including the Jewish Holocaust and the atrocities in the German concentration camps. Despite this being an historical fact, it is increasingly being said that Poles were responsible for the Holocaust or took an active part in causing the suffering of others. Some experts covering the history of WWII have even noted that the Germans have all but been replaced by the Poles.

To explore if the BBC is unbiased with their coverage of Poland, the following countries and groups were selected for comparison: The Channel Islands, Germany and France plus male homosexuals and the disabled.

The report reviews if the BBC is living up to its commitment not to use misleading and insulting terms about the camps, e.g. ‗Polish concentration camp‘.

This report contains the investigation of the BBC coverage of the Channel Islands and France to see if it differs from that of Poland. It looks to see which of these countries is labelled as occupied by the Germans and it checks if the BBC describes the ethnicity of the criminals in the different countries.

Finally, it checks which victims of the German concentration camps the BBC regularly include; ethnic Poles as the second largest group to suffer after the Jews should be amongst those regularly selected.

This report includes BBC articles on their website up to 31st December 2011. In total 532 articles were used to form the statistics used. This includes 4 articles which have been withdrawn.

From this it is hoped to learn what the BBC‘s policies are towards German-occupied Poland to ensure that the British public are not being misled as to who was responsible for the atrocities and that the BBC is not contributing to the shifting of blame from Germany to Poland.

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German Camps, Polish Victims: The BBC coverage of German-occupied Poland

BBC commitment not to use ‘Polish camp’ terminology

The BBC made a commitment not to use terms implying that the Poles ran the camps which were actually built and run by the Germans during WWII.

The Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum stated that using German for the camp is the correct term. After the BBC used an incorrect term to describe the camps in German- occupied Poland, the museum received ‗an assurance that its [BBC] staff would not utter such nonsense in the future‘.1

Dr Mokrzycki, the then President of the Federation of Poles in Great Britain, confirmed there was an understanding not to talk about ‗Polish‘ concentration camps during WWII.2

Seven years after making this commitment, the BBC continues to use these insulting statements that suggest that Poland was responsible for the German camps in occupied Poland. The last mention prior to finishing this report was on 2nd December 2011.3

The BBC has used a number of different terms that imply the Poles were responsible for the German camps. These include ‗notorious Polish death camp‘ in 2011, ‗Polish concentration camp‘ from 2010 and ‗Poland‘s Nazi-era concentration camp‘ used in 2009. As a result, these camps appear to have been run by the Poles. See Appendix A for examples.

When the BBC is challenged about the usage of such terms, the complaints have been ignored, the BBC has justified their position as being correct, some articles have been partially altered, and others have been withdrawn without an apology or correction.

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The BBC website is also used by the public to spread such claims that the Poles were responsible for the German camps. Appendix B has examples.

Further, the BBC uses confusing terms such as ‗Polish Holocaust survivor‘ or ‗Polish Holocaust victims‘. These are meant to mean a Pole who suffered in the German-run Holocaust but could be taken to mean victims of a Polish-run Holocaust. Another issue that can be found at the BBC is to call the German-created ghettoes for Jews as if they were created by the Poles, e.g. ‗Polish ghetto‘. Examples of these issues are in Appendix C.

The following chart lists the issues by type (based on appendices A, B & C).

Camp issues by type

Concentration Death POW Work Ghetto Survivor/Victims

29% 37%

10%

8% 13% 3%

To avoid confusion, it is standard to refer to the camps as Nazi, German, or Nazi German. There is agreement to this standard by independent communications regulators such as Ofcom in the UK and the Canadian Broadcast Standards Council; press watchdogs including the Australian Press Board and Ontario Press Council; governments especially of Israel and Poland but also of Canada; the United Nations; leading Jewish organisations such as the American Jewish Committee and Anti-Defamation League; plus key academic institutions including Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum.

In the Channel Islands, the majority of camps are referred to as German (69.2%) (Appendix D). In Germany, the camps are described by the BBC as Nazi or, rarely, German. In Poland, they often lack any context due to the failure to reference the Germans or even the Nazis in many cases. Appendices E & F hold the data for the charts.

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German Camps, Polish Victims: The BBC coverage of German-occupied Poland

Labelling of camps in occupied Poland by number of articles

German

Nazi & German

No label

Nazi German

Nazi

In Poland

0 20 40 60 80 100

Labelling of camps in Germany by number of articles

Other

German

Nazi

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

The BBC website even has a claim that German camps outside Poland were in Poland. Mauthausen Concentration Camp, which was in Upper Austria, is claimed on the website that it was ‗another camp in Poland‘.4

What is the correct term for the German camps in occupied Poland?

The effect of this mislabelling is that people are confused about the role Poland played during WWII, as these terms merge the location with the perpetrators. There is a slow but sure shifting of guilt by association of Poland with the camps.

This misleading terminology is so widespread that Poles are replacing the Germans as the perpetrators of the crimes. This is particularly hurtful, as unlike most other occupied countries, Poland had no collaborationist government or volunteer divisions in the Waffen SS. Poland is incorrectly portrayed as a perpetrator-nation but this is not true. Instead Poland was a key member of the Allies throughout the war fighting the Axis powers.

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Many Jewish organisations and their representatives such as the Anti-Defamation League, World Jewish Congress, Yad Vashem Institute, American Jewish Committee, Union of Religious Jewish Communities in Poland, and the International Network of Children of Jewish Holocaust Survivors have spoken out against the terms used by the BBC.

After using such terms most media outlets such as ABC, CNN, CTV, Die Welt, France 24, The Guardian, The Telegraph and The Times have apologised. In contrast, the BBC is amongst the few which regularly ignore the complaints of their audience.

Experts say the correct label for the camps are German or Nazi German and they should never be described as Polish or Poland‘s.

See Appendix G for supporting material including selected quotes of those who have spoken out against incorrect terms and called for better coverage of Poland during WWII.

Poland was occupied during World War Two

The BBC website has numerous articles about Poland during WWII. Many of these articles have no reference to the German occupation. In fact, only 20% of articles refer to the occupation in Poland.

Without adequate knowledge, the audience cannot possibly understand the BBC‘s reporting. This is especially worrying when it comes to the German camps in occupied Poland. Here, less than 17% of articles stated that Poland was occupied. It should be remembered that during WWII there were many different types of camps in many countries under many different controllers.

Examples of the different camps include Auschwitz, which was a German camp in Polish lands annexed by Germany but also a Soviet-Polish camp in liberated Poland and after the war. Natzweiler-Struthof was a German camp in France, but Drancy, in unoccupied France, was run by the French authorities. Jasenovac was in German-occupied Yugoslavia but was run by Croatians and there were Romanian camps in independent Romania.

Outside of experts, few would have enough knowledge to understand who controlled a camp and when they controlled it. As a result, the failure to clearly label Poland as occupied especially when it comes to the German camps means that the BBC audience is being misled.

The data used in this section of the report is in appendix E.

Poles cannot expect to be treated better than others members of the BBC audience but they should receive equal consideration. Research of how the BBC depicts the occupation of the Channel Islands and France during the war can therefore be used as a benchmark.

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German Camps, Polish Victims: The BBC coverage of German-occupied Poland

BBC coverage of the Channel Islands in WWII

The research shows only three articles on the Channel Islands during WWII do not reference the occupation. In all three of these articles the role of the Germans is made clear. For example, on June 1940 children from Guernsey were evacuated to England ahead of the impending invasion of the Channel Islands by Nazi Germany. In other words, 94.5% of articles on Channel Islands in WWII make it clear they were occupied and a typical article references the occupation 2.2 times.

Likewise, the Germans appear in almost all articles, with 96.8% having at least one reference. A typical article referenced the Germans 3.35 times.

All of the articles noted the occupation of the Channel Islands or the Germans or both. In fact, only five articles don‘t have references to both the Germans and the occupation.

Finding references to the Nazis is more difficult. Just 29 articles, or 31.1% of articles, had any reference to the Nazis. If you read five articles on the Channel Islands you would learn it was occupied 11 times, understand the Germans were responsible 22 times but the Nazis would appear only five times.

As a result, it is highly unlikely that anyone could possibly be confused by the BBC‘s coverage of the Channel Islands; for example, they would understand the islands were occupied by the Germans during WWII. See Appendix D for the data used in this section.

BBC coverage of France in WWII

Due to the volume of references to France, it was not possible to check them all but I selected the first 150 articles. Of these, 67 articles were excluded as they were not set during the occupation of France, e.g. coverage of France during the invasion of Poland in 1939.

Those that referenced the occupation 80 Note: One did not use any reference to occupation but had 7 references to liberation No reference to occupation 3 Total number of references to the occupation 145

Nazis are referenced 100 Germany is referenced 433

Articles with Nazi 37 Article with German(s)(y) 72

Therefore, the average article about France during WWII references the occupation 1.75 times, Germans 5.2 times and Nazis 1.2 times. Should you read five articles you would expect to read that France was occupied 9 times, that it was by the Germans 26 times and only 6 times about the Nazis. Details of the articles checked are contained in Appendix H.

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BBC coverage of Poland in WWII

Having investigated how the BBC covers two other occupied countries, it is time to take a look at their coverage of Poland. Out of the 237 articles used in this report, only 40 referred to the occupation. Still, not all articles necessarily need to mention the occupation; hence in only 200 of these articles did it seem reasonable to expect the occupation to be referenced.

When it comes to the usage of German then only 83 or 35% made it clear that Germans were involved. Compare this to 165 or 69.6% that note the involvement of the Nazis.

Per article, you would on average read 0.8 times about the Germans, 2.2 times about Nazis and only 0.2 about Poland being occupied. Data used in this section is held in appendix E.

The chart below makes clear how the BBC rarely refers to Germans in Poland or the occupation of Poland compared to Germans occupying the Channel Islands or France. The only area where Poland is ahead is in the usage of Nazis; however some surveys have shown people do not know who the Nazis were hence would think they were Poles.

Comparison by Country Numbers per article

6 5 4 Occupied 3 German 2 Nazi 1 0 Channel Islands France Poland

The location and ethnicity of the crimes

Other crimes in ‘Poland’

Another area taken into consideration in this report is the BBC using misleading terms to describe the German Prisoner of War camps for allied personnel. One particular area of concern is the way Stalag Luft III is described as in Poland when at the time it was in Germany. See appendix I for examples from the BBC website.

The BBC claims that pogroms occurred in Poland when at the time Poland did not exist because Polish territory was occupied from 1772/1795 to 1918 by the German, Russian and Austrian Empires. Further, these lands do not belong to modern day Poland. These were Page 18 of 64

German Camps, Polish Victims: The BBC coverage of German-occupied Poland mostly in the Russian and German Empires (modern day Ukraine, Belarus & Lithuania) but still are said to be Polish. Check appendix J for the data.

The BBC‘s inconsistent reporting has resulted in crimes being described as occurring in Poland, especially when it comes to the pogroms.

Ethnicity of the criminals

The BBC describes the crimes by ethnic Poles as being carried out by Poles. The German crimes are described as Nazi. The result is the BBC has articles blaming Nazis and ethnic Poles rather than ethnic Germans and ethnic Poles. See Appendix E & J.

Further, the BBC described the pogroms in Poland differently to those in Germany. In Poland they are Polish or carried out by Poles (see appendix E). In Germany or Austria they are carried out by Nazis (see appendix J). It is worth comparing this to the wording in the articles on massacres by Poles such as, ‗Polish communist authorities covered up the role of Poles in the massacre, blaming Nazi killing squads for the murders‘.5

In addition, pogroms in other countries receive far less attention than those in Poland (See appendix K). It is not only the Poles who are blamed for these but others such as the Lithuanians and Estonians.6, 7 It seems the only people not being named by nationality/ethnicity are the Germans.

Even the blame for the war is put down to Nazis rather than the Germans by calling it a Polish-Nazi conflict8 or the Nazi-Soviet invasion of Poland. On the rare occasion that the occupation of Poland is mentioned, the BBC generally describes it as being a Nazi occupation rather than a German occupation.9, 10

The camps without Germans

The BBC regularly writes articles on the camps without reference to the Germans (35%). Some of these articles not only avoid attributing them to the Germans but also the Nazis. Many (40 out of 181) fail to mention either Germans or Nazis. See appendix E for the supporting data.

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Types of Camps

Articles on camps using Nazi Articles on camps using German Articles on camps using Both Articles on camps using Neither

22% 43%

32%

BBC audience’s knowledge of WWII

The result of this discrepancy has been known for years. In 1998, research by Witold J. Ławrynowicz and Małgorzata Ławrynowicz found that when students were asked who the Nazis were, the majority said the Nazis were Poles. A documentary produced by Violetta Cardinal shows people, especially teenagers, are confused as many thinking the Poles were the Nazis

Experts have noted that the Poles have replaced the Germans as the perpetrators.

In 2005, the BBC‘s own survey found 45% of the adult population of the UK had never heard of Auschwitz.11

In 2009, 1 in 6 youngsters in the UK thought Auschwitz was a theme park12. They also thought that Adolf Hitler was the coach of the German football team. Amongst adults, 23% believed Winston Churchill, the British wartime leader, was a myth.13

Only last year (2011) The Spectator reported that a contestant, when asked to name the capital of Poland, gave the reply Auschwitz.14

It is true that simply calling the camps German does not tell the whole story. For example, Austria was part of Germany and there were many Ukrainian guards. Still, every time the media fail to mention the role of the Germans and simply have Nazis carrying out atrocities in Poland, the greater the chance of confusion. Using Nazi requires the individual to know the context. Without context, the term Nazi is a confusing term, hence organisations like the BBC are helping to shift the responsibility for German crimes onto Poland and Poles.

Appendix G has the views of experts on these issues.

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German Camps, Polish Victims: The BBC coverage of German-occupied Poland

Ethnic Poles were victims in the German camps

6 million of Poland‘s citizens were murdered during WWII including 3 million ethnic/Christian Poles and 3 million ethnic Jews/religious Jews. Some of the BBC articles only mention Jews when it comes to those who suffered in the camps, which is understandable but many articles list other victims.

An example of the badge Poles were made to wear. This badge was worn by Officer Jan Wójcik, 5. Pułk Strzelców Konnych (5th Mounted Rifle Regiment)

Comparison to others who suffered

It would be expected that the BBC would regularly include the death of millions of ethnic/Christian Poles. The following compares how the BBC covers ethnic Poles, male homosexuals and the disabled in the German camps.

It is a fact that male homosexuals were targeted and records indicate between 5,000 and 15,000 were imprisoned in concentration camps.15 Female homosexuals were not systematically persecuted.16 Therefore, the BBC coverage is generally incorrect as it fails to make it clear that only male homosexuals were the subject of persecution.

Poles only appear in around 50% of articles listing Holocaust/camp victims. Male homosexuals appear in over 80%. With as few as 5,000 male homosexuals being victimised in all camps, compared to the 130-140 thousand Poles at Auschwitz17 alone it is unusual that Poles are ignored. With ethnic Poles suffering at least 100 times to perhaps as much as 500 times as many dead, it seems the BBC‘s policy to feature male homosexuals more frequently has to be questioned.

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The disabled, like Poles and Jews, were targeted; likewise they appear in half of the articles. With 250,000 dead compared to at most 15,000 homosexuals, the disabled are also unfairly being ignored in these articles.

Appendix E contains the articles investigated for the data.

Note: Articles have been excluded which are oriented towards a topic such as the article on the disabled victims The Holocaust and disabled people.

There are articles on children and the Holocaust18. Again, there appears to be a failure by the BBC to cover ethnic Polish suffering. Clearly, articles on children suffering during WWII should exist. BBC articles look at Jewish and Gypsy children suffering; however there is nothing about Polish children. One example are the 200,000 Polish children who were kidnapped by the Germans, most of whom would never see their parents again19 It would be unacceptable to ignore Jewish or Roma children, but it appears ethnic Polish children can be overlooked.

Effects on the BBC audience

The general result of this inaccurate and misleading media coverage is that Poles in the UK have to live with false accusations. The author of this report was asked by a friend how he could be proud of Poland after what we did to the Jews. The playwright and author, Catherine Czerkawska, remembers vividly how somebody actually asked her which side the Poles had fought on in the war, and had they been ‗in with the Nazis‘.20 Former Polish soldiers are today being asked by young people in the UK whether Poland fought with Germany in WWII.21

Focus of the report

There are many more issues with the BBC coverage of WWII in Poland. The BBC, for example, claim that ‗Germans started to build concentration camps in Poland‘ in 194128. Auschwitz, for example, received its first batch of prisoners, mostly Christian Poles rather than Jewish Poles, in 1940. Still these issues are beyond this study but will be covered by future reports.

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German Camps, Polish Victims: The BBC coverage of German-occupied Poland

Conclusion

The BBC has failed to fulfil its commitment not to use insulting terms about the German camps.

The BBC treats Poland differently from other countries. In the Channel Islands and France there can be no confusion as they are clearly labelled as occupied by the Germans. Poland is not generally labelled as occupied, and the crimes are carried out by Nazis rather than the Germans.

The BBC‘s inconsistency in describing location means more crimes are in Poland than would be expected. Further, in Poland the crimes are committed by Poles, but German crimes in Germany are the actions of the Nazis.

Poles are not selected as victims anywhere as often as being the second largest victim group would warrant.

Recommendations

The BBC should draw up clear guidelines on how to refer to the German camps, the occupation of a country and selection of victims in the camps.

These guidelines should then be enforced across the organisation.

The BBC should fulfil its commitment to describe the German camps in occupied Poland. It is recommended that the BBC follows the advice of the experts and call them German death/concentration camp(s) in occupied Poland. Further, the BBC should ensure that prisoner of war camps are clearly and consistently labelled.

The BBC should ensure that all countries invaded by the Germans are described as occupied by Germany.

When describing the Holocaust and camps it should be made clear that responsibility lies with Germans or if using Nazis ensure there is context such as the German invasion of Poland, German occupation or explaining who the Nazis were.

The list of camp victims should be a policy. The fairest choice would be to select the largest in terms of victims obviously Jews but also ethnic Poles, Gypsies, the disabled and Soviet citizens. The BBC should when possible select other victims such as Jehovah‘s Witnesses, blacks and male homosexuals.

The BBC needs to give thought to their coverage of pogroms to ensure that they give fair coverage to all pogroms especially regarding ethnicity and nationality but also to reflect the number and size of pogroms in each country.

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German Camps, Polish Victims: The BBC coverage of German-occupied Poland

References

1 Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum website - Polish Death Camps or German Death Camps? On the need for learning history - 21st July 2004

2 Krakow Post – April 2009 – Our man in London (Part II)

3 The Polish Doctor BBC Website 2nd December 2011

4 BBC website - Memories of Auschwitz POW Camp - 13th November 2003

5 BBC Website - Poles blamed for wartime massacre - 9th July 2002

6 BBC website - Nazi helper avoids Lithuania jail - 27th March 2006

7 BBC Website - Simon Wiesenthal Center's 'Most Wanted' list - 23rd March 2009

8 BBC Website - Countdown to World War Two: Monday 28 August 1939 - 30th March 2011

9 BBC Website - Profile: Poland's last communist leader - 16th May 2001

10 BBC Website - John Demjanjuk: Nazi case verdict due in Munich - 12th May 2011

11 BBC website - Auschwitz: The Nazis & the 'Final Solution' - 2nd December 2004

12 Herald Scotland - Children thought Hitler was German football coach, survey reveals - 5th November 2009

13 Daily Mirror - Britons think Winston Churchill and Florence Nightingale are myths - 4th February 2008

14 Spectator website Polish Question 25th August 2011

15 United States Memorial Museum website - Nazi Persecution of Homosexuals

16 United States Memorial Museum website - Lesbians and the Third Reich

17 Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum website - Poles in Auschwitz

18 BBC website - Children and the Holocaust – 7th July 2009

19 Wikipedia website - Kidnapping of Eastern European children by Nazi Germany

20 Scottish Review – Rewriting history

21 The Armourer Issue 96 Page 17

22 BBC website - Poland timeline 3rd October 2011 Page 25 of 64

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Appendix A – BBC description of the German camps in occupied Poland

Articles still on the BBC website

2011-12-02 The Polish Doctor Polish concentration camps which has been corrected by removing the ―Polish‖

2011-4026 The Derbyshire PoW who sneaked into Auschwitz ‗notorious Polish death camp‘ but altered to notorious death camp in ‗Nazi-occupied Poland‘

2010-11-04 A Life in Limbo Polish concentration camp

2010-06-24 Jerusalem diary: Farewell, l'hitraot, wa masalaam ‗death camps of Poland‘ but partly corrected to ‗Nazi death camps in Poland‘

2009-12-18 Thieves steal Auschwitz sign Poland's Nazi-era concentration camp

2004-06-21 The Leaders of the Nazi Party concentration camps of Poland

2003-12 Exploring Polish community history in Coventry Auschwitz and other Polish camps

2001-11-23 Mass graves found at Nazi camp Poland's Nazi camps

1998-07-30 Poland's unknown death camp Poland's unknown death camp

Articles on the BBC website that have been removed

Note: These are not included in the statistics in this report apart from incorrect references to German camps in occupied Poland. http://www.bbc.co.uk/mystory/stories/survival/172475/ Polish concentration camp http://www.bbc.co.uk/apps/ifl/apps/vision/opinion/log2results?L2REndPage=/mystory/stories /survival/172475/?i_like_this=1;&source=/mystory/stories/::vapp::gallery::172475&axis=ilik ethis&title=/cgi-perl/apps/ifl/queryengine.pl/mystory&max_choice=1&L2REndPage-non- js=&choice=1 Polish concentration camp http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/1108509.stm Polish concentration camp http://www.bbc.co.uk/seehear/extra/nazispecial/nazispecial.shtml Polish death camps

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Appendix B – Others using the BBC to describe the German camps

Note: These are not included in the statistics in this report apart from incorrect references to German camps in occupied Poland.

2010-01-04 Lethal Letters My mother and sister were sent to a Polish concentration camp

2009-05-23 What should the US do with Guantanamo inmates? Make it into a museum like they did with some Polish concentration camps after WW2

2009-04-09 From the web team Jews from Hungary to Polish camps

2007-09-23 BBC - h2g2 - A Forum Conversation death camps of Poland

2005-08-11 My Father‘s War Polish POW Camp — Stalag 21A

2005-07-13 My Journey to become a Polish Paratrooper Polish prisoner of war camp

2005-03-23 Escape from a Polish Prisoner of War Camp Escape from a Polish Prisoner of War Camp

2005-03-23 Escape from a Polish Prisoner of War Camp spent the rest of the war in Polish prisoner-of-war camps

2005-01-29 Prisoner of the Germans - 5 - The March and Release Polish work camp

2004-02-11 Experience of a POW chapter Twelve Polish camps

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Appendix C – Other misleading terms used on the BBC website

2011-10-03 Roman Polanski expresses 'regret' over sex case Polish ghetto

2011-09-19 The Passenger arrives in London Polish Auschwitz survivor

2011-09-19 Camp survivor 'overwhelmed' at opera Polish Auschwitz survivor

2009-05-19 Odyssey composer Maw dies aged 73 Polish Holocaust survivor

2005-07-31 Bellum Vobiscum -Chapter 20 Polish ghetto

2003-01-23 Collective Polish ghetto

2003-01-21 Out of Ashes Polish ghetto

2002-12-10 Reel Life Polish Holocaust survivor

2002-12-08 Sophie's Choice: Your views Polish Holocaust survivor

2002-12-06 Opera house unveils Sophie's Choice Polish Holocaust survivor

2002-11-29 Rattle ready for novel opera Polish Holocaust survivor

1997-12-08 Poland lists Nazi-era Swiss accounts Polish Holocaust victims

1997-12-02 Despatches Polish holocaust survivors

1997-11-29 Cook promises to end mystery of Nazi gold Polish holocaust victims

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Appendix D – Data on Channel Islands

Appendix D – Data on the Channel Islands

Date Nazi German Occupied Victim Camp Type Reference

Undated 1 2 1 N/A N/A N/A Bass tuba from a German marching band

Undated 1 3 1 N/A N/A N/A German Imperial Navy Dagger from WWII

Undated 0 5 5 N/A N/A N/A Home made Radio

Undated 8 0 7 N/A N/A N/A Who Do You Think You Are? - Past Stories - Ian Hislop

17/06/00 4 5 2 N/A N/A N/A Jersey's Oskar Schindler

09/11/03 15 171 55 N/A 9 None Evacuation: Guernsey

11/11/03 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Liberation of the Channel Islands

30/08/04 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Plans for WWII air show completed

25/01/05 3 6 3 N/A 3 None Islands feature in Nazi programme

27/01/05 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1 N Channel Islanders mark Holocaust

31/03/05 0 20 1 N/A 1 G Memories of the Occupation of Guernsey

02/05/05 0 4 2 N/A N/A N/A WWII Union flag set to fly again

09/05/05 0 14 9 N/A 1 G Channel Islands under occupation

10/05/05 0 3 3 N/A N/A N/A Occupation after D-day — Christmas 1944

16/05/05 0 1 1 N/A 1 G Service remembers camp's victims

16/05/05 0 2 1 N/A 1 G Troops freed island 60 years ago

25/05/05 0 19 3 N/A N/A N/A Occupation of Jersey

05/06/05 0 11 6 N/A N/A N/A A Child's War: The German Occupation of Guernsey

05/06/05 0 1 1 N/A N/A N/A Liberation 60 19/08/05 0 1 2 N/A N/A N/A MEMORIES OF GUERNSEY OCCUPATION

21/08/05 0 1 N/A N/A 1 G After the War 1946-1958 05/09/05 0 6 3 N/A N/A N/A Jersey Occupation Page 30 of 64

Appendix D – Data on Channel Islands

Date Nazi German Occupied Victim Camp Type Reference

22/09/05 1 1 0 N/A 1 G New holiday for island residents 07/12/05 0 10 2 N/A N/A N/A Life in Guernsey during the German Occupation

13/12/05 0 10 2 N/A N/A N/A Guernsey Fisherman escapes from German Occupied Island 1943

27/04/06 0 1 N/A N/A 1 POW Camp's liberation is remembered

12/06/06 0 1 N/A N/A N/A N/A Disposal team explodes WWII bomb

15/08/06 0 0 2 N/A N/A N/A Special site status for WWII barn

09/05/08 0 1 1 N/A N/A N/A WWII freedom celebrations start

18/07/08 0 2 0 N/A N/A N/A Jersey police open up WWII bunker

14/10/08 1 1 2 N/A 1 N Occupation

26/01/09 0 1 1 N/A N/A N/A The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society

09/05/09 1 3 3 N/A N/A N/A Budget cuts hit Liberation flags

30/09/09 0 1 2 N/A N/A N/A Liberation Day 2010 to be holiday

01/10/09 0 1 1 N/A N/A N/A Destroyer visit marks WWII losses

12/10/09 4 4 4 N/A N/A N/A Echoes of Jersey's Occupation

17/10/09 2 1 2 N/A N/A N/A WWII evacuees' Scottish reunion

15/12/09 0 2 2 N/A 1 G Returning to a devastated island

05/02/10 0 1 1 N/A N/A N/A Jersey Liberation Day holiday plan rejected

19/02/10 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Guernsey flypast honours WWII pilot Charles Widdows

24/02/10 0 2 2 N/A N/A N/A Jersey 'lieu day' motion for Sunday Liberation Day

09/03/10 0 3 2 N/A 2 None Jersey people awarded for aiding persecuted in WWII

13/03/10 0 7 4 N/A 5 G WWII internment items on display in Guernsey

16/03/10 0 2 1 N/A 19 G Memories of a Second World War internment camp

21/03/10 1 2 1 N/A 2 N Memorial planned for World War II Guernsey deportees

09/04/10 1 1 1 N/A N/A N/A 'Guernsey guests' return to Glasgow for reunion

12/04/10 0 1 1 N/A N/A N/A Memories of Guernsey people evacuated to Glasgow

15/04/10 0 1 1 N/A N/A N/A 25 years under the Guernsey flag

Page 31 of 64

Appendix D – Data on Channel Islands

Date Nazi German Occupied Victim Camp Type Reference

24/04/10 1 3 4 N/A N/A N/A Legion to benefit from Guernsey's Liberation Ale sales

26/04/10 0 1 6 N/A 1 POW Investigating resistance in Guernsey in the Occupation

05/05/10 0 11 6 N/A 1 G Guernsey's Liberation Day story

07/05/10 0 1 3 N/A N/A N/A A hymn written especially for Guernsey's Liberation

07/05/10 0 0 3 N/A N/A N/A One Perelle man's Liberation Day story

08/05/10 1 1 0 N/A 1 POW Plaque to commemorate evacuation of Guernsey

13/05/10 0 2 1 N/A N/A N/A Commemorating Guernsey's Second World War evacuees

23/06/10 0 3 1 N/A N/A N/A St Peter Port Harbour bombing to be remembered

28/06/10 1 5 1 N/A N/A N/A German military occupation of the island

28/06/10 1 5 2 N/A N/A N/A German WWII bombing on Jersey commemorated

29/06/10 0 7 6 N/A N/A N/A Seventy years on from Guernsey's Occupation

01/07/10 0 3 2 N/A N/A N/A Remembering the beginning of the Occupation

05/07/10 0 3 2 N/A N/A N/A The missing casualty of the Luftwaffe bombing of Jersey

08/07/10 0 2 2 N/A N/A N/A Event manager for Guernsey's Liberation Day sought

09/07/10 0 2 2 N/A 1 POW 'First commando' raid on occupied Guernsey

09/07/10 0 3 3 N/A 1 POW 'First commando' remembered 70 years on in Guernsey Channel Islands, which were at the time under German

20/07/10 1 3 1 N/A 2 N&G Occupation.

20/07/10 1 3 0 N/A 1 N Remembering Bailiwick internment during WWII

06/08/10 0 2 0 N/A N/A N/A Rubble cleared from Guernsey's Fort Hommet

11/08/10 1 2 6 N/A N/A N/A Occupation doctor's Soviet watch donated to War Tunnels -

13/08/10 3 3 2 N/A N/A N/A Guernsey history inspires Nazi zombie horror film

20/08/10 0 1 1 N/A 1 G How does the 1948 agreement join Guernsey and Alderney?

30/09/10 0 1 2 N/A N/A N/A Navy remembrance visit to Guernsey cancelled

08/10/10 0 1 1 N/A N/A N/A Defaced holocaust plaque repaired in Guernsey

28/10/10 0 1 1 N/A N/A N/A Film explores wartime evacuation to northern England

Page 32 of 64

Appendix D – Data on Channel Islands

12/11/10 0 1 1 N/A N/A N/A WWII evacuees: Brenda's escape to Glasgow

12/11/10 0 1 1 N/A N/A N/A WWII evacuees: Dulcie's escape to Glasgow

18/11/10 1 1 1 N/A 1 G Guernsey WWII resistance archives discovered

18/11/10 2 14 6 N/A 2 G WWII prison camp archives discovered in Guernsey

23/11/10 0 6 5 N/A N/A N/A DVD explores Guernsey people's memories of Occupation 65th anniversary of Alderney homecoming after German

15/12/10 0 3 1 N/A 1 G occupation

15/12/10 0 3 2 N/A 1 G Alderney remembers 65 years of freedom

23/12/10 1 1 1 N/A N/A N/A Escape to Glasgow

09/02/11 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Guernsey Police destroy WWII mortar shell

17/02/11 N/A N/A 2 N/A N/A N/A Germany's Final Measures in World War Two

23/02/11 1 1 1 N/A N/A N/A Islands are same but different on political reform

10/03/11 0 3 1 N/A N/A N/A Guernsey WWII site may be opened to public

27/04/11 0 4 1 N/A 1 G Internees to celebrate their liberation in Jersey

09/05/11 1 2 1 N/A N/A N/A Jersey youth vital to Liberation Day - Bailiff

13/06/11 0 2 2 N/A N/A N/A Gun turret from German occupation found at Grande Havre

13/09/11 1 1 1 N/A N/A N/A Guernsey evacuees invited to submit stories for book

19/09/11 2 1 5 N/A N/A N/A Jersey WWII Jewish families compensation contract signed

03/10/11 0 4 1 N/A N/A N/A HMS Limbourne survivor thanks Guernsey

01/11/11 0 1 1 N/A N/A N/A Manchester event remembers Guernsey evacuation in WWII

12/11/11 0 1 1 N/A N/A N/A Chelsea Pensioners to join Guernsey remembrance parade

25/11/11 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Alderney ruin found to be Roman fort

29/11/11 0 1 1 N/A N/A N/A Regions and territories: The Channel Islands

2003-08 0 2 3 N/A N/A N/A Jersey War Tunnels

2004-04 0 9 2 N/A N/A N/A GERMAN OCCUPATION

2005-05 0 2 1 N/A N/A N/A War in West Yorkshire

2008-08 1 1 2 N/A 1 N Alderney camp commemoration

Page 33 of 64

Appendix E – Data on Poland

Date Nazi German Occupied Victim Camp Type Criminal Link

Undated 3 4 1 HD 1 IP N/A 1942: Britain condemns massacre of Jews

Undated 2 4 1 N/A 2 N N/A 1945: Auschwitz death camp liberated BBC ON THIS DAY | 11 | 1961: Eichmann's trial - a witness

Undated 1 2 0 N/A 1 IP N/A account

Undated 0 0 0 N/A 1 IP N/A History

Undated 0 0 0 N/A 1 N N/A In pics: Visiting Auschwitz, Poland

Undated 4 0 0 P N/A N N/A In pictures: Auschwitz

Undated 10 5 0 N/A 1 N N/A Jerry Springer - how we did it

Undated 0 0 0 N/A 1 IP N/A Midlands: The Miners' Strike revisited

Undated 1 0 0 N/A 1 IP N/A On this day: 8 December

Undated 0 0 0 N/A 1 IP N/A Stefan Mincher

Undated 1 0 0 N/A 1 N N/A The Story of Maximilian Kolbe of Poland - BBC

18/04/88 2 0 0 N/A 1 IP N/A 1988: 'Ivan the Terrible' guilty of war crimes

29/07/93 2 1 0 N/A 1 N N/A 1993: Israeli court sets Demjanjuk free

29/11/97 6 2 1 N/A 1 N N/A Cook promises to end mystery of gold

29/11/97 6 2 1 N/A 1 N N/A Cook promises to end mystery of Nazi gold

02/12/97 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Despatches

08/12/97 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Poland lists Nazi-era Swiss accounts

21/02/98 2 1 0 N/A 1 IP N/A Accused war criminal wins back US citizenship

18/04/98 0 0 0 N/A 1 P N/A Auschwitz-Birkenau - Poland circa 1943

23/04/98 3 0 0 N/A 1 N N/A Israeli PM leads Holocaust remembrance march

23/04/98 4 1 0 N/A 1 N N/A Netanyahu remembers Holocaust dead

Page 34 of 64

Appendix E – Data on Poland

Date Nazi German Occupied Victim Camp Type Criminal Link

27/07/98 1 1 0 N/A 1 NG N/A Auschwitz protest by Polish Catholics

30/07/98 5 1 1 N/A 2 N N/A Poland's unknown death camp

08/08/98 1 1 0 N/A 1 NG N/A Polish damage limitation to row over crosses ...

11/08/98 3 1 0 N/A 3 N N/A Cardinal recants on Auschwitz crosses

27/08/98 3 0 0 N/A 1 N N/A Rabbi unhappy at Auschwitz cross decision World: Europe Priest celebrates mass, blesses crosses at

30/08/98 0 0 0 N/A 1 IP N/A Auschwitz

01/11/98 1 1 0 N/A 1 NG N/A Polish religious campaigners at Auschwitz

26/11/98 0 0 0 N/A 2 IP N/A Gestapo man charged

02/03/99 0 0 0 N/A 2 None N/A Poland charges Auschwitz campaigner

06/03/99 2 0 0 N/A 1 N N/A World: Europe Auschwitz death camp protest

13/04/99 5 0 1 N/A 1 N N/A World Silence for Holocaust victims

26/04/99 4 0 0 N/A 2 N N/A Ex-Gestapo officer on trial

11/06/99 2 0 0 N/A 2 N N/A Pope prays for Holocaust victims

29/06/99 6 0 0 HD N/A N/A N/A World Holocaust fund appeals for Nazi victims

30/06/99 2 1 0 HD 1 N N/A UK Politics Call for Holocaust day

23/03/00 2 0 0 N/A 1 N N/A Pope grieves for Holocaust dead

06/06/00 2 1 0 HP 1 IP N/A Queen opens Holocaust exhibition

27/08/00 1 0 1 N/A N/A N N/A Polish Church apology over Holocaust

20/11/00 1 1 0 N/A 1 IP N/A Pupils learn from death camp visit

09/01/01 2 0 0 N/A 1 None N/A Polish tourism benefits from Holocaust memories

27/01/01 6 1 0 N/A 2 N N/A Europe remembers the Holocaust

07/03/01 0 4 4 N/A 1 IP Poles Fury over massacre apology plan

29/03/01 2 2 2 N/A N/A N/A Poles Jewish mass grave found in Poland

20/05/01 3 2 0 N/A 1 IP Poles Poland allows Jewish mass grave exhumation

20/05/01 2 2 0 N/A N/A N/A PN Polish U-turn on mass grave

Page 35 of 64

Appendix E – Data on Poland

Date Nazi German Occupied Victim Camp Type Criminal Link

23/05/01 3 2 0 N/A 1 IP Poles Polish Jews accept exhumation plan

27/05/01 0 2 0 N/A N/A N/A Poles Church apologises for Jewish massacre

27/05/01 1 0 0 N/A N/A N/A Poles Poland to apologise for Jewish massacre

28/05/01 0 0 0 N/A N/A N/A Poles Analysis: Historic but reluctant apology

05/06/01 0 2 0 N/A N/A N/A Poles Jewish mass grave controversy continues

10/07/01 4 3 0 N/A N/A N/A Poles Analysis: Poland divided on massacre

10/07/01 0 0 0 N/A N/A N/A Poles In pictures: Jedwabne massacre remembered

10/07/01 1 4 0 N/A N/A N/A Poles Poland apologises to Jews

11/07/01 N/A N/A 0 N/A N/A N/A Poles European press review

24/08/01 3 0 N/A P 2 N N/A Auschwitz case study

23/11/01 7 0 0 N/A 4 N N/A Mass graves found at Nazi camp

19/12/01 1 2 0 N/A N/A N/A Poles New evidence on Polish massacre

27/01/02 4 0 0 HD 3 N N/A Nations remember Holocaust victims

09/07/02 3 5 1 N/A N/A N/A Poles Poles blamed for wartime massacre

02/10/02 0 6 0 N/A 1 IP N/A Exploring Polish community history in Coventry

02/11/02 3 3 1 N/A N/A N/A Poles Poles blamed for wartime massacres

29/11/02 0 0 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A Rattle ready for novel opera

06/12/02 0 0 0 N/A N/A N N/A Opera house unveils Sophie's Choice

08/12/02 0 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Sophie's Choice: Your views

10/12/02 0 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Reel Life

21/01/03 0 1 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A Out of Ashes

23/01/03 0 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Collective

03/03/03 0 0 0 N/A 1 IP N/A Eva Figes

31/05/03 1 0 0 P 1 IP N/A In pictures: Bush visits Auschwitz

12/11/03 1 0 0 N/A 1 N N/A Hidden children of the Holocaust

19/02/04 2 0 0 N/A 1 N N/A Reporters' Log - Anti-Semitism in Europe

Page 36 of 64

Appendix E – Data on Poland

Date Nazi German Occupied Victim Camp Type Criminal Link

21/06/04 27 16 0 N/A 1 OP N/A The Leaders of the Nazi Party

03/12/04 4 0 N/A A 1 N N/A BBC TWO unravels the secrets of Auschwitz

13/01/05 0 0 N/A N/A 1 None N/A What is Holocaust day?

18/01/05 3 1 0 N/A 1 NG N/A Teacher's Holocaust camp account

23/01/05 4 1 0 N/A 3 N N/A Holocaust memorial opens in Paris

25/01/05 3 1 0 HP 1 N N/A Auschwitz today

25/01/05 10 3 N/A HP N/A N/A N/A Schroeder deplores Auschwitz evil

25/01/05 3 1 N/A A N/A N/A N/A World 'must learn from Holocaust'

26/01/05 0 0 N/A N/A 3 None N/A Holocaust Memorial day

26/01/05 3 0 1 A N/A N/A N/A 'I saw so many people go to their deaths'

26/01/05 0 0 0 N/A 1 IP N/A My visit to Auschwitz

27/01/05 4 1 N/A A N/A N/A N/A Auschwitz survivors honour the dead

27/01/05 1 2 0 N/A 1 N N/A 'It was a miracle to leave Auschwitz'

27/01/05 3 3 1 P 1 IP N/A Prisoner recalls Auschwitz horror

27/01/05 9 1 0 A 1 N N/A Q&A: Auschwitz

27/01/05 0 0 N/A N/A 3 None N/A The only Englishman in Auschwitz

27/01/05 2 0 N/A HD 1 N N/A UK survivors return to Auschwitz

28/01/05 5 2 0 A 2 N N/A World marks Auschwitz liberation

29/01/05 1 0 0 N/A 1 IP N/A Do we do enough to remember the Holocaust?

29/01/05 2 0 0 A 1 N N/A UK students visit Nazi death camp

01/02/05 5 2 2 N/A 1 IP N/A Heroes who defied the Holocaust

02/02/05 1 0 N/A A 1 N N/A Have we learnt Auschwitz lessons?

07/02/05 4 0 0 N/A 1 N N/A Poles rediscover Jewish heritage

09/02/05 1 0 N/A HD N/A N/A N/A Cash to let pupils see Auschwitz

03/03/05 4 6 0 N/A 1 IP N/A Holocaust heroine's survival tale

05/05/05 2 2 0 All 1 IP N/A March of Living marks Holocaust

Page 37 of 64

Appendix E – Data on Poland

Date Nazi German Occupied Victim Camp Type Criminal Link

05/06/05 2 0 2 N/A N/A N/A N/A Warsaw's Jewish heritage remembered

27/06/05 2 0 0 N/A 1 N N/A Lessons from Auschwitz

31/07/05 0 4 2 N/A N/A N/A N/A Bellum Vobiscum -Chapter 20

11/08/05 1 0 0 N/A 1 N N/A Auschwitz spoof outrages Poland

20/09/05 7 0 0 HD 3 N N/A Nazi-hunter Wiesenthal dies at 96

23/09/05 4 0 0 HD 2 N N/A Wiesenthal funeral held in Israel

14/11/05 0 0 N/A HD N/A N/A N/A Six million buttons!

29/12/05 2 0 0 N/A 1 N N/A Obituaries: 2005

26/01/06 0 0 0 HP 1 IP N/A From Berlin to Auschwitz: Part 3

26/01/06 5 1 0 P 1 IP N/A Grim memorial to Nazi inhumanity

27/01/06 2 0 0 N/A 1 IP N/A Annan condemns Holocaust denial

27/01/06 1 0 0 N/A 1 N N/A Poles mark Holocaust Memorial Day

20/02/06 0 0 0 N/A 1 IP N/A City chosen to mark Holocaust day

31/03/06 7 6 1 N/A 1 NG N/A Poland seeks Auschwitz renaming

05/07/06 1 0 0 N/A N/A N/A PN Poland marks anti-Semitic pogrom

10/07/06 2 0 0 N/A 1 N N/A Israel anger over Polish minister

11/12/06 3 0 N/A H N/A N/A N/A Evidence of the Holocaust

26/01/07 0 0 0 N/A 1 IP N/A The Holocaust – a survivor‘s story

28/01/07 3 0 N/A HD 1 N N/A Victims of Holocaust remembered

08/03/07 1 0 0 A N/A N/A N/A Students on Holocaust study trip

25/03/07 2 0 0 N/A 1 N N/A Polish radio broadcasts in Hebrew

06/04/07 5 6 1 N/A 1 N N/A Russian-Polish row over Auschwitz

27/06/07 0 0 N/A N/A 2 None N/A Holocaust Memorial Day in Middlesbrough

04/08/07 0 1 0 N/A 1 IP N/A Israel faces Holocaust protests

01/10/07 0 1 1 N/A 1 IP N/A Art from the heart

29/11/07 1 1 0 H 1 IP N/A The Peace of Heaven in a Place of Hell

Page 38 of 64

Appendix E – Data on Poland

Date Nazi German Occupied Victim Camp Type Criminal Link

18/01/08 0 0 0 HP 3 IP N/A From Berlin To Auschwitz: Part 3

18/01/08 0 0 0 N/A 1 IP N/A Holocaust exhibition in Oxford vandalised

21/01/08 3 0 N/A HD N/A N/A N/A Holocaust memories

21/01/08 3 0 0 N/A 2 N N/A Imagine, remember, reflect, react

23/01/08 0 0 0 N/A 1 IP N/A AUSCHWITZ CHANGED MY LIFE

24/01/08 1 0 0 N/A 2 IP N/A Auschwitz Anywhere

24/01/08 6 7 0 N/A 1 IP N/A Hunting the last war criminals

27/01/08 0 0 N/A N/A 1 None N/A All faiths commemorate Holocaust

29/01/08 2 0 0 H 1 IP N/A The Holocaust remembered

30/01/08 0 0 0 N/A 3 IP N/A Children mark holocaust memorial

31/01/08 1 0 0 N/A 1 N N/A Holocaust visit changes it all for Paul

04/02/08 0 0 0 N/A 1 IP N/A Extra funding for Holocaust trips

11/02/08 0 0 0 N/A 1 IP N/A Auschwitz

29/02/08 6 2 0 N/A 1 N N/A Holocaust revisited

08/03/08 1 0 0 N/A 1 N N/A English Auschwitz survivor dies

09/04/08 3 0 1 N/A 1 N N/A Poland seeks to boost Israel ties

15/04/08 5 3 1 N/A N/A N/A N/A Poland remembers ghetto uprising

21/04/08 2 0 0 N/A 1 N N/A Visiting Auschwitz

22/04/08 0 0 0 N/A 1 IP N/A "Hurt, angry and upset..."

19/05/08 0 0 0 N/A 1 IP N/A Grant's chance to silence doubters

27/05/08 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Berlin remembers persecuted gays

29/09/08 1 0 0 A 1 IP N/A Lessons from Auschwitz

03/10/08 0 0 0 HD 1 IP N/A Tributes paid to wartime 'mole'

08/12/08 0 0 0 N/A 1 IP N/A The Diary Of Anne Frank

16/01/09 0 0 0 N/A 1 IP N/A Standing up to hatred in West Yorkshire

Page 39 of 64

Appendix E – Data on Poland

Date Nazi German Occupied Victim Camp Type Criminal Link

25/01/09 4 2 N/A H N/A N/A N/A Radio 4 Sunday Worship

26/01/09 5 0 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A Cash crisis threat to Auschwitz

26/01/09 3 2 0 N/A 1 IP N/A Living history

26/01/09 1 0 N/A N/A 1 N N/A Should Auschwitz be left to decay?

27/01/09 0 0 N/A N/A 1 None N/A Holocaust victims are remembered

27/01/09 0 0 0 N/A 1 IP N/A Mosgito

29/01/09 2 0 0 HD 1 IP N/A From Berlin To Auschwitz : Frank Bright's story

11/03/09 8 0 1 N/A 2 N N/A German charges for 'Nazi guard'

26/03/09 2 0 0 N/A 2 N N/A The horror of Auschwitz

04/04/09 7 0 1 N/A 2 N N/A 'Nazi guard' deportation blocked

21/04/09 2 0 0 N/A 1 N N/A Holocaust Remembrance Day marked

27/04/09 3 0 N/A P 1 N N/A Builders find Auschwitz message

28/04/09 3 0 0 N/A 1 N N/A A declaration of intent

28/04/09 3 0 0 HP 2 N N/A Builders find Auschwitz message

13/05/09 3 1 0 N/A 1 N N/A Demjanjuk 'fit to stay in jail'

19/05/09 0 0 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A Odyssey composer Maw dies aged 73

19/05/09 0 0 0 N/A N/A N N/A Odyssey composer Maw dies aged 73

10/08/09 1 0 0 N/A 1 N N/A Funeral of PoW Auschwitz survivor

26/09/09 0 1 1 N/A N/A N/A Local Saturday Review

29/10/09 1 0 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A Miliband and Hague clash over Blair EU role

29/10/09 1 0 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A Miliband and Hague spar over massacre

29/10/09 0 0 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A Rabbi clarifies Kaminski comments

30/10/09 0 0 0 N/A N/A N/A Polish Kaminski 'today against anti-Semitism'

30/10/09 0 0 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A Today: Friday 30th October

09/11/09 4 0 N/A HD 1 N N/A Memories of an Auschwitz survivor

23/11/09 0 0 0 N/A N/A N/A P Digging up the truth about Michal Kaminiski

Page 40 of 64

Appendix E – Data on Poland

Date Nazi German Occupied Victim Camp Type Criminal Link

26/11/09 4 0 1 N/A 2 N N/A Polish woman's Jewish "shock"

27/11/09 8 2 2 N/A 3 N N/A Nightmarish memories of Nazis' Sobibor death camp

28/11/09 1 0 0 N/A 1 IP N/A Sobibor death camp trial begins

28/11/09 1 0 0 N/A 1 IP N/A Today: Saturday

30/11/09 0 0 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A Leading Polish historian on Jedwabne massacre

18/12/09 2 0 0 N/A 1 N N/A Auschwitz death camp sign stolen

18/12/09 1 0 0 N/A 1 N N/A Thieves steal Auschwitz sign

06/01/10 3 1 1 N/A 1 N N/A Auschwitz sign theft: Poland police want to quiz Swedes

21/01/10 3 1 0 N/A 1 N N/A Auschwitz sign Arbeit Macht Frei is returned

22/01/10 1 0 0 N/A 1 N N/A Auschwitz entrance sign returned

25/01/10 0 0 N/A N/A 1 None N/A Calderdale marks Holocaust Memorial Day

27/01/10 5 1 1 P 2 N N/A Holocaust Day marked at death camp Auschwitz

27/01/10 6 3 1 P 2 N N/A Holocaust Day marked at Nazi death camp Auschwitz

27/01/10 1 0 N/A N/A 1 N N/A Holocaust survivor's concentration camp rescue

10/05/10 6 0 N/A A 1 N N/A Learning From Evil

09/06/10 2 0 0 N/A 1 IP PN Polish inmates help restore Jewish legacy

24/06/10 1 0 0 N/A 1 IP N/A Jerusalem diary: Farewell, l'hitraot, wa masalaam

04/07/10 2 0 0 N/A 1 N N/A Clinton says US to give $15m to preserve Auschwitz

28/07/10 7 1 0 N/A 2 N N/A German Nazi suspect charged over 430,000 deaths

31/07/10 4 1 0 N/A 1 N N/A Emerging from the shadow of Auschwitz

04/08/10 3 0 0 N/A 1 IP N/A Repairing Auschwitz

10/09/10 3 4 1 N/A N/A N/A N/A Merkel ally Steinbach quits in row over blame for WWII

21/09/10 2 0 1 N/A 1 N N/A Holocaust denier Irving in Poland for Hitler tour

21/09/10 0 0 0 N/A 1 IP N/A How POWs saved Holocaust survivor

14/10/10 2 0 0 N/A 1 N N/A Auschwitz launches Facebook site

04/11/10 0 0 0 N/A 1 PC N/A A Life in Limbo

Page 41 of 64

Appendix E – Data on Poland

Date Nazi German Occupied Victim Camp Type Criminal Link

22/11/10 6 1 2 N/A 1 N N/A German Nazi suspect Samuel Kunz dies ahead of trial

26/11/10 2 1 0 N/A N/A N N/A Three plead guilty to Auschwitz sign theft

15/12/10 3 1 1 N/A 1 N N/A Auschwitz memorial: Germany gives $80m for preservation

21/01/11 0 0 N/A N/A 3 None N/A Birmingham marks Holocaust Memorial Day

21/01/11 2 0 0 N/A 1 IP N/A Holocaust Memorial Day events in Suffolk grow in 2011

23/01/11 0 0 0 N/A 1 IP N/A Holocaust Memorial Day 2011

25/01/11 0 0 N/A N/A 3 None N/A Holocaust Memorial Day commemorations

27/01/11 1 0 0 N/A 1 N N/A Auschwitz survivors mark Holocaust Memorial Day

27/01/11 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Guernsey pays tribute to Jewish deportees

27/01/11 2 0 N/A H 1 N N/A Holocaust survivor attends Anne Frank awards in Taunton

27/01/11 2 0 0 N/A 2 N N/A Jersey ceremony to remember Holocaust victims

04/02/11 0 2 0 N/A 1 IP N/A Holocaust survivor tells story behind first white rose

17/02/11 15 4 0 H 1 IP N/A Rudolf Höss - Commandant of Auschwitz

02/04/11 4 0 1 N/A N/A N N/A Poland urged to act over old property claims

20/04/11 4 0 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A Moon and star: A journey to Auschwitz

25/04/11 2 0 0 N/A 1 N N/A The Baby Born in a Concentration Camp

26/04/11 1 0 1 N/A 1 N N/A The Derbyshire PoW who sneaked into Auschwitz

08/05/11 7 0 1 N/A N/A N/A N/A Sunday

12/05/11 4 2 1 N/A 2 N N/A John Demjanjuk guilty of Nazi death camp murders

12/05/11 5 2 0 N/A 2 N&G N/A Profile: John Demjanjuk

12/05/11 7 1 1 N/A 3 N N/A The Briton who sought justice for Sobibor

18/05/11 1 0 0 N/A 1 IP N/A BBC News - Auschwitz museum unveils restored stolen sign

26/05/11 2 1 1 N/A 1 IP N/A Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp to get UK funding

25/06/11 4 0 0 N/A 1 N N/A Israeli couple held over Auschwitz artefacts theft

01/09/11 2 1 0 N/A N/A N/A Poles Polish Jewish memorial marking massacre vandalised

19/09/11 0 0 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A Camp survivor 'overwhelmed' at opera

Page 42 of 64

Appendix E – Data on Poland

Date Nazi German Occupied Victim Camp Type Criminal Link

19/09/11 0 0 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A The Passenger arrives in London

03/10/11 0 0 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A Roman Polanski expresses 'regret' over sex case

27/10/11 5 1 1 N/A 1 N N/A Auschwitz crimes to be reinvestigated by Poland

27/11/11 1 1 0 N/A 1 NG N/A Last survivors of the Holocaust keep memories alive

25/01/05 4 1 N/A H N/A N/A N/A Lesbian and Gay Foundation marks Holocaust Day

22/06/07 3 2 0 HD 1 N N/A Lessons from Auschwitz

06/11/08 1 0 0 H N/A N/A N/A Lessons from Auschwitz

2009-01 1 0 N/A P 1 N N/A Holocaust

2003-12 0 6 0 N/A 1 PC N/A Exploring Polish community history in Coventry

Page 43 of 64

Appendix F – Data on Germany

Date Nazi German Camp Type Criminal Link

01/04/45 1 0 1 N N Buchenwald Concentration Camp

19/04/45 1 0 1 N N Richard Dimbleby Describes Belsen 1945: British troops liberate Bergen-

Undated 0 2 1 G G Belsen

Undated 2 2 1 G NG 1945: Liberation of Bergen-Belsen

Undated 1 0 N/A N/A N George Enescu

Undated 2 4 1 N NG Heinrich Himmler (1900 - 1945)

08/05/99 3 0 N/A N N Gruesome legacy of Dr Gross

29/12/99 7 0 N/A N/A N Police examine 'Nazi' war record

03/05/01 1 0 N/A N/A N Macedonia army begins offensive

30/05/01 4 0 N/A N/A N Protests stop Wagner concert

06/09/01 5 0 N/A N/A N/A Nazi loot' case to go ahead

09/11/01 3 0 N/A N/A N Dresden synagogue rises again

09/11/01 1 0 N/A N/A N New synagogue opens in east Germany

08/01/02 2 0 N/A N/A N Galleries urged to return 'Nazi' Dürers

24/11/04 1 0 N/A N/A N Neo-Nazi bomb plot trial opens

21/12/04 4 1 N N US settles Nazi loot compensation

15/04/05 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Audio slideshow: Liberation of Belsen

15/04/05 1 1 1 N NG Liberation of Belsen commemorated

17/04/05 4 0 4 N N Survivors mark camps' liberation

04/05/05 2 0 N/A N/A N Germany convicts neo-Nazi plotter

21/09/05 3 0 N/A N/A N Vienna mourns 'mentor and teacher'

04/10/05 5 0 2 N N Jewish Vienna's difficult rebirth

08/04/06 2 0 1 N N Lost words of a German conscript

04/09/06 3 1 N/A N/A N Holocaust denier verdict upheld

09/11/06 3 0 N/A N/A N Munich opens landmark synagogue

10/11/06 1 0 N/A N/A N Neo-Nazis arrested in German town

28/10/07 2 0 2 N N Holocaust museum opens at Belsen

12/08/08 1 0 N/A N/A N BBC – Maestro – About the Music

05/04/10 6 0 2 N N The orphans who survived the Nazi camps British Legion's Nazi trip revealed in

01/11/10 5 2 1 N N archive

01/06/11 6 0 N/A N/A N Baghdad's 1941 slaughter of the Jews

Page 44 of 64

Appendix G – Expert opinion on the naming of the camps

Note: Due to limited space this is only a partial list. A more complete list is available at www.germancampspolishvictims.info. Title of person given is at time of making statement.

Adolph Berman and Leon Feiner (Jews who were being sheltered by Poles in 1942): We want you ((Jan Karski)) to tell the Polish government in London and to the Allied governments and leaders that we are completely defend less in the face of the German criminals. We cannot save ourselves nor can anyone in Poland save us. The Polish resistance can save some of us but not the masses. Source: The Jews and the Poles in World War II by Stefan Korbonski (1989) ISBN 0-87052- 591-3 Page vii

American Jewish Committee: The camps were located in German-occupied Poland, the European country with by far the largest Jewish population, but they were most emphatically not ―Polish camps‖ Rethinking POLES and JEWS Edited by Robert Cherry and AnnaMaria Orla-Bukowska – Rowman & Littlefield Publishers (2007) Page 65-66

Anti-Defamation League: As an organization devoted to nurturing Holocaust remembrance we share Poland's concern over the frequent description of Auschwitz as a Polish camp, which suggests the object was built on behalf of the Polish nation, Anti-defamation group supports Poland's request to change name of Auschwitz People Daily 12th April 2008

Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum: During World War II, the Nazi Germans set up 6 extermination centers in occupied Poland and murdered millions of Jews there. Although it would seem natural to use the expression ―German death camps‖ or ―death camps in German-occupied Poland‖ when speaking of these tragic events, some people seem to regard this as less than obvious. A BBC newsreader made a similar mistake. On that occasion, the BBC reacted in a prompt and normal way to the Museum‘s explanation of the error, and issued an assurance that its staff would not utter such nonsense in the future. Polish Death Camps or German Death Camps? On the need for learning history Auschwitz- Birkenau Memorial and Museum website

Timothy Garton Ash (British historian and author): In my experience, the automatic equation of Poland with Catholicism, nationalism and anti-Semitism – and thence a slide to guilt by association with the Holocaust – is still widespread. Bieganski by Danusha Goska Boston (2010) ISBN 978-1-936235-15-5 Pages 19-20

Australian Press Board: After a series of protests from the Central Council of Polish Organizations in Australia, the Australian Press Board ruled on May 14, 1999 (in favor of the Central Council) that the expression "Polish death camps" could mislead Australian readers, is offensive to Poles, and therefore violates the principles of Australian journalism. "Polish Concentration Camps". Misleading words Auschwitz Memorial and Museum Website 10th May 1999

Page 45 of 64

Appendix G – Expert opinion on the naming of the camps

Luigi Cajani (Professor of modern history at the Università La Sapienza, Rome): For many years Polish diplomacy has been combating the use made from time to time of the unhappy expression ―Polish concentration camps‖ to refer to Auschwitz, Treblinka and so on. This expression is certainly wrong and misleading, because it conflates the geographical location of the Nazi death camps with their historical perpetrators. Historians under Criminal Law, EU Legislation Casts a Shadow on Historical Research Liberté pour l‘histoire 2nd November 2009

Canadian Broadcast Standards Council: CTV had held that it used the adjective ―Polish‖ in a geographical context. Following the intervention of the Polish embassy and Canadian- Polish organizations, however, the Canadian Broadcast Standards Council ruled that CTV‘s explanation was unsatisfactory and ordered the network to issue a correction. Canada: CTV Admits Error Auschwitz Memorial and Museum Website 10th June 2005

Violetta Cardinal (director and screenwriter of Upside Down): the falsification of history in North America is ―reaching the critical point,‖ and explains that she wanted her film to shock people. It shows how damaging such falsifications as ―Polish concentration camps‖ can be, and how, if left unopposed, they ―strip Poles of their self-esteem and dignity.‖ Polish Death Camps? Against Falsehood Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum

David Cesarani (English historian who specialises in Jewish history): The camp was, in fact, in a part of Poland annexed to Germany and was a German creation. Before it was expanded and adapted to include a death camps devoted to the mass murder of Europe's Jews, tens of thousands of Catholic Poles died there. The camp's initial function was to terrorise the Polish population. Stephen Fry's Auschwitz blunder The Guardian 12th October 2009

Wlodzimierz Cimoszewicz (Minister of Foreign Affairs Republic of Poland): Labelling the camp as "Polish" shifts the responsibility thus falsifying the fundamental truth about the Holocaust perpetrators. So called ―Polish concentration camps‖ Military Photos 5th February 2005

Professor Norman Davies (Author, British Historian): There were no Polish Nazis. There was no Polish branch of the Nazi Party. In 1939-45, there were no Polish armed forces under German command, and, unlike almost every other German-occupied country, no Polish volunteer divisions in the Waffen SS. Despite what one often hears, there were no 'Polish concentration camps', and there was no collaborationist government, as in Vichy France or in Norway. Article: Nazi Poland?(LETTERS)(Letter to the Editor) History Today August 2005

Die Welt: This wording slanders Poland and has nothing to do with historical reality 'Polish Camps' in Polish Court Gazeta Wyborcza 14th August 2009

France 24: We did not mean polish concentration camp, we meant a Nazi concentration camp that was placed in Poland. We also recognize the big difference between those two terms. We would also like to express our deepest apologies for the mistake France 24 apologizes to Poland Poland.com 14th May 2009

Page 46 of 64

Appendix G – Expert opinion on the naming of the camps

Guardian: In an article headed Auschwitz bestseller a fraud, page 9, October 15, we referred to the terror of the Polish concentration camps. We should have referred to the terror of the German or Nazi concentration camps in Poland. Our apparent failure to recognise the difference offended a number of people to whom we apologise. Corrections and clarifications Guardian 21st October 1999

Daniel Jonah Goldhagen: While members of other national groups aided the Germans in their slaughter of Jews, the commission of the Holocaust was primarily a German undertaking. Hitler‘s willing executioners by D J Goldhagen (Abacus 2006) ISBN 0-349-10786-6 Page 6

Daniel Jonah Goldhagen (author and former Associate Professor of Political Science and Social Studies at Harvard University): No Germans, no Holocaust Bieganski by Danusha Goska Boston (2010) ISBN 978-1-936235-15-5 Page 98

Dr Nahum Goldmann (Honorary president of the World Jewish Congress): Poles suffered no less than we did ... We suffered greater losses proportion wise, but the Poles also suffered enormously Commonwealth of Australia Parliamentary debate: Senate Official Hansard No. 1, 2004, 16 November 2004

Yisrael Gutman (Director of research at the Yad Vashem Institute in Jerusalem and editor in chief of "The Encyclopedia of the Holocaust" 1990): According to Professor Yisrael Gutman of the Yad Vashem Memorial Institute in Israel, the use of the term ―Polish concentration camps‖ is a form of Holocaust denial. It is a conscious or unconscious way of changing victims into perpetrators and an attempt to blur the question of responsibility for the crime. Denial of the Holocaust and the genocide in Auschwitz Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum website

International Center for Education (Responsible for the educational work of the Auschwitz Museum): It is intended as an effective instrument in the struggle against ignorance and the distortion of history. Today, in the context of both denial and the repeated formulations about ―Polish concentration camps,‖ this is a particularly important task. Ceremony to present Senator Gary Humphries with a decoration Embassy of Poland in Canberra Website

Łukasz Kamiński (historian of the Institute of National Remembrance): Time passes and the level of public knowledge of World War Two decreases. The more we hear about "Polish death camps" the less we will think about what it really means - if it means they were built in Poland, or by Poles. We must defend the historic truth on this matter with determination. CNN made to apologize for offending Poles Poland.pl 23rd April 2009

Bernard Korbman (President Australia Society of Polish Jews and Their Descendants): This is not about semantics, it is not about political correctness, it is about historical accuracy, it is about recognising the tragic loss of life, displacement and suffering by Poles during World War II. It is about not belittling or destroying the integrity and dignity of an entire nation through falsehood and innuendo. From the President Australian Society of Polish Jews and their Descendants website

Page 47 of 64

Appendix G – Expert opinion on the naming of the camps

Labour Friends of Poland: We remain appalled that the press and other media outlets in this country can still freely publish absurd and potentially defamatory references to ‗Polish concentration camps‘. They do so without taking any heed of the concerns in the Polish community in this country about the false picture that these descriptions give of the Polish people's own heroic struggle against the occupation of their country by Nazi Germany Insult to injury The Economist 11th August 2010

Walter Laqueur (Israeli Historian and Author): ((The Poles)) did what they could, usually at great risk and in difficult conditions‖ UNDERGROUND ORGANIZATION "ŻEGOTA"CREATED TO HELP THE JEWS IN WARTIME POLAND Polish Home Army ex-Servicemen Association – Montreal branch website

Witold J. Ławrynowicz and Małgorzata Ławrynowicz: Even if some portion of readers is aware that this is untrue, a large number of citizens of the Western world have little knowledge of historical fact, and may come to wrongful conclusions. A good example of the poor level of historical knowledge among American students was documented by Edmund Lewandowski in the San Francisco Bay Area Polish American Community Newsletter in Santa Clara County, California. Lewandowski interviewed a group of high school students in 1998, showing them a picture of a concentration camp guard and asking "Who were the Nazis?" The response was shocking. The students overwhelmingly claimed that the Nazis were Poles. ―Polish Concentration Camps‖- History versus Reality NYC Police Department Pulaski Association Website

David Marwell (director of the Museum of Jewish Heritage Museum in New York, which focuses on the Holocaust): Although the phrase `Polish Death Camp' may simply be shorthand to describe location, there are many who wrongly conflate the geography of the camps with those who ran them. When it comes to such important issues, absolute clarity and accuracy are essential. Warsaw stresses: Death camps in Poland were German The Jerusalem Post 16th May 2011

Ontario Press Council: Many years after the end of the Second World War, there is reason to believe some Canadians have little or no knowledge about death camps that existed in Poland. To avoid misunderstanding, either the context or at least one reference in any article about wartime concentration camps should leave no doubt that the Nazi occupiers set them up and operated them. And in no instance should they be described as "Polish concentration camps." WHERE THE PRESS COUNCIL STANDS Ontario Press Council website

Steve Paulsson (Senior Historian of the Holocaust Exhibition Project Office (Imperial War Museum, Toronto), lecturer in Holocaust Studies at the Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies, and author of Secret City: The Hidden Jews of Warsaw, 1940-1945) from his article "'Polish Complicity In The Shoah Is A Myth'" in which he says Poles: "face accusation after accusation over their involvement in the Holocaust". This, however, does not mean that accusation after accusation is true. 'Polish Complicity In The Shoah Is A Myth' Totally Jewish 29th March 2007

Page 48 of 64

Appendix G – Expert opinion on the naming of the camps

Steve Paulsson: Poles did not serve as guards in the camp or any camp, other than some small labour camps, although prisoners of all nationalities (including Jews) were made Kapos 'Polish Complicity In The Shoah Is A Myth' Totally Jewish 29th March 2007

David Peleg (The Ambassador of Israel to Warsaw, Poland): We, being Jews and Israelis, with reject resolutely terminology such as "Polish concentration camps". These prejudicial and erroneous phrases represent primarily testimony about ignorance and lack of understanding of fundamental historical truth. Every thinking man knows that it was the Nazis who selected Poland for central site for dreadful genocide of extermination of European Jews. On the Polish soil the Germans built terrifying camps where they systematically murdered 4.5 million Jews (including 3 million Polish Jews) and other nationalities including thousands of Poles. Two nations fed with the same suffering Rzeczpospolita

Shana Penn (Director Media Relations United States Holocaust memorial Museum): The most common error of concern, which I will discuss further on, is the identification of Nazi concentration camps on Polish soil as being ―Polish concentration camps‖ instead of, as they were in reality, Nazi-run camps in German-occupied Poland during World War II. Rethinking POLES and JEWS Edited by Robert Cherry and AnnaMaria Orla-Bukowska – Rowman & Littlefield Publishers (2007) Page 56

Shimon Peres (Israeli President) said about it being hard to be in Poland: "that is not the fault of the Polish people, rather it is the incomparable extermination (of the Jews) carried out by the Nazis." Peres in Treblinka: Polish people not responsible for Holocaust Ynet 14th April 2008

Yitzhak Rabin (Israeli Prime Minister): Auschwitz was a German death camp, built by German criminals on Polish soil. Whoever cannot make a distinction between these two things and links the camp at Auschwitz with Poland, commits a cardinal error The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and the Poles

Menachem Rosensaft (the founding chairman of the International Network of Children of Jewish Holocaust Survivors): absolutely legitimate ((to change the name of Auschwitz)). The death factory of Auschwitz-Birkenau, where more than 1,000,000 Jewish men, women and children were murdered, was a German camp, conceived by the Nazi-German government and operated by Germans. Auschwitz Might Get Name Change Jewish Journal 27th April 2006

Michael Schudrich (chief Rabbi of Poland) when asked is it possible to accuse Poles as a nation responsible for the Holocaust: Certainly not. I raise objection even the question itself. One cannot even ask such questions! That's unbelievable that someone can formulate such a statement. That's not just against Poland, but against the truth and history. Jedwabne should be a symbol of reconciliation Originally in Rzeczpospolita 14th March 2001

Byron Sherwin (Author): the Poles all but replace the Germans as the perpetrators of the Holocaust, as the archenemies of the Jews throughout the thousand-year Jewish presence in Poland. Poles and Jews: A Uniquely Thoughtful Approach Amazon website

Page 49 of 64

Appendix G – Expert opinion on the naming of the camps

Peter Stachura (Professor Stirling University): To attribute blame to the Poles for the Holocaust, the ghastly culmination of Nazi racism, is surely to diminish somehow the unique horror of Nazism. Poland 1918-9145 by Peter D. Stachura (2004) ISBN 0-415-34358-5 page 148

Robert Szaniawski (Press Counsellor London Embassy): I would like to point out that there were no Polish camps during the Second World War. While the Nazi authorities of Germany, which occupied Poland at the time, established death camps on Polish territory, they were operated by the Nazi German government, with no co-operation on the part of Polish authorities or the local population. There were never any Polish camps‏ Financial Times 17th May 2011

Szymon Szurmiej (Head of Warsaw's Jewish Theater): One would have to be really ill- willed or have little historical knowledge to link Auschwitz's location in Poland with the Poles' approval of the camp or even participation in its doings Anti-Defamation League backs Poland over renaming of Auschwitz Ha‘aretz 12th April 2006

The Telegraph: We cause grave offence to our Polish friends by referring to Auschwitz as ―a Polish concentration camp‖; it was a Nazi concentration camp established by the Germans on Polish soil. Style notes 30: May 28 2010 Style Notes 30, Telegraph 28th May 2010

The Time: In the March 16, 1998 issue of Time a Milestone item incorrectly used the phrase "Polish concentration camps" to refer to the Nazi death camps in Poland. We regret the error. Letters The Time 20th April 1998

Feliks Tych (director of the Warsaw Jewish Historical Institute): Pre-war Poland wasn't heading towards a Holocaust European Jewish Press 3rd October 2006 New evidence points to pre-war Polish ―Holocaust‖

United Nations: Poland requested the change to ensure that future generations understand it had no role in the camp established by Adolf Hitler's forces during their brutal occupation of the country. Polish officials have complained that Auschwitz is sometimes referred to as a "Polish concentration camp," a phrase they fear may be misleading to younger generations who may not associate the camp with Nazi Germany. New name of Auschwitz Embassy of Poland in Ottawa 27th June 2007

Dr. Laurence Weinbaum (World Jewish Congress and a historian specializing in Polish- Jewish relations): It is an interesting reflection on the success of Germany‘s post-war foreign policy that the world has become accustomed to referring to ―Nazis‖ in place of ―Germans‖ – and that in place of ―Nazi German‖ we now find ―Polish Nazi‖. One can only wonder whether successive generations will associate the Holocaust with the Germans – and the first attempt to stem the German onslaught with the Poles. Letter received February 3rd 2005 by Dr Laurence Weinbaum Max Veritas website

Dr. Laurence Weinbaum: Polish society as a whole cannot be seen as a perpetrator-nation Holocaust scholars slam EU for backing Nazi-Communist comparison Ha‘aretz 26th January 2010

Page 50 of 64

Appendix H – Data on France

Articles included in the statistics

Date Nazi German Occupied Link

Undated 0 3 2 Jean Moulin (1899 - 1943)

Undated 0 4 2 World War Two: Areas of Conflict

24/10/00 0 6 1 Airmen remember Comet Line to freedom –

28/05/03 0 1 1 World War II evacuees reunited

11/11/03 0 4 2 The Free Runner: Escape from France, 1940

08/06/04 3 4 1 France, July 1944 –

17/06/04 0 1 1 Two Evacuations by "Phil": France 1940 and Java 1942

12/01/05 4 3 4 Le Pen WWII remark triggers probe 23/01/05 0 10 2 Father Fernand, the curate of Allenc, France

04/02/05 13 2 4 Remembering Events in the Vichy Zone of France during World War Two 0

14/02/05 0 7 1 Escape from France, June 1940

22/09/05 0 3 2 Escape from occupied France — ‗The Bayonne‘

16/11/05 0 12 2 Paris to Liverpool via Stalag 142 Rennes, Brittany, France, June 1940. After Dunkirk, escaping to the west.

03/12/05 0 7 1 Chapter 1

29/08/06 2 3 1 French railways face WWII lawsuit

17/02/07 3 2 1 French wartime collaborator dead

27/03/07 0 1 1 French railways win WWII appeal

19/07/08 0 6 1 The forgotten French village massacre

Page 51 of 64

Appendix H – Data on France

Date Nazi German Occupied Link

30/08/08 0 5 2 MI5's D-Day pigeon plot revealed

16/02/09 1 3 5 French Holocaust role recognised

20/02/09 1 13 3 German passports for war children

04/03/09 0 20 3 'Boche babies' trace German roots

06/04/09 1 2 7 Paris liberation made 'whites only'

02/06/09 0 2 1 Charles invited to D-Day events

04/06/09 0 1 1 Normandy veterans' French return

05/10/09 0 3 1 Captivating tales from local POWs

13/05/10 1 0 2 Funeral held in Lanark for French schoolgirl spy

01/06/10 1 9 1 Family remember WWII airman's burning plane escape

18/08/10 0 1 1 Monsieur Rose

03/09/10 0 4 2 WWII veteran honoured by France 66 years after rescue

14/09/10 0 7 1 War heroine found dead in Devon to have council funeral

15/09/10 2 2 1 Niece pays tribute to WWII heroine who died in Devon

16/09/10 1 0 1 BBC News - Sarkozy denounces EU commissioner's Roma remarks

21/09/10 3 1 1 Funeral of WWII spy Eileen Nearne takes place in Devon

29/10/10 0 3 0 WWII heroine Eileen Nearne was not "suitable" to be spy

07/11/10 2 2 1 French to honour WWII night ops hero

13/11/10 1 3 2 SNCF apologises for role in WWII Jewish deportations

01/01/11 0 10 1 1942: Allies launch daring raid on Dieppe

17/02/11 0 9 1 Operation Overlord

17/02/11 5 15 2 The Vichy Policy on Jewish Deportation

09/03/11 0 1 1 HMS Campbeltown makes final visit to namesake town

15/03/11 0 2 1 Blue plaque at Devon home of WWII spy Eileen Nearne

30/03/11 0 10 1 The Dieppe Raid

31/03/11 0 0 1 'Cockleshell hero' reflects on WWII mission

Page 52 of 64

Appendix H – Data on France

Date Nazi German Occupied Link

08/04/11 1 1 1 3D World War II footage to be shown on TV

08/08/11 1 4 2 Australia WWII heroine Nancy 'White Mouse' Wake dies

20/08/11 9 7 4 BBC News - Today - Coco Chanel: Nazi agent?

2005-09 0 18 2 Fact File : The Fall of France

30/03/11 2 28 1 The Fall of France

03/09/04 0 25 10 Life in Occupied France

27/04/04 2 1 0 Profile: WWII spy Michel Hollard

16/11/05 0 13 5 Paris to Liverpool via Stalag 142

17/02/11 3 7 3 The Special Operations Executive 1940 - 1946

29/08/10 1 0 1 Hampshire fundraisers in WWII Pyrenees 'freedom' trek

17/02/11 5 6 2 The Foxley Report: Secret Operations in World War Two

11/08/04 1 9 2 Letter: Senegal's secret soldiers

12/11/11 1 0 2 From Our Own Correspondent

07/11/11 0 0 1 World War II airman laid to rest with his bomber crew in France

06/08/09 0 5 3 War baby granted German identity

Page 53 of 64

Appendix H – Data on France

Articles excluded from the statistics

Those who reference Europe occupied, e.g. ―Western Europe that were occupied‖, but not directly France such as WWII heroine Andree Peel dies in Long Ashton aged 105

Those that reference about the resistance against the Germans implying the occupation such as War heroine 'not classed leader'

Those that reference German control but without directly stating France was occupied such as The Allies at War

Those that reference the liberation implying the occupation such as 1940: German troops enter Paris

Those that are about the war without needing to reference the occupation such as describing the German invasion of France or landing in North Africa such as Eurostar tribute to WWII hero

Articles excluded

1939: Britain and France declare war on Germany

1940: German troops enter Paris 1944: D-Day marks start of Europe invasion

1945: Germany signs unconditional surrender Audio: Churchill and World War Two Battle of France and Dunkirk

Blitzkrieg British Bombing Strategy in World War Two

Charles de Gaulle (1890 - 1970)

Christmas Under Fire

Churchill: The Gathering Storm Colonies, Colonials and World War Two Countdown to World War Two: Monday 28 August 1939

Declaration of War on Germany

Eurostar tribute to WWII hero

Evacuation of the Gibraltarian Population

Fact File : Allied Landings in French North Africa

Fact File : Declaration of War on Germany France cash boost for ex-soldiers France country profile France, 1940: 1 Squadron France, 1940: 1 Squadron Hitler and 'Lebensraum' in the East Hitler's Invasion of Russia in World War Two

HMS Barham at Dakar

Page 54 of 64

Appendix H – Data on France

I re-fight World War Two and lose

Invasion of Poland Japan's Quest for Empire 1931 - 1945

Life in France Under the Germans

May 13 1940 "Our Exodus" Memories of World War II: Royal Army Service Corps

Memories of WWII

Overview: Britain, 1918 - 1945 Philippe Pétain (1856 - 1951)

Poland remembers World War start Q&A: France Roma expulsions Remembering the German Victims of World War Two

Reporting Atrocities Against the Jews in France

Sarkozy marks historic de Gaulle war broadcast in UK

Showing Senegal's WWII heroes Sketches from the front: WWII veteran's hand-drawn

memoir

Tented Hospital: An Army Nurse in France

The Allies at War The Battle of Arnhem (Operation Market Garden)

The Battle of the Atlantic: The U-boat peril The Forgotten Heroes of World War 2 The German Threat to Britain in World War Two The Legacy of World War Two: Decline, Rise and

Recovery The Norway Campaign in World War Two The Siege of Malta in World War Two The Soviet-German War 1941 - 1945 The Suez Crisis

Training SOE Saboteurs in World War Two Viewpoint: Agincourt, WWII and other great British

'myths'

War heroine 'not classed leader'

Who won World War II? Winston Churchill: Defender of Democracy

Women Under Fire in World War Two

World War Two: Summary Outline of Key Events

World War Two: The Battle of El Alamein World War Two: The Battle of Monte Cassino

WWII bomb causes a scare in France

WWII heroine Andree Peel dies in Long Ashton aged 105

WWII remains exhumed in France

WWII veteran honoured by France 66 years after rescue

York remembers WWII French airmen based at Elvington Page 55 of 64

Appendix I – Prisoner of War camps in German-occupied Poland

2009-11-29 Diary reveals Great Escape plot the camp in Poland & Stalag Luft III in Poland

2009-03-25 Veteran POW on the 'Great Escape' Stalag Luft 3, have returned to the site at Zagan in Poland

2008-08-06 Great Escape hero 'disliked film' Stalag Luft III, near Zagan in Poland

2005-06-24 Crooked finger POW camps in Poland and Eastern Germany

2005-05-03 A PoWs needs Prison camps in Poland and Germany

2005-01-27 Prisoner of War during WW2 then preceded down the Oder River to a POW camp in Poland// The prisoners were moved to various camps in Poland over the years and one was called Rauch Camp in Poznan, Poland.

2004-02-18 Captured at Dunkirk prison camps in Poland and eastern Germany & Prisoner of War in Stalag XXIB in Poland

Page 56 of 64

Appendix J – Pogroms in Poland

Undated The Nikolayev Pogrom, 1905 learns about the pogrom of 1905 in the border area between Poland and Russia

2010-?? Passport belonging to Jew fleeing Russia Fleeing deteriorating conditions in Poland

2009-07-01 American policy has one main aim Jewish people arriving to escape the pogroms in Poland and Russia (History of Judaism)

2005-10-14 Celebrating Liverpool‘s Jewish History Although the majority of Jews arrived in Liverpool around 1900 to escape the Pogroms and persecution in places such as Russia and Poland

2002-07-01 American policy has one main aim 19th-20th Century, the great majority of eastern and central Europeans were Jews fleeing from pogroms in Russia, Poland, Germany, from cruelly long terms of compulsory military service.

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Appendix K – Pogroms outside Poland

Pogroms before and during WWII

 Iraqi o 1941 – Farhud at least 175 killed but some estimate 780 Jews were killed with a further 1000 injured. (Number of articles on pogrom: 1 article)

 Lithuania o 1941 – In Kaunas 3,800 Jews were murdered and 1,200 in the region for 5,000 in total. (0 articles)  Romania o 1940 Dorohoi, Romania between 53 to 200 Jews were murdered (0 articles) o 1941 Bucharest, Romania 125 Jews were killed (0 articles) o 1941 - Iaşi pogrom saw at least 13,266 deaths. (4 articles)  Ukraine o 1918 to 1921 - 1236 violent incidents against Jews with 30,000 to 60,000 killed. (0 articles) o 1941, locals in Lviv killed 6,000 Jews. (As far as I can tell the BBC has one article) o Events like Babi Yar were almost 34,000 were shot in two days and 10,000 more over time (12 articles).

Pogroms after WWII Note: all appear to have no articles on them.

 Bahrain o Manama 1947 - 1 Jew killed, synagogue destroyed, shops looted, Jews beaten  Egypt o Cairo 1945 - 10 Jews killed and 350 injured  Hungary o Kunmadaras 1946 – 2 Jews killed and 15 injured o Miskolc 1946 – 2 Jews killed  Libya o Tripoli 1945 - 140 Jews killed  Morocco o Oujda and Jerada 1948 - 42 Jews killed and 150 injured  Syria o Aleppo 1947 - 8 to 75 Jews killed and several hundred injured  USA o New York 1991 - 1 Jew killed  Yemen o Aden 1947 - 82 Jews murdered and 76 injured

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German Camps, Polish Victims: The BBC coverage of German-occupied Poland

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German Camps, Polish Victims: The BBC coverage of German-occupied Poland

Glossary

Action - A minor media issue

ACMA - Australian Communication and Media Authority

Alert - A major media issue

Allies - Countries which combined to fight the Axis powers

AMOPOD - Americans of Polish Descent

Auschwitz - A concentration camp for mostly ethnic Poles and a death camp for mostly Jews

Axis - The axis was an alliance of countries including Germany, Italy, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Japan.

BBC - British Broadcasting Corporation

Concentration camp - Camps used to hold individuals in harsh conditions. Many were murdered or died as a result of their treatment

Death camp - Camps used to murder people especially Jews

Ghetto - During WWII German forced Jews into ghettos before sending them to the concentration and death camps

Holocaust - The mass murder of six million Jews but can also mean the murder of 2 million ethic Poles and 3 million others.

Moderator - The title of the administrator of the PMI

Nazi - A political party which ran Germany during WWII

Pogroms - A violent mob attack involving killings and destruction of property often use to mean an attack against Jews

Polish media issues group - The PMI is a group who combat bad media related to Poland and Poles.

SS - Schutzstaffel or Protection Squadron in English. The SS carried out many of the atrocities in German-occupied Poland. Waffen SS were the military units of the SS.

Work camp - Camp used by Germany for slave labour Page 60 of 64

German Camps, Polish Victims: The BBC coverage of German-occupied Poland

Index Audience knowledge 21

Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum 15, 45

BBC Audience 22, 24, 46, 48

Channel Islands 16, 18, 19, 30-33

Countries as occupied 18-20

Disabled 23

Ethnicity of crimes 19, 20

France 19, 51-55

Germany 17, 21, 44-45 German camps in occupied Poland 15, 17, 21, 27-28, 34-43, 45-50, 56

Gypsies / Roma 24, 25

Homosexuals 23

Jews 13, 16, 18, 20-21, 23, 25

Mokrzycki, Jan 15

Other media 18, 46, 47, 50

Labelling of camps 16-18

Niechwiadowicz, Jan 9

Pogroms 20, 21, 57-58

Poland, Crimes by Poles 21, 56 Labelling of camps 17 Occupation 18-20 Poles as victims 22-23 ―Polish concentration camp‖ issue 15-16, 27-29, 45-50

Prisoners of War camps 20, 56

Types of camps 18

Useful quotes 45-50

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German Camps, Polish Victims: The BBC coverage of German-occupied Poland

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German Camps, Polish Victims: The BBC coverage of German-occupied Poland

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The BBC coverage of German-occupied Poland

For generations it has only been too easy to find the world‘s media writing in a negative way about Poland. The distortion about Poland during World War II started during the war itself. Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia spread lies about Poland that were accepted as true when the evidence said otherwise.

Sadly today many do not know the truth. This is the first report in a series on the media coverage of Poland during the war. It is an extension of the work carried out by Jan Niechwiadowicz with the Polish Media Issues group.

This edition looks at the British Broadcasting Corporation which is one of the largest media organisations in the world. How does the BBC cover the German occupation of Poland during World War II?

This report investigates three key questions:

 Has the BBC lived up to its commitment not to use insulting terms which imply the Poles were responsible for the German concentration and death camps?

 Is Poland treated differently to other countries when it comes to describing the German occupation? How do they label responsibility for the crimes committed?

 Does the BBC mention Poles as victims in the German camps?

It is hoped that this series of booklets entitled ‗German Camps, Polish Victims‘ will extend the knowledge of the issues that the Poles have to face from poor media coverage of Poland during WWII and will contribute to more trustworthy and accurate reporting about Poles and Poland during the war.

Support Poland Limited ISBN 978-1-909028-00-5 (Hard) 49 Castle Rise ISBN 978-1-909028-01-2 (Soft) Cardiff CF3 4BB ISBN 978-1-909028-02-9 (e-Book) www.germancampspolishvictims.info