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Bibliographical Essay Below is a working bibliography of the most important books and artides that have been particularly useful to the editors and that complement the essays contained in the volume. Since we focused on the structural, i. e., economic, dass, and power dimensions that largely led to the collapse of the Weimar Republic and the successful ascension to power of the Nazi party, most of the items listed reßect that ap- proach. Although not exhaustive, this list indudes some of the most significant works in the field and those which have shaped our thinking. For a discussion of the emergence of fascism and its relation to dass, economics, and political development, see: Nicos Poulantzas, Fascism and Dictatorship (London: NLB, 1974); Renzo De Felice, Fascism: An Informal Introduction to lts Theory and Practice (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 1976); Stanley Payne, Fascism: Comparison and Definition (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1980); Stein Ugelvik Larsen, Bernt Hagtvet, Jan Petter Myklebust, eds., Who Were the Fascists: Social Roots of European Fascism (Bergen: Universitetsforlaget, 1980); Peter Stachura, ed., The Shaping of the Nazi State (London: Croom Helm, 1978); Walter Laqueur, Fascism: A Readers Guide (London: Wildwood House, 1976); Ernst Nolte, Three Faces of Fascism (London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1965); Barrington Moore, Jr., Social Ori- gins of Dictatorship and Democracy (Boston: Beacon Press, 1966); Eugen Weber, Varieties of Fascism (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1964); Francis L. Carsten, The Rise of Fascism (London: Batsford, 1967); John Weiss, The Fascist Tradition (New York: Harper & Row, 1967); Hans Rogger and Eugen Weber, eds., The European Right (London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1965); George L. Mosse, ed., 319 320 Bibliographical Essay International Fascism: New Thoughts and New Approaches (London: Sage Publications, 1979); Stuart Woolf, ed., Fascism in Europe (London: Methuen, 1981); Jürgen Kocka, White Collar Workers in America 1890-1940 (London: Sage Publications, 1980); Martin Kitchen, Fascism (London: Macmillan, 1976); Jost Dülffer, "Bonapar- tism, Fascism and National Socialism," Journal of Contemporary His- tory 11 (1976): 109--28; David Beetham, Marxists in the Face of Fascism (Totawa, NJ: Barnes & Noble, 1984); Theo Pirker, Komintern und Faschismus (Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1965); Pierre Ayco- berry, The Nazi Question (New York: Random House, 1981); Martin Kitchen, 'Äugust Thalheimer's Theory of Fascism," Journal of the History of Ideas 34 (1974): 77-78; Wolfgang Abendroth, ed., Fas- chismus und Kapitalismus (Frankfurt: Europäische Verlag, 1967); Leon Trotsky, The Struggle Against Fascism in Germany (New York: Path- finder Press, 1971); Robert S. Wistrich, "Leon Trotsky's Theory of Fascism," Journal of Contemporary History 11 (1976): 169--73; Re- inhard Kühnl, Formen bürgerlicher Herrschaft (Reinbek: Rowohlt, 1971); Mihaly Vadja, Fascism as a Mass Movement (New York: St. Martin's, 1976); Reinhard Kühnl, Faschismustheorien (Hamburg: Rowohlt, 1979); Kühnl, Die Weimarer Republik (Hamburg: Rowohlt, 1985); Kühnl, "Problems of a Theory of German Fascism," New Ger- man Critique 4 (Winter 1975): 26-50; Michael N. Dobkowski, Isidor Wallimann, eds., Towards the Holocaust (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1983); Kurt Gossweiler, Aufsätze zum Faschismus, Mit einem Vorwort von Rolf Richter (Berlin: Akademe-Verlag, 1986); Anson G. Rabinbach, "Toward a Marxist Theory of Fascism and National So- cialism," New German Critique (Fall 1974); and Rabinbach, "Poul- antzas and the Problem of Fascism," New German Critique (Spring 1976): 157-70. For a discussion of the relationship among politics, economics, and Nazism, see: J. W. Angell, The Recovery of Germany (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1929); F. L. Carsten, Reichswehr and Politics (New York: Oxford University Press, 1966); A. Dorpalen, Hindenburg and the Weimar Republic (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1966); Hans Gatzke, Stresemann and the Rearmament of Germany (Bal- timore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1954); R. H. Hunt, Social Democracy 1918-33 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1953); Henry A. Turner, Jr., Stresemann and the Politics of the Weimar Re- public (Princeton: Princeton University Press,. 1963); James Diehl, Paramilitary Politics in Weimar Germany (Bloomington: Indiana Uni- versity Press, 1977); Medris Eksteins, The Limits of Reason: The Ger- man Democratic Press and the C ollapse ofWeimar German Democracy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975); S. W. Halperin, Germany Bibliographical Essay 321 Tried Democracy (New York: W. W. Norton, 1965); Ulrike, Hörster- Philipps, "Konservative Politik in der Weimarer Republik," Ph. d. diss., University of Marburg, 1980; Erick Matthias and Anthony Nic- holls, eds., German Democracy and the Triumph of Hitler (London: Allen and Unwin, 1971); Hans Mommsen, Dietmar Petzina, and Ber- nard Weisbrod, eds., Industrielles System und Politische Entwicklung in der Weimarer Republic (Dusseldorf: Droste, 197 4); Rudolf Morsey, Die Deutsche Zentrumspartei 1917-1923 (Dusseldorf: Droste, 1966); John Nagle, System and Succession (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1977); Jeremy Noakes, The Nazi Party in Lower Saxony 1921-1933 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971); Dietrich Orlow, The History of the Nazi Party 1919-1933 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1969); Robert Pois, The Bourgeois Democrats of Weimar Ger- many (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1976); Geoffrey Pridham, Hitlers Rise to Power (New York: Harper & Row, 1973); James M. Rhodes, The Hitler Movement. A Modern Millenarian Revo- lution (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1980); Peter Stachura, Nazi Youth in the Weimar Republic (Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio, 1975); Fritz Stern, The Politics of Cultural Despair (Berkeley: University of Califor- nia Press, 1961); Walter Struve, Elites Against Democracy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1973); Timothy Tilton, Nazism, Neo- Nazism and the Peasantry (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1975); David Abraham, The Collapse of the Weimar Republic (Prince- ton: Princeton University Press, 1981); Abraham, The Collapse of the Weimar Republic, 2nd ed. (New York: Holmes & Meier, 1986); Wolf- gang Ruge, Das Ende von Weimar, Monopolkapital und Hitler (Berlin: Dietz Verlag, 1983); Tim Mason, "Der Primat der Politik-Politick und Wirtschaft im Nationalsozialismus," Das Argument no. 41 (December 1966): 470-84; Kurt Gossweiler, Die Röhrn-Affaire (Cologne: Pahl- Rugenstein Verlag, 1983); Reinhard Neebe, Grosindustrie, Staat und NSDAP 1930-1933 (Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1981); and Henry Turner, Jr., German Big Business and the Rise of Hitler (New York: Oxford University Press, 1985). For a discussion of the issue of dass and support of the Nazi party, see: Thomas Childers, The Nazi Voter: The Social Foundations of Fascism in Germany, 1919-1933 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1983); Jerzy Holzer, Parteien und Massen (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1975); Michael H. Kater, The Nazi: A Social Profile of Members and Leaders, 1919-1945 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983); Klaus Schaap, Die Endphase der Weimarer Republik im Freistaat Oldenburg 1928-1933 (Dusseldorf: Droste Ver- lag, 1978); Winkler, "From Social Protectionism to National Socialism: The German Small-Business Movement in Comparative Perspective," 322 Bibliographical Essay Journal of Modern History 48, no. 1(March1976); Wolfgang Schieder, ed., Faschismus als soziale Bewegung (Hamburg: Hoffmann und Campe Verlag, 1976); Richard Hamilton, Who Voted for Hitler? (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982); Bruno Buchta, Die Junker und die Weimarer Republic (East Berlin: VEB Deutscher Ver- lag der Wissenschaft, 1959); Herman Lebovics, Social Conservatism and the Middle Classes in Germany, 1914-1933 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969); Richard Bessel and E. J. Feuchtwanger, eds., Social Change and Political Development in Weimar Germany (Totowa, NJ: Barnes & Noble, 1981); Robert Lewis Koehl, The Black Corps (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983); Johnpeter Horst Grill, The Nazi Movement in Baden, 1920-1945 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1983); Donald R. 1racey, "The Development of the National Socialist Party in Thuringia, 1924-1930," Central Euro- pean History 7, no. 1(March1975); Bruce Frye, Liberal Democrats in the Weimar Republic (Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 1985); Martin Schumacher, Mittelstandsfront und Republik (Du- sseldorf: Droste, 1972); Michael Kater, The Nazi Party (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983); Rudolf Herberle, From Democ- racy to Nazism (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1945); Ralf Dahrendorf, Society and Democracy in Germany (Garden City: Doubleday Anchor, 1967); F. L. Carsten, The Reichswehr and Politics, 1918-1933 (London: Oxford University Press, 1966); Harold Gordon, The Reichswehr and the German Republic 1919-1926 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1957); and Jürgen Falter, et al., Wahlen und Abstimmungen in der Weimarer Republik (Munich: Beck, 1986). For a discussion of the left in the Weimar period, see: Werner Angress, Stillborn Revolution. The Communist Bid for Power in Ger- many, 1921-23 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1963); Gilbert Badia, Le Spartakisme (Paris: L'Arche, 1967); Siegfried Bahne, Die KPD und das Ende von Weimar (Frankfurt: Campus-Verlag, 1976); Richard Bessel and E. J. Feuchtwanger, eds., Social Change and Political
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