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Royal Society of Chemistry National Chemical Landmarks

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The Institute of Cancer Research, Chester ICR scientists on this site and elsewhere pioneered numerous new cancer drugs from 10 Institute of Cancer Beatty Laboratories, 237 the 1950s until the present day – including the discovery of chemotherapy drug December Research Fulham Road, Chelsea carboplatin, prostate cancer drug abiraterone and the genetic targeting of olaparib for 2018 Road, London, SW3 ovarian and breast cancer. 6JB, UK

The Institute of Cancer ICR scientists on this site and elsewhere pioneered numerous new cancer drugs from 10 Research, Royal Institute of Cancer the 1950s until the present day – including the discovery of chemotherapy drug December Marsden Hospital, 15 Research carboplatin, prostate cancer drug abiraterone and the genetic targeting of olaparib for 2018 Cotswold Road, Sutton, ovarian and breast cancer. London, SM2 5NG, UK

Ape and Apple, 28-30 John Dalton Street was opened in 1846 by Manchester Corporation in honour of 26 October John Dalton Street, famous chemist, John Dalton, who in Manchester in 1803 developed the Atomic John Dalton 2016 Manchester, M2 6HQ, Theory which became the foundation of modern chemistry. President of Manchester UK Literary and Philosophical Society 1816-1844.

Chemical structure of Near this site in 1903, James Colquhoun Irvine, Thomas Purdie and their team found 30 College Gate, North simple sugars, James a way to understand the chemical structure of simple sugars like glucose and lactose. September Street, St Andrews, Fife, Colquhoun Irvine and Over the next 18 years this allowed them to lay the foundations of modern 2016 KY16 9AJ, UK Thomas Purdie carbohydrate chemistry, with implications for medicine, nutrition and biochemistry.

The Shop at Strood In 1957 scientists working for Beecham Research Laboratories at nearby Brockham 10 June Beecham Research Green, 1 Tynedale Park discovered a chemical which they used to develop many new penicillins with 2016 Laboratories Road, Betchworth, unique properties for the treatment of bacterial infections. These medicines have Surrey, RH3 7JD, UK relieved suffering and saved millions of lives worldwide.

Shell Research Ltd Milstead Laboratory of Chemical Enzymology. In recognition of Kent Science Park, the pioneering work carried out here when he was co-director of the laboratory. 01 April Broadoak Road, Sir John Cornforth Cornforth led a team that revealed the detailed chemistry of how enzymes work, and 2016 Sittingbourne, Kent, explained how cholesterol builds up in the body. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in ME9 8XP, UK Chemistry in 1975.

Lancaster Royal Professor of Chemistry. Attended this school 1837–1839. Discovered many new 03 Grammar School, East chemical compounds, made important contributions to chemical theory, and improved November Sir Edward Frankland Road, Lancaster, LA1 the quality of domestic water supplies. President of the Chemical Society and the 2015 3EF, UK Institute of Chemistry.

Apprentice apothecary to John Bingham Borlase in this building, 1795-1798. 17 1 Market Place, Progressed to the Medical Pneumatic Institution, Bristol, 1798 and to the Royal September Sir Humphry Davy Penzance, Cornwall, Institution, London, 1801. Davy established the nature of acids, identified 9 elements 2015 TR18 2JQ, UK and invented the miner's safety lamp.

To mark the 100th birthday of Daniel Eley, pioneering physical chemist. His research, School of Chemistry, much of it conducted in Nottingham, bridges chemistry, physics and biology. It 01 October University of Daniel Douglas Eley includes the Eley-Rideal mechanism of gas-surface reactions, organic 2014 Nottingham, Nottingham, semiconductors, discovery of the conductivity of DNA, ortho/para hydrogen NG7 2RD, UK conversion and understanding the structure of aqueous solutions.

BP Chemicals Ltd, In recognition of 100 years of innovation in supplying the UK with transportation fuels 23 Saltend Chemicals Park, and important base chemicals. Saltend has uniquely combined in one location the September Saltend Chemicals Park Saltend, East Yorkshire, research, development and commercialisation of numerous new processes for the 2014 HU12 8DS, UK manufacture of organic acids, alcohols and their derivatives.

Thomas Graham Born in Glasgow and Professor of Chemistry at Anderson’s University (now Building, University of University of Strathclyde) from 1830–1837. His famous contributions to Science were 02 July Thomas Graham Strathclyde, 295 Graham’s Law of Diffusion and his pioneering work on dialysis. He founded the 2014 Cathedral Street, Chemical Society of London in 1841, and became Master of the Mint. He is Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK commemorated by this building and by a statue in George Square.

Johnson Matthey PLC, In recognition of the 40th anniversary of the world’s first commercial autocatalysts 20 June Orchard Road, Royston, being manufactured on this site, and the subsequent development of catalysts and Johnson Matthey PLC 2014 Hertfordshire, SG8 filters for gasoline and diesel vehicles that have cleaned billions of tonnes of 5HE, UK pollutants from the environment worldwide.

Department of Led pioneering work in this building from 1956–1972 and elsewhere in Oxford on the Chemistry, University of 06 May structures of antibiotics, vitamins and proteins including penicillin, vitamin B12 and Dorothy Hodgkin1 Oxford, South Parks 2014 insulin, using X-ray diffraction techniques for which she received the Nobel Prize in Road, Oxford, OX1 3TF, Chemistry in 1964. UK

BioCity Nottingham, 21 Ibuprofen, Dr Stewart In recognition of the pioneering research work, here on Pennyfood Street, by Dr Pennyfoot Street, November Adams and Dr John Stewart Adams and Dr John Nicholson in the Research Department of Boots which Nottingham, NG1 1GF, 2013 Nicholson led to the discovery of ibuprofen used by millions worldwide for the relief of pain. UK

Building D6, Boots Beeston Factory Site, 21 In recognition of the work during the 1980s by The Boots Company PLC on the Ibuprofen and The Boots Dunkirk Industrial November development of ibuprofen which resulted in its move from prescription only status to Company PLC Estate, 1 Thane Road, 2013 over the counter sale, therefore expanding its use to millions of people worldwide. Nottingham, NG90 1BS, UK

Queen's University Close to this site, in 1869, Andrews discovered the 'critical temperature' for the 15 October Belfast, University Road, Thomas Andrews liquefaction of carbon dioxide, the basis of cryogenics and of low temperature 2013 Belfast, BT7 1NN, chemistry and physics. Northern Ireland

Surface enhanced Chemistry, University of University of Southampton Chemistry. On this site in 1973, Martin Fleischmann, Raman spectroscopy, Southampton, 12 24 July Patrick J. Hendra and A. James McQuillan recorded the first surface enhanced Martin Fleischmann, University Road, 2013 Raman spectra (SERS) leading to the development of a highly sensitive surface Patrick J. Hendra and A. Southampton, SO17 spectroscopic technique that is now used worldwide. James McQuillan 1BJ, UK

Kimbolton School, 19 March The Reverend Ron Kimbolton, Huntingdon, For his contribution to fireworks research, development and displays and for services 2013 Lancaster Cambridgeshire, PE28 to the pyrotechnic industry. 0EA, UK

Wolfson Laboratories, Imperial College 21 Professor The Lord 1985–2002 Chairman, Centre for Photomolecular Sciences and Visiting Professor, London, 7 Imperial November George Porter of Imperial College. 1967 Nobel Laureate for the study of fast reactions by flash College Road, 2012 Luddenham photolysis. Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK

Inorganic Chemistry Glucose Sensor, Allen Laboratory, University of In this laboratory on 20 July 1982, Allen Hill, Tony Cass and Graham Davis 16 July Hill, Tony Cass and Oxford, South Parks (Chemist) made the crucial discovery which led to the development of a unique 2012 Graham Davis Road, Oxford, OX1 electronic blood glucose sensor now used by millions of diabetics worldwide. 3QR, UK

Bennie Museum, 9-11 In recognition of his outstanding contribution, started on a site close to here in 27 April Mansefield Street, Birniehill Bathgate, where in c. 1850 he processed torbanite ('cannel coal') to create James 'Paraffin' Young 2012 Bathgate, EH48 4HU, the first commercial production of paraffin oil in the world, leading to the major shale UK oil industry in West Lothian.

Thomas Graham House, 08 This plaque, at the home of the Royal Society of Chemistry's publishing operations, Royal Society of Science Park, Milton December commemorates the 170th anniversary of the society's scientific publishing, which has Chemistry Publishing Road, Cambridge, CB4 2011 made a profound contribution to the advancement of the chemical sciences. 2HY, UK

University of Ghent, Aula 28 October Recognising his pioneering work at Ghent University (1858–1867) on structural and August Kekulé Ugent, Voldersstraat 9, 2011 organic aromatic chemistry. 9000, Ghent, Belgium2

ICI General Chemicals, Catalyst Science In recognition of the outstanding scientific contribution made by Charles Suckling and 22 October Widnes Research Discovery Centre, others, close to this site in 1951, in the synthesis and subsequent commercial 2011 Laboratory and Charles Mersey Road, Widnes, development of halothane, the world's first synthetic inhalation anaesthetic. Suckling Cheshire, WA8 0DF, UK

Rutherford Building, University of On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the discovery of the atomic nucleus by 08 August Ernest Rutherford Manchester, Coupland Ernest Rutherford, a Nobel Laureate in Chemistry and pioneer in nuclear physics, at 2011 Street, Manchester, M13 The University of Manchester. 9GP, UK

Unilever Research & Development Port In recognition of the outstanding scientific contribution to the home and personal care Unilever Research & 30 March Sunlight Laboratory, industry made by Unilever Port Sunlight's laboratory since 1911. 100 years on, the Development Port 2011 Wood Street, people on site continue to deliver innovative products to enhance the lives of billions Sunlight Laboratory Birkenhead, Wirral, of consumers around the world. CH62 4UY, UK

Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory Oxford, John Inorganic Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory. Where in 1980, John B. Goodenough with Koichi 30 B. Laboratory, South Parks Mizushima, Philip C. Jones and Philip J. Wiseman identified the cathode material that November Goodenough with Koichi Road, Oxford, OX1 enabled development of the rechargeable lithium-ion battery. This breakthrough 2010 Mizushima, Philip C. 3QR, UK ushered in the age of portable electronic devices. Jones and Philip J. Wiseman

Pfizer, Discovery Park, In recognition of the significant and enduring contribution made by Pfizer Scientists to 14 October Ramsgate Road, health and quality of life through the discovery, development and manufacture of Pfizer Sandwich 2010 Sandwich, Kent, CT13 novel medicines for human and animal use. Sandwich Research laboratories 9ND, UK established 1957.

In recognition of the pioneering research and manufacturing work carried out at the Sanofi-Aventis, Rainham 02 July Sanofi-Aventis May & Baker (sanofi-aventis) Dagenham site in a wide range of chemical and Road South, Dagenham, 2010 Dagenham Site pharmaceutical fields since 1934. These products continue to benefit patients and Essex, RM10 7XS, UK their quality of life around the world.

MRC Human Nutrition 19 Research Unit, 120 This plaque is in recognition of the pioneering work in the nutrition science carried out December Dr Elsie Widdowson Fulbourn Road, by Dr Elsie Widdowson (1906–2000). Her research provided a foundation for the 2009 Cambridge, CB1 9NL, work which continues in this laboratory today to improve the health of the population. UK

Harwell Campus In recognition of the pioneering research and development work performed by 25 Management HQ scientists at Harwell since 1946. Their work has provided fundamental support in the November Harwell Laboratory Building, Thomson development of nuclear power in the UK and a greater understanding of the 2009 Avenue, Oxford, OX11 chemistry of the actinide elements. 0GD, UK

Professor Edward (Ted) D Hughes FRS, who conducted ground breaking work on School of Chemistry, kinetics and mechanisms in organic chemistry 1943-48, played a prominent role in 23 October Professor Edward Bangor University, the 125 year history (1884-2009) of Chemistry at Bangor. Gwnaeth yr Athro Edward 2009 Hughes Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 (Ted) D Hughes FRS waith arloesol ar gineteg a mecanwaith ym maes cemeg 2DG, UK organig rhwng 1943 a 1948, gan chwarae rhan amiwg yn hanes cemeg ym Mangor (1884-2009).

Joseph Black Building, 04 August University of Edinburgh, Graduate of Medicine 1754. Professor of Chemistry 1766-1799. Discovered the Professor Joseph Black 2009 David Brewster Road, Properties of Fixed Air (Carbon Dioxide). Promoter of the Scottish Chemical Industry. Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK

School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, 04 August Student 1744-1752. Lecturer in Chemistry 1756-1766. Professor of Medicine 1757- Professor Joseph Black Joseph Black Building, 2009 1766. Discoverer of Latent Heat in the Old College, High Street. University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK

The Literary & 03 Philosophical Society of Chemist, physicist and inventor of the incandescent light bulb which he first February Sir Joseph Swan Newcastle, 23 Westgate demonstrated at a public lecture here on 3 February 1879. Nearby Mosley Street was 2009 Road, Newcastle-Upon- the first street in the world to be lit by such electric bulbs. Type, NE1 1SE, UK

The Chemistry 28 Department, University During the period 1930–1970 Professor Sir Christopher Ingold pioneered our Professor Sir November College London, 20 understanding of the electronic basis of structure, mechanism and reactivity in Christopher Ingold 2008 Gordon Street, London, organic chemistry, which is fundamental to modern-day chemistry. WX1H 0AJ, UK

In recognition of the pioneering work carried out by chemists at the Alderley Park site 22 AstraZeneca, Alderley since 1957 which has led to the discovery of therapeutic medicines, including beta- September Alderley Park Park, Cheshire, SK10 blockers and cancer therapies, that continue to provide benefits for patients 2008 4TF, UK throughout the world.

Académie des Sciences, Académie des Sciences, 25 June In tribute to the Institut de France for honouring British Chemist Sir Humphry Davy in Paris and Sir Humphry 23 Quai de Conti, 75006 2008 1808 and encouraging the international exchange of scientific knowledge. Davy Paris, France2

John Snow Public 16 June House, 39 Broadwick Founding father of Epidemiology. In 1854 his research linked deaths to the water Dr John Snow 2008 Street, Soho, London, pump near this site and thus determined that cholera is a water borne disease. W1F 9QJ, UK

Jealott's Hill International 23 This plaque is in recognition of the pioneering work carried out by scientists on this Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, November site since 1928. Research at Jealott's Hill has led to global developments in Research Centre Bracknell, Berkshire, 2007 agriculture which have helped feed people and improve their quality of life. RS42 6EY, UK

Clarendon Laboratory where H. G. J. Moseley (1887-1915) completed his pioneering Clarendon Laboratory, 24 studies on the frequencies of X-rays emitted from the elements. His work established Clarendon Laboratory University of Oxford, September the concept of atomic number and helped reveal the structure of the atom. and H. G. J. Moseley South Parks Road, 2007 He predicted several new elements, and laid the ground for a major tool in chemical Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK analysis.

John Dalton Cottage, 1778 -1793: Teacher (Eaglesfield, Pardshaw, Kendal). 1793 -1844: Scientist and 07 June Eaglesfield, Educator (Manchester). 1817 -1844: President, Manchester Lit & Phil Soc. Laws of John Dalton 2007 Cockermouth, Cumbria, Partial Pressures and Multiple Proportions, recognised Colour Blindness and CA13 0SD, UK revolutionised Chemistry through his Atomic Theory.

Imperial College 1938–1942 Student, 1957–1978 Professor, Imperial College. 1969 Nobel Laureate 03 May Professor Sir Derek London, South for new concept of organic conformational analysis. Erected in the Centenary Year of 2007 Barton Kensington Campus, Imperial College London. London, SW7 2AZ, UK

Imperial College 1939–1943 Student, 1956–1996 Professor, Imperial College 1973 Nobel Laureate for 03 May Professor Sir Geoffrey London, South pioneering studies on organometallic compounds. Erected in the Centenary Year of 2007 Wilkinson Kensington Campus, Imperial College London. London, SW7 2AZ, UK

Sudbury Neighbourhood The sale of his Perkin and Sons dyeworks in Greenford enabled him to build here in 19 October Centre, 809 Harrow Sir William H. Perkin 1876 the New Hall, a meeting place for the people of Sudbury, and a precursor of this 2006 Road, Wembley, Neighbourhood Centre. Middlesex, HA0 2LP, UK

The site of original Sir William H. Perkin (1838-1907) discovered mauveine, the world's first synthetic Perkin and Sons dyestuff, in 1856. He and his brother Thomas produced mauveine from a factory on 19 October Sir William H. Perkin Dyeworks, Oldfield this site in 1857, and later alizarin, thus laying the foundations of the organic 2006 Lane, Greenford, chemicals industry. This replaces a centenary plaque unveiled by Sir R Robinson in Middlesex 1957.

Hexagon Site, Crumpsall 31 July Vale, Blackley, This plaque recognises Hexagon Site as a Chemical Landmark. Since 1786, this site Hexagon Site 2006 Manchester, M9 8GQ, has been at the heart of dyestuffs development and production in the UK. UK

Department of Research in the Department of Chemistry at Cambridge over more than 50 years has 09 Natural Product Chemistry, University of established the structures and many principles of the synthesis of molecules that December Chemistry and Lord Cambridge, Lensfield control the processes of life. Notably, Lord Alexander Todd FRS and his co-workers 2005 Alexander Todd Road, Cambridge, CB2 invented the chemical synthesis of nucleotides, which led to the elucidation of the 1EW, UK chemical structure of DNA.

Research in the Department of Chemistry at Hull over more than 50 years has Department of 07 Liquid Crystal Research established many principles of the design, synthesis and properties of liquid crystals Chemistry, University of November and Professor George for applications in display devices. Notably, Professor George Gray FRS, CBE and Hull, Salmon Grove, 2005 Gray his co-workers invented the cyanobiphenyl class of materials, which were key to Hull, HU6 7SZ, UK developing the first successful liquid crystal display devices.

10 University College Between 1894 and 1910, in a laboratory near this site, William Ramsay discovered December Sir William Ramsay London, Gower Street, and characterised the noble gases, completing the structure of the Periodic Table of 2004 London, WC1E 6BT, UK Elements.

To commemorate the discovery of polyethylene (better known as polythene) by R O Winnington Laboratory, 04 Gibson and E W Fawcett on 27 March 1933 working in the former ICI research Reginald Gibson and Winnington Hall, November laboratory close to this site discovery of polyethylene (better known as polythene) by Eric Fawcett Northwich, Cheshire, 2004 R O Gibson and E W Fawcett on 27 March 1933 working in the former ICI research CW8 4DU, UK laboratory close to this site.

Dyson Perrins The laboratory was a major centre for Organic Chemistry from 1916-2003. It had four 24 Laboratory, University of Dyson Perrins Heads in that time, the Waynflete Professors W H Perkin Jnr, Sir Robert Robinson September Oxford, South Parks Laboratory OM, Sir Ewart Jones, and Sir Jack Baldwin. Sir Robert was awarded the Nobel Prize 2004 Road, Oxford, OX1 in 1947 for work done here on natural products. 3QY, UK

Commemorating the pioneering work into the development of silicone polymers School of Chemistry, conducted by Professor Frederic S. Kipping, FRS, first Sir Jesse Boot Professor of 17 March Professor Frederic S. University of Chemistry, at the University College laboratories in Shakespeare Street, Nottingham 2004 Kipping Nottingham, Nottingham, (1897-1928), and the Trent Building laboratories, University Park (1928-1936). His NG7 2RD, UK research formed the basis for the worldwide development of the synthetic rubber and silicone-based lubricant industries.

John Dalton 1766-1844 taught natural philosophy and mathematics at the Academy Peace Garden, Mosley 14 October on this site 1793–1800. His Atomic Theory was first presented on 21 October 1803 to John Dalton3 Street, Manchester, M40 2003 the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society of which he was President 1816– 9NB, UK 1844.

Near this site, between 1912 and 1914, Sir William H. Bragg and his son Sir W. Sir William Henry Bragg School of Chemistry, 01 July Lawrence Bragg carried out research that led to the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1915. and Sir William University of Leeds, 2003 Their work formed the basis of crystal structure determination by X-ray diffraction Lawrence Bragg Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK which has made an outstanding contribution to chemical science.

The College was modelled on Liebig's Laboratory at Giessen, Germany by AW 22 May Former site of the Royal 299 Oxford Street, Hofmann. Here, Hofmann inspired the young to do great things in chemistry, and 2003 College of Chemistry London, W1C 2DZ, UK relate them to both academic and everyday life.

Rosalind Franklin, Maurice Wilkins, Strand Campus, King's Near this site Rosalind Franklin, Maurice Wilkins, Raymond Gosling, Alexander 01 May Raymond Gosling, College London, WC2R Stokes and Herbert Wilson performed experiments that led to the discovery of the 2003 Alexander Stokes and 2LS, UK structure of DNA. This work revolutionised our understanding of the chemistry behind Herbert Wilson life itself.

12 Department of Genetics, Professor Sir Alec In 1984 the principles behind DNA fingerprinting were discovered in the building by September University of Leicester, Jeffreys Professor Sir Alec Jeffreys and his research group. 2002 Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK

Royal Gunpowder Mills, For over 300 years explosives and propellants were developed and produced on this 17 April Waltham Abbey, Royal Gunpowder Mills site. Work performed here has been influential in the development of the Bouncing 2002 Beaulieu Drive, EN9 Bomb, Kevlar and Ejector Seat technology. 1JY, UK

Close to this site, in the Torridon Laboratories of the Wool Industries Research Association between 1940 and 1943, Dr Archer John Porter Martin and Dr Richard Bass Brewers plc, 23 Laurence Millington Synge developed the technique of partition chromatography. Archer Martin and Longfield House, November Originally developed for the separation of amino acids from wool proteins, the Richard Synge Headingley Park, Leeds, 2001 technique became the basis for future widespread chromatographic analysis in LS6 1JF, UK research and development in many branches of chemistry. Drs Martin and Synge were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1952 for this research.

To recognise the work of Nobel-prize winning X-ray Crystallographer Dorothy Department of Hodgkin. She elucidated the structures of the antibiotic penicillin and vitamin B12, a Chemistry, University of 14 May treatment for pernicious anaemia, thereby augmenting the synthesis and production Dorothy Hodgkin Oxford, South Parks 2001 of these compounds. Together with her colleagues she also discovered the structure Road, Oxford, OX1 3TF, of insulin, the hormone responsible for carbohydrate metabolism and employed UK therapeutically in the management of diabetes

Johnson Matthey Pioneering work has been carried out in these laboratories since 1970 on the Technology Centre, chemistry of Platinum Group Metals for the development of car exhaust catalysts and 21 March Johnson Matthey Blounts Court Road, the design of platinum anti-cancer drugs. Exhaust catalysts are fitted to most modern 2001 Technology Centre Sonning Common, vehicles and make a global contribution to air quality. Platinum-based drugs play a Reading, Berkshire, major role in cancer therapy. RG4 9NH, UK

Unitarian minister, teacher, author, and natural philosopher — was the Earl of The Discovery of Bowood House, Old Shelburne's librarian and tutor to his sons. In this room, then a working laboratory, 07 August Oxygen by Joseph Road, Derry Hill, Calne, Priestley pursued his investigations of gases. On 1 August 1774 he discovered 2000 Priestley Wiltshire, SN11 0LZ, UK oxygen. Twenty years later he emigrated to America where he continued his research at his home and laboratory in Northumberland, Pennsylvania.

In 1928, at St. Mary's Hospital, London, Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin. This discovery led to the introduction of antibiotics that greatly reduced the number of deaths from infection. Howard W. Florey, at the University of Oxford working with The Alexander Fleming Ernst B. Chain, Norman G. Heatley and Edward P. Abraham, successfully took Laboratory Museum, St 19 penicillin from the laboratory to the clinic as a medical treatment in 1941. The large- Development of Mary's Hospital, 135a November scale development of penicillin was undertaken in the United States of America Penicillin4 Praed Street, 1999 during the 1939-1945 World War, led by scientists and engineers at the Northern Paddington, London, W2 Regional Research Laboratory of the US Department of Agriculture, Abbott 1QY, UK Laboratories, Lederle Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Chas. Pfizer & Co. Inc., and E.R. Squibb & Sons. The discovery and development of penicillin was a milestone in twentieth century pharmaceutical chemistry.

Pioneering work by scientists in the laboratories of this company led to the first clinically effective inhibitor of gastric acid secretion. The worldwide introduction of cimetidine (Tagamet) revolutionized the treatment of peptic ulcers by dramatically GlaxoSmithKline, New 24 The discovery of reducing the need for surgical intervention. The work is recognized as the classic Frontiers Science Park, November histamine H2-receptor example of the systematic modification of a natural messenger substance (histamine) Third Avenue, Harlow, 1997 antagonists4 to create a therapeutically useful blocking agent. Effective commercialization of this Essex, CM19 5AW, UK discovery was greatly facilitated by the subsequent investigation and design of novel synthetic routes, which led to the development of an efficient chemical manufacturing process.

St Michael's Catholic On this site in the former New Meeting House Joseph Priestley LLD FRS scholar, Church, Moor Street, 1980 Joseph Priestly5 scientist, theologian and discoverer of oxygen ministered to his congregation from Birmingham, B4 7UG, 1870 to 1791. UK

1 This plaque was awarded to re-honour Dorothy Hodgkin, and the plaque replaces the original 2001 plaque.

2 International Chemical Landmark Award.

3 Awarded in jointly with Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society.

4 Awarded jointly with The American Chemical Society (ACS) as part of the ACS International Historic Chemical Landmark scheme.

5 Awarded jointly with the Birmingham Civic Society.