TheThe AfternoonAfternoon ConstellationConstellation Aqua,Aqua, CALIPSOCALIPSO,,, Cloudsat,Cloudsat, PARASOL,PARASOL, AuraAura TheThe “““A”AA”” TrainTrain
MarkMark SchoeberlSchoeberl NASA/GSFCNASA/GSFC
Acknowledgements:Acknowledgements: GraemeGraeme Stevens,Stevens, BruceBruce Wielicki,Wielicki, ChipChip TrepteTrepte TheTheThe Aqua/AuraAqua/AuraAqua/Aura AfternoonAfternoonAfternoon ConstellationConstellationConstellation
The “A” Train 1:38 PM 1:30 PM
Aura Cloudsat CALIPSO Aqua PARASOL
OMI - Cloud heights CALPSO- Aerosol and cloud heights MODIS/ CERES OMI & HIRLDS – Aerosols Cloudsat - cloud droplets PARASOL - aerosol and cloud IR Properties of Clouds MLS& TES - H2O & temp polarization profiles AIRS Temperature and MLS & HIRDLS – Cirrus clouds H2O Sounding
EOSEOS “A“A Train”Train” CALIPSO Control Box ESSP3 Control Box
C.O. Aqua Control Box CloudSat 20 sec
Circulation orbit Orbit >15 sec 40 sec C.O. 44 sec 104 sec
Vert. Res.
Aqua Cloudsat Cloudsat will CALIPSO “orbit”CALIPSO, Horiz.PARASOL Res. both loosely Aura following Aqua
EOSEOS “A“A Train”Train” AquaAquaAqua •• SunSun -- synchronous,synchronous, polarpolar •• AltitudeAltitude -- 705705 kmkm nominalnominal •• InclinationInclination -- 98.298.2 +/-+/- 0.10.1 degreesdegrees •• AscendingAscending nodenode -- 1:301:30 p.m.p.m. +/-+/- 1515 minutesminutes •• PeriodPeriod -- 98.898.8 minutesminutes •• LaunchedLaunched -- MayMay 4,4, 20022002
InstrumentsInstruments •Atmospheric•Atmospheric InfraredInfrared SounderSounder (AIRS)(AIRS) •Advanced•Advanced MicrowaveMicrowave SoundingSounding UnitUnit (AMSU)(AMSU) •Humidity•Humidity SounderSounder forfor BrazilBrazil (HSB)(HSB) •Advanced•Advanced MicrowaveMicrowave ScanningScanning Radiometer-EOSRadiometer-EOS (AMSR-E)(AMSR-E) •Clouds•Clouds andand thethe Earth'sEarth's RadiantRadiant EnergyEnergy SystemSystem (CERES)(CERES) •Moderate•Moderate ResolutionResolution ImagingImaging SpectroradiometerSpectroradiometer (MODIS)(MODIS)
EOSEOS “A“A Train”Train” CALIPSOCALIPSOCALIPSO (formerly Picasso-CENA) (formerly(formerly Picasso-CENA)Picasso-CENA) LITE measurements over Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation convection IIR 20
kmkm 10
Laser WFC 0 DistanceDistance
•• 2-wavelength2-wavelength (532(532 andand 10641064 nm)nm) polarization-sensitivepolarization-sensitive LIDARLIDAR thatthat providesprovides 3030 mm verticalvertical resolutionresolution profilesprofiles ofof aerosolsaerosols andand clouds.clouds.
•• ImagingImaging infraredinfrared radiometerradiometer (IIR)(IIR) thatthat providesprovides calibratedcalibrated infraredinfrared radiancesradiances atat 8.78.7 µ,µ, 10.510.5 µµ andand 1212 µ.µ. TheseThese wavelengthswavelengths areare optimizedoptimized forfor combinedcombined IIR/lidarIIR/lidar retrievalsretrievals ofof cirruscirrus particleparticle size.size.
•• High-resolutionHigh-resolution widewide fieldfield cameracamera (WFC)(WFC) thatthat acquiresacquires highhigh spatialspatial resolutionresolution imageryimagery forfor meteorologicalmeteorological contextcontext ((620620 toto 670670 nm)nm)..
EOSEOS “A“A Train”Train” CloudsatCloudsatCloudsat
9494 GHzGHz CloudCloud ProfilingProfiling RadarRadar (CPR)(CPR) •• Nadir-viewingNadir-viewing •• 500500 mm verticalvertical resolutionresolution •• 1.21.2 kmkm cross-track,cross-track, 3.53.5 kmkm alongalong tracktrack •• Sensitivity:Sensitivity: -30-30 toto -36-36 dBZdBZ
DataData ProductsProducts •Radar•Radar reflectivityreflectivity •Visible•Visible andand near-IRnear-IR radiancesradiances •Cloud•Cloud basebase andand toptop heightsheights •Optical•Optical depthdepth •Atmospheric•Atmospheric heatingheating ratesrates •Cloud•Cloud waterwater contentcontent •Cloud•Cloud iceice contentcontent •Cloud•Cloud particleparticle sizesize •Precipitation•Precipitation OccurrenceOccurrence
EOSEOS “A“A Train”Train” PARASOLPARASOLPARASOL
POLDERPOLDER InstrumentInstrument
PolarizationPolarization andand DirectionalityDirectionality ofof thethe Earth'sEarth's ReflectancesReflectances PPolarizationolarization andand AAnisotropynisotropy ofof RReflectanceseflectances forfor AAtmospherictmospheric SSciencecience coupledcoupled withwith OObservationsbservations fromfrom aa LLIDARIDAR
POLDERPOLDER isis aa pushpush broom,broom, widewide fieldfield ofof view,view, multi-bandmulti-band imagingimaging radiometer/polarimeter,radiometer/polarimeter, 114-degree114-degree widewide fieldfield ofof view,view, 7km7km xx 6km6km footprint.footprint.
AA filter/polarizerfilter/polarizer wheelwheel rotatesrotates andand scansscans eighteight narrownarrow spectralspectral bandsbands inin thethe visiblevisible andand nearnear infraredinfrared ((443,443, 490,490, 565,565, 665665,, 763,763, 765,765, 865865 andand 910910 nm),nm), andand threethree polarizationpolarization anglesangles forfor selectselect wavelengths.wavelengths.
EOSEOS “A“A Train”Train” AuraAuraAura AtmosphericAtmospheric ChemistryChemistry andand Climate:Climate: LaunchLaunch mid-2003mid-2003 •• HighHigh ResolutionResolution DynamicsDynamics LimbLimb SounderSounder (HIRDLS:USA)(HIRDLS:USA) –– MeasuresMeasures IRIR limblimb emissionemission ofof tracetrace gasesgases andand aerosolsaerosols
•• MicrowaveMicrowave LimbLimb SounderSounder (MLS:USA)(MLS:USA) –– MeasuresMeasures microwavemicrowave limblimb emissionemission ofof ozoneozone destroyingdestroying chemicalschemicals
•• TroposphericTropospheric EmissionEmission SpectrometerSpectrometer (TES:(TES: USA)USA) –– DownDown lookinglooking andand limblimb lookinglooking measurementsmeasurements ofof airair pollutionpollution
•• OzoneOzone MonitoringMonitoring InstrumentInstrument (OMI:(OMI: Netherlands)Netherlands) –– MeasuresMeasures globalglobal ozoneozone changechange
HIRDLS M LS Direction of flight
OMI TES
EOSEOS “A“A Train”Train” “““A-TrainA-TrainA-Train””” NadirNadirNadir FootprintsFootprintsFootprints
6x76x7 kmkm POLDERPOLDER
1.1. 44 kmkm CloudsatCloudsat
0.50.5 kmkm MODISMODIS BandBand 3-73-7
0.090.09 kmkm CALIPSOCALIPSO
CloudCloud
13.513.5 kmkm AIRSAIRS IR;IR; AMSUAMSU && HSBHSB µµ wavewave
5.35.3 xx 8.58.5 kmkm TESTES Washington DC 2.32.3 kmkm AIRSAIRS 0.4-10.4-1 µµ
USGSEOSEOS “A“A Train”MapTrain” VerticalVerticalVertical ResolutionResolutionResolution ofofof thethethe “““AAA TrainTrainTrain”””
AuraAura AquaAqua CALIPSOCALIPSO 30 30 CloudsatCloudsat
2525
2020
1515
1010
KmKm 55 AMSUAMSU MLSMLS HIRDLSHIRDLS TESTES AIRSAIRS HSBHSB 00 1.5-21.5-2 1.51.5 2.32.3 11 22 0.030.03 0.50.5 VerticalVertical resolutionresolution inin kmkm
EOSEOS “A“A Train”Train” A-TrainA-Train ScienceScience Aqua/Aqua/ CALIPSOCALIPSO /Cloudsat/Parasol/Aura/Cloudsat/Parasol/Aura
•• WhatWhat areare thethe aerosolaerosol typestypes andand howhow dodo observationsobservations matchmatch aerosolaerosol globalglobal emissionemission && transporttransport models?models? –– CALIPSOCALIPSO aerosolaerosol heightheight informationinformation ++ Aqua/MODISAqua/MODIS && POLDERPOLDER toto getget aerosolaerosol sizesize distributiondistribution andand compositioncomposition •• HowHow dodo aerosolsaerosols contributecontribute toto thethe EarthEarth radiationradiation budget/budget/ climateclimate forcing?forcing? –– CALIPSOCALIPSO aerosolaerosol heightheight informationinformation ++ MODISMODIS && POLDERPOLDER sizesize distributionsdistributions ++ AquaAqua CERESCERES forfor EarthEarth RadiationRadiation budgetbudget •• HowHow doesdoes cloudcloud layeringlayering effecteffect thethe EarthEarth RadiationRadiation budget?budget? –– CloudsatCloudsat ++ CALIPSOCALIPSO ++ MODISMODIS providesprovides cloudcloud heightheight andand thicknessthickness information;information; CERESCERES providesprovides EarthEarth Rad.Rad. BudgetBudget •• WhatWhat isis thethe rolerole ofof PolarPolar StratosphericStratospheric CloudsClouds inin ozoneozone lossloss andand denitrificationdenitrification ofof thethe ArcticArctic vortex?vortex? –– CALIPSOCALIPSO ++ Aura/HIRDLSAura/HIRDLS cloudcloud heightheight measurementmeasurement ++ AuraAura MLSMLS Ozone,Ozone, Temperature,Temperature, HNO3HNO3 andand ClOClO •• WhatWhat isis thethe verticalvertical distributiondistribution ofof cloudcloud water/water/ iceice inin cloudcloud systems?systems? –– CloudsatCloudsat ++ Aura/MLSAura/MLS ++ Aqua/HSBAqua/HSB && AMSR/EAMSR/E
EOSEOS “A“A Train”Train” “““A”AA”” TrainTrainTrain CorrelativeCorrelativeCorrelative MeasurementsMeasurementsMeasurements
•• AIRS/HSB/AMSUAIRS/HSB/AMSU andand MLSMLS -- upperupper tropospherictropospheric waterwater vaporvapor
–– MLS:MLS: UpperUpper tropospherictropospheric OO33,, HH22O,O, CirrusCirrus iceice -- 1.51.5 kmkm verticalvertical resolutionresolution ~~ 7.5minutes7.5minutes behindbehind AquaAqua (fraction(fraction ofof ppmppm accuracy)accuracy) –– HIRDLSHIRDLS 22.522.5 minutesminutes behind-behind- upperupper trop.trop. downdown toto cloudcloud tops,tops, 11 kmkm verticalvertical res.res. •• MODIS,MODIS, PARASOLPARASOL andand OMIOMI -- aerosolsaerosols andand cloudsclouds –– PARASOLPARASOL getsgets polarizationpolarization fromfrom differentdifferent anglesangles whichwhich cancan bebe usedused toto identifyidentify aerosolaerosol typestypes –– OMIOMI getsgets UVUV absorbingabsorbing aerosolsaerosols (smoke,(smoke, dustdust andand sulfates)sulfates) –– MODISMODIS getsgets smallsmall andand largelarge aerosolaerosol concentrationconcentration •• HIRDLSHIRDLS andand CALIPSOCALIPSO –– HIRDLSHIRDLS makesmakes limblimb IRIR aerosolaerosol measurementsmeasurements withwith verticalvertical resolutionresolution ofof 1.51.5 kmkm –– CALIPSOCALIPSO makesmakes aerosolaerosol measurementsmeasurements toto 30m30m •• TESTES andand AIRSAIRS -- SpectralSpectral informationinformation •• TES:TES: SpectralSpectral CoverageCoverage 3.23.2 -- 15.415.4 µµm,m, 0.0250.025 cmcm-1-1 resolutionresolution •• AIRS:AIRS: SpectralSpectral CoverageCoverage 3.43.4 -- 15.415.4 µµm,m, resolutionresolution ~1~1 cmcm-1-1
EOSEOS “A“A Train”Train” SummarySummarySummary ofofof thethethe “““AAA””” TrainTrainTrain
•• TheThe FormationFormation –– AquaAqua (1:30(1:30 PMPM )and)and AuraAura (1:38(1:38 PM))PM)) mustmust maintainmaintain groundtrackgroundtrack onon thethe WRSWRS (±(±2020 km)km) usingusing frequentfrequent burnsburns (once(once everyevery 33 months)months) –– CloudsatCloudsat andand CALIPSOCALIPSO ~20~20 secondsseconds (~140(~140 km)km) behindbehind AquaAqua withinwithin aa controlcontrol boxbox 4040 secondsseconds wide.wide. NearNear endend ofof mission,mission, CALIPSOCALIPSO driftsdrifts (left)(left) acrossacross MODISMODIS swath.swath. –– PARASOLPARASOL isis roughlyroughly linedlined upup AquaAqua aboutabout 33 minutesminutes behindbehind –– AuraAura isis 1515 minutesminutes behindbehind AquaAqua (crossing(crossing timetime isis 1:381:38 PM)PM) •• TheThe ScienceScience –– UnprecedentedUnprecedented cloudcloud sciencescience –– UnprecedentedUnprecedented climate/aerosol/chemistryclimate/aerosol/chemistry sciencescience –– CorrelativeCorrelative measurementsmeasurements •• ChallengesChallenges –– VarietyVariety ofof verticalvertical andand horizontalhorizontal resolutionsresolutions whichwhich willwill bebe challengingchallenging toto matchmatch
EOSEOS “A“A Train”Train” BackupBackupBackup
EOSEOS “A“A Train”Train” FormationFormation FlyingFlying withwith AquaAqua AuraAura andand AquaAqua havehave differentdifferent WRSWRS paths.paths.
TES Limb track TES Limb track MODISMODIS 11501150 kmkm AquaAqua AirsAirs 825825 kmkm OrbitOrbit PlanePlane
N MLSMLS LimbLimb tracktrack Ground track ~2500 km (WRS Path) 1515 minmin CALIPSO o CALIPSO (~(~ 5252o lat)lat) CloudCloud SatSat PARASOLPARASOL 77 minmin CALIPSO/CloudsatCALIPSO/Cloudsat ~2~2 minutesminutes (~(~ 2626oo lat)lat) ~2500 km behind Aqua behind Aqua 73 km ParasolParasol isis 33 minutesminutes behindbehind AquaAqua373 km AuraAura 197 km EquatorEquator OMIOMI 13001300 kmkm 172 km TESTES LimbLimb tracktrack 77 minmin
OMIOMI swathswath isis largerlarger thanthan ~394 km MODISMODIS oror AIRSAIRS
10001000 kmkm 2000km2000km EOSEOS “A“A Train”Train” HIRDLSHIRDLS scanscan AquaAquaAqua’’’sss TemperatureTemperatureTemperature andandand MoistureMoistureMoisture SoundingSoundingSounding SuiteSuiteSuite
AMSUAMSU (Temperature(Temperature AMSR/EAMSR/E (Cloud(Cloud andand moisturemoisture properties,properties, profiles)profiles) precipitation,precipitation, totaltotal 1515 discretediscrete channelschannels inin thethe moisture)moisture) 1212 channelschannels atat rangerange ofof 5050 toto 8989 GHzGHz sixsix discretediscrete frequenciesfrequencies inin thethe rangerange ofof 6.96.9 toto 8989 GHzGHz
AIRSAIRS (Temperature(Temperature && MODISMODIS (Cloud(Cloud andand moisturemoisture profiles,profiles, cloudcloud aerosolaerosol propertiesproperties etc.)etc.) properties)properties) 3636 spectralspectral bandsbands fromfrom 0.40.4 toto 1414 2,3002,300 spectralspectral channelschannels inin thethe rangerange µmµm ofof 0.40.4 toto 1.71.7 µµ andand 3.43.4 toto 15.415.4 µmµm
HSBHSB (Moisture(Moisture CERESCERES (Radiant(Radiant profiles)profiles) energyenergy flux)flux) 55 discretediscrete channelschannels inin TwoTwo sensor,sensor, oneone scanningscanning crosscross thethe rangerange ofof 150150 toto 183183 track,track, thethe otherother scanningscanning MHzMHz azimuthallyazimuthally viewview inin threethree channelschannels perper scanner:scanner: shortwaveshortwave (0.3(0.3 toto 55 µµm),m), longwavelongwave (8(8 toto 1212 µµm),m), andand "total""total" (0.3(0.3 toto >> 5050 µm)µm) EOSEOS “A“A Train”Train”