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Diurnal Variation of Stratospheric Hocl, Clo and HO2 at the Equator
Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 12, 21065–21104, 2012 Atmospheric www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/12/21065/2012/ Chemistry doi:10.5194/acpd-12-21065-2012 and Physics © Author(s) 2012. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Discussions This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP). Please refer to the corresponding final paper in ACP if available. Diurnal variation of stratospheric HOCl, ClO and HO2 at the equator: comparison of 1-D model calculations with measurements of satellite instruments M. Khosravi1, P. Baron2, J. Urban1, L. Froidevaux3, A. I. Jonsson4, Y. Kasai2,5, K. Kuribayashi2,5, C. Mitsuda6, D. P. Murtagh1, H. Sagawa2, M. L. Santee3, T. O. Sato2,5, M. Shiotani7, M. Suzuki8, T. von Clarmann9, K. A. Walker4, and S. Wang3 1Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden 2National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan 3Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA 4Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan 5Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan 6Fujitsu FIP Corporation, Tokyo, Japan 7Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan 8Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Ibaraki, Japan 21065 Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | 9Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe, Germany Received: 10 May 2012 – Accepted: 20 July 2012 – Published: 20 August 2012 Correspondence to: M. Khosravi ([email protected]) Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 21066 Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Abstract The diurnal variation of HOCl and the related species ClO, HO2 and HCl mea- sured by satellites has been compared with the results of a one-dimensional pho- tochemical model. -
Cloudsat CALIPSO
www.nasa.gov andSpaceAdministration National Aeronautics & CloudSat CALIPSO Clean air is important to everyone’s health and well-being. Clean air is vital to life on Earth. An average adult breathes more than 3000 gallons of air every day. In some places, the air we breathe is polluted. Human activities such as driving cars and trucks, burning coal and oil, and manufacturing chemicals release gases and small particles known as aerosols into the atmosphere. Natural processes such as for- est fires and wind-blown desert dust also produce large amounts of aerosols, but roughly half of the to- tal aerosols worldwide results from human activities. Aerosol particles are so small they can remain sus- pended in the air for days or weeks. Smaller aerosols can be breathed into the lungs. In high enough con- centrations, pollution aerosols can threaten human health. Aerosols can also impact our environment. Aerosols reflect sunlight back to space, cooling the Earth’s surface and some types of aerosols also absorb sunlight—heating the atmosphere. Because clouds form on aerosol particles, changes in aerosols can change clouds and even precipitation. These effects can change atmospheric circulation patterns, and, over time, even the Earth’s climate. The Air We Breathe The Air We We need better information, on a global scale from satellites, on where aerosols are produced and where they go. Aerosols can be carried through the atmosphere-traveling hundreds or thousands of miles from their sources. We need this satellite infor- mation to improve daily forecasts of air quality and long-term forecasts of climate change. -
SSC Tenant Meeting: NASA Near Earth Network (NENJ Overview
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20180001495 2019-08-30T12:23:41+00:00Z SSC Tenant Meeting: NASA Near Earth Network (NENJ Overview --- --- ~ I - . - - Project Manager: David Carter Deputy Project Manager: Dave Larsen Chief Engineer: Philip Baldwin Financial Manager: Cristy Wilson Commercial Service Manager: LaMont Ruley ============== February ==============21, 2018 Agenda > NEN Overview > NEN / SSC Relationship > NEN Missions > Future Trends S1ide2 The Near Earth Network (NEN) consists of globally distributed tracking stations that are strategically located throughout the world which provide Telemetry, Tracking, and Commanding (TT&C) services support to a variety of orbital and suborbital flight missions, including Low Earth Orbit (LEO), Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO), highly elliptical, and lunar orbits Network: The NEN is one of.three networks that together comprise the NASA1s Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) Networks The NEN provides cost-effective, high data rate services from a global set of NASA, commercial, and partner ground stations to a mission set that requires hourly to daily contacts Missions: The NEN provides communication services to: - Earth Science missions such as Aqua, Aura, OC0-2, QuikSCAT, and SMAP - Space Science missions including AIM, FSGT, IRIS, NuSTAR, and Swift - Lunar orbiting missions such as LRO - CubeSat missions including the upcoming CryoCube, iSAT, and SOCON Stations: The NEN consists of several polar stations which are vital to polar orbiting missions since they enable communications services -
NASA Earth Science Research Missions NASA Observing System INNOVATIONS
NASA’s Earth Science Division Research Flight Applied Sciences Technology NASA Earth Science Division Overview AMS Washington Forum 2 Mayl 4, 2017 FY18 President’s Budget Blueprint 3/2017 (Pre)FormulationFormulation FY17 Program of Record (Pre)FormulationFormulation Implementation MAIA (~2021) Implementation MAIA (~2021) Landsat 9 Landsat 9 Primary Ops Primary Ops TROPICS (~2021) (2020) TROPICS (~2021) (2020) Extended Ops PACE (2022) Extended Ops XXPACE (2022) geoCARB (~2021) NISAR (2022) geoCARB (~2021) NISAR (2022) SWOT (2021) SWOT (2021) TEMPO (2018) TEMPO (2018) JPSS-2 (NOAA) JPSS-2 (NOAA) InVEST/Cubesats InVEST/Cubesats Sentinel-6A/B (2020, 2025) RBI, OMPS-Limb (2018) Sentinel-6A/B (2020, 2025) RBI, OMPS-Limb (2018) GRACE-FO (2) (2018) GRACE-FO (2) (2018) MiRaTA (2017) MiRaTA (2017) Earth Science Instruments on ISS: ICESat-2 (2018) Earth Science Instruments on ISS: ICESat-2 (2018) CATS, (2020) RAVAN (2016) CATS, (2020) RAVAN (2016) CYGNSS (>2018) CYGNSS (>2018) LIS, (2020) IceCube (2017) LIS, (2020) IceCube (2017) SAGE III, (2020) ISS HARP (2017) SAGE III, (2020) ISS HARP (2017) SORCE, (2017)NISTAR, EPIC (2019) TEMPEST-D (2018) SORCE, (2017)NISTAR, EPIC (2019) TEMPEST-D (2018) TSIS-1, (2018) TSIS-1, (2018) TCTE (NOAA) (NOAA’S DSCOVR) TCTE (NOAA) (NOAA’SXX DSCOVR) ECOSTRESS, (2017) ECOSTRESS, (2017) QuikSCAT (2017) RainCube (2018*) QuikSCAT (2017) RainCube (2018*) GEDI, (2018) CubeRRT (2018*) GEDI, (2018) CubeRRT (2018*) OCO-3, (2018) CIRiS (2018*) OCOXX-3, (2018) CIRiS (2018*) CLARREO-PF, (2020) EOXX-1 CLARREOXX XX-PF, (2020) EOXX-1 -
Cloudsat Overview
CloudSat Overview CloudSat will provide, from space, the first global survey of cloud profiles and cloud physical properties, with seasonal and geographical variations, needed to evaluate the way clouds are parameterized in global models, thereby contributing to improved predictions of weather, climate and the cloud-climate feedback problem. CloudSat will measure the vertical structure of clouds and precipitation from space primarily through 94 GHz radar reflectivity measurements, but also by using a combination of observations from the EOS-PM Constellation of satellites (A-Train). CloudSat will fly in on-orbit formation with the Aqua and CALIPSO satellites, providing a unique, multi-satellite observing system particularly suited for studying the atmospheric processes of the hydrological cycle. 1. Science Objectives • Evaluate the representation of clouds in weather and climate prediction models. CloudSat will provide a global survey of the vertical structure of cloud systems: This vertical structure is fundamentally important for understanding how clouds affect both their local and large-scale atmospheric and radiative environments. • Evaluate the relationship between cloud liquid water and ice content and the radiative properties of clouds. CloudSat will estimate the profiles of cloud liquid water and ice water content. These are the quantities predicted by cloud-process and global-scale models alike and determine practically all important cloud properties, including precipitation and cloud optical properties. CloudSat will provide coincident profile information on the bulk cloud microphysical properties matched to cloud optical properties. Optical properties contrasted against cloud liquid water and ice contents provide a critical test of key parameterizations that enable calculation of flux profiles and radiative heating rates throughout the atmospheric column. -
Aqua Summary (As of October 31, 2017) • Spacecraft Bus – Nominal Operations (Excellent Health) ‒ All Components Remain on Primary Hardware
Aqua Summary (as of October 31, 2017) • Spacecraft Bus – Nominal Operations (Excellent Health) ‒ All components remain on primary hardware. ‒ 13 of 132 Solar Array Strings appear to have failed. Similar failures have occurred on Aura. ‒ Significant power generation margin remains. • MODIS – Nominal Operations (Excellent Health) ‒ All voltages, currents, and temperatures as expected. ‒ All components remain on primary hardware except 10W Lamps used for calibration. • AIRS – Nominal Operations (<5% of Channels degraded) – (Excellent Health) ‒ Cooler A Telemetry is frozen since March 28, 2014 to last known value. Not impacting Science. ‒ All other voltages, currents, and temperatures as expected. ‒ ~200 of 2378 channels are degraded due to radiation, however they are still useful. ‒ Cooler-A Shut Down Anomaly on 9/25, fully recovered on 9/27 (suspected SEU). ‒ Cooler-A Telemetry was restored during recovery activities performed on 9/27/2016. • AMSU-A – Nominal Operations for 10 of 15 Channels (Fair Health) ‒ All voltages, currents, and temperatures as expected. ‒ 3 of 15 channels have been removed from Level 2 processing. 2 channels (#1 & #2) are unavailable. ‒ AMSU-A2 Anomaly on 9/24 caused loss of Channels 1 and 2, initial recovery attempts unsuccessful. ‒ Instrument manufacturer recommends not switching to the A-side to attempt to recover AMSU-A2. • CERES-AFT (FM-3) – Nominal Operations (Excellent Health) ‒ All voltages, currents, and temperatures as expected. ‒ Cross-Track and Biaxial Modes fully functioning. ‒ All channels remain operational. • CERES-FORE (FM-4) – Nominal Operations (Good Health) ‒ All voltages, currents, and temperatures as expected. ‒ Cross-Track is Nominal. Biaxial Mode is Nominal when used. ‒ The shortwave channel failed on March 30, 2005; the other two channels remain operational. -
Orbiting Carbon Observatory SCIENCE WRITERS’ GUIDE
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Orbiting Carbon Observatory SCIENCE WRITERS’ GUIDE December 2008 Orbiting Carbon Observatory SCIENCE WRITERS’ GUIDE CONTACT INFORMATION AND MEDIA RESOURCES Please call the individuals listed below from the Public Affairs Offices at NASA or Orbital before contacting scientists or engineers at these organizations. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Alan Buis, 818-354-0474, [email protected] NASA Headquarters Steve Cole, 202-358-0918, [email protected] NASA Kennedy Space Center George Diller, 321-867-2468, [email protected] Orbital Sciences Corporation Barron Beneski, 703-406-5528, [email protected] NASA Web sites http://oco.jpl.nasa.gov http://www.nasa.gov/oco WRITERS Alan Buis Kathryn Hansen Gretchen Cook-Anderson Rosemary Sullivant DESIGN Deborah McLean Orbiting Carbon Observatory SCIENCE WRITERS’ GUIDE Cover image credit: NASA TABLE OF CONTENTS Science Overview............................................................................ 2 Instrument..................................................................................... 4 Feature Stories The Human Factor: Understanding the Sources of Rising Carbon Dioxide ...................................................... 6 The Orbiting Carbon Observatory and the Mystery of the Missing Sinks ........................................................... 8 Toward a New Generation of Climate Models.................... 10 NASA Mission Meets the Carbon Dioxide Measurement Challenge .................................................... -
The Orbiting Carbon Observatory Mission
Acta Astronautica 56 (2005) 193–197 www.elsevier.com/locate/actaastro The orbitingcarbon observatory mission David Crispa, Christyl Johnsonb,∗ aJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, MS 241-105, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA bNasa HQ, Office of Earth Science, Code YF, 300 E Street SW, Washington DC, USA Abstract The OrbitingCarbon Observatory (OCO) mission was selected by NASA’s Office of Earth Science as the fifth mission in its Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP) Program. OCO will make the first global, space-based measurements of atmospheric CO2 with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize sources and sinks of this important green-house gas. These measurements will improve our ability to forecast CO2-induced climate change. OCO will fly in a 1:15 PM sun-synchronous orbit, sharingits groundtrack with the Earth ObservingSystem (EOS) Aqua platform. It will carry high-resolution spectrometers to measure reflected sunlight in the molecular oxygen (O2) A-band at 0.76 m and the CO2 . X bands at 1.61 and 2 06 m to retrieve the column-averaged CO2 dry air mole fraction, CO2 . A comprehensive validation X and correlative measurement program has been incorporated into this mission to ensure that CO2 can be retrieved with precisions of 0.3% (1 ppm) on regional scales. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction measurements provide strongevidence for a northern hemisphere sink, they cannot discriminate the relative Over the past 40 years, measurements from a global roles of the North American and Asian continents and network of ground-based stations indicate that only the ocean basins. -
Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 Launch Press
National Aeronautics and Space Administration PRESS KIT/JULY 2014 Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 Launch Media Contacts Steve Cole Policy/Program Management 202-358-0918 NASA Headquarters [email protected] Washington Alan Buis Orbiting Carbon 818-354-0474 Jet Propulsion Laboratory Observatory-2 Mission [email protected] Pasadena, California Barron Beneski Spacecraft 703-406-5528 Orbital Sciences Corp. [email protected] Dulles, Virginia Jessica Rye Launch Vehicle 321-730-5646 United Launch Alliance [email protected] Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida George Diller Launch Operations 321-867-2468 Kennedy Space Center, Florida [email protected] Cover: A photograph of the LDSD SIAD-R during launch test preparations in the Missile Assembly Building at the US Navy’s Pacific Missile Range Facility in Kauai, Hawaii. OCO-2 Launch 3 Press Kit Contents Media Services Information. 6 Quick Facts . 7 Mission Overview .............................................................8 Why Study Carbon Dioxide? . 17 Science Goals and Objectives .................................................26 Spacecraft . 27 Science Instrument ...........................................................31 NASA’s Carbon Cycle Science Program ...........................................35 Program and Project Management ................................................37 OCO-2 Launch 5 Press Kit Media Services Information NASA Television Transmission Launch Media Credentials NASA Television is available in continental North News media interested in attending the launch America, Alaska and Hawaii by C-band signal on should contact TSgt Vincent Mouzon in writing at AMC-18C, at 105 degrees west longitude, Transponder U.S. Air Force 30th Space Wing Public Affairs Office, 3C, 3760 MHz, vertical polarization. A Digital Video Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, 93437; by Broadcast (DVB)-compliant Integrated Receiver phone at 805-606-3595; by fax at 805-606-4571; or Decoder is needed for reception. -
Kongsberg Satellite Services Arnulf A
Ground Segment Coordination Body Kongsberg Satellite Services Arnulf A. Kjeldsen, COO GSCB Workshop, 18th-19th June 2009, ESA/ESRIN Frascati WORLD CLASS – through people, technology and dedication Contents 1. KSAT Operations & Facilities 2. Missions supported 3. EO Data Flow & Communication 4. HMA / 2 / 24/06/2009 KSAT Operations • Ground Station Services • Pole to Pole network • Payload data acquisitions • TT&C & Hosting Services •EO Services • Acquisition and processing of image data (SAR and optical) • Provision of NRT maritime services • Oil spill • Ship detection • Direct Image services • Background: Improve logistics and timeliness of data circulation in particular for NRT based applications • Global NRT Data Access • KSAT act as a Clearing House between satellite owners and users • Focus on rapid access to data or information / 3 / 24/06/2009 KSAT ground network – Key Sites Svalsat, 78°N Alaska, 65°N Grimstad, 58°N Tromsø, 69°N Bangalore / 4 / 24-Jun-0924/06/2009 KSAT Northern Stations Svalbard Station (SvalSat) and Tromsø • At 78 deg north, SvalSat and Tromsø has become key stations for EO payload data downlink. Primary Station for missions operated by : • ESA and EUMETSAT • Commercial: RapidEye, GeoEye, Digital Globe • Canada (RadarSat-1/RadarSat-2) • JAXA, ISRO, KARI • NASA Ground Network • NOAA NPOESS programme • Also key station for navigation and telecom • Galileo • Iridium • Ka-band capability for 2010 • • 20 Gbit capacity to Norwegian telecom grid for EO data circulation / 5 / 24/06/2009 KSAT Southern Station - Antarctica -
Cgms-40-Nasa-Wp-51
Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS Status report on the current and future satellite systems by NASA Presented to CGMS-40 plenary session Jack Kaye and Brian Killough, NASA NASA, CGMS-40, November 2012 Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS Overview of NASA’s current and future satellite systems YEAR... 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 TRMM Current Missions – 16 total GPM Core * End dates reflect NASA “Senior Review” approved dates, Landsat-7 but these missions will likely operate much longer. LDCM Future Missions – at least 11 total through 2020 QuikSCAT – operated for cal/val of partner satellites! * 8 missions and 3 instruments. Typical NASA missions are planned Terra for 3 yo 5 years life but have lived much longer in the past. ACRIMSAT EV-I selection to be announced shortly (~2018 launch). NMP EO-1 Additional EV selections are expected but not identified at this time. Jason-1 Jason-2 (OSTM) SWOT GRACE GRACE Follow-On Aqua SORCE Aura Calipso Cloudsat SACD-D Aquarius Soumi NPP • Note: chart does not include satellites OCO-2 that NASA builds for interagency partners, OCO-3 nor does it include cases where we have SAGE-III-ISS * CYGNSS is a newly selected small satellite mission one instrument (e.g., GPSRO) on a SMAP partner’s satellite. ICESAT-II CYGNSS* EV-1 Mission NASA, CGMS-40, November 2012 Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS CURRENT NASA LEO and R&D SATELLITES .. -
Single PMT Detector 1D SS Array Detector Higher Spatial R Es
1980 1990 2000 2010 TOMS Series O3 and SO2 column only Single PMT detector BL Trace Gases: NO , SO , HCHO…. + GHG GOME/SCIAMACHY Series 2 2 1D SS Array detector Higher Spatial Res 13km x 24km Aura/OMI 2D CCD 50km x 50km SNPP/OMPS 2D CCD 17km x 17km NOAA‐20/OMPS 2D CCD 7(5)km x 3.5km Sentinel 5Precursor/ Higher Spatial Res 2D CCD TROPOMI 1980 1990 2000 2010 2017 First detection of April 1982 El Chichon SO2 cloud with the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) [Arlin Krueger, Science, 1983] 2004‐ • Joint Dutch-Finnish instrument with Dutch/Finnish.US Science team • PI: Pieternel Levelt (KNMI) • Hyperspectral wide FOV CCD spectrometer • 270-500nm • 13x24 km nadir footprint (highest resolution) • Swath width 2600km (contiguous coverage) • Launched on NASA EOS Aura platform in 2004 • http://aura.gsfc.nasa.gov • Measures total ozone (O3), O3 profile, SO2, NO2, HCHO, CHO-CHO, aerosols, BrO • The first sensor to provide daily measurements of anthropogenic pollution from space at high resolution • ~12+ years of SO2 and NO2 measurements of volcanoes and pollution sources: collection 3 and improved data Suomi‐NPP Ozone Mapping Profiling Suite (OMPS) 2011‐ http://ozoneaq.gsfc.nasa.gov/omps/ MSVOLSO2L4: UV multi-satellite volcanic SO2 https://SO2.gsfc.nasa.gov/MEaSUREs/ [Bluth et al., 1993; Carn et al., 2003, 2015] Pinatubo El Chichòn Nabro https://SO2.gsfc.nasa.gov/ Annual SO2 emissions and plots (2005‐2017) for > 500 point sources are posted: MSAQSO2L4 https://SO2.gsfc.nasa.gov/MEaSUREs/ https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets/ MSAQSO2L4_V1/summary Annual SO2 emissions: ktons/year OMI detects “missing” SO2 sources from traditional “bottom-up” inventories • An independent “top-down” global SO2 emission inventory • Annual emissions quantified for ~500 large sources, ~40 missing or unreported in “bottom-up” inventories, or ~6-12% of the total anthropogenic sources; • Emissions quantified for 90 volcanoes – large differences between OMI measurements and the Aerocom database.