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Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 Launch Press National Aeronautics and Space Administration PRESS KIT/JULY 2014 Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 Launch Media Contacts Steve Cole Policy/Program Management 202-358-0918 NASA Headquarters [email protected] Washington Alan Buis Orbiting Carbon 818-354-0474 Jet Propulsion Laboratory Observatory-2 Mission [email protected] Pasadena, California Barron Beneski Spacecraft 703-406-5528 Orbital Sciences Corp. [email protected] Dulles, Virginia Jessica Rye Launch Vehicle 321-730-5646 United Launch Alliance [email protected] Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida George Diller Launch Operations 321-867-2468 Kennedy Space Center, Florida [email protected] Cover: A photograph of the LDSD SIAD-R during launch test preparations in the Missile Assembly Building at the US Navy’s Pacific Missile Range Facility in Kauai, Hawaii. OCO-2 Launch 3 Press Kit Contents Media Services Information. 6 Quick Facts . 7 Mission Overview .............................................................8 Why Study Carbon Dioxide? . 17 Science Goals and Objectives .................................................26 Spacecraft . 27 Science Instrument ...........................................................31 NASA’s Carbon Cycle Science Program ...........................................35 Program and Project Management ................................................37 OCO-2 Launch 5 Press Kit Media Services Information NASA Television Transmission Launch Media Credentials NASA Television is available in continental North News media interested in attending the launch America, Alaska and Hawaii by C-band signal on should contact TSgt Vincent Mouzon in writing at AMC-18C, at 105 degrees west longitude, Transponder U.S. Air Force 30th Space Wing Public Affairs Office, 3C, 3760 MHz, vertical polarization. A Digital Video Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, 93437; by Broadcast (DVB)-compliant Integrated Receiver phone at 805-606-3595; by fax at 805-606-4571; or Decoder is needed for reception. Transmission format by email at [email protected] . Please include is DVB-S, 4:2:0. Data rate is 38.80 Mbps; symbol rate full legal name, date of birth, nationality, passport 28.0681, modulation QPSK/DVB-S, FEC 3/4. number and media affiliation. A valid legal form of photo identification will be required upon arrival at Vandenberg NASA TV Multichannel Broadcast includes: NTV-1 to cover the launch. (formally the Public Channel) and NTV-3 (formally the Media Channel) in high definition, and NTV-2 (formally News Center/Status Reports the Education Channel) in standard definition. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 News Center at For digital downlink information for each NASA TV chan- the NASA Vandenberg Resident Office will be staffed nel, access to all three channels online and a schedule beginning on launch minus four days and may be of programming for Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 mis- reached at 805-605-3051. Recorded status reports will sion activities, visit http://www.nasa.gov/ntv . be available beginning on launch minus three days at 805-734-2693. Audio Internet Information Audio of the launch minus two day pre-launch news conferences and launch coverage will be available on The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 News Center at “V-circuits” that may be reached by dialing 321-867- the NASA Vandenberg Resident Office will be staffed 1220, -1240, -1260 or -7135. beginning on launch minus four days and may be reached at 805-605-3051. Recorded status reports will Briefings be available beginning on launch minus three days at 805-734-2693. A mission and science overview news conference is scheduled for NASA Headquarters at 2 p.m. EDT on June 12, 2014. The news conference will be broadcast live on NASA Television. Pre-launch readiness and mis- sion science briefings will be held at 4 p.m. and 5 p.m. PDT (7 p.m. and 8 p.m. EDT), respectively, on launch minus two days in the NASA Resident Office, Building 840, Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. These brief- ings will also be carried live on NASA Television and on http://www.ustream.tv/nasajpl2 . Media advisories will be issued in advance, outlining details of these broad- casts. OCO-2 Launch 6 Press Kit Quick Facts Spacecraft Mission Dimensions: 6.96 feet (2.12 meters) long by 3.08 feet Launch: No earlier than July 1, 2014, at 2:56:44 a.m. (0.94 meters) wide (stowed) PDT (5:56:44 a.m. EDT) from Launch Complex 2 West (SLC-2W), Vandenberg Air Force Base, California Weight (spacecraft and science instrument): 999 pounds (454 kilograms) Launch Vehicle: United Launch Alliance Delta II 7320-10 Power: 815 watts Launch Window: 30 seconds daily Primary Science Instrument: Three-channel grating Primary Mission: Two years spectrometer Orbit Path: Near-polar, sun-synchronous, 438 miles Instrument Dimensions: 5.3 feet by 1.3 feet by 2 feet (705 kilometers), orbiting Earth once every 98.8 minutes (1.6 meters by 0.4 meters by 0.6 meters) and repeating the same ground track every 16 days Instrument Weight: 288 pounds (131 kilograms) Orbital Inclination: 98.2 degrees NASA Investment: $467.7 million (design, development, launch and operations) OCO-2 Launch 7 Press Kit Mission Overview The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 is NASA’s first tion and validation of the observatory. Its observations spacecraft dedicated to making space-based obser- will be correlated with those of instruments aboard vations of atmospheric carbon dioxide, the principal NASA’s Aqua, CloudSat and Aura spacecraft, and the human-produced driver of climate change. This new NASA/CNES Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Earth science mission, developed and managed by Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) and JAXA Global NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, Change Observation Mission - Water 1 (GCOM-W1). California, will have the accuracy, resolution and cover- Among these measurements are temperature, humidity age needed to provide the first complete picture of the and carbon dioxide data from the Atmospheric Infrared geographic distribution and seasonal variations of both Sounder instrument on Aqua; the cloud, aerosol and human and natural sources of carbon dioxide emis- ocean color observations, as well as carbon source sions and the places where they are being absorbed and sink measurements from the Moderate Resolution (sinks), on regional scales at monthly intervals. Imaging Spectroradiometer instrument on Aqua; the cloud and aerosol observations by CloudSat and Currently, about 400 out of every million molecules CALIPSO, respectively; methane and carbon monoxide in Earth’s atmosphere are carbon dioxide. Modeling retrievals from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer studies show that having the ability to estimate global instrument on NASA’s Aura satellite; and nitrogen concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide to an dioxide from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument, also on accuracy of one to two parts per million (0.3 to 0.5 Aura. percent), on regional scales at monthly intervals, would dramatically improve our understanding of the natural The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 is based on the processes and human activities that regulate the abun- original Orbiting Carbon Observatory mission, which dance and distribution of this important greenhouse was developed under NASA’s Earth System Science gas. The observatory will use unique implementations Pathfinder (ESSP) Program. Overseen by NASA’s of mature technologies and advanced analytical tech- Science Mission Directorate, the ESSP Program is a niques to do just that. science-driven program designed to provide an inno- vative approach to Earth science research by provid- Scientists will use data from the mission to better un- ing periodic, competitively selected opportunities to derstand what drives changes in atmospheric carbon accommodate new and emergent scientific priorities. dioxide concentrations, with the goal of making more ESSP projects comprise developmental, high-return reliable forecasts of future atmospheric carbon dioxide Earth science missions, including advanced remote concentrations and how they may affect Earth’s cli- sensing instrument approaches to achieve these priori- mate. This exploratory science mission is designed to ties. New opportunities within the ESSP Program are last at least two years, long enough to validate a novel, made available through NASA’s Earth Venture Class space-based measurement approach and analysis solicitations, which are issued regularly. The ESSP concept that could be applied to future long-term, Program Office, based at NASA’s Langley Research space-based carbon dioxide observing missions. Center in Hampton, Virginia, is responsible for manag- ing, directing and implementing these science investi- The observatory will fly at an altitude of 438 miles gations. (705 kilometers), completing one near-polar Earth orbit every 98.8 minutes. The nearly north-south orbit track The original Orbiting Carbon Observatory was launched repeats every 16 days. It will fly in a formation with the from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, on Feb. other Earth-observing satellites of the 438-mile (705-ki- 24, 2009. During its ascent to orbit, the launch vehicle’s lometer) Afternoon Constellation, or “A-Train,” each of payload fairing failed to separate from the observatory, which monitors various aspects of the same region of preventing the observatory from reaching orbit and re- the atmosphere or Earth’s surface within a few minutes sulting in the loss of the mission. Work on the replace- of each other. Flying as part of the A-Train will
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