Aura Science Writer’S Guide
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The Contribution of Global Ocean Observation of Continuity of HY-2
CGMS-XXXVI-CNSA-WP-04 Prepared by CNSA Agenda Item: III/3&4 The contribution of global ocean observation of continuity of HY-2 satellite HY-2 satellite, an ocean dynamic environment observation satellite, mainly ` objective is monitoring and detecting the parameters of ocean dynamic environment. These parameters include sea surface wind fields, sea surface height, wave height, gravity field, ocean circulation and sea surface temperature etc. The contribution of global ocean observation of continuity of HY-2 satellite 1. Introduction HY-2 satellite scatterometer provides sea surface wind fields, which can offset the observation gap of the plan of global scatterometer. At the same time, HY-2 satellite altimeter provides sea surface height, significant wave height, sea surface wind speed and polar ice sheet elevation, which can offset the observation gap of the plan of global altimeter around 2012, and can offset the observation gap of JASON-1&2 at polar area. More details as follows. 2. Observation of sea surface wind fields The analysis accuracy of wind field for ocean-atmosphere can improve 10-20% by using the satellite scatterometer data, by which can improve greatly the quality of initial wind field of numerical atmospheric forecast model in coastal ocean. Satellite scatterometer data has play important role on study of large-scale ocean phenomenon, such as sea-air interactions, ocean circulation, EI Nino etc. The figure 1 shows that QuikSCAT scatterometer has operational application in 1999, but it has not the following plan. ERS-2 scatterometer mission has transferred to METOP ASCAT in 2006. GCOM-B1 will launch in 2008, one of its payloads is an ocean vector wind measurement (OVWM) instruments, and it also called AlphaScat. -
In Brief Modified to Increase Engine Reliability
r bulletin 102 — may 2000 3rd Space Station ESA, together with a European industrial Element to be Launched consortium headed by DaimlerChrysler (D) and including Belgian, Dutch and French NASA and the Russian Aviation and partners, was responsible for the design, Space Agency (Rosaviakosmos) plan that development and delivery of the core data the next component of the International management system, which provides Space Station (ISS) – the Zvezda service Zvezda’s main computer. module – will be launched on 12 July from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. ESA also has a contract with Rosaviakosmos and RSC-Energia for Following a Joint Programme Review and performing system and interface a General Designers’ Review in Moscow, it integration tasks required for docking with was agreed that Zvezda (Russian for Zvezda by ESA’s Automated Transfer ‘star’) will be launched by a Proton rocket Vehicle (ATV), which will be used for ISS with the second and third stage engines re-boost and logistics support missions In Brief modified to increase engine reliability. from 2003 onwards. Through its ATV industrial consortium led by Aerospatiale Zvezda will provide the early living quarters Matra Lanceurs (F), ESA is also procuring for ISS crew, together with the life sup- some Russian hardware and software for port, electrical power distribution, data use with the ATV. management, flight control, and propul- sion systems for the ISS. On the scientific side, ESA has concluded contracts with Rosaviakosmos and RSC- Energia for the conduct of scientific experiments on Zvezda, including the Global Timing System (GTS) and a radiobiology experiment (called Matroshka) to monitor and analyse radiation doses in ISS crew. -
Estimating Gale to Hurricane Force Winds Using the Satellite Altimeter
VOLUME 28 JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY APRIL 2011 Estimating Gale to Hurricane Force Winds Using the Satellite Altimeter YVES QUILFEN Space Oceanography Laboratory, IFREMER, Plouzane´, France DOUG VANDEMARK Ocean Process Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire BERTRAND CHAPRON Space Oceanography Laboratory, IFREMER, Plouzane´, France HUI FENG Ocean Process Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire JOE SIENKIEWICZ Ocean Prediction Center, NCEP/NOAA, Camp Springs, Maryland (Manuscript received 21 September 2010, in final form 29 November 2010) ABSTRACT A new model is provided for estimating maritime near-surface wind speeds (U10) from satellite altimeter backscatter data during high wind conditions. The model is built using coincident satellite scatterometer and altimeter observations obtained from QuikSCAT and Jason satellite orbit crossovers in 2008 and 2009. The new wind measurements are linear with inverse radar backscatter levels, a result close to the earlier altimeter high wind speed model of Young (1993). By design, the model only applies for wind speeds above 18 m s21. Above this level, standard altimeter wind speed algorithms are not reliable and typically underestimate the true value. Simple rules for applying the new model to the present-day suite of satellite altimeters (Jason-1, Jason-2, and Envisat RA-2) are provided, with a key objective being provision of enhanced data for near-real- time forecast and warning applications surrounding gale to hurricane force wind events. Model limitations and strengths are discussed and highlight the valuable 5-km spatial resolution sea state and wind speed al- timeter information that can complement other data sources included in forecast guidance and air–sea in- teraction studies. -
Evaluation of Multiple Satellite Precipitation Products and Their Use in Hydrological Modelling Over the Luanhe River Basin, China
water Article Evaluation of Multiple Satellite Precipitation Products and Their Use in Hydrological Modelling over the Luanhe River Basin, China Peizhen Ren, Jianzhu Li *, Ping Feng, Yuangang Guo and Qiushuang Ma State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; [email protected] (P.R.); [email protected] (P.F.); [email protected] (Y.G.); [email protected] (Q.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-136-2215-1558 Received: 26 March 2018; Accepted: 14 May 2018; Published: 24 May 2018 Abstract: Satellite precipitation products are unique sources of precipitation measurement that overcome spatial and temporal limitations, but their precision differs in specific catchments and climate zones. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the precipitation data derived from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B42RT, TRMM 3B42, and Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN) products over the Luanhe River basin, North China, from 2001 to 2012. Subsequently, we further explore the performances of these products in hydrological models using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model with parameter and prediction uncertainty analyses. The results show that 3B42 and 3B42RT overestimate precipitation, with BIAs values of 20.17% and 62.80%, respectively, while PERSIANN underestimates precipitation with a BIAs of −6.38%. Overall, 3B42 has the smallest RMSE and MAE and the highest CC values on both daily and monthly scales and performs better than PERSIANN, followed by 3B42RT. The results of the hydrological evaluation suggest that precipitation is a critical source of uncertainty in the SWAT model, and different precipitation values result in parameter uncertainty, which propagates to prediction and water resource management uncertainties. -
GPM) Mission Applications Examples
The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission Applications Examples Dalia Kirschbaum GPM Deputy Project Scientist for Applications [email protected] www.nasa.gov/gpm Twitter: NASA_Rain Facebook: NASA.Rain 1 Applications Overview The new generation of GPM precipitation products advance the societal applications of the data to better address the needs of the end users and their applications areas. The demonstration of value of NASA Earth science data through applications activities has rapidly become an integral piece in translating satellite data into actionable information and knowledge used to inform policy and enhance decision-making at local to global scales. TRMM and GPM precipitation observations can be quickly and easily accessed via various data portals. This PowerPoint provides examples of how GPM is being applied routinely and operationally across a range of societal benefit areas. 2 Societal Benefit Areas Extreme Events and Disasters • Landslides • Floods • Tropical cyclones • Re-insurance Water Resources and Agriculture • Famine Early Warning System • Drought • Water Resource management • Agriculture Weather, Climate & Land Surface Modeling • Numerical Weather Prediction • Land System Modeling • Global Climate Modeling Public Health and Ecology • Disease tracking • Animal migration • Food Security 3 Numerical Weather PreDiction • Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) (557th Weather Wing) incorporates GMI data into their Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, delivering operational worldwide weather products to Air Force and Army units, unified commands, National Programs, and the National Command Authorities. • Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA/NOAA): brings GMI data into their Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS), which is used by the Global Forecast System (GFS) model to initialize weather forecasts with observational data. -
High-Temporal-Resolution Water Level and Storage Change Data Sets for Lakes on the Tibetan Plateau During 2000–2017 Using Mult
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1603–1627, 2019 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1603-2019 © Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. High-temporal-resolution water level and storage change data sets for lakes on the Tibetan Plateau during 2000–2017 using multiple altimetric missions and Landsat-derived lake shoreline positions Xingdong Li1, Di Long1, Qi Huang1, Pengfei Han1, Fanyu Zhao1, and Yoshihide Wada2 1State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China 2International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), 2361 Laxenburg, Austria Correspondence: Di Long ([email protected]) Received: 21 February 2019 – Discussion started: 15 March 2019 Revised: 4 September 2019 – Accepted: 22 September 2019 – Published: 28 October 2019 Abstract. The Tibetan Plateau (TP), known as Asia’s water tower, is quite sensitive to climate change, which is reflected by changes in hydrologic state variables such as lake water storage. Given the extremely limited ground observations on the TP due to the harsh environment and complex terrain, we exploited multiple altimetric mis- sions and Landsat satellite data to create high-temporal-resolution lake water level and storage change time series at weekly to monthly timescales for 52 large lakes (50 lakes larger than 150 km2 and 2 lakes larger than 100 km2) on the TP during 2000–2017. The data sets are available online at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.898411 (Li et al., 2019). With Landsat archives and altimetry data, we developed water levels from lake shoreline posi- tions (i.e., Landsat-derived water levels) that cover the study period and serve as an ideal reference for merging multisource lake water levels with systematic biases being removed. -
Use of Simulated Reflectances Over Bright Desert
This article was downloaded by: [European Space Agency] On: 06 August 2014, At: 01:49 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Remote Sensing Letters Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/trsl20 Use of simulated reflectances over bright desert target as an absolute calibration reference Yves Govaerts a , Sindy Sterckx b & Stefan Adriaensen b a Govaerts Consulting , Brussels , Belgium b VITO, Centre for Remote Sensing and Earth Observation , Mol , Belgium Published online: 05 Feb 2013. To cite this article: Yves Govaerts , Sindy Sterckx & Stefan Adriaensen (2013) Use of simulated reflectances over bright desert target as an absolute calibration reference, Remote Sensing Letters, 4:6, 523-531, DOI: 10.1080/2150704X.2013.764026 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2150704X.2013.764026 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. -
Diurnal Variation of Stratospheric Hocl, Clo and HO2 at the Equator
Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 12, 21065–21104, 2012 Atmospheric www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/12/21065/2012/ Chemistry doi:10.5194/acpd-12-21065-2012 and Physics © Author(s) 2012. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Discussions This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP). Please refer to the corresponding final paper in ACP if available. Diurnal variation of stratospheric HOCl, ClO and HO2 at the equator: comparison of 1-D model calculations with measurements of satellite instruments M. Khosravi1, P. Baron2, J. Urban1, L. Froidevaux3, A. I. Jonsson4, Y. Kasai2,5, K. Kuribayashi2,5, C. Mitsuda6, D. P. Murtagh1, H. Sagawa2, M. L. Santee3, T. O. Sato2,5, M. Shiotani7, M. Suzuki8, T. von Clarmann9, K. A. Walker4, and S. Wang3 1Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden 2National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan 3Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA 4Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan 5Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan 6Fujitsu FIP Corporation, Tokyo, Japan 7Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan 8Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Ibaraki, Japan 21065 Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | 9Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe, Germany Received: 10 May 2012 – Accepted: 20 July 2012 – Published: 20 August 2012 Correspondence to: M. Khosravi ([email protected]) Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 21066 Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Abstract The diurnal variation of HOCl and the related species ClO, HO2 and HCl mea- sured by satellites has been compared with the results of a one-dimensional pho- tochemical model. -
Comparison of AOD Between CALIPSO and MODIS: Significant
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 5, C3425–C3429, Atmospheric 2012 Measurement www.atmos-meas-tech-discuss.net/5/C3425/2012/ Techniques © Author(s) 2012. This work is distributed under Discussions the Creative Commons Attribute 3.0 License. Interactive comment on “Comparison of AOD between CALIPSO and MODIS: significant differences over major dust and biomass burning regions” by X. Ma et al. Anonymous Referee #1 Received and published: 24 December 2012 Comments to the Editor: In this paper, author compares the aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieved by two sen- sors namely, CALIPSO/CALIOP and Terra-Aqua/MODIS, over major dust and biomass burning regions of the world. Author uses level-3 gridded dataset available from both sensors to perform the analysis. They find that though the spatial patterns in AOT appear similar CALIOP tends to retrieve much lower AOD over the Sahara and north- west China; both are source regions of dust outbreaks. On the other hand, CALIOP is found to be higher-than-MODIS in the retrieved AOD over southern African region C3425 where seasonal biomass burning takes place. However, during burning season over South America, CALIOP tends to be lower-than-MODIS which apparently linked to the aerosol load/AOD. Finally, author attributes the discrepancies observed between two sensors to the algorithmic issues such as lidar ratio in CALIOP inversion and aerosol model and surface reflectance in MODIS algorithm. Though author calls for further research to narrow down the exact source of bias, he/she doesn’t show in this paper which sensor is closer to the ground-truth. My main suggestion to author is that he/she should compare both satellite retrievals with AERONET-measured direct AOD values in order to establish the validity of the two products. -
Articles Upon the Hox Family by Comparing Averages of Days Impacted by These Events with Averages of Non-Impacted 3945–3977, Doi:10.5194/Acp-13-3945-2013, 2013
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 2889–2902, 2015 www.atmos-chem-phys.net/15/2889/2015/ doi:10.5194/acp-15-2889-2015 © Author(s) 2015. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Stratospheric and mesospheric HO2 observations from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder L. Millán1,2, S. Wang2, N. Livesey2, D. Kinnison3, H. Sagawa4, and Y. Kasai4 1Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA 2Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA 3National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA 4National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan Correspondence to: L. Millán ([email protected]) Received: 18 June 2014 – Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 8 September 2014 Revised: 17 February 2015 – Accepted: 24 February 2015 – Published: 13 March 2015 Abstract. This study introduces stratospheric and meso- sphere where O3 chemistry is controlled by catalytic cycles spheric hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) estimates from the Aura involving the HOx (HO2, OH and H) family (Brasseur and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) using an offline retrieval Solomon, 2005): (i.e. run separately from the standard MLS algorithm). This new data set provides two daily zonal averages, one during X C O3 ! XO C O2 (R1) daytime from 10 to 0.0032 hPa (using day-minus-night dif- O C XO ! O2 C X; (R2) ferences between 10 and 1 hPa to ameliorate systematic bi- ases) and one during nighttime from 1 to 0.0032 hPa. The where the net effect of these two reactions is simply vertical resolution of this new data set varies from about 4 km O C O ! 2O (R3) at 10 hPa to around 14 km at 0.0032 hPa. -
The Space-Based Global Observing System in 2010 (GOS-2010)
WMO Space Programme SP-7 The Space-based Global Observing For more information, please contact: System in 2010 (GOS-2010) World Meteorological Organization 7 bis, avenue de la Paix – P.O. Box 2300 – CH 1211 Geneva 2 – Switzerland www.wmo.int WMO Space Programme Office Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 85 19 – Fax: +41 (0) 22 730 84 74 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.wmo.int/pages/prog/sat/ WMO-TD No. 1513 WMO Space Programme SP-7 The Space-based Global Observing System in 2010 (GOS-2010) WMO/TD-No. 1513 2010 © World Meteorological Organization, 2010 The right of publication in print, electronic and any other form and in any language is reserved by WMO. Short extracts from WMO publications may be reproduced without authorization, provided that the complete source is clearly indicated. Editorial correspondence and requests to publish, reproduce or translate these publication in part or in whole should be addressed to: Chairperson, Publications Board World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 7 bis, avenue de la Paix Tel.: +41 (0)22 730 84 03 P.O. Box No. 2300 Fax: +41 (0)22 730 80 40 CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] FOREWORD The launching of the world's first artificial satellite on 4 October 1957 ushered a new era of unprecedented scientific and technological achievements. And it was indeed a fortunate coincidence that the ninth session of the WMO Executive Committee – known today as the WMO Executive Council (EC) – was in progress precisely at this moment, for the EC members were very quick to realize that satellite technology held the promise to expand the volume of meteorological data and to fill the notable gaps where land-based observations were not readily available. -
Improved Quality Control for Quikscat Near Real-Time Data
JP4.6 Improved Quality Control for QuikSCAT Near Real-time Data S. Mark Leidner, Ross N. Hoffman, and Mark C. Cerniglia Atmospheric and Environmental Research Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts Abstract errors. We will illustrate the types of errors that occur due to rain contamination and ambiguity removal. SeaWinds on QuikSCAT, launched in June 1999, We will also give examples of how the quality of the provides a new source of surface wind information retrieved winds varies across the satellite track, and over the world’s oceans. This new window on global varies with wind speed. surface vector winds has been a great aid to real- SeaWinds is an active, Ku-band microwave radar time operational users, especially in remote areas operating near ¢¤£¦¥¨§ © and is sensitive to centimeter- of the world. As with in situ observations, the qual- scale or capillary waves on the ocean surface. ity of remotely-sensed geophysical data is closely These waves are usually in equilibrium with the wind. tied to the characteristics of the instrument. But Each radar backscatter observation samples a patch remotely-sensed scatterometer winds also have a of ocean about . The vector wind is re- whole range of additional quality control concerns trieved by combining several backscatter observa- different from those of in situ observation systems. tions made from multiple viewing geometries as the The retrieval of geophysical information from the raw scatterometer passes overhead. The resolution of satellite measurements introduces uncertainties but the retrieved winds is . also produces diagnostics about the reliability of the Backscatter from capillary waves on the ocean retrieved quantities.