Vortrag Zum AGGB-Treffen Am 24.3.2010 in Der GDW
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Social Fascism Revisited
Stefan Vogt. Nationaler Sozialismus und Soziale Demokratie: Die sozialdemokratische Junge Rechte 1918-1945. Bonn: Verlag J.H.W. Dietz Nachf., 2006. 502 S. gebunden, ISBN 978-3-8012-4161-2. Reviewed by Eric Kurlander Published on H-German (May, 2007) During the tumultuous fourteen years of the ed the chief bulwark against both communism Weimar Republic, members of the Communist and fascism. Indeed, leading socialist moderates, Party (KPD) regularly assailed their moderate So‐ sometimes referred to as the Junge Rechte, en‐ cial Democratic Party (SPD) colleagues with accu‐ dorsed "social market" capitalism, peaceful revi‐ sations of "social fascism." By allying with bour‐ sion of the Versailles Treaty, and a bourgeois al‐ geois parties in defense of a liberal democratic liance in defense of liberal democracy. Though state, the Communists argued, the SPD fomented they failed in staving off fascism, these historians nationalist revisionism, monopoly capitalism, argue," the "young Right" succeeded in paving the and--inevitably--fascism. Few western scholars way for the social liberalism of postwar ("Bad have accepted this critique in its entirety, but Godesberg") Social Democracy.[2] many have blamed the Majority Socialists' initial Stefan Vogt's new intellectual history rejects vacillation between Left and Right for the weak‐ this bourgeois revisionism out of hand, adding a ness and ultimate collapse of the Weimar Repub‐ new wrinkle to the "social fascist" paradigm of the lic. Rather than nationalizing heavy industry, 1930s. In Vogt's provocative reading of events, purging the monarchist bureaucracy, or breaking Weimar social democracy enabled fascism not up Junker estates, the SPD colluded with right- only in its hostility to the communist Left but in wing paramilitary groups in 1919 to suppress its ideological commitment to the radical Right. -
Star Wars: the Fascism Awakens Representation and Its Failure from the Weimar Republic to the Galactic Senate Chapman Rackaway University of West Georgia
STAR WARS: THE FASCISM AWAKENS 7 Star Wars: The Fascism Awakens Representation and its Failure from the Weimar Republic to the Galactic Senate Chapman Rackaway University of West Georgia Whether in science fiction or the establishment of an earthly democracy, constitutional design matters especially in the realm of representation. Democracies, no matter how strong or fragile, can fail under the influence of a poorly constructed representation plan. Two strong examples of representational failure emerge from the post-WWI Weimar Republic and the Galactic Republic’s Senate from the Star Wars saga. Both legislatures featured a combination of overbroad representation without minimum thresholds for minor parties to be elected to the legislature and multiple non- citizen constituencies represented in the body. As a result both the Weimar Reichstag and the Galactic Senate fell prey to a power-hungry manipulating zealot who used the divisions within their legislature to accumulate power. As a result, both democracies failed and became tyrannical governments under despotic leaders who eventually would be removed but only after wars of massive casualties. Representation matters, and both the Weimer legislature and Galactic Senate show the problems in designing democratic governments to fairly represent diverse populations while simultaneously limiting the ability of fringe groups to emerge. “The only thing necessary for the triumph of representative democracies. A poor evil is for good men to do nothing.” constitutional design can even lead to tyranny. – Edmund Burke (1848) Among the flaws most potentially damaging to a republic is a faulty representational “So this is how liberty dies … with structure. Republics can actually build too thunderous applause.” - Padme Amidala (Star much representation into their structures, the Wars: Episode III Revenge of the Sith, 2005) result of which is tyranny as a byproduct of democratic failure. -
M. Strohn: the German Army and the Defence of the Reich
Matthias Strohn. The German Army and the Defence of the Reich: Military Doctrine and the Conduct of the Defensive Battle 1918–1939. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. 292 S. ISBN 978-0-521-19199-9. Reviewed by Brendan Murphy Published on H-Soz-u-Kult (November, 2013) This book, a revised version of Matthias political isolation to cooperation in military mat‐ Strohn’s Oxford D.Phil dissertation is a reap‐ ters. These shifts were necessary decisions, as for praisal of German military thought between the ‘the Reichswehr and the Wehrmacht in the early World Wars. Its primary subjects are political and stages of its existence, the core business was to military elites, their debates over the structure find out how the Fatherland could be defended and purpose of the Weimar military, the events against superior enemies’ (p. 3). that shaped or punctuated those debates, and the This shift from offensive to defensive put the official documents generated at the highest levels. Army’s structural subordination to the govern‐ All of the personalities, institutions and schools of ment into practice, and shocked its intellectual thought involved had to deal with a foundational culture into a keener appreciation of facts. To‐ truth: that any likely adversary could destroy ward this end, the author tracks a long and wind‐ their Army and occupy key regions of the country ing road toward the genesis of ‘Heeresdien‐ in short order, so the military’s tradition role was stvorschrfift 300. Truppenführung’, written by doomed to failure. Ludwig Beck and published in two parts in 1933 The author lays out two problems to be ad‐ and 1934, a document which is widely regarded to dressed. -
Republic of Violence: the German Army and Politics, 1918-1923
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2015-09-11 Republic of Violence: The German Army and Politics, 1918-1923 Bucholtz, Matthew N Bucholtz, M. N. (2015). Republic of Violence: The German Army and Politics, 1918-1923 (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/27638 http://hdl.handle.net/11023/2451 doctoral thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Republic of Violence: The German Army and Politics, 1918-1923 By Matthew N. Bucholtz A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN HISTORY CALGARY, ALBERTA SEPTEMBER, 2015 © Matthew Bucholtz 2015 Abstract November 1918 did not bring peace to Germany. Although the First World War was over, Germany began a new and violent chapter as an outbreak of civil war threatened to tear the country apart. The birth of the Weimar Republic, Germany’s first democratic government, did not begin smoothly as republican institutions failed to re-establish centralized political and military authority in the wake of the collapse of the imperial regime. Coupled with painful aftershocks from defeat in the Great War, the immediate postwar era had only one consistent force shaping and guiding political and cultural life: violence. -
Polish Armor of the Blitzkrieg Kindle
POLISH ARMOR OF THE BLITZKRIEG PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Jamie Prenatt,Henry Morshead | 48 pages | 22 Sep 2015 | Bloomsbury Publishing PLC | 9781472808240 | English | Oxford, United Kingdom Polish Armor of the Blitzkrieg PDF Book Panther Medium Tank Stryker Combat Vehicles. Although production of Luftwaffe fighter aircraft continued, they would be unable to fly for lack of fuel. German Light Cruisers After the bombing of Guernica in and the Rotterdam Blitz in , it was commonly assumed that terror bombing was a part of Luftwaffe doctrine. The traditional meaning of blitzkrieg is that of German tactical and operational methodology in the first half of the Second World War, that is often hailed as a new method of warfare. Guderian insisted in to the high command that every tank in the German armoured force must be equipped with a radio. Robert Watt wrote that blitzkrieg has little in common with Soviet deep battle. The German leadership were concerned less with how to balance the civilian economy and the needs of civilian consumption but to figure out how to best prepare the economy for total war. T Main Battle Tank Monologe im Fuhrerhauptquartier — Retrieved 11 July Panzer, a Revolution in Warfare: — War and Economy in the Third Reich. T and T Main Battle Tanks But outdated equipment, doctrine and enormous odds did not stop these units from fighting with bravery and determination before being finally overwhelmed. Spanish Galleon Despite being common in German and English-language journalism during World War II , the word Blitzkrieg was never used by the Wehrmacht as an official military term, except for propaganda. -
Spion Bei Der NATO
Bamler_innen 04.02.2014 12:47 Uhr Seite 3 Peter Böhm Spion bei der NATO Hans-Joachim Bamler, der erste Resident der HV A in Paris Sämtliche Inhalte, Fotos, Texte und Graphiken dieser Leseprobe sind urheberrechtlich geschützt. Sie dürfen ohne !orherige schriftliche Genehmigung "eder ganz noch auszugs"eise kopiert, !erändert, !er!ielfältigt oder !er#$entlicht "erden. Impressum ISBN 978-3-360-01856-4 © 2014 edition ost im Verlag Das Neue Berlin, Berlin Umschlaggestaltung: Buchgut, Berlin, unter Verwendung eines Fotos von Hans-Joachim Bamler, 1966 Fotos: Archiv Bamler S. 14, 16, 19, 39, 41, 44, 49, 57, 63, 75, 81, 87, 91, 130, 145, 147, 160, 171, 186, 193, 195, 203; Peter Böhm S. 35, 102, 112, 135, 140, 143, 144, 150, 153, 159, 164, 175, 179, 184, 188; Robert Allertz 1, 165, 189 Die Bücher der edition ost und des Verlags Das Neue Berlin erscheinen in der Eulenspiegel Verlagsgruppe. www.edition-ost.de Bamler_innen 04.02.2014 12:47 Uhr Seite 1 Das Buch Der Autor Hans-Joachim Bamler und Peter Böhm, Jahrgang 1950, seine Frau Marianne wur- nach dem Philosophiestu- den zu Beginn der 60er dium Hochschullehrer, Jahre nach Paris geschickt, anschließend im Internatio- als sich dort das Hauptquar- nalen Pressezentrum der tier der NATO befand. Dort DDR (IPZ) in Berlin tätig. besaß die Auslandsaufklä- Nach 1990 Pressereferent rung der DDR eine »Quelle«. und freier Journalist. Zu deren Betreuung wurde eine Residentur gebraucht: Bamlers Auftrag lautete, diese aufzubauen und zu führen. Die französische Spionageabwehr entdeckte sie. Jochen Bamler wurde zu 18, Marianne zu 12 Jahren Haft verurteilt, von denen sie mehr als sieben und er über acht Jahre in verschiedenen Haftanstalten unter widrig- sten Verhältnissen absaßen. -
Kurt Von Schleicher the Soldier and Politics in the Run-Up to National Socialism: a Case Study of Civil-Military Relations
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Calhoun, Institutional Archive of the Naval Postgraduate School Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 2013-06 Kurt von Schleicher the soldier and politics in the run-up to national socialism: a case study of civil-military relations Bitter, Alexander B. Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/34631 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS KURT VON SCHLEICHER—THE SOLDIER AND POLITICS IN THE RUN-UP TO NATIONAL SOCIALISM: A CASE STUDY OF CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS by Alexander B. Bitter June 2013 Thesis Co-Advisors: Donald Abenheim Carolyn Halladay Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704–0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202–4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704–0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED June 2013 Master’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS KURT VON SCHLEICHER—THE SOLDIER AND POLITICS IN THE RUN-UP TO NATIONAL SOCIALISM: A CASE STUDY OF CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS 6. -
Vierteljahrshefte Für Zeitgeschichte Jahrgang 32(1984) Heft 3
VIERTELJAHRS HEFTE FÜR ZEITGESCHICHTE Im Auftrag des Instituts für Zeitgeschichte München herausgegeben von KARL DIETRICH BRACHER und HANS-PETER SCHWARZ in Verbindung mit Theodor Eschenburg, Helmut Krausnick, Werner Conze, Karl Dietrich Erdmann, Paul Kluke, Walter Bußmann, Rudolf v. Albertini, Dietrich Geyer, Hans Mommsen, Arnulf Baring und Gerhard A. Ritter Redaktion: Martin Broszat, Ludolf Herbst, Hermann Graml, Hellmuth Auerbach, Wolfgang Benz Geschäftsführender Redakteur: Hermann Graml Anschrift: Institut für Zeitgeschichte, Leonrodstr. 46b, 8000 München 19, Tel. 0 89/180026 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS AUFSATZE Gerhard Schulz Nationalpatriotismus im Widerstand. Ein Problem der europäischen Krise und des Zweiten Welt kriegs - nach vier Jahrzehnten Widerstandsge schichte 331 Rudolf Heydeloff Staranwalt der Rechtsextremisten. Walter Luetge- brune in der Weimarer Republik 373 Wolfgang Benz Zwangswirtschaft und Industrie. Das Problem der Kompensationsgeschäfte am Beispiel des Kasseler Spinnfaser-Prozesses von 1947 422 MISZELLE Peter Hoffmann Warum mißlang das Attentat vom 20. Juli 1944? . 441 DOKUMENTATION Lothar Gruchmann Ein unbequemer Amtsrichter im Dritten Reich. Aus den Personalakten des Dr. Lothar Kreyßig 462 NOTIZEN BIBLIOGRAPHIE . 149 Diesem Heft liegen die Prospekte „Deutschlands Erneuerung 1945-1950" des Antiquariats Cobet, Frankfurt am Main und „Das Gewissen steht auf" v. Hase & Koehler bei. Wir bitten um Beachtung. Verlag und Anzeigenverwaltung: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt GmbH, Neckarstr. 121, 7000 Stuttgart 1, Tel. 0711/2631-0. Erscheinungsweise: -
Operation Safehaven
Synopsis Operation Safehaven Gerard Aalders During the spring of 1944, the US intelligence service Office of Strategic Services (OSS) received a continuously swelling stream of information indicating that the political and economic leaders of Nazi Germany were making preparations to flee abroad as defeat loomed. The Americans were convinced that a new war was being prepared, even as the current one was still being fought. More than half a century later, we in the new millennium may see such fears as absurd, but the Americans of that day were guided by their thorough studies of the history of German militarism in the aftermath of World War I. Investigations by Senate committees had revealed that Germany had begun to build a new army immediately after the end of the World War in 1918, and that at the same time, a well-planned rearmament program had been launched. All that had been top secret. The Treaty of Versailles of 1919 had only permitted Germany a small professional army of 100,000 men (the Reichswehr ), and had banned the arms industry altogether. But the Germans had circumvented “Versailles” in a multitude of ingenious ways, and had made a sport of leading allied control commissions on wild- goose chases. Operation Safehaven, launched in 1944, was to prevent any similar rearmament program from being repeated after the Second World War. Nonetheless, nothing of significance has ever been published about this intriguing operation, which has left its traces in all corners of the globe, and has been recorded in millions of documents. The history of Operation Safehaven – a misleading name, since it merely implies that its purpose was to prevent the Nazis from finding a “safe haven” – cannot be understood without background knowledge of the secret rebuilding of the German military potential after the First World War. -
Das Kabinett Scheidemann, Die Oberste Heeresleitung Und Der Vertrag Von Versail Les Im Juni 1919
Dokumentation HORST MÜHLEISEN ANNEHMEN ODER ABLEHNEN? Das Kabinett Scheidemann, die Oberste Heeresleitung und der Vertrag von Versail les im Juni 1919 Fünf Dokumente aus dem Nachlaß des Hauptmanns Günther von Poseck* Für Walter Heinemeyer zum 75. Geburtstag am 5. August 1987 1. Die Bedeutung der Dokumente Die Ereignisse in Weimar, nach Rückkehr der deutschen Friedensdelegation aus Versailles am 18. Juni 1919, können „immer noch nicht bis in die letzten Einzelhei ten"1 rekonstruiert werden. Eine von Wilhelm Ziegler bereits 1932 geäußerte Ansicht, ein wirklich exaktes Bild von der genauen Reihenfolge der einzelnen Aktionen sei kaum zu gewinnen2, wurde durch die Forschungen von Hagen Schulze bestätigt3. Schulze konnte eine „Aufzeichnung des Ersten Generalquartiermeisters [General leutnant Groener] über die Tage in Weimar vom 18. bis zum 20. Juni 1919" vorle gen4, die im Nachlaß Schleicher vorhanden ist5. Im Mittelpunkt dieser Niederschrift stehen die drei Sitzungen vom 19. Juni 1919 und die beiden Besprechungen Groeners am 18. Juni mit dem preußischen Kriegsmi nister, Oberst Reinhardt, bzw. am 20. Juni 1919 mit Reichswehrminister Noske. * Dem Präsidenten des Bundesarchivs Koblenz, Herrn Prof. Dr. Hans Booms, danke ich sehr für sein förderndes Interesse, mit dem er diese Dokumentation unterstützt hat. Herrn Archivdirektor Dr. Gerhard Granier, Bundesarchiv - Militärarchiv in Freiburg i.Br., bin ich für seine ergänzenden und wertvollen Mitteilungen zu Dank verpflichtet. 1 Udo Wengst, Graf Brockdorff-Rantzau und die außenpolitischen Anfänge der Weimarer Republik (Moderne Geschichte und Politik, Bd. 2), Frankfurt/M. 1973, S. 88. 2 Wilhelm Ziegler, Die deutsche Nationalversammlung 1919/20 und ihr Verfassungswerk, Berlin 1932, S. 76. 3 Akten der Reichskanzlei. Weimarer Republik. -
The Soviet-German Tank Academy at Kama
The Secret School of War: The Soviet-German Tank Academy at Kama THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Ian Johnson Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2012 Master's Examination Committee: Jennifer Siegel, Advisor Peter Mansoor David Hoffmann Copyright by Ian Ona Johnson 2012 Abstract This paper explores the period of military cooperation between the Weimar Period German Army (the Reichswehr), and the Soviet Union. Between 1922 and 1933, four facilities were built in Russia by the two governments, where a variety of training and technological exercises were conducted. These facilities were particularly focused on advances in chemical and biological weapons, airplanes and tanks. The most influential of the four facilities was the tank testing and training grounds (Panzertruppenschule in the German) built along the Kama River, near Kazan in North- Central Russia. Led by German instructors, the school’s curriculum was based around lectures, war games, and technological testing. Soviet and German students studied and worked side by side; German officers in fact often wore the Soviet uniform while at the school, to show solidarity with their fellow officers. Among the German alumni of the school were many of the most famous practitioners of mobile warfare during the Second World War, such as Guderian, Manstein, Kleist and Model. This system of education proved highly innovative. During seven years of operation, the school produced a number of extremely important technological and tactical innovations. Among the new technologies were a new tank chassis system, superior guns, and - perhaps most importantly- a radio that could function within a tank. -
(Mis)Understanding Berlin a Dictionary for Our City
A global local newspaper in cooperation with October 2016 (Mis)Understanding Berlin A dictionary for our city All Berliners know the most so that he actually said he was a memorable four words spoken by pastry. This is, however, a two-fold John F. Kennedy during his 1963 misunderstanding. While in some visit: *Ich bin ein Berliner. He aimed German-speaking regions Berliner is to express that all free citizens of the indeed the term for a certain sweet world, no matter where they live, are cake, Kennedy’s correct use of ein citizens of Berlin, and that as a free only strengthened his much-needed man he is proud to consider himself words of solidarity. Those keen to one of them. Some sneered, and understand Berlin must speak Berlin. still do, that the president’s chosen The Berlin Times alphabet explains the phrase was grammatically incorrect city from A to Z, helping readers learn for including ein before Berliner, what it means today to be ein Berliner. © CHALABALA / FOTOLIA 2 2016 BERLIN IS A ... City of jobs Wundertüte [ˈvʊndɐtyːtə] Berlin is on a roll Bag of marvels By Michael Müller, Mayor of Berlin Wundertüte is a wonderful German word. It is wonderful to be given a Wundertüte as a child, as on your erlin has become a strong lure for people from all over the Berlin is a center of science and learning that is unique in Europe. very first day of school. It customar- world. In recent years, Berlin’s population has grown by more This environment gives rise to new businesses with sustainable jobs ily contains all sorts of sweets and than 40,000 people annually.