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Epitaxy of Hedenbergite Whiskers on Babingtonite in Alpine Fissures at Arvigo, Val Calanca, Grisons, Switzerland

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Epitaxy of Hedenbergite Whiskers on Babingtonite in Alpine Fissures at Arvigo, Val Calanca, Grisons, Switzerland Epitaxy of hedenbergite whiskers on babingtonite in Alpine fissures at Arvigo, Val Calanca, Grisons, Switzerland Autor(en): Armbruster, Thomas / Stalder, Hans Anton / Gnos, Edwin Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: Schweizerische mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen = Bulletin suisse de minéralogie et pétrographie Band (Jahr): 80 (2000) Heft 3 PDF erstellt am: 02.10.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-60967 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. 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MITE SO. 285-290 2000 Epitaxy of hedenbergite whiskers on babingtonite in Alpine fissures at Arvigo, Val Calanca, Grisons, Switzerland by Thomas Armbruster1, Hans Anton Stalder2, Edwin Gnos3, Beda Hofmann4 and Marco Herwegh5 Abstract In a small sample from a low-temperature hydrothermal fissure at Arvigo, Val Calanca, epitaxial whiskers ol hedenbergite Ca(Fe2+, Mg, Mn)[Si206] on the pyroxenoid babingtonite Ca2(Fe2+()46Mg028Mn2+0.26)(Fe3+0.97A1O.03) [Si,Ol4(OH)| (space group PT, a 7.480( 1), b 12.159(1 c 6.678(2) Â, a 86.10(2), ß 93.92( 1), y 112.08(1 )°, V 560.9(2) Â3) were analyzed by single-crystal X-ray methods, scanning electron microscopy, and electron micro- probe analyses. The Zweier-einfachketten of hedenbergite (pyroxene) were found to be coherent with the Fiinfer- einfachketten of babingtonite. The epitaxial babingtonite-pyroxene intergrowth is associated with heulandite, chlorite, and minor fluorite. It is assumed that hedenbergite grew out of babingtonite when the oxygen fugacity substitution decreased at a late stage of the fissure development. Babingtonite from Alpine fissures exhibits pronounced of Mg and Mn24 for Fe24. Keywords: babingtonite. hedenbergite. Alpine fissures, epitaxy, Arvigo, Grisons. Introduction CaFe[Si20(,]. julgoldite Ca2Fe2+Fe3+2(0H)2[Si04J [Si207)H20 (the ferric iron analogue of pumpel- Babingtonite, Ca2Fe2+Fe3+[Si50|4(0H)], a pyroxenoid lyite),and andradite Ca3Fe3+2[Si04]3 (Burt, 1971). group mineral, is characteristic of zeolitic The chemical composition of babingtonite is veins and cavities in basic igneous rocks and remarkably consistent with the idealized formula granites (e.g.. Burt, 1971; Franzini et al. 1978; with mainly Mn2+ and Mg substituting for Fe2+. Birch, 1983; Wise and Moller, 1990) but has Mangan babingtonite, Ca2(Mn2+,Fe2+)Fe3+ also been reported from skarn deposits (e.g., [Si5014(OH)]. has also been reported as an Gole, 1981; Burns and Dyar. 1991). Other independent species from skarn deposits (Vinogra- occurrences are in pegmatites (Janecek and Sach- dova et al., 1966; Burt and London, 1978). ANB1NSKI, 1992; Orlandi et al„ 1998) and in Recently, the scandium analogue, scandiobabing- calcareous volcanic detritus (Duggan, 1986). tonite, Ca2(Fe24,Mn2+)Sc[Si?0|4(0H)], has been Bircii (1983) estimated for babingtonite in defined from the Baveno pegmatite. Piedmont. zeolitic veins at Harcourt, Victoria, Australia, Italy (Orlandi et al.. 1998). crystallization conditions of the order of 0.5 kbar Babingtonite is triclinic (space group P 1) and between 100 and 150 °C. Similar conditions of 150— has a Fünfer-einfachkette of [Si50,4(OH)] 200 CC and ca. 0.5 kbar were reported for babingtonite composition (Araki and Zoltal 1972; Kosoi, 1976). from cavities of the Deccan basalts in Hydrogen occurs as a silanol group (Si-OH), India (Wise and Moller, 1990). Other Ca-Fe-sili- hydrogen bonded to an adjacent tetrahedron of the cates commonly associated with babingtonite same chain unit (Tagai et al., 1990). Czank are ilvaite CaFe2+2Fe3+0(0H)[Si207].hedenbergite (1981), performing a high resolution electron 1 Laboratorium für chemische und mineralogische Kristallographie, Universität Bern. Freiestr. 3, CH-3012 Bern. Switzerland. <[email protected]> 2 Pelikanweg 40, CH-3074 Muri. Switzerland. 3 Mineralogisch-Pelrographisches Institut. Universität Bern, Baltzerstr. 1. CH-3012 Bern. Switzerland. 2 Naturhistorisches Museum. Bernastr. I5.CH-3005 Bern, Switzerland. 4 Geologisches Institut. Universität Bern. Baltzerstr. 1. CH-3012 Bern. Switzerland. 286 TH. ARMBRUSTER, H.A. STALDER, E. GNOS, B. HOFMANN AND M. HERWEGH Fig. 1 Microscopical photograph (planar polarized light) of babingtonite crystals with epitaxial hedenbergitc whiskers; base of image is 1.6 mm. Fig. 2 Scanning electron microscopic picture of composite babingtonite-hedenberite crystals. The base of the is 0.174 picture mm. Babingtonite forms the central back bone out of which epitaxial whiskers of hedenbergite grew. EPITAXY OF HEDENBERGITE WHISKERS ON BABINCTONITE IN ALPINE FISSURES 2S7 microscopic study, recognized planar chain periodicity The asbestos like fibers of the felt are grown faults giving rise to domains with chain parallel to each other, nearly perpendicular to the translations of 3. 7. 9 and 11 tetrahedra. elongation of the central crystal. Thus, when The first and only occurrence of bahingtonite viewed with the binocular the composites appear in Switzerland was reported by Graeser and as tiny'sandwiches'. When the composites are Stalder (1976) from Alpine fissures in a gneiss immersed in oil and viewed with a polarizing microscope of the quarry at Arvigo in Val Calanca, Grisons. the dominant green crystals in the center At this locality black babingtonite crystals are can be well distinguished from the attached associated with epidote, titanite, prehnite, adu- whiskers (Fig. 1). In contrast, only a narrow ridge laria, chlorite, and calcite. of the central crystal can be seen and the thin epitaxial whiskers dominate the appearance when imaging the morphology of the composites with a Sample description scanning electron microscope (Fig. 2). Energy dispersive analyses (EDA) performed The so called 'Calancagranit' (mainly used as with a scanning electron microscope gave the building stone) mined at Arvigo (Grisons) is actually approximate compositions Ca2(Fe12Mna5Mg(l2Al{u) a banded biotite gneiss intercalated with [Sis014(OH)] and Ca2(Fe08Mn()5Mgo6Alo more massy, light coloured two mica gneiss and [SisO^OFf)] for the central crystal (after normalization less frequently with calcsilicate lenses. Tectoni- for babingtonite stoichiometry, see cally the rocks belong to the upper Simano nappe. below). The thin fibers, epitaxially attached to Among collectors the Arvigo quarries became babingtonite, had the approximate composition famous for the large number of Alpine fissure Ca(Fe0.5Mg03Mn02)[Si2O6] (after normalization minerals. Most of the fissure minerals belong to the so to pyroxene stoichiometry, see below). called 'Fundortgruppe lüg' (Wagner and Stalder, 2000a,b) characterized by the assemblage epidote, prehnite, and various zeolites. In general, Experimental epidote is overgrown by prehnite and zeolites, indicating that epidote is one of the primary minerals Using a binocular, composite crystals were shaved within this late fissure mineral assemblage. with a scalpel to remove the attached whiskers. A very rare mineral in the same 'Fundortgruppe One separated crystal, 0.10 x 0.10 X 0.05 mm1 in lüg' at Arvigo is vanadinite (Cuchet et al., 1995). size, appeared transparent, bottle green and was Fluid inclusion measurements on fissure quartz only covered with few bristles. This specimen was (Wagner and Stalder. 2000a,b) yielded two used for further investigation with an Enraf Nonius generations, CO, rich (35-70 vol%) inclusions in CAD4 and a Siemens SMART system the central parts of quartz which homogenize equipped with a CCD area detector. Both diffrac- above 310 °C and rather salt-poor water inclusions tometers were operated with graphite monochro- (gas bubble and liquid H:0) in the rims of matized MoKa X-radiation. Using the CAD4 the quartz crystals. These latter inclusions homogenize precise cell dimensions were determined from 25 between 160 °C and 180 °C. Solid inclusions reflection positions with 0 > 15°. in the quartz rims are fibrous actinolite, In an additional experiment several composite epidote. chlorite, and occasionally calcite.These crystals were glued on the tip of a fine glass fiber minerals are all characteristic of the epidote-preh- (0.05 mm in diameter) and a rotation diffraction nite-zeolite fissure group. Frequently, the quartz pattern was recorded with the CCD camera of the rim and core are separated by layers of fibrous SMART system. This picture revealed sharp spots actinolite.
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