Market Survey cum Detailed Project Report

on

Tea Plantation, Blending & Packaging [NPCS/5242/23749] OP: BCCACA RP:OS-1

Prepared By: NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES AN ISO 9001:2015 CERTIFIED COMPANY 106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Mall St., Delhi – 110 007 (India) Tel: 91-11-23843955, 23845886, 23845654, +918800733955 Mobile: +919097075054 Fax: 91-11-23845886 E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Website: www.niir.org www.entrepreneurindia.co

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Copyright and Disclaimers

While NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES (NPCS) have used their best efforts in preparing this report, the objective is to render finest information to the client. Prior to making a firm decision for investment in the project the client must verify the assorted feasibility aspects independently. The source of the information provided in the report is conscientious. NPCS shall not be liable for any loss or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. Any clarification regarding the report may be sought within 20 days, from the date of delivery.

All copyrights are reserved with NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES. This report is sold subject to condition that it shall not, by way of trade of otherwise, to lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the prior written consent, in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is produced and without a similar consent including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser and without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this report may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise), without the prior written permission of NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES (NPCS). While the report has been prepared very carefully, yet NPCS do not hold any responsibility on the subject of the report. Claims for incomprehensiveness of the project report shall not be entertained. All disputes will be Subject to Delhi Jurisdiction only.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Introduction ...... 9 Properties ...... 12 Benefits of Green Tea ...... 15 Cancer prevention ...... 15 Heart benefits ...... 15 Lower cholesterol ...... 15 Stroke risk ...... 16 Diabetes ...... 16 Weight loss ...... 16 Inflammatory skin diseases ...... 16 Working memory ...... 16 Uses and Application ...... 17 Green tea in cosmetics ...... 17 Protecting Against Skin Cancer ...... 18 Fights Premature Aging ...... 18 Reduce Redness and Irritation ...... 18 Treats Acne ...... 19 Moisturizes Skin ...... 19 Green tea for fragrances ...... 19 Deodorizing ...... 19 Scenting ...... 20 Green tea in dyes ...... 21 Dying ...... 21 Decorating ...... 22 Green tea in Gardening ...... 22 Green tea in beverages ...... 23 Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) Provision and Specification ...... 28 Market Study and Assessment ...... 29 Current Indian Market Scenario ...... 29 Tea Manufacturers and Exports in India ...... 33 List of Top 50 Indian Tea Exporters (2015 to 2019) ...... 43 Global Market Scenario ...... 51 Estimated market forecast ...... 53 Regional Insights ...... 53

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Product Insights ...... 61 Flavour Insights ...... 61 Distribution Channel Insights ...... 62 Market Opportunity ...... 63 Statistics of Import and Export ...... 66 Sample of Export Data of Tea (country-wise) 2019-2020 ...... 66 Total Import Data of India ...... 68 Import Data of green tea to India (October 2020)...... 69 Import Data of green tea to India (November 2020) ...... 73 Export of data of green tea from India 2019-2020 ...... 77 Export of green tea oil in November 2020 ...... 81 Financials & Comparison of Major Indian Players/Companies ...... 85 Section – I ...... 86 Name of Company with Contact Details ...... 87 Address of Indian Players in India ...... 89 List of top Indian importers/buyers of green tea ...... 90 Section – II ...... 92 Tata Consumer Products (Tata Tea) ...... 93 Profit & Loss Statement ...... 93 Balance Sheet of Tata Tea ...... 96 Cash Flow ...... 99 Hindustan Unilever ...... 102 Profit & Loss Statement ...... 102 Cash Flow Statement ...... 103 Balance Sheet ...... 106 Manpower Requirement ...... 109 Plant & Machinery ...... 110 List of Plant & Machinery ...... 110 Electric Load and Water ...... 115 Maintenance Cost ...... 115 Sources of Plant and Machinery...... 116 Tea Production Machinery ...... 116 Packaging Machine ...... 120 Varieties of Tea ...... 122

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Flavored tea ...... 126 Cultivation of tea ...... 131 Growth Conditions ...... 133 Climate ...... 133 Soil ...... 133 Irrigation ...... 134 Propagation...... 134 Vegetative Propagation ...... 134 Land Preparation ...... 135 Sowing ...... 136 Shade management ...... 137 Weed control ...... 137 Plant Protection ...... 138 Insect-Pest and Their Management ...... 138 Training and Pruning ...... 145 Manures and fertilizers ...... 147 Harvesting or Plucking ...... 149 Yield ...... 150 Processing of green tea ...... 150 Withering ...... 151 Rolling ...... 152 Fermentation ...... 153 Drying ...... 153 Grading ...... 154 Manufacturing Process and Formulations ...... 155 Detailed Process of Manufacture with Formulation ...... 155 Selection and preparation of Raw material ...... 155 List of Raw Material ...... 155 Prescribed Quality of Raw Materials ...... 156 Plucking ...... 156 Cooling...... 157 Roasting or Pan Frying ...... 157 Re-cooling ...... 157 Drying ...... 157

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Pre-sieving and final sieving ...... 157 Packaging Material ...... 158 Process Flow Sheet Diagram ...... 159 List of Supplier of Agricultural Equipment ...... 160 Tractors ...... 160 List of Supplier of Raw Material ...... 161 List of Supplier of Packaging Material ...... 165 Green Tea Packaging Box ...... 165 Plant Layout ...... 167 Built Up Area ...... 167 Photographs / Images for Reference ...... 170 Agriculture Equipment ...... 170 Irrigation System ...... 171 Product Photographs ...... 171 Financial Analysis of the Project ...... 170

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FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF THE PROJECT

Annexure

Assumptions for Profitability Workings ……………………………..…………………….…1

Plant Economics………………..…………………………………………….…………………….2

Total Project Cost….…………………..…………………………………………………………..3

Land and Building………………………………………………………….…………….………..4

Plant and Machinery……………………………………..…………..……………….……….….5

Other Assets and Preliminary Expenses…………………………………………….…….….6

Profit and Loss Statement ………………………………………………………………….……7

Total Fixed Capital ……………………………………………………..………………………...8

Cultivation Cost……..……………………………………………………………………………..9

Manufacturing Cost……………………………………………………………………………...10

Administration and Selling Expenses….…………………..…………………………….….11

Depreciation Schedule……………………………………………………………………..……12

Balance Sheet ………………………………………………………….…………………………13

ROI (Average of Fixed Assets) RONW (Average of Share Capital) ROI (Average of Total Assets)

Inventory………………………………………………………………………………………...... 14

Equity Share Capital……………………………………………………………..………………15

Continued on Next Page

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Accounting Ratios………………………………………………………….………………...... 16

Sensitivity Analysis…………………………………………………………………….…17 to 19

Resultant N.P.B.T Resultant D.S.C.R Resultant PV Ratio Resultant DER Resultant ROI Resultant BEP

Earnings Per Share………………………………………………………………………….…...20

Total Raw Material Cost…………………………………………………………………………21

Profitability Ratios……………………………………………………………………………22-23

Debt Equity Ratio Profit Volume Ratio

Breakeven Analysis………………………………………………………………………………24

Variable Cost & Expenses Semi-Variable/ Semi-Fixed Expenses Profit Volume Ratio (PVR) Fixed Expenses / Cost B.E.P

Term Loans and Working Capital Loan Details……………………………………………25

Loan for Term Loans……………….………………………………………………….…………26

Loan for Working Capital Loan……………………..…………………………………………27

Loan for Short Term Borrowing…………. ……………………………………….………..…28

Projected Payback Period…………………………………………………………..……..……29

Internal Rate Return…………………………………………………………………..…………30

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Introduction

Like all other varieties of tea, green tea comes from the same evergreen plant named Camellia sinensis. However, it is made from unfermented leaves with minimal processing. It reportedly contains the highest concentration of antioxidants called polyphenols. Antioxidants are substances that fight and reduce free radicals and prevent some of the damage they cause to our cells, including cancer and heart disease. Asia Pacific is one of the main manufacturers and exporter of Green Tea. Countries like India, China, and Japan are the leading Green Tea manufacturer and exporter of Green Tea.

Green tea is a favorite among fitness enthusiasts. Unlike other teas, green tea is among the least oxidized of all teas. It is quickly preserved and heated to prevent oxidation, the same process that turns the color of an apple after you slice it because it is exposed to oxygen. Due to the difference in its processing, green tea retains the maximum amounts of antioxidants and polyphenols that are responsible for its many health benefits. It has been shown to improve blood flow, lower cholesterol, prevent a range of heart-related conditions, as well as keep blood sugar stable in people with diabetes, and protect against the damage of a high-fat diet (among other things). Sipping green tea also helps you to relax due to the presence of a natural chemical called theanine, which is known to provide a calming effect.

Green tea contains bioactive compounds which improves brain functionality and physical performance. Consumption of green tea lowers the risk of developing diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Green tea also reduces the risk of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer. This is the key factor which increases the adoption of green tea among ageing population. Medicinal aspects of green tea are fuelling the demand of green tea throughout the world. Moreover, introduction of innovative flavored products is likely to increase the consumption rate of green tea in near future. The rising awareness regarding the health benefits and growing focus of consumers on leading a healthy lifestyle are some crucial factors that are expected to propel the growth of the green tea market. The rising number of obesity

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cases and people suffering from cardiovascular diseases is estimated to stir up the demand for green tea across the globe.

Green teas (Indian) are grown mostly in tea estates in Darjeeling (West Bengal). High- altitude Darjeeling is grown green teas have a special astringent flavor to them, whereas Nilgiri green teas grown in South India have distinct vegetal notes with a stronger taste.

In 1992, the world production of all tea was almost 2.5 million tons. Most of the tea production is produced in the subtropical areas of Asia, including China, India, Sri Lanka, Japan and Indonesia. Currently, more than 35 countries produce tea, with India, China and Sri Lanka as leaders. Black tea is the most widely produced, followed by oolong and jasmine tea. Besides the distinction between varieties of tea, the main difference between the type of tea is the method of processing. Green tea leaves are picked and shipped immediately to be dried or steamed to prevent fermentation, while black and other types of tea are left to ferment once picked.

Green tea originated in China for medicinal purposes and its first recorded use was 4,000 years ago. In the 3rd century, it became a daily drink and cultivation and processing began. Today, China has hundreds of different types of green teas. Other green tea producers are India, Indonesia, Korea, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Green tea was first introduced to Japan during the Nara period (710-794), when numerous Japanese Buddhist monks visited China and brought tea seeds to Japan. The Japanese tea industry is said to have started in 1191, when the monk Eisai planted tea seeds from China in the temple land. Later, he encouraged tea cultivation in other areas of Japan by extolling the health benefits of drinking tea.

Brewing and serving tea as an art form (sado, the form of tea) was introduced to Japan during the 11th century. The origins date back to the Tang Dynasty of China (618-907), when a ritual was performed in Buddhist temples. A brick of tea was ground into powder, mixed in a kettle with hot water, and served in ceramic bowls. The form of chanoyu practiced today was established in the second half of the 16th century by Rikyu. Chanoyu involves more than just enjoying a cup of tea in a stylish way. The ceremony developed under the influence of Zen Buddhism aims to purify the soul by becoming one with nature. The true spirit of the tea ceremony has been described in

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terms such as tranquility, rusticity, and grace. The rules of etiquette are carefully calculated to achieve the best possible economy of movement.

For about 500 years after the introduction of tea in Japan, it was used solely in powder form. It wasn't until the mid-16th century that the conventional green tea processing method was invented. Before the Edo period (1600-1868), tea consumption was limited to the ruling class. It was only after the beginning of the 20th century, with the introduction of mass production techniques, that tea achieved widespread popularity among the general population. Although traditionally green tea was produced manually, the process has been completely mechanized in Japan. The various types of tea currently produced differ based on growing practices and processing methods. Sencha is a tea with three quality levels: high, medium and low. It is made from the top two tender leaves and buds for high and medium grades and the third top sheet for low grade.

Sencha, which comprises 80% of all green tea production, is made up of small, dark green, needle-shaped chunks. Almost immediately after harvest, the leaves are steamed for about 30 seconds to seal in the flavour, followed by drying, pressing, and laminating steps. Gyokura is the highest quality tea and is made from the most tender leaves that are grown under 90% shade with bamboo blinds. Matcha is made from similar leaves and is processed into a powder form for exclusive use in the tea ceremony. Bancha is a low grade thick tea made from older leaves picked after the Sencha leaves are picked or picked in the summer. It is generally made up of lower grade tea leaves, which are divided into two types: large leaf and small leaf.

Houjicha is a wedge shaped tea made from Bancha that is roasted at 302 ° F (150 ° C) to prevent fermentation and produces a light golden color when brewed. Kamairicha comes from northern Kyushu and is first roasted at 392-572 ° F (200-300 ° C) and then cooled to 212 ° F (100 ° C). Green tea is traditionally served without sugar, milk, or lemon, as these would destroy the true taste and aroma of the tea.

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Properties

Properties of various components of Green Tea are-

Catechins (Astringency component in tea)

• Decreases blood cholesterol • Body fat reduction • Cancer prevention effect • Antioxidant • Tooth decay prevention, antibacterial effect • Anti-influenza effect • Inhibits high blood pressure • Anti-hyperglycemic effect • Bad breath prevention (deodorizing effect)

Caffeine (Bitterness component in tea)

• Increases alertness (decreases tiredness and drowsiness) • Increases stamina • Hangover prevention • Mild diuretic

Theanine (Full-bodied flavor component in tea) • Neuronal cell protection • Relaxation effect (promotes α wave production) • Lowering of blood pressure

Vitamin C • Maintenance of healthy skin and mucus • membrane (collagen formation) • Antioxidant

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Vitamin B2 • Maintenance of healthy skin andmucus membrane

Folic acid • Prevention of fetal neural tube defects (NTD) • Prevention of arterial sclerosis

β-carotene • Maintenance of nighttime vision

Vitamin E • Antioxidant

Saponins • Lowering of blood pressure • Anti-influenza effect

Fluorine • Prevention of tooth decay

γ-aminobutyric acid GABA） • Lowering of blood pressure

Minerals (Potassium, calcium, phosphorus, manganese, etc.) • Biological regulators

Chlorophyll • Deodorizing effect

Both black tea and green tea (as well as white tea and oolong tea) are made from the same tea plant (Camellia sinensis). The difference lies in the way tea leaves are

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processed (and oxidized) by manufacturers. Both teas contain different types and levels of polyphenols with powerful health benefits.

Green tea Black Tea • Non-fermented • Fermented • Minimal processing • Additional processing • Contains • Contains • Catechins – 80-90% • Catechins – 20-30% • Flavonols – <10% of total • Flavonoids – 60-70% flavonoids (Theaflavins–10%, • The infused leaf is green, and the liquor Thearubigins–50-60%) is mild, pale green or lemon-yellow • The infused leaf has a dark- brownish color and a sweet aroma

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Benefits of Green Tea

Green tea is made from unoxidized leaves and is one of the less processed types of tea. It therefore contains the most antioxidants and beneficial polyphenols.

Cancer prevention

According to the National Cancer Institute, the polyphenols in tea have been shown to decrease tumor growth in laboratory and animal studies and may protect against damage caused by ultraviolet UVB radiation. In countries where green tea consumption is high, cancer rates tend to be lower, but it is impossible to know for sure whether it is the green tea that prevents cancer in these particular populations or other lifestyle factors.

Heart benefits

A 2006 study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association concluded that green tea consumption is associated with reduced mortality due to all causes, including cardiovascular disease. The study followed over 40,000 Japanese participants between the ages of 40 and 79 for 11 years, starting in 1994. The participants who drank at least 5 cups of green tea per day had a significantly lower risk of dying (especially from cardiovascular disease) than those who drank less than one cup of tea per day.

Lower cholesterol

An analysis of published studies in 201 found that consuming green tea, either as a beverage or in capsule form, was linked to significant but modest reductions in total and LDL or “bad” cholesterol.

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Stroke risk

Drinking green tea or coffee on a regular basis is associated with a reduced risk of stroke, according to a study published in the journal Stroke: Journal of the American Heart Association. The lead author of the study, Dr. Yoshihiro Kokubo, Ph.D., said, “This is the first large- scale study to examine the combined effects of both green tea and coffee on stroke risks. You may make a small but positive lifestyle change to help lower the risk of stroke by adding daily green tea to your diet.”

Diabetes

Studies concerning the relationship between green tea and diabetes have been inconsistent. Some have shown a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes for green tea drinkers than for those who consumed no tea, while other studies have found no association between tea consumption and diabetes at all.

Weight loss

Green tea may promote a small, non-significant weight loss in overweight and obese adults; however, since weight loss in the studies was so minimal, it is unlikely that green tea is clinically important for weight loss.

Inflammatory skin diseases

A 2007 study concluded that green tea could hold promise as a new treatment for skin disorders such as psoriasis and dandruff. Researchers studied an animal model for inflammatory skin diseases, often characterized by patches of dry, red, flaky skin caused by the inflammation and overproduction of skin cells. Those treated with green tea showed slower growth of skin cells and the presence of a gene that regulates the cells’ life cycles.

Working memory

Research published in the journal Psychopharmacology suggests that green tea can enhance our brain’s cognitive functions, particularly the working memory. The research team said their findings suggest that green tea could be promising in the treatment of cognitive impairments associated with neuropsychiatric disorders, such as dementia.

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Uses and Application

Green tea in cosmetics

Green tea doesn’t only have properties that improve the mind and body. It can also benefit the skin, which is why it’s often included as an ingredient in many types of beauty products. Green tea is the active ingredient found in many cosmetics and skin care products on the market. It's one of the most natural ways to improve the appearance of skin. While gulping down green tea is great for overall health, putting it on your face can also offer incredible skin benefits.

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Protecting Against Skin Cancer

Green tea contains polyphenols and six different types of catechins, with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epicatechin gallate (ECG) having the most potency. These compounds have antoxidant properties.

Antioxidants are molecules that have the ability to fight free radicals in the body. Free radicals are compounds that can harm your body, your health, and your skin if their levels get too high. They can cause cellular damage, and have been linked to many diseases, including cancer.

According to a 2020 study, the antioxidant power of EGCG can help repair DNA damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun. This, in turn, can help protect you from nonmelanoma skin cancer.

Fights Premature Aging

A 2003 study showed that the antioxidant EGCG, which is abundant in green tea, has the ability to rejuvenate dying skin cells. By protecting and repairing your cells, this antioxidant can combat signs of aging and make dull skin look healthier.

The vitamins in green tea, especially vitamin B-2, can also keep your skin looking more youthful. Vitamin B-2 has the ability to maintain collagen levels, which can improve the firmness of your skin.

Reduce Redness and Irritation

Green tea also has anti-inflammatory properties. This is due to the tea’s high content of polyphenols. Green tea’s anti-inflammatory properties can help reduce skin irritation, skin redness, and swelling. Applying green tea to your skin can soothe minor cuts and sunburn, too.

Due to its anti-inflammatory properties, studies have also found topical green tea to be an effective remedy for many dermatological conditions. It can soothe irritation and itching caused by psoriasis, dermatitis, and rosacea, and it may also be helpful for treating keloids.

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Treats Acne

The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties in green tea may make it an effective treatment for acne and oily skin.

According to research, the polyphenols in green tea, when applied to the skin, help reduce sebum secretion, which can lead to acne.

The polyphenols in green tea also have the ability to fight against infection by damaging bacterial membranes. This means that green tea can be a useful tool for controlling acterial growth that can cause acne.

Moisturizes Skin Green tea contains several vitamins, including vitamin E, which is known for its ability to nourish and hydrate the skin.

In one study, participants applied an experimental formulation of green tea extract to their forearm for 15 and 30 days. At the end of the study, the researchers found that the participants had increased skin moisture and a reduction in skin roughness.

Green tea for fragrances

Deodorizing

Tea leaves are highly absorbent and can attract odor from anything they come in contact with or even sit next to. This is one reason you should take care to store fresh tea away from pantry items with strong odors, such as coffee and spices. But it's also the reason you can reliably turn to tea when you need to rid different areas of your household of a stubborn odor.

Carpets: Sprinkle dried or steeped tea leaves across a stinky carpet and let them sit for 20 minutes to an hour. Then vacuum them up. If you used steeped tea leaves, make sure they've started to dry out; you don't want them too wet or they may stain the carpet. If you use a flavored tea, like lemon or cinnamon, you'll get a nice scent left behind.

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Cat litter: Sprinkle dried tea leaves into Puss’s litter box and just changes them out whenever you change out the litter.

Fridge: Tea can soak up funky fridge odors just like baking soda. Place dried out tea leaves in the refrigerator in an uncovered container and they'll soak up those odors in a day or two. (Note: Never store dry tea you plan to drink in the refrigerator, though. It'll soak up odor and the moisture will cause the tea to deteriorate quickly.)

Chef's hands: Rub stinky fish, onion or garlic hands with brewed tea or wet steeped tea leaves to remove unwanted odors. This also works on cutting boards.

Shoes: Before you throw away those old, stinky shoes, place a new or steeped then dried tea bag inside each shoe and see if you can’t remove a bit of odor and get a little more life out of them.

Scenting

Since tea leaves are highly absorbent, they are very easy to flavor. Many tea companies use natural or artificial flavoring to infuse their teas with cinnamon, lemon, mint, pomegranate or other popular flavors. These flavorings can impart a strong and pleasant aroma as well. Pick any of your favorite flavored, scented teas and scatter them in different places around your house for an easy way to liven up the aroma of your living space. You can scent your own tea by adding a drop or two of your favorite essential oil to the tea leaves. Try oils of peppermint, orange, lemon, lavender, rose or rosemary.

Potpourri: Place dry, scented tea leaves in small, decorative bowls in key locations around the house to infuse your home with the scent of your favorite teas.

Eye pillows: Fill homemade eye pillows with dry, flavored tea leaves scented with relaxing rose, lavender or chamomile for a peaceful, calming rest.

Drawer sachets: Spruce up the scent of your sock or underwear drawer with a few flavored tea bags or muslin bags filled with scented tea leaves. (Note: Make sure the tea leaves and the tea bags are dry.)

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Car air freshener: To invigorate your car’s interior, hang a few flavored tea bags from your rear view mirror or fill a muslin bag with scented tea leaves and stash it somewhere in the center console.

Green tea in dyes

Dying

Depending on the type of tea, a brewed tea liquid can impart a red, brown, amber, yellow or green hue to many different items it comes in contact with. This makes it a great natural dying agent. Different green and black teas will brew up different colors depending on how they were processed. But think beyond just green and black teas for dying. Hibiscus flowers brew up as a bright, dark red color, while Rooibos red tea is more of a nice, light rose color. Or use Matcha powdered green tea for a strong bright green color.

Hair: Make a strong brewed tea and use it as a daily hair rinse for a natural way to enhance your hair’s color. Fabric: Dye lace, cotton, muslin or other fabric to give it that vintage look. Make a strong brewed tea, cool it to room temperature, then soak the fabric in the tea until it has the desired color. (Note: Tea is not a permanent dye, so it will fade if you plan to wash the fabric.)

Paper: For an antique looking paper to make greeting cards or fill journals, dip a heavyweight paper stock into a cooled, brewed tea and let it dry. Repeat for more intense color. You can also brush brewed tea onto the paper with a paintbrush, or use a steeped tea bag to dab some tea onto the paper.

Easter eggs: For a unique, natural look, dye Easter eggs with different types of tea. Place hard boiled eggs in bowls of strong brewed tea with a splash of vinegar. Make sure the eggs have plenty of room to be surrounded by the tea liquid. It’ll take about an hour for the tea to dye the eggs. Use different teas for different hues. Mix and match colors by placing eggs in one tea for part of the time and then another tea for the rest of the time.

Art: Use a paintbrush, spray bottle or brewed tea bag to stroke, spatter or dab strong brewed tea onto the various materials you use in your arts and crafts projects.

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Decorating

Don’t dump out those old tea leaves if you’ll be doing some entertaining in the near future. Tea leaves in votives or vases can add interesting and theme-appropriate decoration to your next party.

Votives: For tea-themed dinner table ambience, scatter the set table with small clear glass votives filled with dry tea leaves and set a tea light candle on top of each.

Vases: For clever tea party décor, fill clear glass vases three-quarters full with dry tea leaves and set silk flowers inside. Or fill clear glass vases one-quarter full with dry tea leaves, then top with room temperature water and add fresh flowers. Watch as the tea brews, the liquid changes color and the tea leaves expand. (Note: Change out the steeping tea after a day or so or it’ll get funky.)

Green tea in Gardening

Tea is highly acidic and full of nutrients that can help plants thrive. So before tossing out your used tea, see if there’s a nearby plant that needs a little extra love.

Compost: Instead of dumping out those steeped tea leaves, throw them into a compost pile to help nurture your garden. You can throw whole steeped tea bags in the compost if the tea bag material is made of biodegradable or compostable materials.

Water and feed plants: When you pot a new plant, place a handful of tea leaves or a couple of tea bags (dried or steeped) in the drainage layer at the bottom of the pot. Since tea is highly absorbent, it will help absorb water that will then get released slowly back into the plant. Instead of pouring unused tea liquid down the drain, use it to water your plants. Or feed your plants by scattering steeped tea leaves into the top layer of the plant’s soil.

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Green tea in beverages

1.Mint Green Tea Mint Green tea has all the essential refreshing flavor and aroma to brighten your day. The antioxidant rich concoction, has incredible restorative powers, which can help boost the dipping energy levels, uplift mood and improve digestion too.

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Mint Green tea has all the essential refreshing flavor and aroma.

2.Tulsi Green Tea

Tulsi or Holy basil, plays a significant part in the rich tradition of Indian Ayurvedic and herbal remedies. The results when this potent plant is infused with green tea is a delightful concoction of health and flavor. The abundance of phytonutrients and antioxidants in Tulsi green tea helps protect the body from damaging free radicals. It has also been linked to cut down stress,

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strengthen immunity, boost stamina and aid better digestion and metabolism.

3.Chamomile Green tea Green tea flavoured with delicate chamomile flowers infused in hot water makes this tea one of the most favourite picks amongst green tea lovers. Chamomile tea has been known to help with stress relief. Its soothing effect with mildly sedative properties has also known to act as a good sleep inducer.

Chamomile tea has been known to help with stress relief. 4.Jasmine Green tea Jasmine green tea is flavoured with the essence of jasmine flower. It is not to be mistaken with its sweet fragrance and the delicate flavor of its white blossoms, for the tea packs many antioxidants which can effectively fight free radical activity. Studies have also pointed out

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its link in curing arthritis, regulating blood pressure and relieving stress.

Jasmine green tea is flavoured with the essence of jasmine flower.

5.Matcha

Matcha is a powdered green tea and is grown primarily in the shade. The shade-grown tea leaves are meticulously stone-ground into a fine powder, this finely ground powder gives out a rich herbaceous flavor. Matcha tea is loaded with antioxidants, especially catechins. It also help boost concentration levels, memory induces calm and aids weight loss.

Matcha is a powdered green tea and is grown primarily in the shade.

6. Himalayan green tea

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Organic tea leaves picked from the foothills of the mighty Himalaya. Himalayan Green Tea helps tackle fatigue and also serves as an excellent detox. In addition to this it also aids digestion, weight loss and regulates blood pressure.

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Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) Provision and Specification Following International Organization for Standardization (ISO) are in the context of Tea The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 1572, Tea — Preparation of ground sample of known dry matter content ISO 1573, Tea — Determination of loss in mass at 103 °C ISO 1575, Tea — Determination of total ash ISO 1576, Tea — Determination of water-soluble ash and water-insoluble ash ISO 1577, Tea — Determination of acid-insoluble ash ISO 1578, Tea — Determination of alkalinity of water-soluble ash ISO 1839, Tea — Sampling ISO 5498, Agricultural food products — Determination of crude fibre content — General method ISO 9768, Tea — Determination of water extract ISO 14502-1, Determination of substances characteristic of green and black tea — Part 1: Content of total polyphenols in tea — Colorimetric method using Folin- Ciocalteu reagent ISO 14502-2, Determination of substances characteristic of green and black tea — Part 2: Content of catechins in green tea — Method using high-performance liquid chromatography ISO 15598, Tea — Determination of crude fibre content Also International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 3103 is for Tea — Preparation of liquor for use in sensory tests

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Market Study and Assessment

Current Indian Market Scenario

India is the second largest producer of tea in the world after China, including the famous Assam tea and Darjeeling tea. Tea is the 'State Drink' of Assam. In December 2011, India became the world's largest consumer of tea, consuming nearly 30% of global output. India is also the second-largest exporter of tea, after China. Indian tea companies have acquired a number of iconic foreign tea enterprises including British brands Tetley and Typhoo. From Rs 19,500 crore in 2011 (equivalent to US$3,182,307,692 in 2019), the total turnover of the Indian tea industry was Rs 33,000 crore by 2015 (equivalent to US$5,140,696,055 in 2019).

The practice of Ayurveda has resulted in a long-standing tradition of herbal teas. Traditional Indian kitchens have long utilised the medicinal benefits offered by various plants and spices such as basil (Tulsi), cardamom (Elaichi), pepper (Kali Mirch), liquorice (Mulethi), mint (Pudina), etc., and traditionally, teas made with these plant leaves or spices have been in use for centuries for maladies ranging from the serious to the trifling. Tea is also mixed with these traditional herbs. The taste of chai (sweet and milky) helps disguise the stronger and more bitter flavours of some of the medicinal additives, while others such as cardamom, clove and ginger add a pleasing flavour and aroma to the tea along with health benefits.

Indian green tea market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of around 7% during the forecast period. As per Tea Board of India, India is the 2nd largest producer of tea and the largest tea consumer all across the globe. Approximately 70-80% of the tea produced in the country is consumed by the domestic market. Indian green tea market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of around 7% during the forecast period. As per Tea Board of India, India is the 2nd largest producer of tea and the largest tea consumer all across the globe. Approximately 70-80% of the tea produced in the country is consumed by the domestic market.

As per the survey, it was concluded that around 32% of the total consumption of tea in the country is from Northern states and the Western region accounts for 31% of

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the total consumption. North East region accounts for only 19% of the total consumption whereas Southern states account for only 18% consumption. It was found in the survey that nearly 88% of the total household consumption of tea in the country and overall, 64% of the total population is a tea-drinking population in the country.

The country is the major exporter of tea globally. Some of the major export markets of country in volume terms include the Russian Federation, Iran, and UAE with around 48 million kg, 31 million kg and 21 million kg in 2017-2018 respectively. Some of the major exporters of the country include Mcleod Russel India Ltd., Bhansali & Co., Girnar Food & Beverages Pvt. Ltd., Limtex (India) Ltd., Ambo Exports Industries Ltd., and so on. Some of the major companies operating in the tea market include Tata Group (Tata Tea, Tetley Tea), Hindustan Unilever Ltd., (Brooke Bond Red Label, Lipton Tea), Gujarat Tea Processors & Packers Ltd., (Wagh Bakri Tea), Amar Tea Private Ltd., (Society Tea) and so on.

According to national Horticulture Board, in 2018-19, India cultivated lemon 296,000 hectre area and production value value stands at 3.397 million MT. Gujurat stands as the the city producing the highest quantity of lemon between the year 2017 and 2019. The following figures show the Tea production trends in different regons of India

Si.No Region Area in Hactres (ha) Production in million (kg) 1 Assam 312,210 507 2 Annallais 12,625 30 3 Darjeeling 17,280 9.8 4 Wayanad 5470 16 5 Karnataka 2,140 6 6 Doars and Terai 97,280 216 7 Munnar- Hia Ranaes 13,000 27 8 Kangra 2,348 0.8 9 Travancore 14,000 20 10 Nilgiri 66,175 135

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Key markets and export destinations: • Total tea export stood at US$ 830.90 million in FY19 and US$ 826.47 million in FY20. • India stands fourth in terms of tea export after Kenya (including neighbouring African countries), China and Sri Lanka. • As of 2019, India was the second largest tea producer in the world with production of 1,339.70 million kgs. During January–February 2020*, estimated production of tea stood at 30.54 million kgs. • The total tea export was US$ 281.39 million in April–August 2020 and for August 2020 it was US$ 69.44 million**. • The country is home to a wide variety of teas, including CTC tea, orthodox tea, green tea and organic tea. Unlike many other teas producing and exporting nations, India has a manufacturing base for both CTC and orthodox tea in addition to green tea. • India offers high-quality specialty teas, such as Darjeeling, Assam Orthodox and the high-range Nilgiris, which have a distinctive aroma, strength, colour and flavour.

Tea Manufacturers and Exports in India

Tea manufacturers in India source the bulk of their tea supplies from tea plantations in Assam, West Bengal (including Darjeeling), Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Other tea growing states include Tripura, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar and Karnataka, as well as non-traditional states such as Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Sikkim.

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Top Tea Manufacturers by Market Capitalization

SI. Name of Tea Brand(s) No. Manufacturer Contact Information Tata Global Beverages Ltd. Tata Tea 1, Bishop Lefroy Road Tetley Kolkata-700 020 Good Earth Teas West Bengal 1. 1. Tata Global Beverages JEMCA India Joekels Tel: 033-22813709/3779/ 3891/ 3988 Vitax Fax: 033-22811199 E-mail: [email protected]

Oothu 9, Wallace Street, Fort Dun Sandle 1. 2. Bombay Burmah Mumbai – 400 001MaharashtraIndiaPhone: +(91)-(22)- Manjolai 22079351-54Fax: +(91)-(22)-22071612E-mail:

[email protected] McLeod Russel India Limited Four Mangoe Lane Mcleod Russel Surendra Mohan Ghosh Sarani 1. 3. (tea plantations) Kolkata – 700 001

Tel: +(33)-2243-5391/2248-7709 Fax: +(33)-2248-3683, 2248-8114

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E-mail: [email protected]

Darjeeling Tea Castleton Premium: Blue Caddy Castleton Vintage: Black Goodricke Group Limited Caddy Camellia House Barnesbeg

Roasted 14, Gurusaday Road

Thurbo Kolkata – 700 019

1. 4. Premium Darjeeling

Goodricke Group Black (CTC) Tea West Bengal

Khaass India Goodricke Chai Tel: +91-33-22873067, 22878737, 22871816 Zabardast Fax: +91-33-22872577, 22877089 Gift Packs E-mail: [email protected] Badamtam Leaf Tea Season’s 3 in 1

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Rossell Tea (Division of Rossell India Limited) Jindal Towers Block ‘B’, 4th Floor Rossell India 1. 5. (tea plantations) 21/1A/3, Darga Road Kolkata-700 017

Tel: +91-33- 2280 1120, 2290 3035 Fax: +91-33- 2287 5269 E-mail: [email protected] Industry House 15th Floor Jay Shree Tea 10, Camac Street 1. 6. (tea plantations) Kolkata-700 017.0

Tel: +91 (33) 2282 7531-34 Email: [email protected]

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Dhunseri House 4A, Woodburn Park

Lal Ghora Kolkata-700 020

1. 7. Kala Ghora India Dhunseri Petrochem & Bahipookri Tel: +91 (33) 2280 1950 (5 lines) Tea Li mited Fax: +91 (33) 2287 8995 Email: [email protected] Assam Company India Ltd. Assam Tea House Assam Company India 52, Chowringhee Road Limited 1. 8. (tea plantations & tea Kolkata-700 071 bars) Tel: +91 (33) 2283 8306, 22838309, 22838312

Fax: +91 033 – 22838334, 22838333 Email: [email protected] Aspirations Vintage 12, Pretoria Street Kolkata-700 071 India 1. 9. James Warren Tea Ltd. Assam 1860 Tel: +91 (33) 4034 1000 Fax: +91 (33) 4034 1015 Email: [email protected]

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24/1624 Bristow Road

Harrisons Malayalam Willingdon Island Limited 1. 11. Cochin-682003

(tea plantations) India Tel: +91 (484) 2668023 Email: [email protected] Lykis Limited Grandeur Building 4th Floor, Opp. Gundecha Symphony Cheers Veera Desai Road Taazagi 1. 12. Lykis Andheri (W) Mumbai-53

India Tel: +91 (022) 4069 4069Email: [email protected] Sales: [email protected] 113, Park Street 9th Floor B & A Limited Kolkata 1. 13. West Bengal-700016 (tea plantations) India Tel: +91 (33) 2265 7389, 2229 5098,

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2217 6815 Fax: +91 (33) 2265 1388 Email: [email protected] Terai Tea Company Limited Agarwala House Sevoke Road, 2nd Mile

Terai Tea Company Siliguri-734 402 Limited 1. 14. West Bengal India

(tea plantations) Tel: +91 (353)-2543 857/58/866 Fax: +91-(353) 2542 656 Email: [email protected] [email protected] Jasmine Tower 3rd Floor Kanco Tea & Industries 31, Shakespeare Sarani Limited 1. 15. Kolkata-700 017 (tea plantations) West Bengal, India Tel: +91 (33) 2281 5217Email: [email protected] Sir RNM House Diana Tea Company 1. 16. Diana 4th Floor, Limited 3/B, Lal Bazar Street

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Kolkata-700 001 West Bengal, India Tel: +91-(33) 2248 8672 / 4066 1590 / 93 Fax: +91-(33) 2248 7571 Email: [email protected] McLeod House 3, Netaji Subhas Road

Tyroon Tea Company Kolkata-700001 Limited 1. 17. . West Bengal India

(tea plantations) Tel: +91 (33) 2248 3236, 2248 6071 Fax: +91 (33) 2248 6938 Email: [email protected] Sikkim Commerce House 4/1, Middleton Street Kolkata-700 071 Four Seasons West Bengal India.

1. 18. Asian Tea & Exports Ltd. (Darjeeling, Orthodox Leaf, Tel: +91 (33) 2287 7334 / 9732 / 9320 CTC & Green teas) 4006 3601 – 14 Fax: +91 (33) 2280 3101 Email: [email protected]

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Tea Exporters in India Indian tea exporters supply the finest varieties of tea to different parts of the world. CTC tea (crush, tear & curl) accounts for around 89% of the production, orthodox/green and instant tea account for the remaining 11% of the production.

Top 3 Markets for Indian Tea Exporters in 2015-16 – By Volume • Russian Federation • Iran • Pakistan

Top 3 Markets for Indian Tea Exporters in 2015-16 – By Value • Russian Federation • Iran • UK

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List of Top 50 Indian Tea Exporters (2015 to 2019)

Sl. Name of Tea Exporter Contact Details No. 1 McLeod Russel India Limited McLeod Russel India Limited Four Mangoe Lane Surendra Mohan Ghosh Sarani Kolkata – 700 001 Tel: +(33) 2243-5391/2248-7709 Fax: +(33) 2248-3683, 2248-8114 E-mail: [email protected] 2 Bhansali & Co. Bhansali & Co. 54, 2nd Floor Ezra Street, BBD Bagh Kolkata-700001 West Bengal India Tel: 033 2234 1851 3 Girnar Food & Beverages Pvt. Ltd. Girnar Food & Beverages Pvt. Ltd. 401, Centre Point Building Dr. BR Ambedkar Road Opp. Bharatmata Cinema Parel, Mumbai-400012 Maharashtra India. Tel: 1800-121-3700 (Toll free within India) -43436931 Fax: +91-22-43437070 Email: [email protected] (General Enquiry) [email protected] (Media, PR) [email protected] (Export Enquiry) 4 Limtex (India) Ltd. Limtex (India) Limited 25A, Shakespeare Sarani (Theatre Road) 2nd Floor, Kolkata-700 017 West Bengal India Tel: +91-33-71007500 Fax: +91-33-22809975 Email: [email protected] 5 Ambo Exports Industries Ltd. Ambo Exports Industries Ltd. Chandrakunj Building 3 Pretoria Street

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Kolkata-700 071 West Bengal India Tel: +91 (33) 3008 3333/4444/5555 Fax: +91 (33) 22821148 Email: [email protected] 6 JV Gokal & Co. Pvt. Ltd. JV Gokal & Co. Pvt. Ltd. Kasturi Building 2nd Floor 171/172 Jamshedji Tata Road Churchgate Mumbai-400 020 Maharashtra India Tel: +91 22 2202 6413 Fax: +91 22 2204 1078 Email: [email protected] 7 Unilever India Exports Limited Hindustan Unilever Limited Unilever House, BD Sawant Marg Chakala, Andheri (E) Mumbai-400 099 Maharashtra India Email: [email protected] 8 A. Tosh & Sons (India) Ltd. A. Tosh & Sons (India) Ltd. Tosh House P-32 & 33, India Exchange Place Kolkata-700 001 West Bengal India. Tel: +91 33 22215818, 22215689, 30288389, 30288390 Fax: +91 33 22215691 Email: [email protected] [email protected] 9 Jayshree Tea & Industries Ltd. Jayshree Tea & Industries Ltd. Industry House 15th Floor 10, Camac Street Kolkata-700 017 West Bengal India Tel: +91 (33) 2282 7531-34 Email: [email protected] 10 Shah Brothers Shah Brothers Shah House 1, Manook Lane Kolkata-700001 West Bengal India Tel: +91-99030-07174 11 SSK Exports Limited SSK Exports Limited

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37, Shakespeare Sarani Kolkata-700017 West Bengal India Tel: +91 33 40323900 Fax: +91 33 22810461 Email: [email protected] 12 New Tea Company Limited New Tea Company Limited Hindustan Buildings 2nd Floor, 4 Chittaranjan Avenue Kolkata-700027 West Bengal India Tel: + 91 33 2212 6753/54/55 Fax: + 91 33 22129696 Email: [email protected] 13 Madhu Jayanti International Ltd. Madhu Jayanti International Ltd. Jay Complex, 46, BB Ganguly Street Kolkata-700 012 West Bengal India Tel: +91 33 2225-2686/2225-7422 Fax: +91 33 22257422 Email: [email protected] 14 MK Shah Exports Ltd. MK Shah Exports Ltd. MK Hous 2/2 Justice Dwarkanath Road Kolkata-700 020 West Bengal India Tel: +91 (0)33 2474 6373 / 6364 15 Apeejay Tea Limited Apeejay Tea Limited 15 Park Street Kolkata-700016 West Bengal India Tel: +91 33 4403 5455 16 Tata Tetley Pvt. Ltd. Tata Global Beverages Ltd. 1, Bishop Lefroy Road Kolkata – 700 020 Tel: 033-22813709/3779/ 3891/ 3988 Fax: 22811199 E-mail: [email protected]

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17 Vikrma Impex (P) Ltd. Vikrma Impex (P) Ltd. 32, Jawaharlal Nehru Road Om Tower 4th Floor Kolkata-700071 West Bengal India Tel: +91-33-22265726 / 6103 32924801 / 02 Fax: +91-33-22492367 Email: [email protected]” 18 BGH Exim Ltd. BGH Exim Ltd. Global Exports & Marketing Industry House 16th and 19th Floors 10, Camac Street Kolkata-700 017 West Bengal India Tel: +91 (33) 2282 5122/5212 Fax: +91 (33) 2282 9288/5905 Email: [email protected]

19 Goodricke Group Ltd Goodricke Group Limited Camellia House 14, Gurusaday Road Kolkata-700 019 West Bengal India Tel: +91-33-22873067, 22878737, 22871816 Fax: +91-33-22872577, 22877089 Email: [email protected] 20 Harrisons Malayalam Ltd. Harrisons Malayalam Ltd. 24/1624, Bristow Road Willingdon Island Cochin-682003 21 Jfk International Jfk International 2-13, Hauz Khas New Delhi-110016 Delhi Tel: 011 2652 0613 Email: [email protected] 22 LMJ International Ltd. LMJ International Ltd. LMJ House 9, Hanuman Road Connaught Place New Delhi-110001 India Tel: +91-11-23367203/05 Fax: +91-11-23367206 Email: [email protected] 23 Narendra Tea Co.(P). Ltd. Narendra Tea Co.(P). Ltd.

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2A, Ganesh Chandra Avenue Dharmatala Kolkata-700013 West Bengal India Tel: 033 2213 2330 24 Siewert & Dholakia Overseas Private Limited Siewert & Dholakia Overseas Private Limited 26/246, KPK Menon Road Wdi, Ernakulam- 680003 Kerala India Tel: 0484 266 7260 25 GA Randerian Pvt. Ltd. GA Randerian Pvt. Ltd. 2, Ganesh Chandra Avenue Dharmatala Kolkata-700013 West Bengal India Tel: 033 2213 2232 26 The Bombay Burmah Trading Corpn. Ltd. The Bombay Burmah Trading Corpn. Ltd. 9, Wallace Street, Fort Mumbai – 400 001 Maharashtra India Tel: +(91) (22) 22079351-54 Fax: +(91) (22) 22071612 E-mail: [email protected] 27 Tea Group Exports Tea Group Exports 34A, Metcalfe Street Kolkata-700 013 West Bengal India Tel: +(91) (33) 2211 0015 Fax: +(91) (33) 2211 9511 E-mail: [email protected] 28 Kanan Devan Hills Plantations Company Kanan Devan Hills Plantations Company Private Private Limited Limited KDHP House Munnar-685 612 Idukki District Kerala India Tel: +91-4868 255000, 255999 Email: [email protected] Fax: +91-4868 255555

29 Godfrey Phillips India Ltd. Godfrey Phillips India Ltd. 14, Omaxe Square Jasola District Centre New Delhi-110025 India Tel: +91 11 268 32155/611 19300 Fax: +91 11 268 40775/268 35803

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30 Assam Company India Limited Assam Company India Limited Assam Tea House 52, Chowringhee Road Kolkata-700 071 West Bengal India Tel: +91 (33) 2283 8306, 22838309, 22838312 Fax: +91 033 – 22838334, 22838333 Email: [email protected] 31 Anita Exports Ltd. Plot no. 35/36, Sector- II, Kandla Special Economic Zone, Kasez Township, Gandhidham, Gujarat, India Phone: +91 98253 88235 32 Blue Mountain Tea & Commodities Pvt. Ltd. Blue Mountain Tea & Commodities Pvt. Ltd. 24/1472, Subramaniam Road Willingdon Island Cochin – 3 India Tel: 0484 – 2666332 Mobile: 98951 77949 Fax: 0484 – 2666332 Email: [email protected] 33 Balaji Agro Pvt. Ltd. Balaji Agro Pvt. Ltd. 32, Jawaharlal Nehru Road Om Tower 4th Floor Kolkata-700071 West Bengal India Tel: +91-33-22265726/610 32924801/02 Fax: +91-33-22492367 Email: [email protected] 34 Tata Tea Limited Tata Global Beverages Ltd. 1, Bishop Lefroy Road Kolkata-700 020 West Bengal India Tel: 033-22813709/3779/ 3891/ 3988Fax: 22811199 E-mail: [email protected]

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36 Havukal Tea & Produce Co. Pvt. Ltd. Havukal Tea & Produce Co. Pvt. Ltd. Kotagiri-643 217 The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu India Tel: 04266 – 271356 Fax: 04266 – 27244 Mobile: 94422 71256 Email: [email protected] 37 Indian Products Ltd. Indian Products Ltd. Trade Center, Kavundampalayam Mettupalayam Road Coimbatore Tamil Nadu-64103 India Tel: 0422 244 0224 38 Asian Tea & Exports Asian Tea & Exports Sikkim Commerce House 4/1, Middleton Street Kolkata-700 071 West Bengal India Tel: +91 – 33 – 2287 7334 / 9732 / 9320 Fax: +91 – 33 – 2280 3101 Email: [email protected] 39 The North-Western Cachar Tea Co. Ltd. The North Western Cachar Tea Co. Ltd. 3rd Floor, 16-A Brabourne Road Kolkata-700001 West Bengal India 40 Chamong Tea Exports Pvt. Ltd. Chamong Tee Exports Pvt. Ltd. 2, N. C. Dutta Sarani, Sagar Estate 5th Floor, Unit 1 Kolkata-700 001 West Bengal India Tel: +91-33-3093-6400 Fax: +91-33-3093-6433 Email: [email protected] 41 New Tea Exports Private Limited New Tea Exports Private Limited Hindustan Buildings, 2nd Floor 4 Chittaranjan Avenue Kolkata-700027 West Bengal India Tel: + 91 33 2212 6753/54/55 Fax: + 91 33 22129696 Email: [email protected]

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43 AVT Natural Products Limited AVT Natural Products Limited. S. Vazhakulam, Marampily PO Aluva-683 107, Ernakulam Dist. Kerala India. Tel: +91-484 – 2677262, 2677263 +91 484 2848241 (Direct) Fax: +91-484-2677512 44 Gillanders Arbuthnot & Co. Ltd. C-4, Gillander House Netaji Subhas Road Kolkata – 700 001 West Bengal India Tel: +91 33 2230-2331 (6 lines), 2230-4182 Fax: +91 33 2230 4185 Email: [email protected] 45 AL-Gayathri Trading Co.(P) Ltd. Al-Gayathri Trading Co. Pvt. Ltd. Address NO. 24/1393, Venketraman Road Willingdom Island Kochi-682003 Kerala India 46 Neelamalai Agro Industries Ltd. Neelamalai Agro Industries Ltd. Katary Estate, Katary P.O Coonoor, The Nilgiris Tamil Nadu-643213 India Tel: 0423 2284235 47 Bajaj Enterprise Bajaj Enterprise Room No. 513, 5th Floor Center Point, 21 Hemant Basu Sarani Kolkata-700001 India 48 Glenworth Estate Limited Glendale Estate Coonoor-643102 The Nilgiris Tamil Nadu India Tel: 0423 – 2206279 Mobile: 94450 62055 Fax: 0423 – 2206279 Email: [email protected]

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49 Rossell Tea Rossell Tea (Division of Rossell India Limited) Jindal Towers Block ‘B’, 4th Floor 21/1A/3, Darga Road, Kolkata-700 017 West Bengal India Tel: +91-33- 2280 1120, 2290 3035 Fax: +91-33- 2287 5269 Email: [email protected]

50 The Coonoor Tea Estates Co. Ltd. The Coonoor Tea Estates Co. Ltd. PO Box. No. 31 No. 30 Quail Hill, Coonoor- 643101 Nilgiris Tamil Nadu India Tel: +91- 423- 2231190 / 2221190 Email: [email protected] [email protected]

Global Market Scenario

In 2017, total tea production accounted for 5.98 million tonnes, of which approximately 35 per cent was exported, worth USD 8 billion.3,4,13 That same year, the sector had a retail value of approximately USD 50 billion.5,6 Tea was grown in 48 countries in 2016, including 12 Low Human Development Countries (LHDCs).

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Tea production employs 13 million people, 9 million of whom are smallholder farmers, while the remainder work in tea estates; in China, Sri Lanka and Kenya, which account for half of the world’s tea production, the majority of tea is produced by smallholder farmers.7,8 Production is concentred in a few countries, with the top seven growing countries accounting for 90 per cent of the global tea supply in 2015.9 The largest tea-exporting countries in 2017 were China (USD 1.6 billion), Sri Lanka (USD 1.5 billion) and Kenya (USD 1.4 billion), while the largest importing countries were Pakistan (USD 550 million), Russia (USD 525 million) and the United States (USD 487 million).10,11 A significant amount of tea is also consumed domestically. For instance, the amount of tea consumed in China, India and Turkey in 2015 was more than in all other tea-consuming nations combined.

The higher price of green tea in comparison with green tea and the lack of awareness, especially in developing economies may restrict the consumption of green tea during the forecast period. However, the expansion of the product portfolio and the increasing marketing activities and advertising by the key market players are projected to offer promising opportunities for the key players of this market segment. Tetley GB Ltd., Nestle S.A., Tata DSM Nutritional Products, Associated British Foods LLC, Unilever Group, Oregon Chai Inc., Northern tea Merchants Ltd., AMORE Pacific Corp., and Numi Organic Tea are the key market players that offer green tea.

Green tea is rapidly becoming a popular drink across the globe due to the perceived health benefits. The rising awareness levels of its proposed health benefits among consumers especially in the metro cities or in regions where non-milk tea consumption is more than the national average consumption of tea is a major factor to drive its market growth. Green tea is generally known to have lower caffeine content per cup (24-41 mg) than green tea (14-61 mg) and much lower caffeine content than coffee per cup (95-200 mg)

The global green tea market has been segmented based on form, category, distribution channel, and region.

By its shape, the world market for green tea has been classified into powder, tea bags, loose leaves and others. The tea bag segment had a significant market share

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in the global green tea market and the same segment is expected to be the fastest growing.

By category, the global green tea market has bifurcated into organic and conventional. The conventional segment has a larger market share in the global green tea market. However, the organic segment is expected to record the highest CAGR during the review period.

Estimated market forecast

The global green tea market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 6.3% during the forecast period of 2016-2027. Due to its health benefits such as weight loss, reduction of depression, weight loss it is highly adopted by the young population all across the globe. According to the Food and Organization of the United Nations, the output of green tea across the globe is anticipated to increase at faster rate of 7.5% annually to reach 3.6 million tons in 2027, largely driven by China, where the production of green tea is projected to reach more than double from 1.5 million tons in 2015-2017 to 3.3 million tons in 2027.

Regional Insights

The North American green tea market has been further segmented into the United States, Canada and Mexico. The European green tea market has been classified as the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy, Spain and the rest of Europe. The green tea market in Asia-Pacific has been segmented into China, India, Japan, Australia and New Zealand, and the rest of Asia-Pacific. The market for green tea in the rest of the world has been segmented into South America, the Middle East and Africa.

Asia-Pacific is the dominating region for green tea market and accounted for nearly 62% revenue share of global green tea market in 2016. China is world’s leading producers and exporters of green tea followed by Vietnam, Indonesia and Japan.

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Growing health awareness about consumption of green tea is expected to strengthen the dominance of Asia-Pacific region in green tea market. Europe is expected to witness healthy growth for green tea market, owing to the increasing health awareness among consumers and shifting towards healthy life style.

Mounting health concerns such as high cholesterol and overweight in North America is boosting the demand of green tea in this region. North America is expected to grow at a CAGR of 3% during the time period of 2016 to 2024. Latin America and Middle East & Africa region is also expected to witness healthy growth due to increasing health awareness in the region.

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On the basis of the form, the green type tea market is segmented by tea bag , lose leaves, loose leaf powder, ready to drink tea , and capsules and tablets.

Tea Bags Holds the Largest Market share Backed by Easy Storage and Portability The traditional way of preparing tea is being replaced by more convenient ways due to the modern-day hectic lifestyle. Based on form, tea bag holds the highest market share due to its wide availability, easy storage, and portability. Technological advancement in the tea processing industry has enabled manufacturers to invest in environment-friendly and food-grade tea bags to capitalize on the growing consumer demands for clean-label products. The growing popularity of innovative flavors in tea bags is expected to drive market growth in the forthcoming years. Ready to drink green types teas are gaining popularity among millennials due to the increasing availability of functional beverages in convenient packages. Ready to drink teas are also becoming popular due to the wide variety of flavors and blends available. Green type tea capsules and tablets are expected to gain prominence over the forecast period due to the rising demand for dietary supplements among consumers.

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On the basis of flavor, green tea type tea market is segmented by flavored and unflavored type tea.

Flavored Green Tea Too Hold higher Market share and Display Faster Growth Flavored Green tea types are gaining popularity among consumers across the globe owing to their enticing tastes along with their health improving nutritional profiles. Flavored teas are becoming mainstream across retail channels with the expansion of novel distribution channel. The incorporation flavors such as honey, citrus, floral and fruity in packaged teas improves their market value and visibility due to the growing trend of flavored beverages.

Unflavored tea is primarily consumed in Asian countries where its production is the highest. Growing concerns over natural flavors and clean label products are expected to contribute to the steady growth of the unflavored tea segment.

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Global Tea Production Trend, 2006-2018

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Distribution of tea production in top 15 tea-producing countries in 2016

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Trade flow of the largest tea-producing countries in 2019, in tones

The global tea market size was valued at USD 12.63 billion in 2019 and is expected to expand a CAGR of 5.5% from 2020 to 2025.

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Product Insights Black and green teas are the two most widely consumed products, with a market share of almost 39.19% and 30.54% respectively, in 2018. India, Sri Lanka, and China predominantly produce and export black tea. Most of China's green tea production is used for domestic consumption. Oolong is a semi-green fermented tea where the process of fermentation is stopped as soon as the color of leaves starts changing. The product can help boost metabolism, accelerate weight loss, manage type-2 diabetes, prevent cancer, and improve heart, brain, bone, and dental health. According to the USDA National Nutrient Database, oolong contains traces of vital vitamins and minerals such as calcium, manganese, potassium, copper, magnesium, selenium, and carotene. These factors are projected to fuel the product demand in the near future.

Flavour Insights The green tea market is segmented on the basis of flavour as lemon, aloe vera, cinnamon, vanilla, basil and others. The global green tea market based on form was led by the lemon segment and held the largest market share. The lemon green tea consists of antioxidants, flavonoids, and other phytonutrients which helps fighting several chronic and acute diseases. It is also available in the form of iced lemon green tea. Adding fresh lemon juice to the green tea also helps to increase its medicinal properties along with enhanced taste. The combination of green tea and lemon juice produces a drink which is rich in vitamin C, which has anti- inflammatory and anti-microbial properties. It also enhances heart health and

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glowing skin. The soothing aroma of the lemon flavored green tea is consumed by the consumer as they have multiple health benefits.

Distribution Channel Insights

Online distribution channel is anticipated to expand at the fastest CAGR of 5.9% over the forecast period. The rise of online apps coupled with availability of discounts and easy product delivery has positively impacted the supply chain of the market. For instance, distributors such as Walmart and Big Basket among others offer a wide range of flavored tea with both online and offline delivery options. This factor is anticipated to bode well for the growth of the segment over the forecast period. Hypermarkets and supermarkets held the largest market share of 38.12% in 2018.

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Market Opportunity

The global green tea market is expected to garner revenue of USD 9 billion by 2024, with a CAGR of 5.8% during the forecast period, 2019–2024.

Following factors to be considered for the future increase of demand for Green Tea:

• Although the health benefits of green tea have been known for centuries, recent research is providing concrete evidence of these benefits. Studies have shown that green tea can prevent cancer as it contains catechin, the main component of tea. A study in Japan showed that residents in areas dedicated to green tea production in the central and western regions of Shizuoka prefecture, who drink the tea daily, have a significantly lower death rate for all cancers. compared to other regions These findings were supported by animal experiments that showed green tea reduced tumor growth. Other research has shown that consumption of green tea can inhibit the formation of nitrosamines, known carcinogens, or carcinogenic chemicals.

• The catechin in green tea has also been shown to limit the excessive increase in blood cholesterol in both animals and humans, in addition to preventing high blood pressure. Other benefits of catechin include killing bacteria and influenza viruses, preventing halitosis, inhibiting the rise in blood sugar, and fighting cariogenic bacteria. Green tea (especially matcha) also contains important vitamins (C, complex B and E), fluoride (to prevent cavities), amino acids (to lower blood pressure), and polysaccharides (to lower blood sugar). Green tea is also a powerful antioxidant and is even more powerful than vitamin E or vitamin C due to the presence of polyphenols, such as epigallocatechingallate (EGCG).

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• Green tea extracts can also make drug-resistant strains of bacteria that cause skin infections more sensitive to penicillin, British researchers report. The researchers also found that the diluted tea extract worked synergistically with the antibiotics, making them more potent against particular strains of these types of bacteria.

• In addition to preventing or curing these more common illnesses, preliminary research indicates that the antiviral ability of green tea catechin may have some beneficial effect in fighting AIDS. Laboratory tests have verified that catechin can inhibit the activity of the AIDS virus. Rather than simply being known as a popular Japanese beverage, green tea may become an important "new" medicine of the 21st century for the entire world.

• In recent days outbreak of Covid 19 pandemic increases the healthy drink consumption habit in the people. Therefore Green Tea is one of those healthy drinks which will lead to protect human body from various diseases and to keep healthy as a whole.

The global lemon-based products market size was valued at USD 5.6 billion in 2019 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.2% from 2020 to 2027. Growing demand for natural extracts in food and beverage products with higher nutritional value is expected to boost the growth of the market over the forecast period

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Statistics of Import and Export

Sample of Export Data of Tea (country-wise) 2019-2020

Jan-Jul, 2020* Jan -Jul, 2019 Value Unit Unit Value Unit Country Qty Value Qty Value Unit Price (Mill Price Price (Mill Price (M.Kgs) (Cr.Rs.) (M.Kgs) (Cr.Rs.) (Rs/Kg) US$) (Rs/Kg) ($/Kg) US$) ($/Kg) Russian Fed 22.53 354.29 47.67 157.25 2.12 25.00 406.19 58.14 162.48 2.33 Ukraine 1.92 30.52 4.11 158.96 2.14 1.56 23.55 3.37 150.96 2.16 Kazakhstan 4.77 88.47 11.90 185.47 2.50 4.35 78.95 11.30 181.49 2.60 Other CIS 0.92 16.46 2.21 178.91 2.41 0.58 10.87 1.56 187.41 2.68 Total CIS 30.14 489.74 65.89 162.49 2.19 31.49 519.56 74.37 164.99 2.36 United 3.28 82.02 11.04 250.06 3.36 4.20 92.90 13.30 221.19 3.17 Kingdom Netherlands 1.77 59.86 8.05 338.19 4.55 1.87 65.95 9.44 352.67 5.05 Germany 4.19 88.95 11.97 212.29 2.86 5.09 136.98 19.61 269.12 3.85 Ireland 0.48 38.66 5.20 805.42 10.84 0.56 52.84 7.56 943.57 13.51 Poland 2.97 55.80 7.51 187.88 2.53 2.90 49.13 7.03 169.41 2.42 U.S.A 6.11 187.30 25.20 306.55 4.12 6.13 201.45 28.83 328.63 4.70 Canada 1.01 36.74 4.94 363.76 4.89 1.19 38.86 5.56 326.55 4.67 U.A.E 6.22 136.22 18.33 219.00 2.95 7.17 145.77 20.86 203.31 2.91 Iran 20.93 552.81 74.38 264.12 3.55 36.76 1016.21 145.45 276.44 3.96

Saudi Arabia 3.12 86.49 11.64 277.21 3.73 2.81 76.37 10.93 271.78 3.89 Egypt (ARE) 1.15 14.23 1.91 123.74 1.66 2.36 32.27 4.62 136.74 1.96

Afghanistan 1.33 15.56 2.09 116.99 1.57 0.30 6.49 0.93 216.33 [NPC3.10S/4211/23661] Page No. 66 Bangladesh 0.10 2.79 0.38 279.00 3.75 2.25 28.24 4.04 125.51 1.80

China 5.64 85.95 11.56 152.39 2.05 5.39 90.81 13.00 168.48 2.41 Singapore 0.49 11.64 1.57 237.55 3.20 0.46 10.73 1.54 233.26 3.34 Sri Lanka 1.21 19.74 2.66 163.14 2.20 1.15 19.02 2.72 165.39 2.37 Kenya 0.38 5.90 0.79 155.26 2.09 0.02 0.47 0.07 235.00 3.36 Japan 1.60 64.74 8.71 404.63 5.44 2.07 86.54 12.39 418.07 5.98 Pakistan 5.98 64.05 9.17 107.11 1.53 Australia 1.35 51.04 6.87 378.07 5.09 1.42 51.95 7.44 365.85 5.24 Other 21.80 473.38 63.70 217.15 2.92 19.69 436.56 62.47 221.72 3.17 countries Total 115.27 2559.56 344.39 222.05 2.99 141.26 3223.15 461.33 228.17 3.27

Jan-Jul, 2020* Jan -Jul, 2019 Value Unit Unit Value Unit Country Qty Value Qty Value Unit Price (Mill Price Price (Mill Price (M.Kgs) (Cr.Rs.) (M.Kgs) (Cr.Rs.) (Rs/Kg) US$) (Rs/Kg) ($/Kg) US$) ($/Kg) Russian Fed 22.53 354.29 47.67 157.25 2.12 25.00 406.19 58.14 162.48 2.33 Ukraine 1.92 30.52 4.11 158.96 2.14 1.56 23.55 3.37 150.96 2.16 Kazakhstan 4.77 88.47 11.90 185.47 2.50 4.35 78.95 11.30 181.49 2.60 Other CIS 0.92 16.46 2.21 178.91 2.41 0.58 10.87 1.56 187.41 2.68 Total CIS 30.14 489.74 65.89 162.49 2.19 31.49 519.56 74.37 164.99 2.36 United 3.28 82.02 11.04 250.06 3.36 4.20 92.90 13.30 221.19 3.17 Kingdom Netherlands 1.77 59.86 8.05 338.19 4.55 1.87 65.95 9.44 352.67 5.05 Germany 4.19 88.95 11.97 212.29 2.86 5.09 136.98 19.61 269.12 3.85 Ireland 0.48 38.66 5.20 805.42 10.84 0.56 52.84 7.56 943.57 13.51 Poland 2.97 55.80 7.51 187.88 2.53 2.90 49.13 7.03 169.41 2.42

U.S.A 6.11 187.30 25.20 306.55 4.12 6.13 201.45 28.83 328.63 4.70

Canada 1.01 36.74 4.94 363.76 4.89 1.19 38.86 5.56 326.55 4.67 U.A.E 6.22 136.22 18.33 219.00 2.95 7.17 145.77 20.86 203.31 2.91

Iran 20.93 552.81 74.38 264.12 3.55 36.76 1016.21 145.45 276.44 3.96 Saudi Arabia 3.12 86.49 11.64 277.21 3.73 2.81 76.37 10.93 271.78 3.89 Egypt (ARE) 1.15 14.23 1.91 123.74 1.66 2.36 32.27 4.62 136.74 1.96 Afghanistan 1.33 15.56 2.09 116.99 1.57 0.30 6.49 0.93 216.33 3.10 Bangladesh 0.10 2.79 0.38 279.00 3.75 2.25 28.24 4.04 125.51 1.80 China 5.64 85.95 11.56 152.39 2.05 5.39 90.81 13.00 168.48 2.41 Singapore 0.49 11.64 1.57 237.55 3.20 0.46 10.73 1.54 233.26 3.34 Sri Lanka 1.21 19.74 2.66 163.14 2.20 1.15 19.02 2.72 165.39 2.37 Kenya 0.38 5.90 0.79 155.26 2.09 0.02 0.47 0.07 235.00 3.36 Japan 1.60 64.74 8.71 404.63 5.44 2.07 86.54 12.39 418.07 5.98 Pakistan 5.98 64.05 9.17 107.11 1.53 Australia 1.35 51.04 6.87 378.07 5.09 1.42 51.95 7.44 365.85 5.24 Other 21.80 473.38 63.70 217.15 2.92 19.69 436.56 62.47 221.72 3.17 countries Total 115.27 2559.56 344.39 222.05 2.99 141.26 3223.15 461.33 228.17 3.27

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Total Import Data of India

Qty CIFValue UnitPrice CIFValue UnitPrice Year (M. Kg) Rs.inCrores) (Rs./Kg.) (Mn.US$) (US$/Kg) 2015-16 18.43 244.48 132.65 37.36 2.03 2016-17 21.60 290.19 134.35 43.27 2.00 2017-18 20.59 288.56 140.15 44.78 2.17 2018-19 24.22 341.61 141.04 48.85 2.02 2019-20 15.54 231.76 149.14 32.66 2.10 2020-21 (Apr-Aug) 10.12 191.33 189.06 25.37 2.51 2019-20 (Apr-Aug) 8.68 139.33 160.52 19.97 2.30

Qty CIFValue UnitPrice CIFValue UnitPrice Year (M. Kg) (Rs. InCrores) (Rs./Kg.) (Mn.US$) (US$/Kg) 2015 18.61 235.96 126.79 36.80 1.98 2016 20.97 285.40 136.10 42.49 2.03 2017 21.12 299.30 141.71 45.97 2.18 2018 24.92 346.13 138.90 50.62 2.03 2019 15.85 238.81 150.67 33.90 2.14 2020 (Jan- Aug) 12.61 225.17 178.56 30.29 2.40 2019 (Jan-Aug) 11.50 180.55 157.00 25.77 2.24

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Import Data of green tea to India (October 2020)

HS Code` Description Origin Port of Discharge Unit Quantity Value Per Unit Country (INR) (INR)

21069099 MATCHA GREEN TEA (NUTRITIONAL United States Chennai Air Cargo PCS 2 7,936 3,968 SUPPLEMENTS NOT FOR SALE IN INDIA RE-EXPORT ONLY)

21069099 MATCHA GREEN TEA (ORGANIC) (8 OZ) United States Chennai Air Cargo PCS 6 22,815 3,803

227G(NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT NOT FOR SALE IN INDIA FOR RE-EXPORT)

21069099 MATCHA SUPER GREEN ORGANIC LOOSE United States Chennai Air Cargo PCS 2 1,077 539 LEAF TEA (1.76 OZ) 50G(NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT NOT FOR SALE IN INDIA FOR RE-EXPORT)

21069099 GLOBALMATCHA ORGANIC GM4 FUSION United States Chennai Air Cargo PCS 1 1,584 1,584 GREEN TEA COMPLEX 120 CAPNUTRITIONAL SUPPLIMENT NOT FOR

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SALE IN INDIA RE-EXPORT ONLY)

21069099 MATCHA GREEN TEA (ORGANIC) (8 OZ) United States Chennai Air Cargo PCS 2 7,581 3,790 227G(NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT NOT FOR SALE IN INDIA FOR RE-EXPORT)

21069099 MATCHA SUPER GREEN ORGANIC LOOSE United States Chennai Air Cargo PCS 6 3,131 522 LEAF TEA (1.76 OZ) 50G(NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT NOT FOR SALE IN INDIA FOR RE-EXPORT)

21069099 GLOBALMATCHA ORGANIC GM4 FUSION United States Chennai Air Cargo PCS 1 1,535 1,535 GREEN TEA COMPLEX 120 CAPNUTRITIONAL SUPPLIMENT NOT FOR SALE IN INDIA RE-EXPORT ONLY)

21069099 MATCHA SUPER GREEN ORGANIC LOOSE United States Chennai Air Cargo PCS 6 3,149 525 LEAF TEA (1.76 OZ) 50G(NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT NOT FOR SALE IN INDIA FOR RE-EXPORT)

21069099 MATCHA SUPER GREEN ORGANIC LOOSE United States Chennai Air Cargo PCS 1 522 522 LEAF TEA (1.76 OZ) 50G(NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT NOT FOR SALE IN INDIA FOR RE-EXPORT)

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21069099 EGCG 350MG (FROM GREEN TEA United States Chennai Air Cargo PCS 48 55,658 1,160 EXTRACT) 500MG 120 TABLETSNUTRITIONAL SUPPLIMENT NOT FOR SALE IN INDIA RE-EXPORT ONLY)

21069099 MATCHA SUPER GREEN ORGANIC LOOSE United States Chennai Air Cargo PCS 1 522 522 LEAF TEA (1.76 OZ) 50G(NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT NOT FOR SALE IN INDIA FOR RE-EXPORT)

21069099 GARCINIA APPETITE CONTROL (WITH United States Chennai Air Cargo PCS 90 8,894 99 ACAI & GREEN TEA) 60 CAPSULENUTRITIONAL SUPPLIMENT NOT FOR SALE IN INDIA RE-EXPORT ONLY)

21069099 EGCG 350MG (FROM GREEN TEA United States Chennai Air Cargo PCS 1 1,174 1,174 EXTRACT) 500MG 120 TABLETSNUTRITIONAL SUPPLIMENT NOT FOR SALE IN INDIA RE-EXPORT ONLY)

21069099 MATCHA SUPER GREEN ORGANIC LOOSE United States Chennai Air Cargo PCS 2 1,056 528 LEAF TEA (1.76 OZ) 50G(NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT NOT FOR SALE IN INDIA FOR RE-EXPORT)

21069099 EGCG 350MG (FROM GREEN TEA United States Chennai Air Cargo PCS 3 3,519 1,173

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EXTRACT) 500MG 120 TABLETSNUTRITIONAL SUPPLIMENT NOT FOR SALE IN INDIA RE-EXPORT ONLY)

21069099 MATCHA SUPER GREEN ORGANIC LOOSE United States Chennai Air Cargo PCS 1 525 525 LEAF TEA (1.76 OZ) 50G(NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT NOT FOR SALE IN INDIA FOR RE-EXPORT)

21069099 GARCINIA APPETITE CONTROL (WITH United States Chennai Air Cargo PCS 24 2,356 98 ACAI & GREEN TEA) 60 CAPSULENUTRITIONAL SUPPLIMENT NOT FOR SALE IN INDIA RE-EXPORT ONLY)

21069099 GARCINIA APPETITE CONTROL (WITH United States Chennai Air Cargo PCS 96 9,627 100 ACAI & GREEN TEA) 60 TABLETSNUTRITIONAL SUPPLIMENT NOT FOR SALE IN INDIA RE-EXPORT ONLY)

21069099 EGCG 350MG (FROM GREEN TEA United States Chennai Air Cargo PCS 48 57,603 1,200 EXTRACT) 500MG 120 TABLETSNUTRITIONAL SUPPLIMENT NOT FOR SALE IN INDIA RE-EXPORT ONLY)

21069099 CHIA (BLACKBERRY HIBISCUS GREEN United States Chennai Air Cargo PCS 4 2,547 637 TEA) DRINK BLEND 12

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PACKETSNUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT NOT FOR SALE IN INDIA RE-EXPORT ONLY)

Import Data of green tea to India (November 2020)

HS Code Description Origin Port of Discharge Unit Quantity Value Per Unit Country (INR) (INR)

33030090 GREEN TEA SCT SP 30ML DUO TRXL 7618421 United States Delhi Air Cargo PCS 30 24,182 806 (PERFUMES) (GOODS NOTFOR SALE AT LOCAL MARKET)

33049990 GREEN TEA NEUTRALIZER South Korea Bombay Air Cargo PCS 31 12,194 393

33030090 GREEN TEA EDP SP 2.5OZ/75ML L 3930400 (PERFUMES) United States Delhi Air Cargo PCS 12 13,008 1,084 (GOODS NOTFOR SALE AT LOCAL MARKET)

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33030090 GREEN TEA EDP SP 2.5OZ/75ML L 3930400 (PERFUMES) United States Delhi Air Cargo PCS 2 416 208 (GOODS NOTFOR SALE AT LOCAL MARKET)

33030090 GREEN TEA 100ML+200ML HNY DROP TRX GRESW42004 United States Delhi Air Cargo PCS 26 31,075 1,195 (PERFUMES) (GOODS NOT FOR SALE AT LOCAL MARKET)

33049990 GREEN TEA MINERAL MIST (111771147) (50 ML) South Korea Delhi Air Cargo NOS 72 5,407 75 (COSMETICS)

21012090 GREEN TEA EXTRACT (SUPERHENON 8045) (SAMPLE Switzerland Delhi Air Cargo KGS 20 164,347 8,217 FOR TESTING/TRIAL PURPOSE) (FOR CAPTIVE USE)

48191090 FG-CARTON S&T 505 GREEN DECAFFS ( CARTONS FOR Sri Lanka Cochin Sea PCS 50,000 288,022 6 PACKING TEA BAG

09023090 GREEN TEA IN BAGS]TAG TBAG 025/2.0G/12 CEYLON Sri Lanka Nhava Sheva Sea KGS 168 234,783 1,398 GREEN TEA MOROCCAN MINT[ISFTAA CERT.NO.CO/ISFTA/16/9253][280 CASES]

33049990 THE GREEN TEA SEED SERUM (111770943) (80ML) South Korea Delhi Air Cargo NOS 240 26,218 109 (COSMETICS)

33049990 GREEN TEA FRESH CLEANSING OIL (111771121) (150ML) South Korea Delhi Air Cargo NOS 12 1,721 143 (COSMETICS)

33049990 GREEN TEA BALANCING CLEANSING OIL (111771122) South Korea Delhi Air Cargo NOS 12 1,966 164 (150ML) (COSMETICS)

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33049990 GREEN TEA SLEEPING PACK (111771257) (80ML) South Korea Delhi Air Cargo NOS 12 1,393 116 (COSMETICS)

21012090 TWINING GREEN TEA (1X12X25X2GM)(202CTN) UK Egypt Nhava Sheva Sea KGS 123 12,729 103

09022040 GREEN TEA BM Indonesia Tughlakabad KGS 20,160 2,086,978 104

33049990 GREEN TEA FRESH CREAM (111771250) (50ML) South Korea Delhi Air Cargo NOS 12 1,147 96 (COSMETICS)

33049990 GREEN TEA MOISTURE SKIN (111771254) (200ML) South Korea Delhi Air Cargo NOS 12 1,639 137 (COSMETICS)

33049990 ITS REAL SQUEEZE MASK-GREEN TEA (111771000) South Korea Delhi Air Cargo NOS 450 6,145 14 (20ML) (COSMETICS)

33049990 GREEN TEA CLEANSING FOAM (111771125) (150ML) South Korea Delhi Air Cargo NOS 240 14,748 61 (COSMETICS)

33049990 GREEN TEA MOISTURE ESSENCE (111771549) (50ML) South Korea Delhi Air Cargo NOS 12 1,393 116 (COSMETICS)

49990 GREEN TEA FRESH CLEANSING OIL (111771121) (150ML) (COSMETICS) South Korea Delhi Air NOS 12 1,721 143 Cargo

33049990 GREEN TEA BALANCING CLEANSING OIL (111771122) (150ML) (COSMETICS) South Korea Delhi Air NOS 12 1,966 164 Cargo

33049990 GREEN TEA MOISTURE CLEANSING OIL (111771123) (150ML) (COSMETICS) South Korea Delhi Air NOS 12 1,884 157

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Cargo

33029090 FRAGRANCE OIL - JASMIN & GREEN TEA II (AR431715) United Arab Chennai KGS 60 52,349 872 Emirates Sea

33029090 FRAGRANCE OIL - JASMIN & GREEN TEA REED CONC (AR434504) United Arab Chennai KGS 60 78,839 1,314 Emirates Sea

33049990 GREEN TEA SEED BODY OIL 200ML (01834) United Bombay Air PCS 1 1 1 Kingdom Cargo

33049990 GREEN TEA SEED BODY OIL 200ML (01834) United Bombay Air PCS 30 40,856 1,362 Kingdom Cargo

33019079 GREEN TEA OIL (EXTRACT) Spain Bombay Air KGS 25 21,837 873 Cargo

33049990 GREEN TEA BALANCING CLEANSING OIL (111771122) (150ML) (COSMETIC) South Korea Delhi Air NOS 48 7,883 164 Cargo

21069099 SUNFLOWER OIL POWDER, (R1539Z), (RAW MATERIAL FOR United States Dadri-ACPL KGS 8,868 4,614,890 520 NUTRILITEPROTEIN WITH GREEN TEA POWDER - DIETARY / HEALTH CFS SUPPLEMENT)

21069099 SUNFLOWER OIL POWDER, (R1539Z), (RAW MATERIAL FOR United States Dadri-ACPL KGS 8,868 4,614,890 520 NUTRILITEPROTEIN WITH GREEN TEA POWDER - DIETARY / HEALTH CFS SUPPLEMENT)

21069099 SUNFLOWER OIL POWDER, (R1539Z), (RAW MATERIAL FOR United States Dadri-ACPL KGS 4,355 2,301,741 529 NUTRILITEPROTEIN WITH GREEN TEA - DIETARY / HEALTH SUPPLEMENT) CFS

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21069099 SUNFLOWER OIL POWDER, (R1539Z), (RAW MATERIAL FOR United States Dadri-ACPL KGS 4,355 2,301,741 529 NUTRILITEPROTEIN WITH GREEN TEA - DIETARY / HEALTH SUPPLEMENT) CFS

33049990 GREEN TEA MOISTURE CLEANSING OIL ( 150 ML )(111771123)(COSMETICS) South Korea Bombay Air NOS 6 948 158 Cargo

33049990 GREEN TEA FRESH CLEANSING OIL ( 150 ML )(111771121)(COSMETICS) South Korea Bombay Air NOS 6 866 144 Cargo

33049990 THE GREEN TEA SEED OIL ( 30 ML )(111770535)(COSMETICS) South Korea Bombay Air NOS 6 1,732 289 Cargo

33049990 GREEN TEA BALANCING CLEANSING OIL ( 150 ML South Korea Bombay Air NOS 6 990 165 )(111771122)(COSMETICS) Cargo

33049990 C401-01 BOSCIA GREEN TEA OIL-CONTROL MASK (80GM) United States Delhi Air NOS 55 59,119 1,075 Cargo

33049990 GREEN TEA BALANCING CLEANSING OIL ( 150 ML ) ( 111771122 South Korea Bombay Air NOS 6 990 165 )(COSMETICS) Cargo

33049990 THE GREEN TEA SEED OIL ( 30 ML ) ( 111770535 ) (COSMETICS) South Korea Bombay Air NOS 6 1,732 289 Cargo

Export of data of green tea from India 2019-2020

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HS Code Description Destination Port of Loading Unit Quantity Value Per Unit (INR) (INR)

09022020 BOPF(G) TEA (ORGANIC GREEN TEA) 80 SACKSX 25 Germany Cochin Sea KGS 2,000 468,646 234 KGS WE INTEND TO CLAIM REWARD UNDER MERCHANDISE EXPORT FROM INDIAN SCHEME

09021010 TETLEY GREEN DECAFF 50S TEA BAGS-SRS Australia Cochin Sea CTN 1,386 484,678 350 50SX5X1.75GM(WE INTEND TO CLAIM REWARDS UNDER MERCHANDISE EXPORTS FROM INDIA SCHEME

21012090 GAIA LEAF GREEN TEA CADDY TULSI Nepal Raxaul NOS 432 54,432 126

34049090 FE LUXURY SUGAR SOAP OUDH & GREEN TEA France Delhi Air Cargo PCS 1 448 448 125GMS

33049990 FE SILKEN DUSTING POWDER (N) OUDH & GREEN TEA United Delhi Air Cargo PCS 1 554 554 100 GMS States

34011990 VIVEL GREEN TEA SOAP 72X100 G PACK United KATTUPALLI PCS 720 20,799 29 Kingdom VILLAGE,PONNERI TALUK,TIRUVALLUR

21012090 GAIA LEAF GREEN TEA CADDY LEMON Nepal Raxaul NOS 432 54,432 126

09021010 TETLEY GREEN NATURAL 50S TEA BAGS-SRS Australia Cochin Sea CTN 1,907 292,276 153 50SX5X1.2GM(WE INTEND TO CLAIM REWARDS UNDER MERCHANDISE EXPORTS FROM INDIA

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SCHEME

12119099 OW REAL MASHALLAH GREEN TEA 100GM TINBATCH Czech Delhi Air Cargo NOS 80 13,365 167 NO.T-192 BEST BEFORE 4/2019 Republic

34049090 FE LUXURY SUGAR SOAP OUDH & GREEN TEA 125 United Delhi Air Cargo PCS 1 489 489 GMS States

33049190 FE SILKENING SHOWER WASH OUDH & GREEN TEA New Zealand Delhi Air Cargo PCS 1 766 766 200 ML,BATCH-16019,MFG-27/10/2016,EXP- 26/10/2018

21012090 GREEN TEA EXTRACT10 HDP PAIL(We intendto claim Singapore Cochin Sea KGS 10 23,015 2,302 rewards under Merchandise Exports From India Scheme (MEIS)

12119099 GREEN TEA Australia Delhi Air Cargo KGS 3 101 34

33049990 AYURVEDIC COSMETICS ITEMSFE HAIR CLEANSER Poland Delhi Air Cargo PCS 2 1,656 828 OUDH & GREEN TEA 200 ML

09023090 INDIAN ORGANIC TEA GREEN TEA FNGS BATCHM- Sri Lanka Kolkata Sea KGS 1,000 224,785 225 B397/16 DTLS AS PER INV&P/L WE INTENTTO CLAIM REWARD UNDER MEIS

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21012090 GREEN TEA EXTRACT 33 HDP DRUM(We intend to claim Indonesia Cochin KGS 825 1,771,440 2,147 rewards under Merchandise Exports From India Scheme (MEIS)

09023090 INDIAN ORGANIC TEA GREEN TEA LEAFY BATCHM- Sri Lanka Kolkata Sea KGS 200 85,217 426 B389/16 DTLS AS PER INV&P/L WE INTENTTO CLAIM REWARD UNDER MEIS SCHEME

09023020 INDIAN ORGANIC GREEN TEA(PACKET TEA)WE INTEND Germany Kolkata Sea KGS 300 352,606 1,175 TO CLM.MEIS.

09022020 INDIAN ORGANIC GREEN TEA(PACKED TEA) Germany Kolkata Sea KGS 263 232,570 886 ININCLUDING TEA.WE INTEND TO CLM.MEIS.

09021020 INDIAN ORGANIC GREEN TEA(PACKET TEA)WE INTEND Germany Kolkata Sea KGS 400 488,718 1,222 TO CLM.MEIS.

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Export of green tea oil in November 2020

33019090 FE MOISTURE REPLENISHING BATH & SHOWER OIL OUDH & United States Delhi Air Cargo PCS 1,656 1,656 GREEN TEA 200 ML,B/NO.16017,MFG DT.4.11.16,EXP DT.3.11.18

33012990 GREEN TEA OIL (BATCH NO.AI-GTEO-113-1016) Vietnam Tughlakabad KGS 4,284 4,284

33049990 FE MOISTURE REPLENISHING BATH & SHOWER OIL ODUDH & United Arab Delhi Air Cargo PCS 1,607 1,607 GREEN TEA 200ML,BATCH NO-16013,MFG DT-09.09.2016,EXP DT- Emirates 08.09.2018

33049990 FE MOISTURE REPLENISHING BATH & SHOWER OIL OUDH & Switzerland Delhi Air Cargo PCS 1,704 1,704 GREEN TEA 200 ML , BT NO -16013,MFG DT-09.09.2016, EXP DT- 08.09.2018

33049990 FE BLENDED ESSENTIAL OIL DARJEELING GREEN TEA United States Delhi Air Cargo PCS 873 873 15ML,B/NO.16009,MFG.DT.08.10.16,EXP.DT.07.10.18

33073090 AYURVEDIC SKIN CARE PRODUCTS - FE MOISTURE REPLENISHING Australia Delhi Air Cargo PCS 1,700 1,700 BATH & SHOWER OIL OUDH &GREEN TEA 200 ML

33019090 ESSENTIAL OILS - GREEN TEA ABSOLUTE Canada Delhi Air Cargo KGS 2,471 49,425

[NPCS/4211/23661] Page No. 81

33049190 FE BLENDED ESSENTIAL OIL DARJEELING GREEN TEA Norway Delhi Air Cargo PCS 9,121 912 15ML,BATCH NO.16008,MFG-29/08/2016,EXP-28/08/2018

33049990 FE BLENDED ESSENTIAL OIL DARJEELING GREEN TEA 15ML Poland Delhi Air Cargo PCS 933 933 ,BATCH#16008,MFG#29.08.2016,EXP#28.08.2018

33049990 FE MOISTURE REPLENISHING BATH & SHOWER OIL OUDH & South Africa Delhi Air Cargo PCS 3,309 1,655 GREEN TEA 200ML BT NO.16013MFGDT.09.09.2016EXP DT.08.09.2018

33029019 GREEN TEA FRAGRANCE OIL New Zealand Tughlakabad KGS 2,231 1,115

33049990 FE BLENDED ESSENTIAL OIL DARJEELING GREEN TEA 15 Hong Kong Delhi Air Cargo PCS 930 930 ML,BATCH#16007,MFG#12.08.2016,EXP#11.08.2018

33011990 ESSENTIAL OILS-GREEN TEA ABSOLUTE United States Delhi Air Cargo KGS 10,898 43,593

33012990 Green tea essential oil Malaysia Ahmedabad KGS 14,861 2,972

33049990 FE BLENDED ESSENTIAL OIL DARJEELING GREEN TEA 15ML United Arab Delhi Air Cargo PCS 922 922 ,B/NO.16006,MFG.5.14.2016,EXP.5.14.2018 Emirates

33012990 GREEN TEA ABSOLUTEHERBAL OILS FOR AROMATHERAPY Canada Delhi Air Cargo NOS 1,863 466 PURPOSEQTY IN 15ML

33019090 ESSENTIAL OILS - GREEN TEA ABSOLUTE Hong Kong Delhi Air Cargo PCS 4,991 4,991

33019090 GREEN TEA FRAGRANCE OIL Philippines Delhi Air Cargo KGS 133 2,654

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33049990 AYURVEDIC COSMETICS ITEMSFE BLENDED ESSENTIAL OIL France Delhi Air Cargo PCS 593 593 DARJEELING GREEN TEA 15 ML

33019090 ESSENTIAL OILS- GREEN TEA ABSOLUTE Czech Republic Delhi Air Cargo KGS 49,950 49,950

Description Destination Port of Loading Unit Quantity Unit USD Total Value Country USD Tea Black Waste- Sample 8 Kgs *12 Boxes,Kind Of Tea Netherlands Chennai Air Cargo KGS 96 0.60 57.60 (Green Tea, Black Tea Etc) Berrys Body Cream Green Tea(Beauty Parlour Accessories) Maldives Chennai Air Cargo PCS 1 13.44 13.44

Bcl Spa Lemon Grass+Green Tea Scrub(Beauty Parlour Maldives Chennai Air Cargo PCS 2 28.80 57.61 Accessories) Bcl Spa Lemon Grass+Green Tea Mask(Beauty Parlour Maldives Chennai Air Cargo PCS 2 23.04 46.09 Accessories) Bcl Spa Lemon Grass+Green Tea(Beauty Parlour Accessories) Maldives Chennai Air Cargo PCS 2 23.04 46.09

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Astaberry Green Tea/With Wine Combo Facial Kit(Beauty Maldives Chennai Air Cargo SET 1 12.80 12.80 Parlour Accessories) Green Tea Seychelles Chennai Air Cargo NOS 50 1.25 62.68 Ayurvedic Cosmetic Materialfe Luxury Sugar Soap Oudh & Denmark Delhi Air Cargo PCS 2 6.88 13.76 Green Tea Teakashmiri Kahwa Loose Leaf Green Tea100 Gm Vacuum United States Delhi Air Cargo PCS 144 1.50 216.00 Packed "Green Tea Extract 1 Hdp Drum('""We Intendto Claim United States Cochin KGS 25 34.00 850.00 Rewards Under Merchandise Exports From India Scheme (Meis)""" Instant Green Tea Powder. We Claim Rewards Under Thailand Cochin Sea BOX 40 173.00 6920.00 Merchandise Exports From Indiascheme(Meis) Green Tea 100gm New Zealand Cochin Sea PCS 10 1.24 12.36 Instant Green Tea Tctg. We Intend to Claim Rewards Under Hong Kong Cochin Sea BOX 1 173.35 173.35 Merchandise Exports from India Scheme (Meis) Darjeeling Ambootia Organic Green Teagbopf,Detl.As Per Italy Kolkata Sea PCS 2880 1.46 4201.39 Inv(We Intendclm Rewrds Und(Meis)Sch.2015-20 Darjeeling Ambootia Organic Green Teagbopf ,Detl.As Per Italy Kolkata Sea PCS 13800 0.56 7788.15 Inv(We Intendclm Rewrds Und(Meis)Sch.2015-20 Darjeeling Ambootia Organic Green Teabrokens Gbop,Detl.As Italy Kolkata Sea PCS 8640 1.14 9844.13 Per Inv(We Intendclm Rewrds Und(Meis)Sch.2015-20

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Gaia Leaf Green Tea Caddy Tulsi Nepal Raxaul NOS 432 1.88 811.21 Gaia Leaf Green Tea Caddy Lemon Nepal Raxaul NOS 432 1.88 811.21 Vivel Green Tea Soap 72x100 G Pack United Kattupalli Village PCS 720 0.43 309.97 Kingdom Ponneri Taluk Tiruvallur Fe Silken Dusting Powder (N) Oudh & Green Tea 100 Gms United States Delhi Air Cargo PCS 1 8.25 8.25

Financials & Comparison of Major Indian Players/Companies

[NPCS/4211/23661] Page No. 85

Source: CMIE

Section – I

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This section comprises of selected companies with their contact details. These companies have major market share in their respective field.

Name of Company with Contact Details

Following are the existing players in the field of green tea in the region:

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Country Name of Existing Tea Company Teabox Godrej Tea Gujarat Tea Processors & Packers Ltd (WaghBakri brand) India Limtex Brooke Bond Taaza, TajMahal, Red Label and Lipton (owned by Hindustan Unilever) Society Tea Tata Tea and Tetley (owned by Tata Consumer Products) MadhuJayanti International China Ten Fu Group (Zhangzhou, Fujian) Nepal Giribandhu Tea Estate Rakura tea Bhutan The Samchholing Green Tea Cooperative in Trongsa Bhutan Herbal Tea

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Address of Indian Players in India

Teabox (Teaxpress Private Plot No. 319/9, Eastern Bypass Road, Limited) Near Baneshwar More, P.O. Salugarah Siliguri Jalpaiguri - 734008 West Bengal – India

Godrej Tea (Godrej & Boyce) Godrej & Boyce Manufacturing Company, Prima Division, Plant 14 P, Pirojshanagar, Vikhroli, Mumbai – 400079, Maharashtra Gujarat Tea Processors & Gujarat Tea Processors & Packers Ltd. "Avishar", 4th Floor, E.M. Bypass, 369/4, Packers Ltd (Waghbakri Brand) Purbachalkalitala, Kalikapur, Haltu, Kolkata, West Bengal 700099

Limtex India Ltd 25a, Shakespeare Sarani (Theatre Road)2nd Floor, Kolkata-700 017 India Hindustan Unilever Unilever House, B. D. Sawantmarg, Chakala, Andheri (E), Mumbai - 400 099

Society Tea 61, Dr Ss Rao Road, Near Mahatma Gandhi Hospitalparel,Mumbai,Maharashtra 400012

Tata Consumer Products (Tata Tata Consumer Products Limited11/13, Botawala Building,1st Floor,Office # 2-6 Tea And Tetley) Horniman Circle,Fort, Mumbai – 400001 Madhujayanti International 3rd Floor, Jay Complex, 46, Bb Ganguly Street, Bowbazar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700012

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List of top Indian importers/buyers of green tea

Si.No Company Address Tel No Email/Website

1 Madhu Jayanti Jay Complex,46, B.B.Ganguly St,, Calcutta ,West 1800 300 22151 Www.jaytea.cxom International Ltd Bengal

2 Northern Projects Ltd 84/1a, Topsia Road (South), “Trinity Plaza”, 3rd (033) 4055 6800 [email protected] Floor, Kolkata – 700046, India.

3 Rishad Shipping 602, Silver Arc Plaza, 20/1, New Palasia, Indore Mp [email protected] Clearing Agency 452001 In Private Ltd. 4 M.S Food Ventures No. 10/11, 24th Main Road End, 18th Cross, http://msfoodventures.com/ Ayodhya Nagar, J.P. Nagar, 5th Phase, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560078, India 5 Shreenath Enterprise A/10, Mahadev Estate, Cellulose Mill https://www.shreenathindustry.in/ Compound, Ramol Road, C. T. M., Janta 91-8048105310 Nagar, Ahmedabad - 380026, Gujarat, India 6 Nirsan Plantations Alakarai Village, Spring Field Post, Coonoor, The 9442209989 https://nirsan- Nilgiris, Near Catherine Waterfall, Coimbatore- plantations.business.site/ 641004, Tamil Nadu, India

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7 Prakash Tea Agency #39/1 Arcot Srinivasachar street Near chickpet 08041222556, 08022873607 https://prakashteaagency.com/ metro station Bangalore-560053 8 Csa Tea Traders Door No. 5/894, 5th Street Thiruvalluvar Nagar, 5th -8048614658 https://www.indiamart.com/shree- Street, Opposite Appollo Hospital, Perungudi, vallabh-tea/ Chennai-600096, Tamil Nadu, India 9 Shree Vallabh Tea Para Bazaar, Nagarik Bank Chowk, Lohana Para, -8037410173 https://www.indiamart.com/shree- Private Limited Rajkot-360001, Gujarat, India vallabh-tea/

10 Limtex India Ltd 25a, 2nd Floor, Shakespeare Sarani, Theatre Road, +91-3371007500 [email protected] Mullick Bazar, Park Street Area, Kolkata, West Bengal 700017, India 11 Sigma Enterprises Plot No. 40A, Sant Kabir Nagar, Near CISF Colony +91-8048013197 https://www.sigmaenterprises,com/ Mujeri More, Sector 70, Ballabgarh, Sector 8, Faridabad-121004, Haryana, India 12 Futuristic Bajaj Kudal, Maharashtra AP Sangirdewadi, BKG Road, 02362-221768 201021 [email protected] NH-17, Dist Sindhudurg 221994, 9821052851 13 NoshOrgano LLP +91 8700009103 G-14, Sector-3, Noida https://www.noshorgano.com/

201301 (UP) India [email protected] ; [email protected]

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Section – II

This section provides comparative financial performance of companies given in Section – I. This comparison will be helpful to analysis the companies on the basis of their financials viz… Assets, Cash Flow, Cost as% Ge of Sales, Forex Transaction, Growth in Assets & Liabilities, Growth in Income & Expenditure, Income & Expenditure, Liabilities, Liquidity Ratios, Profitability Ratio, Profits, Return Ratios, Structure of Assets & Liabilities (%), Working Capital & Turnover Ratios, etc…..

P.S: Blanks or 0 in the data in above tables is due to non-disclosure of the data by the company.

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Tata Consumer Products (Tata Tea)

Profit & Loss Statement

Particulars 31-Mar-2020 31-Mar-2019

Revenue From Operations 5690 3429.66 Other Income 117.25 182.51 Total Income 5807.99 3612.17 Cost of material consumed 2305.02 2055.97 Purchase of stock-in-trade 1125.86 23.65 Changes in inventories of finished goods, work in progress & stock-in-trade 44.36 0.16 Employees benefits expense 283.44 216.85 Finance costs 25.73 13.18 Depreciation and amortization expense 114.82 31.68 Advertisement and sales charges 384.91 226.55 Other expenses 744.63 468.21 Total Expenses 744.63 468.21 Profit before Exceptional Items and Tax 781.22 575.92 Exceptional Items (Net) (51.81) Profit before Tax 729.41 575.92 Tax Expense

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Particulars 31-Mar-2020 31-Mar-2019

Current Tax 0.61 (160.57) Deferred Tax (206.48) (4.42) Total Tax Expense (net of reversals) (205.87) (164.99)

Net Profit after Tax (A) 523.54 410.93 Other Comprehensive Income i) Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss Re-measurement of defined benefit plans (28.18) 4.67 Changes in fair valuation of equity instruments 9.84 (3.77) (18.34) 0.9 Tax impact of above items 7.47 (1.8) (10.87) (0.9) ii) Items that will be reclassified to profit or loss Gains/(loss) on effective portion of cash flow hedges (6.53) 4.23 Tax impact of above item 2.13 (1.48) (4.4) 2.75 Other Comprehensive Income (B) (15.27) 1.85

Total Comprehensive Income (A+B) 508.27 412.78

Paid up equity share capital (Face value of Re. 1 each) 92.16 63.11

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Particulars 31-Mar-2020 31-Mar-2019

Reserves excluding Revaluation Reserves 10735.99 4358.71 Earnings per share (Basic & Diluted (not annualized for the quarter) – Rs 5.68 6.51

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Balance Sheet of Tata Tea

31-Mar-2020 31-Mar-2019 ASSETS

Non-Current Assets Property, plant and Equipment 225.32 223.84 Capital work-in-progress 22.16 10.52 Investment Property 0.65 Right of Use Assets 124.88 Goodwill 3578.51 Other Intangible Assets 2523.83 18.06 Intangible Assets under development 5.99 6.73 Financial Assets Investments 2324.91 2318.59 Loans 22.35 16.77 Other Financial Assets 24.68 20.41 Deferred Tax Assets (Net) 33.86 Non-current Tax Assets (Net) 123.06 63.38 Other Non-Current Assets 87.64 8349 9063.33 2796.3

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Current Assets Inventories 919.95 846.91 Financial Assets Investments 724.51 497.74 Trade Receivables 314.17 181.92 Cash and cash Equivalents 243.24 408.96 Other Bank Balances 494.53 63.99 Loans 0.66 8.13 Other Financial Assets 75.2 37.42 Other Current Assets 214.84 163.08 2987.1 2208.15

TOTAL ASSETS 12050.43 5004.45 EQUITY AND LIABILITIES

Equity Equity Share Capital 92.16 63.11 Other Equity 10757.85 4380.57 TOTAL EQUITY 10850.01 4443.68

Non-Current Liabilities

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Financial liabilities Lease Liability 121.82 Provisions 137.52 115.25 Deferred tax liabilities 149.22 408.56 115.25 Current Liabilities Financial liabilities Borrowings 35 4.53 Lease liability 23.69 Trade Payables Total outstanding dues of MSME 4.31 3.5 Total outstanding dues of creditors other than MSME 442.73 235.92 Other Financial Liabilities 120.11 99.17 Other Current Liabilities 75.91 65.31 Provisions 73.96 20.65 Current Tax Liabilities (Net) 16.15 16.44 791.86 445.52

TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 12050.43 5004.45

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Cash Flow (in Rs. Million) Particulars 31-March-2020 31-March-2019 A. Cash Flow from Operating Activities 729.41 575.92 Net Profit before Tax

Adjusted for :

Depreciation and Amortization 114.82 31.68

Dividend Income (47.15) (81.25)

Unrealized Exchange (Gain/Loss) (1.69) 0.17

Finance Cost 25.73 13.18

Fair Value movement in Financial instruments at fair value through profit and loss 3.31 (4.41)

Interest Income (46.57) (38.31)

Profit on sale of Current Investments (net) (24.88) (33.45)

Repairment loss recognized in trade receivables (net of reversal) (1.11) 0.51

Profit/Loss on sale of Property, Plant & Equipment (net) 1.33 0.4

Exceptional Items 51.81

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Other Non-Operating Income (25.21)

Operating Profit before working capital changes 805.01 439.5

Adjustments for:

Trade Receivables & Other Assets (118.96) (102.51)

Inventories 80.96 (102.51)

Trade Payables & Other Liabilities 37.05 (9.18)

Cash generated from Operations 804.06 225.3

Direct Taxes paid (net) (59.03) (127.83)

Net Cash from/(used in) Operating Activities 745.03 97.47

B. Cash Flow from Investing Activities

Payment for property, plant and equipment and intangibles (65.28) (53.52)

Sale of property, plant and equipment 0.11 0.17

Sale of non-Current Investments carried at Fair value through OCI 53.2 1.16

Acquisition of Business (101.01)

Investment in Joint Ventures (53) (35.8)

(Purchase)/Sale of Current Investments (net) (201.89) 73.39

(Placement)/Redemption Fixed deposits (net) (430.65) 240

Dividend Income received 47.15 81.25

Interest Income received 41.38 35.42

Inter Corporate Deposits and Loans (net) 1.75 3.5

Net Cash from/(used in) Investing Activities (708.24) 345.57

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C. Cash Flow from Financing Activities

Working Capital facilities (net) 35 (60)

Payment of Lease Liabilities (28.97)

Dividend paid (157.78) (157.78)

Dividend Tax paid (29.12) (24.67)

Finance Cost paid (17.11) (4.71)

Net Cash from/ (used in) Financing Activities (197.98) (247.16)

Net increase/ decrease in Cash and Cash Equivalents (A+B+C) (161.19) 195.88

Opening balance of Cash & Cash equivalent 404.43 208.55

Closing Cash & Cash Equivalent 243.24 404.43

Reconciliation with Balance Sheet

Cash and Cash Equivalents 243.24 404.43

Add: Bank Overdraft 4.53

Balance at the end of the year 243.24 408.96

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Hindustan Unilever

Profit & Loss Statement

Particulars 31-Mar-19 31-Mar-18 Revenue from Operations 38224 35218 Other Income 664 569 Total Income 38888 35787 Cost of material consumed 13240 12491 Purchase of stock-in-trade 4708 3812 Changes in inventories of finished goods, work in progress & stock-in-trade 12 -71 Employees benefits expense 1747 1745 Finance costs 28 20 Depreciation and amortization expense 524 478 Excise Duty 693 Other expenses 9880 9272

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Total Expenses 30139 28440 Profit before Exceptional Items and Tax 8749 7347 Exceptional Items (Net) -227 -62 Profit before Tax 8522 7285 Tax Expense Current Tax -2565 -2148 Deferred Tax credit 79 100 PROFIT FOR THE YEAR 6036 5237

Cash Flow Statement

Particulars 31-Mar-18 31-Mar-18 Cash Flow from Operating Activities Net Profit before Tax 8522 7285

Adjusted for: Depreciation and Amortisation 524 478 Dividend Income -103 -190 Profit/Loss on sale of Property, Plant & Equipment (net) 38 26 Government grant accrued (net) -66 -172 Contingent Consideration true up for business combination 57 48

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Finance Income -323 -266 Fair value gain/loss on investments -164 -113 Profit on disposal of surplus properties -10 Profit on disposal of joint venture -46 Interest expense 28 20 Provision for expenses on employee stock options 10 11 Inventory written off 132 165 Bad debt written off 5 5 Mark-to-market gain/loss on deriavative financial instruments 14 -4

Cash generated before working capital changes 8674 7237 Adjustment for: Increase/ Decrease in Non-Current Assets -64 -44 Increase/decrease in Current Assets 31 -562 Increase/decrease in Inventories -195 -162 Increase/ decrease in Non-Current Liabilities 274 218 Increase/ decrease in Current Liabilities -307 1414 Cash generated from operations 8413 8101 Taxes paid -2685 -2188 Net cash generated from operating activities 5728 5913 CASH FLOW FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES

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Purchase of property, plant and equipment -662 -847 Sale proceeds of property, plant and equipment 4 16 Purchase of Intangible assets -66 -847 Contingent Consideration paid on business combination -13 Sale proceeds of non-current investments 4 Purchase of current investments -70434 -47755 Sale proceeds of current investment 70761 48530 Loans given to subsidiaries -248 -183 Loans repaid by subsidiaries 283 154 Investment in term deposits -4297 -2811 Redemption/maturity of term deposits 3997 1135 Investment in non-current deposits with banks 0

Interest received 308 229 Dividend received from subsidiaries 102 188 Dividend received from others 1 2 Consideration received on disposal of surplus properties 10 Consideration received on disposal of joint venture 73 Net cash generated from investing activities -264 -1261 CASH FLOW FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES Dividend paid -4546 -3896 Dividend distribution tax paid (9130 -755

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Interest paid -3 Proceeds from share allotment under employee stock options/performance share schemes 0 0 Net cash generated from financing activities -5462 -4651 Net increase/decrease in cash and cash equivalents - A+B+C 2 1 Add: Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year 573 572

Balance Sheet

31-Mar-2019 31-Mar-2018

ASSETS

Non-Current Assets Property, plant and Equipment 3907 3776

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Capital work-in-progress 373 430

Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint venture 254 254 Goodwill 36 Other Intangible Assets 400 366 Intangible Assets under development 5.99 6.73 Financial Assets Investments 2 2 Loans 396 404 Other Financial Assets 11 6 Deferred Tax Assets (Net) 339 255 Non-current Tax Assets (Net) 619 439 Other Non-Current Assets 154 78

Current Assets Inventories 2422 2359 Financial Assets Investments 2693 2855 Trade Receivables 1673 1147 Cash and cash Equivalents 575 573 Other Bank Balances 3113 2800 Other Financial Assets 542 829 Other Current Assets 352 560 Assets held for sale 4 16

TOTAL ASSETS 17865 17149 EQUITY AND LIABILITIES

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Equity Equity Share Capital 216 216 Other Equity 7443 6859 TOTAL EQUITY 10850.01 4443.68

Non-Current Liabilities Financial liabilities Other financial liability 173 115 Provisions 1049 772 Non-current Tax liabilities (net) 444 384 Other non-current liabilities 187 167

Current Liabilities Financial liabilities Trade Payables Total outstanding dues of MSME Total outstanding dues of creditors other than MSME 7070 7013 Other Financial Liabilities 276 203 Other Current Liabilities 506 769 Provisions 501 651

TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 17865 17149

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Manpower Requirement

Requirement of Staff & Labour (Skilled and Unskilled) Managerial, Technical, Office Staff and Marketing Personnel (For Details refer Annexure 8)

Designation Number of Person(s) Salary Per Annum

Production Manager 1 420,000.00

Admin Officer cum 1 360,000.00 Accountant Marketing & Sales Person 2 720,000.00 (Per Sales Person)

Security Personnel 3 378,225.00 (Per Security Personnel) Cleaning & Clerical Staff 2 288,000.00 (Per Cleaning Staff)

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Plant & Machinery

List of Plant & Machinery

The major machineries required are given as below:

1. Roaster Tea roasting machine is also called as deoiler, and its heating is divided into electrical heating and hot blast stove heating. The tea roasting machine is mainly used in consequent roasting of tea leaves, since it provides a relative enclosed space, generates stable temperature and slow air circulation, decreases escape of tea flavor, and renders the tea delicious elegance.

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2. Boiler

3. Rolling Table It is widely used for the manufacture of orthodox teas. Rolitea Rollers have been modernised by T & I incorporating such changes as would increase operational convenience and life of the machine. Rolitea - the modern Orthodox tea roller, now in use in all orthodox tea producing areas in India and abroad.

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4. Dryer Tea drying process reduces moisture content from the fermented and rolled tea leaves to attain the moisture level of dried black tea. The process that is completed by use of a tea dryer also allows tea to attain a pleasant aroma. Drying process is achieved by injecting hot air through the fermented leaves which are then conveyed by use of a conveyer chain.

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5. Heater

6. Chain Grade Stroke

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7. Sorting Machine The main purpose of the sorting process is to classify tea flakes according to the color, size, and shape of the particles.In ancient times sorting was just used to remove foreign material and big broken leaves, and you were needed to perform all the tasks manually.

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8. Coal Saver Panel

Electric Load and Water

Particulars Units/per year

Plant& Machinery 86400 Kwh

General Lightning 38400 Kwh

Water Consumption 2040 Liter

Fuel Consumption 953 liters

Maintenance Cost

Maintenance cost for the Plant & Machinery is assumed to be 2% of Project Cost from the 2nd year of operation it will increase 6.5% every year thereafter.

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Sources of Plant and Machinery

Tea Production Machinery

Tea Mech India Ajay Haldia (Proprietor) No. 96 D, Karaya Road, 4th Floor, Ballygunge, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India Mobile: +91-8048743579 Phone: 08048743579 Website: http://teamechindia.com/

Vikram India Limited Suneel Kumar Agarwal (Senior Manager) Tabacco House' 4th Floor, 1, Old Court House Corner, Kolkata-700001, West Bengal, India Mobile: +91-9830811145 Website: https://www.indiamart.com/vikram-india-limited/

ChemDist Process Solutions Tushar Wagh (Partner) Plot No. 311, Sector 7, PCNTDA, Bhosari Sector No. 7, Pune - 411026, Maharashtra, India Phone: 08043043149 Website: https://www.chem-dist.com/

Parucco's Foundry Private Limited Registered Office: (ROOM NO. 8 TO 11) 142/1, G.T.Road P.O. – Bowbazar Chatra, Serampore, Hooghly-712204 West Bengal, India. Factory: Delhi Road,Bighati, P.O.-Bhadreswar, Hooghly – 712124 West Bengal, India.

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Phone: 07971480227 Website https://www.paruccofoundry.in/ S.S.A. Air Systems Prakash R. Kamath (Proprietor) 107, Asha Kiran Apartments, 39 K. R. Road, Basavanagudi, Bengaluru-560004, Karnataka, India Mobile +91-8048948776

B. K. Traders 452, Somwar Peth, Yugm Manzil, Khadiche Maidan Chowk, Behind Apollo Theatre, Pune-411011, Maharashtra, India Bunty Jain (Proprietor) Mobile +91-8048757588 Phone 08048576099

Zenith Forgings Private Limited 13, Brabourne Road, Kolkata 700 001, India. Phone +91 33 2242 8083/9410/6557/6558 Fax +91 33 2242 6556 Email [email protected] [email protected] Website http://www.zenithforgings.com/

Kartikay’s International Contact Person: Rupesh K. Mishra (Managing Director) C 97, Sector 65, Gautam Budh Nagar District, Noida - 201301, Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India Mobile +91-8048602987 Website https://www.kartikaysinternational.com/

G.K tea Industries 7A Hospital Street, (First Floor) Kolkata – 700072 West Bengal INDIA

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Email [email protected] Phone +91 33 4006 3241 +91 98300 84341 Website http: www.gktea.com Labh Projects Private Limited (Labh Group of Companies) Corporate Office - 4th floor, Sarthik Square, Near Info Tower, S. G. Road, Ahmedabad – 380 054 India. Email [email protected] Phone +91 79666 11888 / +91 79666 11999 Website https://labhgroup.com/

Workson Industries Corporate Address- Rawdon Street, Kolkata - 700071, West Bengal, India Managing Partner: Mr. Inderpal Singh Mobile Number: 09831261402 Assam Address- Workson Industries, Kodomoni, K.C. Gogoi Road, Dibrugarh - 786001, Assam Contact Person: Veeru Singh Sokhi, Senior Executive (Marketing) Mobile Number: 9864232270 Website http://workson.in/

Bharat Engineering Works 34, Chittaranjan Avenue, 4th Floor, Kolkata-700012, WB, India +91 3322123662 / +91 3322123663 Phone (033) 22880004/0005 Email- [email protected] Email: [email protected] Website https://www.bharatengg.in/

Bhargab Engineering works Aritra Sen (Partner) P-292, Banaras Road, Banaras Road, Howrah,

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West Bengal 711108, India Phone: +91 33 2651 2143 Phone 08037268182 Website http://www.bhargab.com/

Vikram Tea Processor Pvt. Ltd. “Bhaishree Chambers” 2nd Floor, Veer Sawarkar Chowk, Jalna – 431203, Maharashtra, India. Fax: 02482-238388 E-mail: [email protected] Phone +91- 9830811145 Website https://vikramtea.com/

YSM Biotech International S M Mishra (Managing Partner) UL 30, EF3 Mall, Plot No. 12, Sector 20 A Faridabad - 121001, Haryana, India Phone +91-8048762267 Website https://www.ysmbiotech.com/

Marshall Fowler Engineers India (P) Limited Sachin Amanna No. 69/ 1, A.V.G. Layout, SIDCO Industrial Estate Post Kurichi, Coimbatore - 641021, Tamil Nadu, India Phone +91-8042967430 Website https://www.dryermanufacturer.com/

Mariya Engineering Works Mathew Scaria (proprietor) No. 13, Gandhiji Road, Kandasamy Gounder Street, Rathinapuri Post, Sanganoor, Coimbatore - 641027, Tamil Nadu, India

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Phone +91-8048007292 Website https://www.mariyaenginworks.com/

Packaging Machine

Sikri Packaging Corporation Manish Sikri (Partner) 76, Christopher Road, Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Tangra, Kolkata-700046, West Bengal, India Mobile: +91-8048737768 Website: http://www.sikripackaging.com/

Unitek Packaging Systems Private Limited D Sharma (Sales & Marketing Manager) 23, Okhla Industrial Area New Delhi - 110020, Delhi, India Mobile: +91-8048601186 Website: https://www.unitekpackagingsystems.com/

Indian Packaging Machineries Parvesh Ahlawat (CEO) I-15, Phase 1, D. L. F. Industrial Area Sector 32, Faridabad - 121003, Haryana, India Mobile: +91-8048763756 Website: https://www.packagingmachinary.com/

Blenzor India

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Santosh Sawant (Proprietor) A-102, Samruddhi, Ranade Road, Dadar West, Mumbai - 400028, Maharashtra, India Phone: Us+91-8047017728 Website: https://www.blenzormachines.com/

Sun Shine Industries Dharmendra Singh (Proprietor) Plot No 41, Gali No. W 3, Saroorpur Industrial Area Sector 53, Faridabad - 121005, Haryana, India Phone: +91-8048413565 Website: https://www.sunshinepouchpacking.com/ Vista Technopack Machines Manik Chauhan (Director) No. 17/B, Sultan Market, Andheri-Ghatkopar Link Road Andheri East, Mumbai - 400072, Maharashtra, India Phone: +91-8048077472 Website: https://www.vistatechnopack.in/

Genius Engineering Machines Usman Saif (Proprietor) Plot No. 4 & 5, 16/2, Karkhana Bagh Faridabad - 121002, Haryana, India Phone: +91-8048885038 Website: https://www.gempackindia.com/

Packman Engineering Prakash Khokale (Proprietor) Plot No. 14, Shri Hari Darshan Industrial Plot Opposite New Maninagar, Behind Phase IV, Near Baroda Express Way Under Bridge, GIDC Vatwa, Ahmedabad-382445, Gujarat, India Mobile: +91-8048622550 Website: http://www.packmanengineering.com/

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Unique Packaging Machines Ashok Gurjar (Proprietor) Shop No. 34, Behind Pollution Department, Sikar Road, Road No. 5, VKIA Vishwakarma Industrial Area, Jaipur - 302039, Rajasthan, India Mobile: +91-8048119992 Website: https://www.uniquepackagingmachines.com/

Varieties of Tea

All tea comes from only one plant called Camellia sinensis. However, based on the type of tea leaves picked and the level of oxidation or processing, tea is classified into five main types: Black, Green, Oolong, White and Pu-erh.

Black tea It is the most common type of tea accounting for upto 85% of total tea consumption in the western world. Black tea is fully oxidized and has darker appearance, stronger flavor and higher caffeine content compared to other teas. The caffeine content in black tea is still around half the level of coffee. Often black teas can be consumed with sugar, milk or lemon and offer some of the same health benefits as other teas.

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Green tea It is 'unoxidised' tea. The leaves are heated soon after picking in order to destroy the enzymes that cause oxidation. This type of processing preserves a high level of antioxidants, vitamins and minerals accounting for the various health benefits of green tea. The infusion is pale greenish yellow in color and tastes light and grassy. It is best consumed without any additives, although some people may prefer to add lemon or a sweetener but not milk.

Oolong tea It is semi-oxidized, so the leaf is allowed to sit for maybe 2-4 hours, before being heated up to halt oxidization. The amount of oxidation affects the flavor and appearance of the tea. Longer oxidization results in a darker oolong which is more similar in taste to a black tea, while shorter oxidization makes it more similar in nature to green tea. When steeped, Oolong tea produces golden or light brown tea with a very delicate flavor resembling neither black nor green tea.

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White tea White tea is the least processed of all teas. Only the unopened buds and young leaves covered in silver fuzz are used, and they are merely withered and dried. White tea produces a very light coloured infusion with mild flavour. Its caffeine content is even lower than that of green tea and is considered to have a very high level of antioxidants. White tea is best consumed without any additives at all.

Pu-erh tea It is a special type of tea that comes from the Yunan province of China and is known for its earthy flavor. It is made out of tea plucked from wild tea trees rather than cultivated

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bushes and the leaves go through microbial fermentation by pressing the raw leaves together and then storing them for maturity. Pu-erh tea can be either black or green depending on the level of oxidation allowed in the process. Although we don't stock any Pu-erh tea on its own, our Coffee Truffle tea has Pu-erh tea as the base onto which we have added coffee beans and cocoa pieces to give it a rich coffee chocolate flavor.

Black Tea Green Tea Oolong Tea

White Tea Pu-erh Tea

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Flavored tea

Flavored teas are created by adding flowers, herbs, fruits and other natural flavors to black, green or oolong teas. Some of the more common types of flavored teas include:

Earl Grey It is the most popular flavored tea of Britain. It is prepared by adding extract of bergamot, a citrus fruit to black tea. It was created in the 1800s to mask the flavor of cheap tea and to pass it off as expensive tea. Although many supermarket shelves are still filled with the cheaper varieties, it is now possible to buy premium Earl Grey which has been created by infusing the finest blend of black tea with best Italian bergamot.

Jasmine tea The tea infused with the aroma of jasmine blossoms. It is the most popular scented tea of China. It is usually made with green tea, but white, oolong and black teas are also used. The method of infusing the scent of jasmine flowers into the tea is very laborious and takes several days. The tea is stored with the flowers in a special room with controlled humidity. This is done during night as that is when the jasmine flowers bloom. The process is repeated over several nights to get the right level of scent.

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Masala Chai It is black tea mixed with traditional Indian spices like cardamom, cloves, cinnamon and ginger. It is usually prepared by boiling water and milk along with tea and spices and sweetened with sugar. It is the most popular way of drinking tea in India. However this wasn't always the case. When tea was first grown in India, it was not a popular beverage among the locals. Hence some Indian vendors began adding it to a local drink called 'kadha' which was water and milk boiled with spices.

Other flavored teas The world of flavored tea is limited only to the imagination of tea blenders. Some of the more creative examples of flavored teas include our Divine Elixir which is a blend of green and white tea with lychee and peach flavours or our Lemon Ginger tea which is black tea with natural dried pineapple, lemongrass, ginger pieces, calendula and sunflower petals.

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Herbal infusions (Tisanes) In addition to the above, herbal infusions from other plants are also sometimes referred to as tea, although not to the purists. The correct term for any non-tea beverage is tisane or just herbal infusion. Examples include chamomile, peppermint, rooibos, etc.

Fruit teas are made from natural unprocessed fruits. They are naturally sweet but do not have the overpowering sweetness of sugar. Fruit teas are high in antioxidants and vitamin C and do not contain any caffeine, making them ideal for drinking before going to bed. They can also be drunk as iced tea, making them a healthy alternative to fizzy drinks and even some fruit juices.

Some examples of fruit teas that you can find in our shop include Moringa Passion Fruit which contains apple bits, raisins, carrots, beetroot, candied pineapple, candied papaya, natural flavoring, moringa leaves & lemon peel; and Golden Pear which contains dried apple, pear, rose blossoms, vanilla pieces and natural flavours.

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Flower teas: In addition to their wonderful aroma and natural beauty, a lot of flowers have therapeutic properties and calming effect. One of the most common herbal tea made out of flowers is Camomile tea which is made of dried camomile flowers and is proven to be an effective antioxidant. Another example is the Blue Butterfly Pea Flowers made of gorgeous blue flowers are grown in Thailand and are full of antioxidants (anthocyanin). Adding a few drops of lime juice to this tisane turns the blue into a beautiful purple.

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Leaf teas: Leaves of some non-tea plants make excellent herbal tea. Examples include Yerba Mate which is made from the leaves of the holly tree of the South Amerian rain-forests and one of the few herbal teas that has the caffeine content of Arabica coffee. Another very popular herbal tea made out of non-tea leaves is the Rooibos tea. Grown exclusively in South Africa, the leaves of the Rooibos plant turn red after processing and are caffeine free.

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Cultivation of tea

The natural habitat of the tea plant is considered to be within the fan-shaped area between the Nagaland, Manipur, and Lushai hills along the Assam-Myanmar (Burma) frontier in the west; through to China, probably as far as Zhejiang province in the east; and from this line south through the hills of Myanmar and Thailand into Vietnam. The three main varieties of the tea plant, China, Assam, and Cambodia, each occur in their most distinct form at the extremes of the fan-shaped area. There are an infinite number of hybrids between the varieties; such crosses can be seen in almost any tea field.

The China variety, a multistemmed bush growing as high as 9 feet (2.75 metres), is a hardy plant able to withstand cold winters and has an economic life of at least 100 years. When grown at an altitude near that of Darjeeling and Sri Lanka (Ceylon), it produces teas with valuable flavor during the season’s second flush or growth of new shoots.

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The Assam variety, a single-stem tree ranging from 20 to 60 feet (6 to 18 metres) in height and including several sub-varieties, has an economic life of 40 years with regular pruning and plucking. The tea planter recognizes five main sub-varieties: the tender light-leaved Assam, the less tender dark-leaved Assam, the hardy Manipuri and Burma types, and the very large-leaved Lushai. In Upper Assam the dark-leaved Assam plant, when its leaves are highly pubescent, produces very fine quality “golden tip” teas during its second flush.

The oldest known beverage, tea is native of China in South East Asia. It was known to the Chinese as early as 2737BC, but attained the status of a popular drink in England in 1664 AD. India is the largest producer, consumer and exporter in tea industry. Tea belongs to the genus Camellia and family Camelliaceae. The original species, which produces tea, were C.assamica (Assam jats), C.sinensis (China jats) and their natural hybrid, C.assamica subspecies lasiocalyx (Indo China or cambod type). Being a highly cross pollinated crop, the present day seedling populations are mixture of both the above two species, however, from their major share of characters – Assam or China type can be distinguished by the following characters.

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Leaves of Tea Plant (Camila sinensis)

Tea gardens are set up on the cleared hill slopes where shade trees are planted in advance. Seeds are sown in the germination beds and the saplings transplanted to the garden. The garden is regularly hoed and weeded so that tea bush grows without any hindrance. Use of manures and fertilizers is a common practice in the gardens. Oil cakes and green manures are widely used. Pruning of the plant is an essential part of tea cultivation. It helps in maintaining the proper shape of tea bush to a height of about one metre with about the same diameter. The aim of pruning is to have new shoots bearing soft leaves in plenty and to facilitate the plucking of leaves by women labourers from the ground.

Growth Conditions

Climate

The climate of tea is strict. The temperature ranges from 16 to 320 degrees Celsius, and it requires 150-300 cm annual rainfall which should be well distributed throughout for 8-9 months in a year. While prolonged dry spell is harmful for tea, high humidity, heavy dew and morning fog favour rapid development of young leaves. Alternate waves of warm and cool winds are very helpful for tea leaves. Tea is a shade-loving plant and develops more vigorously when planted along with shady trees. In most cases, the atmospheric humidity should always be kept at about 80%. A very dry atmosphere is not suitable for drinking tea. If there is a cool season, with average temperatures 20 °F (11 °C) or more below those of the warm season, the growth rate will decrease and a dormant period will follow, even when the cool season is the wetter one.

Soil

Tea bush grows well in well drained, deep, friable loams. However, virgin forest soils rich in humus and iron content are considered to be the best soils for tea plantations. Relatively large proportion of phosphorus and potash in the soil gives special flavour to

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tea as is the case in Darjeeling. In order to increase the yield, proper dose of nitrogenous fertilizers such as ammonium sulphate should be given to soil.

Tea soils must be acid; tea cannot be grown in alkaline soils. A desirable pH value is 5.8 to 5.4 or less. It grows on the plains of the northeastern state, and in southern India, it grows on the hills 600 to 2200 m above M.S.L. Tea is a calcified crop that requires relatively low calcium content, but high potassium and silicon content. They can grow in red soil, alluvial soil and tofu soil.

Irrigation Although tea requires heavy rainfall for its growth, stagnant water is injurious to its roots. It is, therefore, grown on hill slopes where water drains away easily and water- logging does not take place. However, it grows equally well in the valley if the drainage is good. Most of the tea plantations in India are found at elevations varying from 600 to 1,800 metres above sea level.

Propagation

Tea can be propagated through seeds and cuttings. The seeds collected from the fruit of the seed berry are soaked in water, and only the sinking heavy seeds can be sown on the bed alone. Germination occurs in 20 to 30 days. At that stage, they were carefully lifted and transplanted into polyethylene sleeves. They will be ready for planting within 9 months.

Vegetative Propagation

The location of the nursery can be selected on a flat land or a gentle slope, close to the perennial water source and easily accessible by road. It should have a good drainage system and should be protected from wind, frost and wild animals. Approximately 12.5 hectares of nurseries need to produce 125 million cuts. By erecting concrete or stone pillars at a distance of 3x3m and spreading them out with a 6mm2 mesh double- stranded coirmat, it provides about 67% of the shade, thereby providing a ceiling shade for the nursery area.

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The rooting cuttings are collected from bushes, which are well maintained near the nursery. Prune such bushes in advance to induce shoots. These young shoots were collected for a few hours in the morning and were 3 cm long. Each young shoot had healthy mother leaves and prepared active axillary buds. Avoid cutting chips from the top tender wood and bottom brown wood. Plant these cuttings in polyethylene bags (30cmx10cmx150 specifications), fill the bottom with growth medium (jungle soil: river sand 3: 1), and fill the top with 8-10cm rooting medium (red/subsoil: sand 1: 1). The optimal pH range of the soil used for rooting medium should be 4.8 to 5.0, if it is higher, that is, 5.1 to 5.5 or 5.6 to 6.0, it must be soaked with 1 liter or 2% aluminumsulfate solution for 1 cubic meter per liter, respectively Feet of soil mud. After this treatment, water should be sprayed twice as much as ordinary water to wash excess aluminumsulfate. Plant the cuttings carefully in the center of the bag so that the petiole does not touch the soil, and then water. These bags are then pulled on the G.I. wire rope and sides to keep moisture. The callus starts within 4-6 weeks, and rooting occurs within 10 to 12 weeks. When 80% of the cuttings take root, the tent will be opened in stages, and the shadow of the ceiling will gradually decrease to harden the plants.

Land Preparation

The land is cleared of the roots of the fallen trees and drains are taken at suitable intervals depending upon the slope to conserve the soil. In the olden days, up and down system of planting at 1.2x1.2m are followed. Presently, contour planting either in a single hedge or double hedge system is followed. Sl Type Spacing Population/ha No. 1 Up and Down 1.2 x 1.2m 6800 2 Contour planting single hedge. 1.2 x 0.75m 10800 3 Contour planting double hedge. 1.35 x 0.75 x 0.75m 13200

Compared with the first two methods, the latter method has many advantages, namely, early, high yield, better soil protection, less growth of weeds in hedgerows, and effective farming methods.

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Sowing

Time of sowing The planting season in the southwest monsoon and northeast monsoon regions usually coincides with June/July and September/October.

Sowing Depth Dig a hole 30x30x45cm in size, and plant 12-15 months old plants by removing the polyethylene casing. Stake out plants immediately after sowing to prevent wind damage.

Aftercare Tea requires year round maintenance. Every one to five years the plants are trimmed from waist to knee height to keep them from growing into trees and prevent the branches from extending too far sideways. Seasonal pickings keep the bushes trimmed like a hedge.

After planting, the soil surface around the plants should be covered immediately. For this reason, cut grass of cattle au is usually used. One hectare of land requires about 25 tons of grass. Care must be taken to keep covering materials away from the collar area, lest they may cause collar diseases. If the weather is dry, you can bury the mud pipe or ether pipe at a depth of 15 cm near the plant, in an inclined position, and water each plant once a week or inject one liter of water. In addition to encouraging the

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development of deeper roots, this kind of underground soil irrigation also helps to minimize causality.

Shade management

• Tea requires filtered shade and if it is exposed to direct sun, its growth is affected. Shade is hence essential and beneficial to tea as it regulates the temperature. • It minimises the effects of drought and radiation injury. • It increases the soil fertility • It helps in recycling of nutrients. • It helps in getting even distribution of crop. • It serves as windbreak. • It reduces the incidences of pests. • It generates additional income by way of timber and fuel.

The desirable characters of a good shade tree like:

• It must be an evergreen tree, easy to propagate having quick growing and deep rooted characters. • It provides filtered shade and withstands frequent lopping. • It tolerates wind and frost. • It does not have allopathic effect. • It has commercial timber value also.

Weed control

Weeds will be a problem in young and trimmed fields. It is never recommended to manually weed in the tea, so as not to cause more soil erosion and damage to the surface roots and collar area. Therefore, it is recommended to separately control the following chemical weeds in tea.

Type of weed Herbicides Dosage Dicots Paraquat (gramoxone) 1.12 ltr/Ha Dicots Sodium salt of 2,4-D (Fernoxone) 1.4 Kg/Ha

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Grasses 2,2-Dichloro propionic acid (Dalapon) 5.6 Kg/ha

Plant Protection

Insect-Pest and Their Management

Many pests and diseases are known to infect tea bushes and cause economic losses. The important pests and diseases, their typical symptoms and control measures are:

1. Tea mosquitoes (Helopeltisantonii)

Symptoms: Small adult bugs and hairy orange nymphs suck the sap from fresh leaves and tender shoots; leaves curl up, dry and die; active from January to September.

Measures: Collect and destroy bugs during the initial stages; spray 0.1% Malathion or 0.05% Lindane.

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2. Shot-hole borer (Xyleborusfornicatus)

Symptoms: Grubs make a typical short-hole on the branches and inside gallaries. A serious problem in low and mid elevation areas

Measures: Badly affected branches are pruned off. Heptachlor 20 EC is sprayed @ 8.5 l in 675 lit. of water/ha on the pruned frames and prunings.

3. Red spider mite (Oligonychuscoffeae)

Symptoms: Infests upper surface of mature leaves

Measures: Tetradifon (8 EC) 1 to 1.25lit/ha.

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4. Scarlet mite (Brevipalpuscalifornicus)

Symptoms: Discolouration of leaves often leads to defoliation

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5. Purple mite(Calacaruscarnatus)

Symptoms: Leaves exhibit smoky grey colour

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6. Pink mite(Acaphyllatheae)

Symptoms: Young leaves turn pale and get twisted.

Control Measure: Dicofol or Ethion @ 1lit./ha.

7. Yellow mite (Polyphagotarosnemuslatus)

Symptoms: Infest pluckable shoot, leaves become rough, brittle and corky in under surface.

8. Thrips (Scirtothripsbispinosus)

Symptoms: Leaf surface becomes uneven, curly and metty, exhibiting parallel lines of feeding marks on either side of the midrib

Control Measure: Phosalone or endosulfon 1lit/ha.

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9. Nematodes (Meloidogynejavanica,M. incognita)

Symptoms: Occur in tea nursery, infested roots develop galls.

Control Measure: Pre heat treatment of soil media upto 60-800C and application of carbofuran3G @ 80g/m3 of medium.

Disease

1. Blister blight (Exobasidiumvexans)

Symptoms: Infects tender leaves and stem and develops translucent spot. Cloudy and wet weather favour infection.

Control measures: Copper oxychloride 350g in 67lit of water with power sprayer for pruned field at 3-4 days interval.In the plucking Oxychloride + 210g Nickel chloride in 45lit of water/ha at 7 days interval.

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2. Black root diseases (Roselliniaarcuata)

Symptoms: Infested roots show black mycelium on the roots, white star shaped mycelium between bark and wood and Black lead shot like perithecia seen on collar region.

Control Measure: The soil may be drenched with Dithane M-45 @ 30g/10 litres.

3. Red root disease(Poriahypolateritia)

Symptoms: Infected roots exhibit blood red mycelium on washing. It spreads fast but slowly kills.

Control Measures: Take trenches of 1.2m deep and 45 cm width sorrounding the infected bushes and uproot and burn the bushes in situ.Rehabilitate soil with gautemala grass.Soil fumigation with methyl bromide carbon-di-sulphide

4. Brown root disease (Fomesnoxius)

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Symptoms: Infected root wood turns soft and spongy, it spreads slowly but kills quickly.

Training and Pruning

In young tea, when the tea plant is well established, it is centered, that is, the growth point is removed, leaving 8 to 10 mature leaves from the bottom to induce secondary growth. When the secondary plants reach more than 60 cm, 3 to 4 leaves and buds are removed to induce three growths, and their height is inclined to 50-55 cm. Therefore, plucking will continue at the mother leaf stage to better develop the framework. It takes about 18 to 20 months from planting to reaching the regular picking stage.

Pruning is done in tea

• to maintain to convenient height for plucking • to induce more vegetative growth • to remove dead and de funct wood and • to remove the knots and interlaced branches.

Pruning is usually 4 to 6 years apart, depending on the height of the garden, the nature of the material, etc. Bushes marked as pruning should have enough starch reserves at the roots, otherwise the sprouts after pruning should have enough starch reserves at the roots, otherwise the following pruning will be less. It can usually be tested by an ordinary iodine test. If the starch reserves are low, the bushes can be allowed to stand for 2 to 3 months. The different types of pruning are as follows:-

Sl. Type of pruning Pruning height Season Remarks No. (cm) 1. Rejuvenation 20 – China Jat, April – May Done is old bushes affected with pruning 30 – Assam Jat cankar and wood rot to invigorate the new healthy branches. Not done regularly. 2. Hard pruning 30 – 45 Apr. – May First formative pruning done to a young tea. 3. Medium pruning 45 – 60 Aug. – Sept. Normal pruning whereever frames are healthy. 4. Light pruning 60 – 65 Aug. – Sept. Normal pruning whereever

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frames are healthy. 5. Skiffing 65 Aug. – Sept. Mainly to postpone pruning and to encourage better frame development.

After repair or hard trimming, immediately apply a paste made of copper oxychloride and linseed oil (1:1) to the cut ends. Pruning consists of only small pedicels and leaves, and is buried in a trench with a width of 30 cm and a depth of 45 cm, and the trenches are arranged alternately. Wash the trimmed bushes with the No. IV nozzle of a power sprayer with a 10% lime solution to kill the epiphytic growth of moss and lichens, causing early bud breakage. Lime washing can also minimize the sun exposure of the bushing frame.

The buds from the pruned shoots grow in a steady succession without any cessation of growth. These are known as a periodic shoots or primary shoots. These primary shoots should be induced to produce flush shoots, otherwise known as periodic shoots by regular tipping operation. Tipping is the removal of terminal portion of the shoot and it varies with jats and pruning height as given below. Tipping height refers to the number of leaves that must be left above the pruned cut while tipping in material refers to that portion of the terminal shoot, which must be tipped off.

Pruning height (cm) Tipping height (cm) Tipping in material China Hybrid Assam/ China Hybrid Assam/ China Hybrid Assam/ Assam Hybrid Assam Hybrid Assam Hybrid 35-45 35-55 5 4 3 leaves and a 4 leaves and a bud bud 45-55 55-60 4 3 4 leaves and a 4 leaves and a bud bud 55-75 60-75 2 2 4 leaves and a 4 leaves and bud bud - > 75 - 1 - 4 leaves and a bud

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Manures and fertilizers

Tea responds to feces. It is estimated that for every 100 kg of artificial tea produced, the tea factory will use 10.2, 3.2 and 5.4 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers per hectare on average. The nutrients in tea start from the nursery stage itself. Once the roots are touched (after 4 months), dissolve 30 grams of the soluble mixture (35 parts ammonium phosphate (20:20), every 15 parts potassium sulfate and magnesium sulfate, every 15 parts zinc sulfate and magnesium sulfate and 3 parts sulfuric acid Zinc) was added to 10 liters of water and approximately 900 plants were applied together with roselle. It must be repeated every 15 days.

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Nitrogen: The recommendation for mature tea is based mostly on soil organic matter status and anticipated yield. For a field with medium organic matter status the following rates of application is suggested for every 100kg of made tea anticipated:

Yield level Rate of Nitrogen (for 100 kg of No. of split applications (kg/ha) made tea) <3000 10 kg 4 3000 8 kg 5 3000 and above 9 kg 6

Twenty per cent of the total nitrogen is given in the form of Ammonium sulphate during March/April. Urea is recommended in May/June and receding monsoon months avoiding very wet and very dry periods and it will come to 65% of total nitrogen. Fifteen percent of the total nitrogen is applied in the form of Calcium Ammonium Nitrate during pre-winter (November-December).

Potassium: Nitrogen and potassium are always applied together. NK ratio of 1:1 is used for plucking fields while for a pruned field 2:3 NK ratio is recommended. For rejuvenation pruned field 1:2 NK ratio is suggested. The enhanced rates of potassium application in the pruned year is to encourage formation of healthy farmers. Muriate of potash is the sources of potassium used in tea fields. The NK fertilizers are applied by broadcast for mature tea and is broadcast and dibbled in along the drip circle for young tea. The interval between two successive applications should be atleast 3-4 weeks.

Phosphorus: Phosphorus is applied once in alternate years @ 90kg P2O5/ha for fields yielding less than 3000kg/ha for fields yielding between 3000 and 4500kg/ha, 60 to 80kg P2O5/ha is suggested every year. The soils being acidic, rock phosphate could be advantageously used. The fertilizer should be placed at 15-22cm depth.

Micronutrients: Among the micronutrients, zinc deficiency is often manifested in young shoots characterised by reduced leaf size, rosetting, chlorosis and formation of more banji shoots. Application of zinc sulphate @ 6 to 8kg/ha for high yielding fields every year is the general recommendation. The above quantity can be given in 4 to 5 split applications during has been found beneficial to combine other micronutirents viz., Manganese sulphate @ 15.5g/10 litres and boric acid @ 5.5g/10 litres of spray volume along with zinc sulphate spray.

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Liming: In the hill soils, due to the leaching of bases by rain and also due to the incessant application of acid forming fertilizers, the soil pH is often reduced which affects the physical and chemical properties of soil. Therefore, periodical application of lime is essential properties of soil. Therefore, periodical application of lime is essential to amend the soil and maintain optimum pH. Agricultural lime (Calcium carbonate) and dolomitic lime (Calcium Magnesium carbonate) are generally recommended for tea soils. The rate of application is based on soil pH, rainfall, fertilizer usage and length of the pruning cycle. Roughly lime @ 1.5mt/ha for a pH between 4.5 to 4.9, 3.0mt/ha for a pH between 4.0 to 4.4 and 4.0mt/ha for a pH of less than 4.0 is suggested. The lime is applied by evenly broadcasting prior to pruning once in a pruning cycle. First manuring following liming can be had after 6 weeks and a minimum of 15cm rainfall should have been received during this period.

Harvesting or Plucking

Tea is almost exclusively handpicked. In most parts of the world the work is done by women. Tea leaves have to be picked carefully. If they too big they are too tough; if they are too small, they are not economically viable

The tea pickers pluck new and tender "flush" (two leaves and a bud). These flushes appear every seven or eight days in hot climates and around twice that long in cooler climates. Generally, the buds near the end of a branch are considered to be the best quality. Lower quality one is found further down the branch. The flushes are flung over the shoulder of the pickers into baskets strapped onto their heads and backs. Good pickers pick around 160 pounds of leaves a day, form which about 40 pounds of finished eta is made.

Freshly picked leaves weigh about twice as much as correctly dried tea leaves. Skill and experience are needed to accurately judge their condition. It is difficult to produce a high quality tea. Some that do pick just one bud and two leaves from a single twig (many companies remove more leaves to increase production) and pick the leaves between 9:00am and 3:00pm when the leaves are in the best condition.

Picking involves harvesting 2 to 3 leaves and a bud. This is the most labor-intensive operation in the tea industry, and it also determines the output and quality of tea.

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Generally, it takes 60 to 90 days for the harvestable buds to be harvested since the axillary buds emerge. When the shoots are pulled to the mother leaf, it is called light pulling. If the shoots are pulled to the mother leaf, it is called hard pulling. The plucking intervals and standards related to farming are as follows:

Cropping pattern Months Plucking interval High cropping or Rush April – June and October – 7 – 10 days cropping (60% of total crop) December Low cropping or lean July – September and 12 –15 days cropping (40% of total crop) January – March

A layer of active maintenance of branches and leaves must be added to the bushes every year. This is done by picking the mother leaves from January to March. In the rest of the time period, plucking can be performed.

As a result of plucking, the height of the bushes increases by about 10cm each year compared to the tipping height of the first year, and the height of the second, third, fourth and fifth years increases by 7.5cm, 7.5cm, 5cm and 5cm respectively from the height of the previous year.

Yield

The yield of artificial tea per hectare depends on many factors, such as altitude, cloning or wilting of seedlings, management practices, severity of pruning, processing techniques, etc. Generally, in the tea industry, considering the low yield in fields that can produce up to 2000 kg of artificial tea per hectare, the medium yield is 2000 to 3000 kg, and the yield is higher than 3000 kg in the field.

Processing of green tea

Basically, there are two types of processing viz.,

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1. Orthodox method in which the rolling operation is done in a series of rollers. The rollers have rotary tables with battens, jacket for loading the leaf and a pressure cup, 2. CTC method (cutting, tearing and curling) which has a CTC machine, consisting of series of a pair of rollers mounted in such a way they rotate in opposite directions and the clearance between them is so adjusted to crush and tear the leaves.

Irrespective of the method, manufacturing of tea involves the following steps:

Withering

Withering refers to the wilting of fresh green tea leaves. The purpose of withering is to reduce the moisture content in the leaves and to allow the flavor compounds to develop. While it can be done outdoors, controlled withering usually takes places indoors. Freshly plucked leaves are laid out in a series of troughs and subjected to hot air forced from underneath the troughs. During the course of withering, the moisture content in the leaf goes down by about 30%, making the leaf look limp and soft enough for rolling. Additionally, the volatile compounds in the leaf, including the level of caffeine and the flavors, begin to intensify. A short wither allows the leaves to retain a greenish

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appearance and grassy flavors while a longer wither darkens the leaf and intensifies the aromatic compounds.

Rolling

It is the process by which the leaf is twisted and the leaf cell walls ruptured to bring the juices to the surface of the leaf. The rolling machines have deep jacket, a pressure cap to apply pressure on the leaf, and the table itself has battens and a cone at the center to twist the leaf. There are also the more modern “Rotorvane” machines, which also give the same twisting and turning effect. This process takes about 20 to 30 minutes.

Thereafter to separate the twisted leaf from the untwisted and to reduce the heat buildup, the rolled leaf is passed over a roll breaker. This machine has meshed which separate rolled leaf. The unrolled is put back into the rollers for further rolling whilst the rolled leaf is fermented.

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Fermentation

Rolled tea materials are either spread in concrete floors or kept in aluminum trays. In the presence of high humidity and proper step decides the quality i.e. strength, colour and briskness of tea. Fermentation requires 1 hour or 2 hours depending upon the environmental conditions.

Drying This step aims at stopping the fermentation process and slowly removing the moisture content without a burnt smell but preserving the inherent quality. This is achieved by passing the fermented tea in thin layers through conveyors into a drier in which the inlet temperature is maintained around 250 – 2800F and outlet temperature is a round 150-2000F. Proper drying takes 30-40 minutes.

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Grading Before grading, the dried tea is removed of the stalky fibres, which affect the quality, by passing through fibre separate machines. The bulk tea is passed through different sized meshes which aid in separation into different grades.

Orthodox grades Mesh size CTC Grades Mesh size Pekoe >8 mesh sieve Flowery Pekoe (FP) >8 mesh Tippy golden 8-12 Pekoe 8-10 Orange pekoe (TGOP) Broken orange 12-16 BOP 10-12 pekoe (BOP) BOP – Fannings 16-18 Pekoe Fannings 12-16 BOP –dust 18-24 BOP – fannings 16-20 Dust – I 25-30 Pekoe dust (PD) 20-30 Dust – II Below 30 Red Dust (RD) 30-40 Super Reddust (SRD) 40-50 Finel dust (PD) 50-60 Superfine dust (SD) Below 60

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Manufacturing Process and Formulations

Detailed Process of Manufacture with Formulation

Selection and preparation of Raw material

List of Raw Material

The major consumables required are as follows; 1. Green Tea Leaves 2. Packaging Bags/ Boxes

Description Tea, Camellia sinensis, is a tree or small shrub in the family Theaceae grown for it leaves which are used to make beverages. The tea plant is branching with alternate elliptical leaves. The leaves are leathery in texture, matte green in color and have serrated edges. The tea plant can take the form of a tree with a bowl-shaped canopy but is usually pruned under cultivation to be smaller and shrub like. The plant produces fragrant white flower singly or in small clusters. Tea tree can reach up to 15 m (49 ft) in height and can live anywhere between 30 and 50 years. The plant originates from China.

Tea Plantation Flowers and fruits Flower

Properties of Green Tea Leaves

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Green tea is one of the least oxidized tea types. It is made from young tea leaves plucked towards the close of the flush or harvest season after the production of white, oolong, and black teas.

Much of the world has become obsessed with this tea because of the supposed benefits of green tea in aiding weight loss and helping prevent cardiovascular diseases and many kinds of cancers, too. However, these benefits are largely presumed and not substantiated by verifiable in vitro studies. But it must also be mentioned that preliminary in vitro studies have established a positive correlation between regular consumption of green tea and good health. Although green tea is an incredibly healthy beverage some may worry about its caffeine content.

Green tea is a healthy beverage that is consumed all over the world for its many benefits. One of the benefits of the green tea extract is its effect on the skin. Whether you use green tea powder or use green tea leaves, it can help reduce inflammation in the skin, which is well known for causing acne.

Prescribed Quality of Raw Materials

The quality of green tea depends first on the use of good tea leaves. The natural quality of the leaf, including color and aroma, must be preserved during the manufacturing process to produce good green tea. It is ideal to control the temperature at 93.2-96.8 ° F (34-36 ° C) during laminating, drying, and storage. Since tea leaves can generate their own heat, cool air is blown into the bottom of the container to keep the leaves at the proper temperature during storage.

Plucking

The harvesting process in the tea industry is known as plucking. It is done by collecting the tender apical shoots that include the terminal bud along with 2/3 adjacent leaves. The picker cuts the tea bud with his thumb and forefinger. This plucking standard is necessary to ensure the quality and flavor of the tea. In some larger gardens, mechanized plucking is done where this standard is difficult to maintain, as machine plucking results in more broken leaves and partial buds. The leaves are transported in

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open trailers from the garden to the factory for manufacture. They are weighed before starting the manufacturing process.

Cooling

To cool the leaves that accumulate heat as a result of stacking, the tea leaves are spread evenly in a gutter or on the ground. A small amount of water is sprayed to cool and refresh the leaves faster.

Roasting or Pan Frying

As soon as the leaves have cooled down and regained freshness, they are put into the toaster machine. The greens are then processed for about 20 minutes in batches in the roaster.

Re-cooling

The hot roasted leaves are spread evenly over the perforated channels to cool. As the cool air supplied by the blower passes through the perforated trays from below, the sheets release heat and cool considerably and are ready for the next operation.

Drying

The drying process has few vital purposes. First it stops both the enzymatic reaction and the oxidation. Second, drying results in a stable product that can be stored for a specified period without noticeable degradation in quality. Last but not least, the drying process of green tea is more important because green tea acquires some desirable characteristics like taste and color during the drying process. Then the toasted leaves are put into the dryer. The charcoal dryer dries most of the roasted leaves to food grade green tea. However, a small portion of the leaves may not dry properly. Sufficient care must be taken to ensure an adequate degree of drying and eliminate any possibility of overcooking the sheets.

Pre-sieving and final sieving

To sort improperly dry leaves that retain some of their moisture content, the tea from the mouth of the dryer is passed through a sieve. As the completely dry leaves are finer in size than the insufficiently dried thick leaves, the fine particles pass through the

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perforation and the spill, that is, the thick leaves without drying are sent for further drying. After drying is complete, the green tea is ready. It is then processed for final classification. The made tea leaves pass through a series of sorting machines that segregate the products according to size. Whole leaves without breaking with the most silver buds and almost no mixed stems are of the best quality. The presence of more buds ensures better quality by adding sweetness and giving the tea the greatest health benefits. The medium grade tea consists of a few broken leaves with mixed stems and fewer white buds. The little ones with all the broken leaves and no buds are of poor quality.

Packaging Material

Tea can be packaged in the following ways-

Foil Stand-up pouches

If you are in the loose leaf tea business, this type of packaging is the best solution for you. The bottom gusset is wide; Allows the bag to stand upright. The aluminium foil allows the installation of a zip-lock, which will keep the tea fresh for longer. Paper Pouches

These do not have the ability to air seal due to paper as a material; therefore, the shelf life of the tea is short, but yes, instant earthy tea with small amounts can use this type. You also see a lot of variety of colors with different sizes. Foil gusseted bags

There may be centre, side, and quad seal bags that have seals down to the corners to provide a better base and are primarily made with matte K seal. They are very popular for storing tea and are available in many color options. Tea Box

It is a company that plucks the best tea leaves and delivers them to consumers within a week. They deal with direct tea users, in fact tea lovers and not with retailers or wholesalers. The packaging design is kept very minimal. The box is brown and soothing

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to the eyes. You will get an unpacking surprise once you open the box, you will find a hint of colourful bags. Corrugated disposable Paper Flask

The jarred tea packaging acts as a boon for today's hectic lifestyle users. One can enjoy a sip of hot, fresh tea at any time by ordering bottled tea. Hygiene maintenance is high in the case of bottled tea, the colours used are very natural green and brown. Here are two components that make tea bottle containers innovative and disposable. ▪ Corrugated box: The box prevents the inner bag of the dispenser from being roughly manipulated and prevents heat dissipation. ▪ Foil Outlet Bag - Three-layer outlet keeps hot liquid hot and cold drink cold for a longer period.

Process Flow Sheet Diagram

Following is the process flow chart of tea making –

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List of Supplier of Agricultural Equipment

Tractors

Action Construction Equipment Ltd

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Mr. TarunSinghal (Area Manager) Address: Plot - 7, 2nd Floor, L.S.C, Pocket-H Market, SaritaVihar, New Delhi - 110076, India Phone: +919206046025 Fax: 91-129-4550000 Mobile: +919206046025 Website: https://www.ace-cranes.com/

Captain Tractors Pvt Ltd Padavla Road, Veraval (Shapar), Taluka : Kotda Sangani, Dist. Rajkot (Gujarat) INDIA. Pincode : 360024. Phone:+91-2827-252547, +91-2827-253916-17 Mobile: +91 9099433133, +91 9099998077, +919726270707 E-mail: [email protected] Website: https://captaintractors.com/

Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd Himesh Trivedi (Sales Coordinator) M&M Gateway Building Apollo Bunder Bhagat Singh Road, Fort, Colaba, Mumbai- 400101, Maharashtra, India Mobile: +91-8048607274 Website: https://www.mahindratractor.com/

Tractors and Farm Equipment Limited Massey Ferguson (Marketing Manager) Chennai H.O. 35, Nungambakkam High Road, pottipati plaza, Chennai-600034, Tamil Nadu, India Mobile: +91-8048722904 Website: https://www.tafe.com/

List of Supplier of Raw Material

Indian Tea Growers Ajay Sharma (Proprietor)

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NH 61, Ward No. VIII, A. M. Road P. O. Amguri, Sibsagar-785680, Assam, India Mobile: +91-8068441027

Kanan Devan Hills KDHP House, Munnar-685612, Idukki District, Kerala, India. Phone: +91-4868 255000, 255999 Email: [email protected] Website: https://www.kdhptea.com/

Assam Company India Limited Assam Company India Limited Nilhat House -11, R. N. Mukherjee Road Kolkata – 700 001 Phone: 91.33.4603 4034 Website: http://assamco.com/

Upendra Tea Plantation Main Road Birpur Birpur, Bihar 855117, India. Phone: 077668839026 Website: https://upendra-tea-plantation.business.site/

M.K Jokai Agri Plantations Private Ltd. ‘Vraj’ M K tea Group, 62/13, Promotesh Barua Sarani, (Formerly Ballygunge circular Road) Kokata 700019, West Bengal, India Email: [email protected] Website: https://mkjokai.com/

Grenera Nutrients Private Limited

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Satheesh Babu A. (Export Sales Manager) 37-B, Puthupalayam, Avalpoondurai Road, Nadarmedu, Erode - 638115, Tamil Nadu, India Phone: +91-8048763225 Website: https://www.moringasuppliers.com/

Varun Tea Enterprise Ketan Jain (Executive Director) No. 4, Gayatri Colony, Near ADC Bank Odhav, Ahmedabad - 382415, Gujarat, India Phone: +91-8048567855 Website: https://www.mastanitea.net/

Solanki Tea Co. Private Limited Hastimal C. Solanki (Managing Director) A-755, TTC Industrial Area, Khairane MIDC, Kopar Khairane Navi Mumbai - 400710, Thane, Maharashtra, India Phone: Us: +91-8046051575 Website: https://www.solankitea.in/

Aayush Food Products Kalaivendan Ramakrishnan (Director) 54-A-1/74, Athipalayam Road, Ganapathy, Near Krishna Rubber Products, Coimbatore-641006, Tamil Nadu, India Mobile: +91-8048556529 Email: [email protected] [email protected] Website: http://www.aayushfoods.in/

Pass Agro Herbal Food Products

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Sudalaimani S (Managing Director)

No. 60-3, Via Rajasyria, 5th Unit, Govinda Agraharam Village Begapalli post, Hosur - 635126, Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu, India Phone: +91-8048415195 Website: https://www.passagroherbal.com/

Prakash Tea Agency Prakash (Partner) No. 39/1, Arcot Srinivaschar Street, Near Chickpet Metro Station, Bengaluru-560053, Karnataka, India Mobile: +91-8048707784 Website: https://prakashteaagency.com/

Shanaz India Trading Company Irfan Khan (Proprietor) Nisha Complex, Second Floor, Cantt Road, Aminabad, Lucknow-226018, Uttar Pradesh, India Mobile: +91-8048993459 Website: https://www.shahnaz.in/

Master Tea Company Sunil Jain (CEO) E-1/235, Sector 11, Rohini, Near Garg Trade Centre, New Delhi-110085, Delhi, India Mobile: +91-8048422032

Him Valley Herbal Firm Vijay Kumar (Owner) H/VI/100/V/1, Jyoti Nagar, Gopal Bhawan Road, Champasari, Near Circuit House, Darjeeling, Darjiling-734003, West Bengal, India Mobile: +91-8048702402

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List of Supplier of Packaging Material

Green Tea Packaging Box

Durrant Packagers (India) Pvt. Ltd. B.M. Gupta (Managing Director) No. 104/C, Sector B, Industrial Estate, Sanwer Road Indore - 452003, Madhya Pradesh, India Phone +91-8048020849 Website https://www.durrant.in/

Asian Paper Products S. M. Aamir (CEO) D-11/7, Site 5, Surajpur Industrial Area, Kasna, Greater Noida, Gautam Budh Nagar-201306, Uttar Pradesh, India Mobile: +91-8042965681 Website: https://www.indiamart.com/asianpaperproducts/

Arihant Graphics Ekta Jain (Director) Shop No. 2, Salasar Kutir Building, 60 Feet Cross Road, Opp. Ganesh Temple, Bhayandar (West), Dist. Thane - 401 101. Mobile: +91-8037431207 Email: [email protected] Website http://www.arihantgraphics.com/

Infinity Incorporation Viraj Patel (Owner)

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Office No. 301, Centre One Complex, Near Wockhardt Hospital, Kalawad Road, Jala Ram Nagar, Rajkot-360001, Gujarat, India Mobile: +91-8048731609 Website https://infinityincorporation.com/

Pink Knots Arushi (Founder) 114, Ground Floor, Masjid Road, Jungpura Jangpura, New Delhi - 110014, Delhi, India Phone: +91-8042903703 Website https://www.pink-knots.com/

Hira Print Solutions Private Limited Ratan Patel (Executive Director) Plot No. A - 313, T.T.C. Industrial Area Mahape, Navi Mumbai - 400710, Thane, Maharashtra, India Phone: +91-8042955046 Website https://www.hiraprint.in/

Gujarat Packaging Industries Kaushal Patel 235, Fortune Gold, Near Murlidhar Weigh Bridge, Kishan Gate Road, Metoda GIDC, Rajkot-360021, Gujarat, India Mobile: +91-8048602266 Website http://www.gujaratpackaging.com/

Firstpack Sunil Agarwal (CEO) Khasra No 741, Gurudwara Road, Siraspur, North West Delhi, Delhi-110042, India Mobile: +91-8037179149 Website http://www.firstpack.com/

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Color Print & Packaging Dharmendra Verma (Owner) Plot No. 164, C Block, Sector 10 Noida, Near Noida Stadium, Gautambudh Nagar, Noida-201301, Uttar Pradesh, India Mobile: +91-8048792801 Website https://www.indiamart.com/color-print-packaging-noida/

Plant Layout

Built Up Area

The total built up area will be 5 Acre for the whole project including Cultivation and Production. Following will be the ideal set for the project-

Land for Factory, Admin & Others 1.00 Acre Factory Building 3000Sqmt Warehouse 1200Sqmt Admin Building 1000Sqmt Generator Room 700Sqmt Staff Quarter 1500Sqmt

Capacity Utilisation: Plant Capacity is around 5600 Kgs annually, from 2nd years onwards, plant utilisation will be ~ 90%

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Following is the Projected Cultivation land and Plant Lay Out-

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Note-5Acre land is taken for set up of the whole project.4 Acre land is used for Tea leaf cultivation and 1 Acre land is used for setup of Factory Building & Plant & Machinery purpose.

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Photographs / Images for Reference

Agriculture Equipment

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Irrigation System

Product Photographs

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Financial Analysis of the Project

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