1937 19 a Copy

The Janua ry e 10 Cents 1937 19 a Copy

AGAINST WA ND FASCISM

THE FIGHT BOOK SHOP

Tn es TO RUN TTS UL ISHKENAZI

‘The Fight Book Shop is a service which has just been initiated for our Picture Books readers. Ie will send you any book, no matter where published, at the zp Brey OF ART YOUNG. With an Invroduetion » opoa pee regular retail price. Your books will be delivered to your door ‘Vanguard promptly, postage + $3.00 prepaid PORT si AND SELF-PORTRAITS. By Georges Schreiber. Tee is Seen ie of doe ingso8!zhiD| ost) igs Otte Conese ts World Affairs cea RULERS OF AMERICA. By Anna Rochester. International Publishers. .$3.50 DAYS OF WRATH. By André Malraux. Random House $1.75 HISTORY OF THE HAYMARKET AFFAIR. By Henry David. Farrar BIG MONEY. By John Dos Pa Hi: Bs $2.50 snd Reet oe y I Cees JEFFERSON IN POWER. By Claude G. Bowers. Houghton Mifflin. a . sD $3.75 A WORLD I NEVER MADE. By James T. Farrell. Vanguard $2.50 JOHN REED. By Granville Hicks. Macmillan fea i THE WAR GOES ON. By sholon Auch, Putnsm $200 INSIDE BUROPE. By John Gunther. Harper sd EDUCATION BEFORE VERDUN. By Amold Zweig. Viking $2.50 UNDER THE AXE OF FASCISM. By Gaetano Salvemini. Viking. .. $3.00 Te aes eee re seq THEJEWS OF GERMANY. By Marvin Lowenthal Longs, Gren$300 { A TIME 70 REMEMBER. By Lane 7s Zeganith, iSO Random e Howe...$200 WORLD pnatAct POLITICS t0 chaos 1918-36. bye By hanes R. Palme Caen Dutt, Done Random House. $2.50 oe CO-OP: A NOVEL OF LIVING TOGETHER. By Upton Sinclair. Farrar SPAIN IN REVOLT. By Harry Gannes and Theodore Repard. Knopf. . .$2.00 and Rinchace $250 HEARST: LORD OF SAN SIMEON. By Oliver Carlson and Emnest CRADLE OF LIFE. By Louis Adamic. Harper 250 IMPERIAL Sutherland HEARSE: Bates. By Viking. eidigad Special paper covered complete edition. .$1.25 STORIES OF THREE DECADES. By Thomas Mann. Knopf. $3.00 Lindberg’ ‘Blaos Pro 42278

Essays and Literature THE FIGHT BOOK SHOP 268 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. ¥. ‘THE PEOPLE, YES. By Carl Sandburg. Harcourt, Brace. $2.50 For the elon + please send, postage prepaid, the following ks WHY KEEP THEM ALIVE? By Paul de Kruif. Harcourt, Brace...... $3.00 THE FLOWERING OF NEW ENGLAND. By Van Wyck Brooks. Dutton . $4.00 ‘THE BIBLE DESIGNED TO BE READ AS LIVING LITERATURE. Name The Old and New Testaments, in the King James Version. Arranged Address and Edited by Ernest Sutherland Bates. Simon and Schuster... .. $3.75

January 1937, FIGHT

With the Readers The Contributors * * f our earliest recollections is of a HARRY F, WARD, head of the Ameri us parent taking a little boy to the can League Against’ War and Fascism Not exactly a pleasant memory, and Chairman of the American Civil Lib- you would say. And we would ordinarily erties Union, has been active in various agree. But in this case it is a pleasant social movements for over three decades. memory. For in the dentist’s office he Mr. Ward is Professor of Christian saw for the first time a publication called Ethics, Union Theological Seminary, and Judge. (Or was it Puck?) ‘one of the founders and Secretary of the ‘Methodist Federation for Social Service. FORGOTTEN was the toothache and He has contributed to The Nation, di the ominous looking man dressed in white, nals of Academy of Political and Social and the fond parent. For the little boy Science, Locomotive Engineers’ Journal, found a picture magazine with funny Christian Century, ete ete, and is the looking people in it, and among the pic- author of In Place of Profit, The Labor tures there were two which held him. Movement, The New Social Order— YEARS later when the litle boy grew Principles and Programs, etc. etc. up somewhat (by that time he had head- The Spanish delegation in America, Isabel de Palens aches), some one gave him a copy of the Luis Sarasola, Marcelino Domingo, and Harry F. GEORGE SELDES—we can never get old Masses. enough of him and we hope some day to make the boy Puck, forget or his Judge, toothache was and able the to convince him of the great contribution Masses was able, to tighten the screws he would make to the cause of peace jn the young man’s head. And there, be- and liberty by taking a page every month ‘ween the pages of that brilliant maga PN den lS) sis Use in Tue Ficut, Mr. Seldes is not only ne, he founda familiar name. ‘The fa great factual journalist but that rare rhame was Art Young. thing, a man who understands the social January, 1937 forces at play. NOW the young man has grown a little REDFERN MASON, who writes the older. And to his desk came the other article on San Francisco, has long been day a book titled The Best of Art Young. vouuste 4 NUMBER 3 a resident of that city and is a writer Books are precious things to that man of many years’ standing. He has con- who went to the dentist when he was a tributed t0 the Atlantic Monthly, etc, little boy. But when books keep piling and is the author of The Song Lore of up on one’s desk they become just a little Undermining Liberty Treland, Musical Cameos, Rebel Ireland less precious. But this book - By George Seldes and The Girl Who Knows How, the last EVERY once in a while—not so often, being a genial satize. on San. Francisco, unfortunately—a man is able to record No Pasaran! Mr. Mason was with the Knights. of the times he is living in. Huckleberry By Marcel dcier WL UstRATED Columbus during the World War and Finn was such a book and Das Kapital later visited seven capitals from Brussels ‘was another. And now comes Art Young The Fascist International . to Rome to investigate the subsidizing with this record which gives us America. By Harry F. Ward 1LUSTRATED BY M. PASS of opera and symphony. jim. You get mad with The Golden Gate City... WILLIAM GROPPER, who made this ery with him. You see little month's inside full paze—it's on Spain— children slaving in mills; you see them By Redfern Mason is now writing a book (we always like standing on a cold bitter night looking the idea of artists writing) which Covici- at the sky and saying, ""Chee, Annie, look Fascist Order Visits Madrid. .... ae ee pails) Friede will publish this year. ‘The book at de stars—thick as bed-bugs!”” Art By William Gropper will, of course, be illustrated and Mr. Young pioneered against Hearst and the ill, of course, be the illustrator. corrupt press long before any of us ever Hitler's War Cry .... ‘ ‘ e215, to tell all and that's say- heard the name Hearst. He makes us ing a mouthful. We predict “trouble.” understand and see war, the fight for By Johannes Steel 1LLUSTRATED BY WILLIAM WESTLEY Democracy and freedom, the trade unions, JOHANNES STEEL, the foreign cor- Sacco and Vanzetti, the workers and A Love Story Seber eee aslG, respondent who writes in this issue on farmers struggle for’a better life. By Ruth Crawford \LUSTRATED BY SAM SWERDLOF Hitler’s war moves, was formerly attached to the German Minister of Eco- LOOK at these drawings, reader, and Shut Up! ...... ci enpets (2h nomics as economic observer abroad. you will understand America better and By Elizabeth Noble why America is inherently opposed to Mr. Steel is now at work on a new Fascism, and why if we don't struggle book to be titled First Papers, which against Fascism we are liable to get it The Americas he aS 22, Farrar and Rinehart will publish this here, too. By Dorothy McConnell 11LUSTRATED BY HARRISON MOORE. spring. DOROTHY McCONNELL is now in LOOK at these drawings, reader, and South America, where she is a delegate laugh with Art Young at the stupidit DEPARTMENTS to the People’s Congress for Peace and and sham in this war-makers! wor an observer at the Inter-American Con- are not the laughs of the Ne 12 Wall Street...... ference. ‘This special article was air- ~ You see they are “sophisticated, mailed before the Conference ended. ng comes out of an apple 14 Building the League Miss McConnell is Secretary of the Wo- in Wisconsin. sssss:18 Youth Notes... men’s Section of the American League FOR some reason or other, we like the and is the author of a number of books idea of an apple barrel in Wisconsin. ‘Oh Say, Can You See?. .31 for children. She has been editor of a And if you know an apple barrel, you church publication. know this book. Here in these pages a rare human being, who is a rare artist, JOSEPH PASS, Editor ELIZABETH NOBLE is the pseudo- saw and felt and thought and put it down Me Fight Assngt War and Fascism, published, monthly by the Navona nym for an American art critic. on paper for you to see and feel and Executive Committee of the American League Against War and Fascism, think, He has given a record of his time 268 Fourth Avenue, New York, N.Y. Chairman, Harry F, Ward RUTH CRAWFORD is a native of Vice-Chairmen, Robert Morss Lovett, Mrs. Vietor L. Berger, Earl Brow- ‘Terre Haute and has contributed to and the things he saw from day to day. get, Max "Hayes, Jacob Micky: Treaures, Willan P. Mangold Scribner's, Today, ete, and has worked Secretarial Staff: Executive, Paul Reid; Administration, ‘THIS book is a promise that the world Education, Robert K. Speer; Publications and Publicity, Franke Clara Bodian; B, Bhi for the United Features Syndicate. Miss will not always be in the hands of the enfield; "Youth, James Leraer; Women, Dorothy McConnell; ‘Trade Crawford is now finishing a novel dunderheads—that the day is not far off Union, Joh Masso; Religious, Rev. Herman F. Reisig. Single Copies, when war and Fascism will be only a 10 cents. Yearly subscription, $1.00. Six-month subscription, $5 cente. HOFF, needless to say, made the cover. memory. And above all else, we see the Canada and Foreign, 310 2 year. Entered ag Second-Class matter, (You can never miss a'Hoft.) We hope great contribution a great artist can make February 20, 1935, at the Post Office at New York, N. ¥., under the act the 1937 kid. does a good job with the to the people of the world. of March 3, 1879 seythe. We rather think he will <> v0 FIGHT, January 1937 Are You Afraid to Face the Truth About Yourself?

HERE are oc sions in the life of every man when he realizes how miserably he has fallen below what others had expected of him and what he had dreamed for himself. The “big” man faces the truth, and does something about it. The “little” man finds an excuse for his failure, and does nothing. What are YOUR answers when you ask yourself questions like these:

Am I not drifting along aimlessly? Is it lack of will, poor memory, What, after all, is my purpose in mental lazinessymind-wandering life? or what? Once I had real ambitions—are Am I too old now ever to do any- they unattainable? thing worth while? Am I trusting too much to chance Am I “licked” by life, am I a to bring me success? “quitter”? What can I do, now, to “find my- What is my greatest weak point? self”? How 750,000 people have “found themselves” through Pelmanism P you are in a “blind alley” of life tr FREE— When such leaders as Lt, Gen. Sir Robert Baden Brope your way out, you should find : ES Powell, Prince Charles of Sweden, Edgar Wallace,

‘once what Pelmanism has already done for “Scientific Mind-Training”’ famous novelist; Frank P. Walsh, and hundreds over 750,000 people. You are advised by some of the most eminent, of others equally famous have praised this simple Pelmanism awakens the unsuspected powers in people in the world to get the story of Pelmanism. method for increasing brain power—can you you. It is a scientific system of mind training; it afford to ignore its possibilities for YOU? takes the well-established principles of psychology, We will be glad to send you, without charge, simplifies them so that they can be understood a book called “Scientific Mind-Training.” ‘This ‘The Kind of People Who by everybody, and arranges them into a really Advocate Pelmanism. tells the complete story of Pelmanism, what it is remarkable system, which is designed to rearouse Is it not clear that there must be something and what it does; it is filled with stories—some and to train cerlain mental faculties, which in most of them almost unbelievable—of people whose of us lie absolutely dormant and atrophied. of great value in Pelmanism When distinguished lives have been completely made over by Pel- You men to and take women it up? like Hundreds the following of other have names advised like these could be added if space allowed: manism. What It Has Done To send for this book involves you in no obliga- a Se tion; nor will you be bothered by sales It Pelmanism originated in Great Britain. M ‘aden-Pjowell, "author and dram u founder of the Boy ati. will be left. to your own judgment whether you bers of the royal family, leading statesmen, di Scout Movement. General O*Moore do not need this ASSISTANCE, almost more tinguished military and naval officers, world- nk P. Walsh, | Creagh, V than anything else in life. Send’ for the book famous authors, artists, actors, editors and former Chairman of CHB, Gi. now, before you forget. publicists, leaders in industry and finance, people ational War Labor — G, ny Board. Ss if for- of the higher distinction in the Empire—became Major General just as enthusiastic Pelmanists as clerks and Frederick Mau The Pelman Institute of America “tommies” and day-laborers. Dept. 5811 North Ave., New Rochelle, N.Y. rice, Director of Sir Harry Lauder, When the moyement spread to America, the Military Observa- “Celebrated come: eset cesarean eee enna tions, Imperial G eral Stal. ‘ian, ‘The Pelman Ini te of America, Dept. 5811, same story was Tepeated—captains of industry Admiral Lord Beres- a North Avent , New Rochelle, N. ¥ and finance, men of affairs, jurists, writers, lead- T want you to sho ing business men, professional people of all types— dy G.CB., GC, what Pelmanism has adopted Pelmanism. as enthusiastically as wag V.0. Sir Arthur Quiller factually done for over 750,000 people, Please send T,P.O°Connor, _ Couch, dramatist the free book, “Scientific. Mind-Training, earners and college students. And now, ove ‘Rather of the House -OFEe, all= his places me under no obligation whatever. 750,000 people in every part of the world, men of Commons.” Fa and women of the highest type of intelligence, H.R. H. Prince A. Gillespie, Vico- Name have adopted and use Pelmanism to help them Charles of Swe- President of’ Cluett “find themselves,” and bring out all their latent den, Peabody & Co, Address. ability City & State

4 January 1937, FIGHT

more and more apparent that in one respect the World War was exactly what many persons said it was, “the war to end wars.” But not in the sense Fight in which they meant it. Not because it was the biggest war, not because it January, killed ten million and wounded another 1937 twenty million and sent an additional ten or twenty million to death from starvation and disease, was it to be the last of all wars, but it may well be that because the wars of the future may not be wars between nations but I see in the near future a ersis in a sense wars between classes. The ing that unnerves me and causes me threat of such a world war is apparent ble for the safety of my country. as this page is written, when Hitler Corporations have been enthroned, an era of corruption in high places will follow, and and Mussolini are aiding the Fascist the money power of the country will endeavor class in Spain. to prolong its reign by working upon the prejudices of the people until the wealth is Requisites of Fascism aggregated in a few hands, and the Republic is destroyed. The final, and the desperate effort of any reactionary régime to preserve BRAHAM LINCOLN wrote the economic-financial status quo can A these phophetic words at a time be called Fascism provided it acts ac- when the industrial-financial cording to the Fascist pattern—and system of the United States was in its that means, that to be Fascist it must early youth, when it was conquering the employ violence, it must use armed West, following the gold rush, when foxce, it must, if necessary, impose itself industrial capital was about to make through armed seizure of power and armed maintenance of power. ‘This has its great march across the continent, but at a time the crisis of 1857 gave been proved true elsewhere; it is the the first warning that all might not go pattern for Fascism in America. The well forever with the economic system mass following is also a sine qua non, which had been established. and so is a radical program by which ‘The industrial revolution, th the disinherited and dispossessed will be

trial age, the economic system as we inveigled into following a dictator— know it today, came into being almost Mussolini, you know, took seven out of immediately with the libertarian move- Karl Marx’s ten fundamental prin- ment which produced uprisings in ciples of the Communist. Manifesto ‘many countries, upset tyrants, .estab- and rewrote them for the Fascist Proc- lished republics and Democracies of @ lamation of March 1919, while Hitler sort. ‘The coincidence persists today. called his party National Socialist and The Bill of Rights of the first hours still promises the socialistic reforms of the American Republic was echoed which most of Germany demands. throughout Europe, and although our And there are other imperative re- Democracy was strongly entrenched in quirements for Fascism such as the the 1830's, Europe went through two dominance of the State, which Ameri- decades of fighting before it calmed cans still reject. But first of all 1 down and devoted itself to manufactur- would place armed force for the pres- ing, world trade, exploration and ex- ervation of the business or money ploitation, empire building, great money system, making. Strange indeed that Lincoln should have foreseen the great crisis Backers of Europe’s Fascism of the 1930's Undermining What if the Banca Commerciale no longer finances Mussolini and dictates The Last War? his actions, or the Lega Industriale ‘As wealth became concentrated in Liberty cannot keep Mussolini from interfer- few hands in many countries and the ing in its factories and the Confeder-

social-economic-libertarian ideas spread azione Generale dell? Industria and the in direct proportion, the conflicts be- Associazione fra Industriali Metallur- tween the nations became more and How does money fit into the gici Meccanici ed Affini feel that the more commercial, until recently it has dictator is forcing taxation and labor been held that all wars are commercial Fascist pattern? Mr. Seldes laws upon them instead of carrying out wars. And when the World War shows its influencein Germany the labor orders they have given him ended in disillusion, when the tyrant up to now? of Russia was overthrown, when the and Ftaly and the part it is Te is a fact that these organizations ibol of commercial imperialism, the ought and paid for the March on Kaiser (but not the system), was de- playing in the U. 8. A. Rome in the expectation that they stroyed in Germany, when kings were would be the power behind a success- tossed aside in several countries, labor ful dictatorship. And Hitler’s backers governments, Socialist governments, were analogous groups: steel, power, By George Seldes and one Communist government estab- coal, banks. There was Krupp von lished in Europe, and years later, sev- Bohlen, next to Zaharoff the greatest eral dictators driven out in backward merchant of death; Fritz Thyssen, the South American countries, it became steel king of Germany; F. C. von Sie- FIGHT, January 1937 5

mens of electricity; Professor Karl ‘The United Press has made a survey discipline, order, will be raised, and son, a retired official of the State De- Bosch of dyes; Dr. A. Voegeler, steel; of the industrial and financial empire promises of share-the-wealth and social partment, showing that big business bankers had financed Theodore A. Dichn, potash; Bochringer, steel; which the members of the Liberty security will be made, and every means and the F von Schroeder, the banker; A. von League direct or control, and places a known to man will be used to obtain Roosevelt, the president who has gone Finck, the banker; F. Reinhart, the money value upon it of $37,000,000,- a mass following for 4 magnificently into history as Teddy the Trust Buster, banker, and other non-and-anti-Fascists 000. ‘The directors of the League are worded program. Although it will the enemy of the corporations as well who risked their money on Fascism affiliated with all the great corpora- fer from Italian Fascism as German isthe opposition parties. Major Dick- when they caw it had a chance to wit tions, including United States Steel, ism differs from the latter, the inson wrote that T. R's campaign was General Motors, Standard Oil, Chase underwritten they would un- What if Thyssen is in South Am controlling forces will be the same National Bank, Goodyear Tire, West derwrite building a railroad from here and on the outs with Hitler, and some ‘These forces do not necessarily want of the other original money men of inghouse, Baltimore and Ohio, Mutual ll war although they are willing, to San Francisco.” Judge Alton Brooks Fascism feel they are not getting their Life Insurance Company, American is history in other countries proves, to Parker, Roosevelt's Democratic oppo- a 1d scores of similar con- nent, had the ammunition to destroy money's worth? The fact is that they ngage in bloodshed as a last extreme made Fascism for their preservation ‘They are usually willing to buy their his rival but either Parker himself had and financial economic gain. ‘The committeemen of the Liberty peace. In the United States, this means been underwritten by a similar if not So also in France, Colonel de la League are directors in the following control of the two big political parties the same group, or the ethics of presi- Rocque’s Croix de Feu is financed by institutions (which are given with their and the corollary, the knifing of any dential campaigning were th geographical analogies —for silk in assets) : and all third parties which might either newspaper ethics which require the sup- scandals involving the Italy and dyes in Germany, we have et popular support or obtain the bal- pression of all M. de Mun of Champagne and the American Tel ance of power. profession, because Judge Parker re- House of Nicolas, wines at any price, $3,078,568 66; Gener facts 674005; Armour & Co. $356,179,450; United In the past, it has been big business fused to use the and most important of all, M. Fran- States Steel Corp, $2,102,896,880; Mutual which paid the bills of both parties; at eis quite possible that Judge Parker cois de Wendel, merchant of death, Life Insurance Co, of New York, $1.13 present, it is still big business but there realized that, should it become known director of the Comité des Forges, of 089.858; E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co, by the group of powerful men who had is a decided leaning towards one of the banks, newspapers, mines, industries, $3605 631,064; Chicago and Northwestern Rail two parties which is closer to Fascism underwritten the Republican campaign and first of the 200 families who own road, $857,751,940. n the other, and in the future we for the corporations that he had ob- and control Franc In the council of the Liberty League see a purely Fascist party—under tained the evidence from Colonel Dan are the following representatives of big American patriotic Liberty-Boys- mont, then he, Judge Parker, American Parallels business in America of:1776 name of Potential would immediately become persona It is always money and power that Pierre $. du Pont, Edward sponsors for this party are the Liberty non grata to the whole financial world, inces Fascism. B, Joy, Alvan Macauley, Grayson M. League and Mr. Hearst. which, alarmed by the disclosures, In America for Francois de Wen- phy, John J. Raskob,” Elihu. Root, would surely annul his chances of get- del and Krupp we could read Gary, Aifred P. Sloan, Jr, E. T. Weie, Joseph E. Financing of Politics ting the presidency. ‘The list of seven, Widener and Hal E. Roach candidate Schwab, Grace, Myron Taylor, E. T. How the corporations finance the however, was furnished the Weir; for the Lega Industriale we If Fascism comes to America, it must Republican and Democratic parties, to: by his close friend, Colonel Lamont. have the Manufacturers Association, have the backing of an organization day, is partly revealed by the publica- As given by Major Dickinson it is: and for the Associazione fra Indus ogous to the American Liberty tion of campaign fund contributions— James Stillman, head of the National triali the National Chamber of Com- League. It must have the inactive sup- partly, since we can never know the City Bank; Judge Elbert H. Gary, merce, ‘The backers of Fascism every- port of the regular military forces and secret financing of politics. Sometimes, H. Harrie where are the industrialists, manufac- the active leadership of an organization of course, there is a scandal, for ex- master of railroad systems; turers, big business men, the bankers. analogous to the American Legion. amples, the Hearst revelations of the Daniel 'G., Reid, railroad manipulator, ‘The financing is always done secret Filling the Requirements Standard Oil Company's buying of founder of American Can; George W

—until the movement succeeds. In senators, or Teapot Dome, or the re- Perkins, partner of J. P. Morgan & America, the one organization which Certain conditions necessary for cent Black Legion investigation, and Co.; Charles F. Brooker, vice-presi- is best adapted for financing a reac- cism exist in America as they did in we get a small view of the vast cor- dent, N. Y., N. H. & H, R.R.; Rob- tionary armed force is the one which Italy and Germany. We seem to have ruption. That the corporations own ert L. Bacon, Morgan partner. has already proclaimed among its prin- everything from economic distress. to both parties has been proven time and ciples the salvation of private profits. red-baiting hysteria to demagoguery, to again. For example, the New York “We Buy Our Presidents” ‘The American Liberty League answers intolerant super-patriotism. ‘The profit World (January 13, 1924), in its I regret that I am unable to give the description of the subsidizers of system is at last fighting in the open. great liberal crusading days, published the names of the persons involved in Hitler and Mussolini As in Italy, the banner of nationalism, the revelations made by Major Dickin- (Continued on page 24)

What would the unknown soldier say to the Fascist plans for a world war?

January 1937, FIGHT.

No Pasaran!

By Marcel Acier

ILLUSTRATED BY WILLIAM SANDERSON

NATION oppressed by 2 feu- made the unpardonable mistake of al- AN dal system of landlords. Ben- lowing themselves to fall back into evolent paternalism at its worst. “They Shall Not Pass!” is the cry of the the position of observers, No European country can count as ‘The reaction didn’t sleep. It was large a percentage of illiterates. Spanish Republic, whipped up savagely by the losses to Perhaps they do not know how to fighting to retain itsdem- its prestige which it suffered at the read or write, but they do know that hands of the Republic. The Jandlord the French Revolution has passed. ocratic form against the Fascist invasion can’t control his slaves any more; the They have grown tired of laboring imperious factory owner has been com- from daylight deep into the night for pelled by law not to allow wages to go from 12 to 20 cents a day. Their bodies below a decent standard of living. This are weary and starved. must have been a great shock to those Spain didn’t escape industrial de- tions of slavery: A state of slavery in lated from the people over a number who were paying wages of from 12 to velopment, little favored that it was by which the slave had no price. ‘There of centuries and representing one-third 20 cents a day. the feudal landowner. were too many of them! of the total national wealth, became ‘The toilers went from the land to At last, one night in 1931, Alfonso tis deplorable that the Church was the property of the state. ‘The govern- implicated in the propaganda campaign the factories. There they learned many of Spain made a hasty exit from the ment charged itself with its mainte- of the reactionaries, which becomes things. They found the union and the country he wasn't able to rule. But nance and protection. It allowed the only too evident after the November desire for better conditions. No, not behind him he left the adherents to his Church to use it unconditionally. State elections. They combined with the better conditions, but the right to live, throne who swore to subdue the peo- property is tax-free, feudal army system in a crusade against to eat their fill. ‘They refused to see ple and to bring back this remnant of In return, the Church agreed not to the “constitutional” heretics. ir children die needlessly any more. the Middle Ages. The people’s spon- dispose of any of the state property. ‘This campaign results in a victory They went back to the farms and sors had triumphed for the present. ‘Church and state separated. Here- for the united reactionaries. ‘The spread mysterious words of freedom Spain was given a constitution. Every tofore, bishop and governor, priest and Azana government is overthrown. The among their brothers on the land, Spaniard got a bill of rights. mayor, had divided the power that was new government, pledged to uphold Freedom! For almost three years the people’s law. They had shared equally in the the Republic's constitution, proceeds to representatives were in power. Com- political control of the country. demolish it in all haste. The people Spain's scholars went to the uni- parative peace reigned in Spain. More Catalonia was given the freedom for soon realize the effect of their political versities of Paris, Munich and Vienna. than 10,000 schools were built all over which she had thirsted so long. disinterest. Spain now goes through a What they learned there, they brought the country. period of incredible waste and corrup- back with them. When they returned, Five thousand libraries brought books November, 1933 tion. ‘The Catalan autonomy, so bit- made bold to begiri the release of to people who were learning to read. ‘The people of Spain had put their terly fought for, is completely wrecked. their beloved country from the condi- All property of the Church, accumu- faith in a Republican government, They (Continued on page 26) FIGHT, Jonuary 1937

The Fascist International

What is the meaning of this alliance between Hitler, Mussolini and Japan? As in our recent election campaign, they raise the cry of Bolshevism. What is behind this international red scare and military alliance? Has the end of legality come?

By Harry F. Ward ILLUSTRATED BY M. PASS

HE FASCIST INTERNA- to cover up and ease off the economic matching the ‘red army” of the Soviets. as your objective, but strike at Demo- | TIONAL has been formed. Its failure of the Fascist states. Japan and Plainly, one objective of two of these offensive has been organized. Its Tealy recognize each other's conquests. Fascist allies is a military attack upon objectives are clear. The details re- Hitler and Mussolini come to an un- the Soviet Union, End of Legality main hidden behind the scenes. But derstanding concerning Austria, and But there is a more immediate goal. ‘The international Fascist offensive the main course of events has developed probably concerning the Danubian ‘Who are Hitler and Mussolini attack- has been forming for some time. It in the open for all the world to see. countries. But what has been arranged ing in Spain? Not Communism, but was organized and brought into_ the At the Nuremberg Congress, follow- about Czechoslovakia? And China? a democratically elected People’s Front open by the struggle in Spain. Last ing the Olympic Games, Hitler called ‘There must be some reality to the per- Government, in which the Communists summer the Manchester Guardian pub- for a world crusade against Bolshevism. sistent rumors about spheres of interest are a small minority. The second lished documents showing that the Shortly thereafter the Pope invited all in the Dutch East Indies and Far article of the Supplementary Protocol military plans for the Spanish revolt Christians to join in a holy war against Eastern waters. of the treaty between Hitler and Japan were made in Germany. ‘The amount anti-Christ. Then pledges them to “take severe measures of military materials and personnel sup- came Mussolini urging the forces of Familiar Strategy against those who at home or abroad plied to the rebels by Italy and Ger- order everywhere to get together in “a ‘The real meaning of these agree- are engaged directly or indirectly in the many has been reported by unbiased decisive conflict to defend civilization ments appears when they are set against service of the Communist International, American correspondents and recog~ against anarchy.” Next Hitler and the actual situation. An international or promote its subversive activities.” nized by our most conservative papers.

Musolini signed an agreement, offen- offensive, with armies, against the Com- Already the German press is charging ‘This record makes the findings of the Czechoslovakia with doing just that. Non-Intervention Committee a tragic sive and defensive. Then a treaty was munist International just doesn’t make announced between Hitler and Japan. sense. The Comintern is not threaten- If Hitler can control that country, he farce. Even its authors have had to Now come the reports of a similar ening anybody. Japan, Germany and has a road from his own borders al- admit that it sanctions a certain amount gagement between Mussolini and Italy need no agreement to exterminate most to the Soviet Union, Under the of aid to the rebels. The joint recogni- Japan. Communism within their own borders claim that they are helping, or may lead tion of Franco by Hitler and Mussolini ‘The proclaimed objective of these They have already driven it under to, Communism, democratic govern- was evidence of the kind of action that engagements is the ending of Com- ground. The Comintern hasn’t any ments are to be destroyed by the tactic can be expected from the Fascist In- i munism. ‘The explanation is that this territory for Hitler to annex. It is the of fomenting and aiding revolts which ternational. It was without precedent means the Communist International, Ukraine, a part of the Soviet Union, has been used in Spain. ‘Thus the in the history of civilized nations. ‘They not the Soviet Union. What is not an- that Hitler has been saying for years world is to be made safe for dictators. recognized a government that had no nounced is the military arrangements is needed by Germany. The Japanese The strategy is familiar enough in this base, no power, and no claim to exist- involved, nor all the agreements con- army doesn’t talk about the Communist country. Tt was used viciously in the ence except its army. This proceeding cerning territory, both of them designed International, but about the necessity of recent election. Announce Communism signifies that for the Fascists the ¢s- tablished ways of civilized nations do not exist. In international relations, as within their own borders, they have ‘made an end of legality. Only force ‘Austria, Hungary, and a couple of insignificant Central American states have joined the company of international bandits in the recognition of Franco. But the Fascist International has a wider scope. It is gathering to itself all the anti-democratic powers, whatever the degree or type of theit dictatorship. They assemble under the anti-Communist banner; “End Com- munism’” is their war cry, but their immediate objective is the destruction of the sight of the people to govern themselves in ways of their own choosing. Their immediate offensive, as the Ger- ‘man press makes clear, is against De- January 1937, FIGHT

1 enna Sr ple's clear has care tone vim, oeratic tries peasant mocracy the Tiance faithful pest—Bolshevism.” Minister

the port curses Moors stroyed blesses Spain People’s lead of

Africa, the is mocracy

of They cratic nounced

to for to Berlin for

‘cause isolation Roman old the the alliance

historic already flict an

posed political tional, from

mocracy ganda, carry International.

secks defend tional, Socialist of

democratic

are future. the ing FIGHT,

organizing. It

a life,

‘The the

free if

attempt government

This what

older that arms, this People’s Front

democratic encirclement lawful denying to the

there score. Americas. that

cannot with

point it

battleground the and a

to control A ‘Then

the governments delegates

those Chief invite

sends to by

a people's

of and

speech. from is

since and Fascist cause Progress

moved down they

Empire. of with Hitler of

it. form. that Government

that

overthrow parties. People’s

international form

This of imperialisms.

world-wide New

International

and Spanish he Fascist

The kill

contending ready Democracy.

Second

party January Communists.

their in

in the

on Agriculture

governments.

It particularly

who be government the

the of a

The must

the Front Rudolph

the was

reactionaries being

1935, that

them their by

the world is of Spanish

a cable France.

international and It

one far way

hungry anywhere Historic power

International localized Police from

‘They It is

This his to

world

presidential

work It

Soviet attack government

of the

Third

Fascist saying,

‘This and

have

reaches Government. Catholics

Fascist It trying do

Communist

is uses

beyond

(Socialist) more ‘The combat

Democracy for Mussolini

constitutional to

principle

uses of

has in 1937 deceived

France is Governments 21

basically

have is

attack away

history. only

are in is in

offensive escape

tried life, Reaction Hess

new Catholics,

scale congratulations

through started nations establishing Mohammedan because

more mobilizing ‘The

control The Pope foreign recently

Union.

been more against

marks Form “We

(Communist) Terre International ‘That

armies. in in

than ordered every to

International is

composed started

The that

sound

everywhere with the

one

the

who

to upon

to Spain, more

forces to

‘This Asia save

candidate tried German a

is have into

than made

trying Church Bolshe-

different than

Interna- do

Interna-

by Spain nation

use world it

it pay against means

area. destroy a world, coun- aspect

is a

Haute

a dem-

of against

propa- Peo-

others auto- told ‘The sup-

right may

some-

have than base but not

force com-

turn- De- the

con- new and

new de-

The al-

ar to

De-

that the in

be- it

an an in

it.

the

vital like is thing

to involves people autocratic, ganizing

offensive economic, national military People’s gathered all

profiteers in deceiving the many

ment that

cess action—to the ing feudal Mussolini

serve have and Governments of that feudal

bile our must

struggle cist ‘on many done

ple’s ment can started the Hitler

ress,

not

‘At the

a power. the the

will Spanish

period, Democracy.

fight steel before conflict

they

vaster

life in

and discovered

governments, world

for forms swiftly

struggle?

in of forward or

of and their the

reaction

taking

and

remnants, religious

the

dictatorship, forces

Spain, life—the

in Government

forces together the struggle

only their

their our

its go is

and

make cultural—join

between

would

against.

textile remove

here

Italy,

beginning

destroy

than

Mussolini they question ‘The

between

Spain. scale. power

rebels between

higher Since

exploiters

forward of destroy

leads

newspaper

the coal

were

local united

readers or

the to no

that Plenty

wars

government

gather

prefer issue

the

magnates, ,

Now, to

offensive between new

backward. democratic

them

now

democratic all

the barons, a to

the to the

In bones Democracy.

and reaction

possiblities. reaction,

all

communities, forces

Democracy. formed of

reaction if crush

democratic People's

so two

against

have of

the

into succeed

the of and of

Fascist

about world

are is

democratic

they of

being whether

People’s

the privilege, again—all the

from in all

owners

the old.

capitalist whether

social about

ways

concrete, our

Hitler to

done our

the

establish the two

against of the

the

are

the

broad, in ,

have in

the forces the

attempted rule. war.

and

capitalist political,

leaders and

that patriotic

Govern-

and and

the Just

automo-

reaction It

develop-

Fascist lawful

end

in to France change

saying

life ideas,

process Spain

grow- inter-

issues

What Front

want How

prog- what is

Ger-

they pro-

long. the the or-

Fas- pre- seat

are

peo- itis

the

re- It

has as It

the

of of is

of a

They see earth ple, government must the choice the

control awakens selves the

chosen, will believers by means

way

attempt Fascism, those today fectly

is ward ernments, the perialism der reality, Democracy?

not power the

states, cratic clear this reality Democracy,

could, cannot bloc,” the

would new tue

right People’s

The

to the the

‘The

people forces

attack for

which principles

a to

of to

Soviet they

for

crush now

constitution.

line-up

understand

is before

to who of in

step cry

clear issue

crusade

where completely. over

the

be Fascist peace

countries against not

its

not the knowing

the

issue

the Not a

buy at to in life.

step,

ways

The of

is were Does of

done? the follow period.

Government because

economic in people act,

clearly

the would

the Democracy of

defense

people

against make their

present Union that the

have reaction

what

“Communism.”

even between all

but and

Democratic

This

it cannot

and Democracy. purposes

the

of Issue

in of

illusions offensive

actual

people

this

concealed.

and

economic

clearly

those

and

they right

the

that

freedom? will

deprived behalf that the

it with the

establish their and

the to people, Democracy.

they end ‘The

time

People’s

Indeed

The mean

needed

democracy have

act

exercise

the the

defense Today

be confuse

Democracy,

attack.

before road perish

to the act who

the of world

defense be

the of war

Fascist

belongs register the

own

formed.

makes

of govern

so-called

united issue together,

decided

economic and

another accordingly put

deceived, by

a is

governments

exercise

“democratic

to the that the

inclusion

The people

Front believe

a they

This slogan

its

must

from

Will

the

they the choosing

of the

put the

cultural

safe a

today

people’s leaders

How

Spanish of

and by them- sharp

line-up Fascist ‘They

lawful

peace

effort same

have issue

down peo-

only

If dem- by vain

gov- time that

per-

take face the

for~ end

the

un-

im-

vir- for by or

the in

its of

is is

it a

of Fascist tween ten. Committee lying

between Great are United be tinually

Fascist that

elements js that ple’s democratic from Hitler

‘Thus, the consciously, this Fascists that

the abroad home. must fully forces

the Unless

can differences course nomic antagonisms, feated—by

strength obligating nouncing have on

surmount prospect in

military

seeking

these England,

‘There

their

recognizing

citadel there

ordinary

be People’s

they

Fascist through have

Front

record to

the the

defeat

states,

it world. Britain

overreached strangulation.

submerged of States.

and

he is

there ‘The

to Fascist, the maneuvering

resist

projected

To the

(Continued

are in can democratic

may before

is loans

are, reactionary

events would revolt.

the

their helped countries

power

this is

of clear

sometimes

between its

governments, democratic and

themselves

other

Mussolini

Defeat the

International Hitler the

by only ways be

discovered As

were strength the financial

Front

Democracy enemy

split or and

own

difficulty, from

It the

Franco alliance or

that Mussolini

they force never

it long

forces democratic

Fascist

elsewhere.

and lead

countries clear

offensive. long

And

three

looks of potentially the on

them. to would

themselves

Non-Intervention

contradictions

countries Fascism

the only England

clear

governments within if

elements for

are From as

unconsciously destroy

of page are

have

money to,

enough

of aid, world line

United

the the

of can

to too ways

and

too there

offensive

arms,

Fascist

the the is on

ready.

when

Soviets.

helping not

can line-up

the would

26) are

But reaction

been democratic of

though the shameful,

a sometimes

soon, lost.

early,

‘They the

disarmed, get

countries

They

the

fact are and and support and

division

making. be

Fascist,

to success-

test_of in

present

in be enemy States

if writ-

which there

gates.

con-

carry Peo-

allies help

plea not,

they

This

not the

the the be-

thus may eco- the

they the

that and

and

the de- do in

an-

at in The great San Francisco-Oakland Bay bridge San Francisco from the air The Golden Gate City By Redfern Mason

MAD city, my masters, but its opera a it has never seen. before. Chinatown has dropped “pidgin” Eng- would-be vigilantes seek to crush labor madness has method in it. Yet all. its romanticism San lish, and the Chinese Y.M.C.A. is the “by force and violence.” ‘That is what you would say Francisco is the most self-complacent pot in which Christ and Confucius brew Leaving the great bridge, that of San Francisco on this night of the city in the United States. Bret Harte the future. stretches out into the darkness like an opening of the great bridge which saddled her with the epithets ‘‘serene” Her founders were the Spanish friars ‘aspiration in metal and stone, we speed crosses the Bay and connects the city and “indifferent” and she has lived up and conquistadores, though she might along Market Street and wind up- with Oakland. to them. Calm in her self-sufficiency, have been English had not Sir Francis wards till we reach the Twin Peaks Alll the carefree romance of the com- she looks forward to the time when, on Drake passed the Golden Gate during which, like benevolent guardians, watch munity, all the glamour of its pictur- her seven hills, like another Rome, she the night. Afterwards came the dis- over the city. Beneath us, an incredible esque history seems to be present will be the metropolis of a civilization covery of gold, and its first effect was checkerboard of light and shadow, tonight, when the automobiles are which, while remaining genuinely to strip the baby settlement almost bare stretches a wilderness of buildings crossing the stupendous structure at the American, will link East and West and of people, for they all set out for the flanked by the wide inland sea of San rate of a hundred a minute. For years bring them into mutual understanding. diggings. But they returned and, in the Francisco Bay, with a dozen sister cities San Francisco has dreamed the dream Serene and Indifferent course of a few years, there grew up beyond, topped with hills, and in the which is now accomplished. Tt seems as a city of many thousands, a strange distance, the massive shape of Diablo, if the whole population were in the Her clippers of the air have reduced mixture of adventurous spirits, who ad~ darting its signal light to mariners far streets, and it is as polyglot a mass of the journey to China from four weeks ministered justice with vigilante vigor out in the Pacific, which lies behind humanity as you will find in Cairo. In- to as many days; the Pacific Ocean has when the officers of the law were in us, austere and sinister. shrunk to the proportions of a lake; Teague with the criminals. Today our ‘Luminous with hundreds of lights, in this improvised pageant, itis that the yonder stretches that patch of the city fathers did not invite the many Orient they call Chinatown, the enigma races that compose our population to which is the Orient cheek by jowl with dress in their characteristic garb. But Prisco is an eager city, with class lines sharply drawn, and the enigma which is the West, each try- the bridge which will span the Golden ing rather pathetically to understand its

Gate is to be opened next May, and the patricians as definitely separated from the workers as neighbor. then perhaps San Francisco will give ‘That mass of drab habitations lying the world such a spectacle of al fresco ever the Helots of ancient Greece were from the aristos Grearily in the distance was once the

10 January 1937, FIGHT

Stroll along Kearney Street, and you will hear “shanties” from the Seven Seas. Joseph Conrad told the writer that the best shanties in the world come from San Francisco, and he used to sing, in a hoarse, deep sea bass, “On the Banks of the Sacramento.” Every nook of laboring class San Francisco has its music. Carry your steps to North Beach and you could hardly throw a stone without hitting Romeo or Juliet. They know their Verdi and their Donizetti by heart and, when society goes to the

‘opera, it looks to the Italian gallery for critical guidance. South of Market is the Greek colony and, from the names ‘on the stores, you would think you

were reading Herodotus When Sarah Bernhardt visited the ‘West she loved to renew her friendship with Jeanne and André Ferrier, two

associates of the Paris Odéon, who today have a bandbox theatre in which they give performances of Moliére and Mascenet. Indeed San Francisco is a mine of the songs of Occident and Orient that has never yet been worked. That excellent musician, Harriet Wilson of the Inter national Institute, who passed away a few months ago, used to play accom- paniments to the singing and dancing of wanderers from the isles of the Pacific, Russians, Czechs, Hindus, Tag- CMTC. students fire a 155 mm. honitzer at Fort Funston, San Francisco alogs and a dozen peoples besides. In a more enlightened civilization she Potrero, the kitchen garden spot of the owners and the rest of our golden aris- few weeks before the Liberty Day par- would have been given the task of Spaniards, California’s real aristocrats. tocracy are, for the most part, only a ade a meeting of the big industrialists recording this music. Now much of it Phe Mission Dolores still remains to generation from shirt sleeves. and financiers was held, and a fund of is lost forever. remind us of the past. Overlooking the cestors were delvers and ditchers; they $800,000 was subscribed for use against How, you may ask, does this amor- bay and the long miles of docks and ran little stores or tended bar; they labor. The word had gone forth that phous mass of quasi patricians, climb- wharves rises Telegraph Hill, crowned “struck it rich” in the goldfields or the unions must be crushed, and the ers, artists, toilers and white collar with an anachronistic tower. From the were fellow workers with the coolies ‘Mooney defense seeks to connect that people harmonize? To tell the truth, top of the hill in old days watchers were when the first transcontinental railroad fund with the framing of Tom Mooney. it doesn’t harmonize. Class distinction fon the lookout for vessels that had was built. That enterprise, by the way, Ti the capitalists could do as much today is sharply drawn and the dividing line rounded the Horn, bringing adventur- was brought to a successful conclusion with Harry Bridges, the genius of the is money. A few old families dream ers from all over the world in search by methods worthy of Wall Street in Maritime Federation, some of them aristocratic dreams, but the number of of the Golden Fleece. When one its most predacious mood. The robber might be inclined to do it. If Bridges believers is limited. San Francisco is a sighted the whole city would turn out barons of its inception, only a few would accept a gift and discreetly di seething cauldron of controversy, some- to welcome the new arrivals. thousand dollars among them, played appear from the scene, he could com- times genial, often acerbitous, usually community against community. They mand his $100,000, and live in com- droll. Only once within living memory Class Lines ran the line near the town which would fort for the rest of his life. But un- has this extraordinary social amalgam From the’ foot of the hill stretches give them the most money. It was a luckily for high finance, Bridges is in- been completely in accord. That was Kearney Street, famous in the annals hold-up carried to the point of genius, corruptible, and all h do for a brief period after the great catas- of Robert Louis Stevenson, who said and so successfully did it work, that is to call him a “Red,” gnash their trophe of 1906, when the city was that there you could find men ready to the men who started with next to teeth, and acknowledge that they have shaken by earthquake and a third of its take part in any deviltry that the per- nothing emerged from the process with met with an opponent worthy of their buildings destroyed by fire. People who verted wit of man could devise. Today millions to their it. Thus was cre- steel took part in that experience speak of it it is drab enough, save for the bulk of ated the tyranny which made the as a time in which the bonhomie of Cali- the Hall of Justice with the bail bonds- ern Pacific a legalized piracy t An International ty fornia was exemplified at its best. Per- imposing tolls of “all that the traffic men almost under its eaves, trembling ‘The longshoremen are the backbone haps Caruso stirred St. Francis to a

lest it should be made to appear that would bear,” grew fat by extortion, of the labor struggle here. To address special benediction, when he sat telling they had a share in the police graft that Not till Hiram Johnson became gov- them is an experience. You are face to his beads in Union Square and vowing is now being brought to light. This ernor and lopped off some of the ten- face with great-thewed vikings of to- that, if he ever got out alive, he would neighborhood elbows the Barbary Coast tacles of this industrial octopus day, men who look you through with never, never come back, a vow which ‘once renowned for its obscenities, but California free to develop normally an ingenuous sincerity. There are eager- he Kept. Rich and poor stood in the now fallen into the contempt even of The Pirates Fight Labor eyed Irishmen, the “lightning spirit of bread line and jollied one another. “Got

the dissolute. the Gael” in their glance, Mexicans nything, Jack?” one millionaire would San Francisco is an eager, sanguine Descendants of these corsairs rule who have freed themselves from peon- ask of his pal. “Not a cent,” was the ccna

community, with class lines sharply an Francisco today, and the Sultan age, Germans, Slavs, Britons, an army answer and both would laugh uproari- drawn, and the patricians as definitely of San Simeon watches from afar with of the sons of toil that no cohort of ously. It was a halcyon moment in a separated from the workers as ever the a calculating eye. The Chamber of millionaires will ever defeat. These are social storm which grows worse as time Helots of ancient Greece were from Commerce and the Industrial Associa- the fellows, if war should come, who rolls on. The spirit of those days was

the aristos. “What America needs. is tion are prepared to use strong-arm will fight ‘for America. As matters magnificent, and it was justified by the

a peasantry,” said one of our magnates, methods to preserve the integri stand they mean to live for America energy which, in the course of a few and the wish is father to the thought. capital. How low men will descend is and, if necessary, to fight for the right years, enabled the citizens to build a Yet these wealthy bankers and ship- well illustrated by the Mooney case. A to do so. (Continued on page 26)

iain FIGHT, January 1937 n

Hollynood’s ear to the ground? .. . MeLaglen as a tin soldier ...Happy New Year

the incident is being used as a driving the American idea, whether it’s an point against similar pictures being enemy outside or inside these borders. made in the future. No studio is will- If that includes the Communists in this ing to risk buying a story or a play country, why, we're organized to fight scene from "Winterset," based on the Sacco and Vanceui case if it has to face indictments by anti- them, too.’ Burgess Meredith end Margo, in Maxwell war and anti-Fascist organizations “However, he said the original pur- ‘Anderson's "Wintersee” The cost would be too great, as Mr. pose of his group was not militaristic ARRYL FRANCIS ZAN- Zanuck found out to his sorrow. What ““Nor is it, primarily, today,’ he the studio that came to grief some D UCK has abandoned plans to he lost when he gave up the idea of added. ‘It's no more militaristic in months ago with Sinclair Lewis’ It film The Siege of the Alcazar. producing the film has not been re- tent than any fraternal organizatio Can't Happen Here, and it is obvious vealed, but it must have been consider- “The Light Horse was organized Victor McLaglen’s films are being that it would take no second chance threatened with a boycott because of able. With that example before them, three Mr. McLaglen, its on such material unless the way had his militaristic, Fascist “Light Horse the word has gone out to producers to commander-in-chief, said the nucleus of been cleared first. Maybe it's not too lay off the group was a number of Scotch, “Troops.” And the mighty Metro- much to hope that the Hays office is Goldwyn-Mayer studios are about to MeLaglen’s plight was disclosed in Trish and English war veterans who also awakening to the force of public bring Robert Sherwood’s Idiot's De- the Motion Picture Herald, another had become American citizens and were opinion. ‘The day of miracles has not light into the movies, no matter what film trade publication, According to singin’ the praises of their adopted yet passed. the Hays office says. It really looks that distinguished organ, a strongly country. There were many notable releases like a Happy New Year. worded ‘protest was sent to the Hays “Several days ago the air force unit from the Hollywood studios during the Maybe we're wrong about such signs, office by the Allied Theaters of Con- was organized to become a part of the past month. ‘Topping them all was but things like these indicate that there necticut, an organization of exhibitors troops. RKO's Winterset, transcribed to the are vast forces at work in Hollywood, in New England. And the Hays office “Branches have been formed in Long screen from Maxwell Anderson's poetic forces that the producers are just be- with its customary obtu replied Beach and San Diego, with a private drama. With Burgess Meredith once ginning to see. That they have been that the matter was not in its jurisdic- field in San Diego. This branch of the again as Mio, with Margo as Miri-

blind in the past to the growing an- tion, and that the Allied Theaters of troop has 50 privately owned planes at amne, and with Eduardo Ciannelli as tagonism to war pictures nobody can Connecticut would have to take up the its disposal and 120 men enlisted. It the horrible Trock, it emerged as a pro- deny. ‘That they are at last awake subject with Mr. McLaglen himself. is under the command of Captain Wil- foundly stirring motion picture, with ing to the dangers of further exhibi- “Allied petitioned Mr. Hays,” said liam Gage, a World War flier, aided Anderson’s flaming cry for truth and tion of such films is a matter for felici the Motion Picture Herald, ‘that its by Captain Grant Stone and Major justice retained intact. Tt is undoubt- tation, congratulation and general members also felt that Mr. McLagler George Sprade, the actor said. edly one of the finest films of the year. whoop-de-doo. There is something es- regiment might fulminate class and “The sole purpose is to keep regular Alexander Korda and Charles Laug! sentially right in a world that can make race prejudice, and that it was unfair aviators in training and encourage the ton brought in Rembrandt from Lon- Hollywood do its bidding in such to exhibitors and to motion picture fans enlistment of young men interested in don, another addition to the Laughton fashion. for McLaglen to exploit the popularity aviation,’ Mr. MeLaglen explained. ‘In gallery of historical portraits, and quite ‘There are even further signs that of his name, for which, Allied said, both time of war, or any emergency, we can ly the best the English actor has the film industry is alive to the force exhibitors and the public were respon- be counted upon as a government uni ever done. ‘The 20th Century-Fox of public opinion. In the November sible. Mr. Hays was urged to prevail “The whole group, he said, is sel studios contributed Lloyds of London, 25th issue of Variety, theatre and film upon the actor to dissociate himself supporting and non-profit. a melodramatic, highly colored tale of trade publication, there is a notice that from the group. “We're not financed by any secret the insurance firm, laid in a background both Metro and Paramount are seek- tor McLaglen, now 50, son of Fascists,’ Mr. McLaglen laughed. ‘We of Napoleonic wars and victories at pay our way by $l-amonth dues and ing the support of anti-Fascist and shop of Clermont, in South Trafalgar; Elisabeth Bergner came anti-war organizations for two forth- Africa, is working for Radio Pictures, the sports events we stage.” across with her Teutonic accent as coming productions, They Gave Him in “The Coast Patrol,” in Hollywood, ‘The M-G-M production of Idiot's Rosalind in ds You Like It, causing @ Gun, and The Last Train from where he only recently finished “The Delight seems to be assured. This was many critics to revoke their estimates ‘Madrid, on the ground that the former Magnificent Brute,” for Universal. of her as one of the world’s great picture is an indictment of war, and His performance in “The Informer” actresses; Johnny Weissmuller came that the latter will be handled strictly for RKO last year won the highest back as Tarzan and Mae West came from a melodramatic standpoint, “with actor award of the Academy of Motion THE FIGHT RECOMMENDS: back as Mae West but more so; The no coloring one way or another.” It Picture Arts and Sciences. . . . Wincerset—A transcription of Maxwell Garden of Allah brought technicolor is perhaps not enough that Paramount “The actor, who has been described Anderton's stage play, burning with a and soul suffering further along the remains neutral with The Last Train cry for truth and justice, and standing as the hard-boiled soldier of the fil way, with Marlene Dietrich and from Madrid—there can be no neutral- and a burly actor who scorns machine 8 one of the finest films of the year Charles Boyer as the sufferers; and the Rembrande—Charles Laughton adding an- ity in matters like Democracy—but that gun tripods and holds the heavy other distinguished portrait to his already Callandar Cuties, Yvonne, Marie, Cé- the studio is not glorifying the business weapons himself as he mows down his notable gallery of historical characters, cile, Emilie and Annette Dionne, made of slaughter is a hopeful sign. screen enemies, had this to say to As- Rewnion—A warm, genial account of a their second appearance in Reunion. ‘The abandonment of The Siege of sociated Press concerning his Light set-together in Canada, With Jean Her- Truly a notable month for the the Aleazar by Zanuck and his 20th Horse Troops: sholt once again as the Country Doctor, movies. Or maybe its just that we're and the Dionne Quintuplets again as

Century-Fox studios is stale news by ‘ re organized to fight. We themselves, getting soft. now, but it retains importance in that consider an enemy anything opposed to —Roseer SHaw

January 1937, FIGHT

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RELIMINARY battles of th power. China is building a 35-kilowatt next world war are being fought station at Nanking in order to express not only on the plains surround- her opinion of Japan. Robert Jardillier, ing Madrid and the steppes of Mon- French Minister of Communications, golia but also on radio's short wave recently announced that his country bands. soon was yoing to construct stations Leading contenders in this uncom- Nadic powerful enough to shout down the promising struggle between political Germans. Norway, Bulgaria, Yugo- propagandists are Great Britain, Ger- slavia, Austria, Czechoslovakia and many, Soviet Russia and the United Italy each are trying to get their mes- States in about the order named, But Battle of high - frequency bally- sages across a heaving sea of interfer- as the result of opportunities afforded ence. Madrid also is doing its best to the U. S. by the Inter-American Peace hoo . . . Imperialists tighten grip present the position of the Spanish Conference at Buenos Aires, jt seems on radio... “Friendly” investigation government in the present war, but in certain that this nation soon will move recent weeks has been constantly up. jumbled by the waves of Fascist Radio While the big imperialists increase Seville. the number of their stations and their The government has spent $3,000,- much more honest. There is less high ‘Two other contenders in this battle power and lengthen the hours of for- 000 for such Empire broadcasts during pressure salesmanship and more accent of the airwaves must not be ignored.

ign broadcasting almost every month, the past three years, despite the howls ‘on cultural values. ‘They are the Vatican Station at Rome, the smaller powers, and even such of the taxpayers. At Daventry head- ‘The Inter-American Conference official mouthpiece of the Catholic quarters it has short wave equipment agencies as the Catholic and Mormon offered a golden opportunity for the Church, and KSL, Salt Lake City, churches, conduct guerilla warfare valued at $1,250,000 and consisting of United States to build up its own which acts in a similar capacity for with inferior equipment and dream of six transmitters with 22 directional “Empire broadcasts” and the networks, Mormons. super-power stations with which to aerials capable of reaching all parts of which like to please the government, spread their messages to all parts of the earth at any hour of the day or were quick to respond. Air Notes the world. night. NBC sent John F. Royal, its pro-

This battle of high-frequency bally- ‘A great deal of drivel goes over the gram chief, to make an 18,000-mile OAKE CARTER is being pick- hoo wherein each nation tries to glorify BBC short wave mikes due to the mass tour of South and Central America. ted by striking seamen because of itself and, if possible, put its enemies in of program material required, but the During this trip, which of course is to the commentator’s recent bitter attacks a bad light is the only outstanding average quality is fairly high and the include Buenos Aires, Royal will ar- upon members of the American Radio radio development of 1936. The whole propaganda is well disguised. It is range for the regular exchange of pro- Telegraphists’ Association. Boake has thing started years ago, of course, but interesting to note that the American grams between the U. S. and every repeatedly charged that the brass its growth during the last twelve networks pick up ten of these Empire- important Latin American country. In pounders are responsible for “rad months has been matched only by the building programs for rebroadcasting, order to aid this country in competing izing” other categories of seamen be- steadily increasing threat of war. to one American program picked up with European short wave broadcasts, cause they pick up news broadcasts ‘There were several minor improve- about strikes, violations of civil liber- by BBC. NBC has offered the facilities of its ments in broadcasting during the same ‘The British also are tightening their stations at Bound Brook, N. J., Pitts- ties and the excesses of Fascism and period. The big electrical companies grip on radio facilities of their colonies burgh, Schenectady and Montauk post them on their ships’ bulletin practically had to sit on the head of During the year, South Afr Point, N.Y. boards. He even asked his listeners to few Zealand networks were placed help him devise ways of preventing television to keep it from being per- CBS, not to be caught napping, fected. Further steps were _ taken under government control. hired J. Mundin Schaffter (Jorge such actions. Yet when pickets took up toward the elimination of too-offensive The German stations use a lot less Leal), Argentine commentator, to in- their positions before his office in sta- advertising on the networks—but not finesse than do those of England. They texpret developments at Buenos Aires tion WCAU, Philadelphia, Carter fon independent stations. Community have developed the “blast-out” tech- for a hitherto non-existent Latin Amer- professed himself surprised, then tried to cook up a story that his life had been singing and variations of the Good nique to a fine art and use so much ican audience Will Court idea were used to induce power—80 kilowatts in some instances OF course the United States doesn’t threatened by the strikers the radio audience to entertain itself at —that propaganda «in English, forget to carry its “good will messages” no cost to the advertisers. New types French, Spanish and Russian can over- to the Orient, where Wall Street in- Rumors are going the rounds that a of directional microphones were intro- ide anything else coming over the air. vestments also are heavy. KFI, Los “friendly” invest duced. But overshadowing all of these The latest German stunt was cutting ‘Communications Commission will start Angeles, is teaching its announcers things, were the efforts of the big into the wavelength of the Moscow Japanese, German, Spanish, Italian, soon down in Washington. It seems the nations to pump more and more poli- station broadcasting Stalin’s speech on French and Russian. A huge short boys have been somewhat high-handed tical propaganda into the ether. the new Soviet constitution, and garb- wave station is planned for Manila. in awarding or revoking station ‘As has been the case for several ling it so no foreign listener could un- And Viola Smith, American Trade licenses, passing hampering regulations, te, etc. This has resulted in a storm years, the government-owned British derstand a word of what was said. Broadcasting Corp. led the rest of the Goebbels’ ablest publicity writers work the construction of directional stations of protests, among them one from world in the volume of international on the German short wave programs which could contact China “and offset Mayor LaGuardia of New York. The programs. During 18 hours of every and, it must be said, do a very clever propaganda programs from France, latter accused FCC of forcing broad- day, British subjects and all other DX- job of making black look white. Germany, Holland and Great Brit- casters to lease wires from the telephone monopoly at times when they ers who understand English were told Programs from Radio Center at about the jolly fine old Empire. Now Moscow and the many other Soviet could have saved much money. by Other nations are waking up to the using unoccupied short wave bands. plans have been completed to boost the high frequency stations do not have the fact that they must use the air if they schedule to 22 hours daily in 1937. flashiness of the Nazi stuff but sound intend to continue the struggle for —Groror Scorr

Qe Ce sul | January 1937, FIGHT

HE MOST paramount inter- speaking, the German | national development during the policy was so constructed as to ex- year 1936 was that Germany Hitler's plode the French system of alliances unmistakably and quite openly emerged which was built up during the past as the spearhead of the Fascist war decade, as exemplified by the Little coalition consisting of Italy, Japan and Entente. ‘The Little Entente, whose Germany. War Cry principal members were Poland,

Ostensibly, these three powers have Czechoslovakia, Roumania and Yugo- banded themselves together in a com- slavia, today exists only in name, as mon fight against what they call the Germany was able to create pressure avalanche of Communism. Obviously, The Nazi dictator would like to annex the world. groups, within those countries, that are this avowed policy on the part of pressing for a pro-Nazi orientation of Germany, Italy and Japan hails first His idea of peace is an all German Europe their respective foreign policies. In of all from nothing less than the de- practice this worked out more or less termination of these powers to carve as the Roumanian example, namely that up the Soviet Union for their own Germany, through the agency of the economic benefit. But beyond the fact By Johannes Steel Minister’ of Propaganda, supported that the Soviet Union is hoped to be Nazi and Fascist organizations in those the principal victim of this policy of ILLUSTRATED BY WILLIAM WESTLEY countries, which eventually began to aggression, there is another and even exercise the dominating influence upon more sweeping policy that has been the governments of those countries dur- 4 inaugurated by the spearhead of the ing the latter half of 1936. This policy Fascist drive, Germany. It is quite is a very deliberate one. The real rul- true that Hitler is anxious to conquer ers of Germany today, such as Dr.

the Ukraine in order to steal the food Schacht, believe in what they call the that he cannot provide peacefully for principle of “continental” expansion in the German people, but his deeper contradistinction to imperial expansion, policy is not confined to that. that isto say the acquisition of colonies. ‘They contend that expansion on the Requirements of Autarchy European continent will increase Ger- Germany today is organized as an ‘many's power and that the creation of economic unit that is based upon the a German Mittel-Europa will make principle of autarchy. ‘This means that Germany more powerful than will the Germany is supposed to be dependent acquisition of over-sea colonies. for all consumer goods such as vital Under the cover of the anti-Commu- raat Versad do Gieten eager ra ice rete foodstuffs and clothing upon its. internal production, that imports of these Central Europe is becoming more ag- goods are curtailed to the minimum or gressive with every week. Rome, Ber- abolished entirely, and that exports Jin and Budapest have agreed upon a are unnecessary. This policy is based division of spheres of influence in upon the idea that Germany can create Central Europe, Budapest, which any- within Europe a self-contained eco- how had been in the revisionist camps

nomic unit that is perfectly balanced. since 1920, was only too eager to join In order to do so, however, Germany in this combination. In practice, this has to counterbalance the over-indus- means that Italy and Hungary have trialized centers oa the Rhine and agreed to support each other in their Ruhr by the acquisition of grain pro- territorial claims upon Yugoslavia, ducing regions, since the grain of East while Germany has been given a free and West Prussia and Pomerania is not hand in Czechoslovakia and Austria sufficient to take care of the capacity Roumania, when the climax comes, for consumption. German foreign pol- expected to assist both Italy and Ger- icy, during 1936, has been directed, many in the partition of Yugoslavia therefore, upon penetration of Central and Czechoslovakia. The latter, of and Southeastern Europe. This pene- course, is strategically in a very pre- tration has been pursued with the usual carious position. This is so because she ruthless Nazi methods in violation of is, de facto, enclosed in a German-Aus- all diplomatic niceties. trian - Hungarian -Roumanian Fascist vise that is formidable. The main Threat to Little Entente counterpoise to this combination, of course, is that which is left of the Little The first victim of this policy was Entente, which consists now, presum- Roumania. For the past three years, ably, of Poland, Czechoslovakia and the German Minister of Propaganda Yugoslavia. Poland again in this com- has poured great sums of money into bination is unreliable because she will the coffers of the Roumanian Fascists. at the last minute go to the highest ‘The Nazi agents in Roumania went so bidder.

far as to poison the Roumanian foreign minister, Titulescu, who for the past decade had dominated the Roumanian Britain, Balkans and Baltic forcign policy and kept it in the French In Poland, today, two points of view orbit. After Titulescu had been poi- fight for dominance as far as foreign soned, a Fascist government came to policy is concerned. ‘The view of the powers which, of course, immediately Polish industrialists and capitalists, effected a coordination of aims with naturally, is not to enter into any com- Germany as far as the Roumanian bination that might be pro-Russian, foreign policy was concerned. (Continued on page 25) FIGHT, January 1937 15

OW HERE she was, of all back to hear it after fifteen years. hot She was standing by this very stove Love the big black iron kettle, at that night fifteen years ago, only the five o'clock in the afternoon. She and fire in it was low because it was late her mother had decided when they came at night and they always had to be home from the meeting that they had saving on coal. Times were hard the “Mary, I ain’t goin’ better put the berries on if they wanted too, she remembered. The mill wi tosave them. By morning there would cutting wages and laying off men. Jim left Mary and th be too much going on for any one to ‘They were lucky her father hadn't go ten his walking papers, old as he was want to stay in the kitchen. “We may need them berries,” her even then, but with a young man like world has changed i mother said, “before this winter's over. Jim, a good worker, fighting the boss, T never thought I'd be bakin’ bread throwing up his job and walking out. years and on the e again, but I am. Cheaper lots.” She Well, he must have had good cause, she ‘thumped the good brown loaves cooling had said when she heard about it. He strike Jim and Me must have been driven to it, to throw bottomside up on the bread board. _ “There's lots of things we never up a job just when they planned to thought of, the way things been happening around here,” Mary answered. But that night, as she stood by the By Ruth C: She raised the spoon and let the juice stove... “Mary, I ain't goin’ to drip back from it into the pan. She marry you” . . . she could bring her- was thinking of all the things that had self to say the words now. “I ain’t ILLUSTRATED By § happened and yet at the same time she goin’ to marry you nor no other wo- ‘was noticing how beautiful blackberry man in this world, I ain't.” He looked juice was. Everything she thought at her steadily when he said that and about, everything that happened was so then he turned away. “I'm gettin’ clear, as if she had never heard about outta here.” it or seen it before in all her life, at “Why, why. . .” Teast not just that way. Blackberry “Only thing. I'm sorry ‘bout what juice so very beautiful, the odor of new I done to you, but I figure it out I'd baked bread still fragrant in the kit- be sorrier if I stuck around and got you chen, the shadow of the back yard tree in any deeper. The trouble is we just get caught up like this, wanting what's moving over the linoleum, things like these, every-day things a person has natural to want, thinking things are seen or smelt over and over} yet now, goin’ to be different for us. Then we'd they were like new. get caught up like your old man and Even the people you knew, or had my old man and first thing we know known all your life, when they talked we'd have a bunch of kids on our now you listened and heard every word, hands like they got. What I wanna ound to them in a close way that made make clear to you t ain't for me you know what they were feeling. T'm afraid. I ain't afraid. Iv’s just With neighbors it was like knowing that I ain’t goin’ to be responsible for what they were like for the first time, no more of this damned trouble. I like Mrs. Godwin, quiet little Mrs. ain’t goin’ to bring no more kids into Godwin, getting up and making a the world to go through like we gotta , saying they'd stay out ti go through.” stmas and then some, but they “But Jim, you said. - / wouldn't have to, because, by God, “Lknow. I said a lot of things ‘cause they were all going to stick together I'm crazy about you. You know old woman got into. You be a type- “Yes. A twenty-m now. Alll the people! damned well I am. The way I feel writer .. and. . me, I'm gettin’ out. keep him when it’s his turn.” All the people. As she stirred the about you, well, the thing I'm glad So he had gone fifteen years ago. At By and by, dad came round to the blackberries again Mary said the won- about now is that I didn’t give in to first, that is, the first few weeks, she house. derful words over and over. All the my feelings like some times I been listened for his step on the board walk. Mary never remembered seeing him people, that was the secret of this that tempted to when I been with you ‘Then she heard he had gone to Detroit, this way before. He was young-like, was happening. All the people, all You're a good girl and I'm leavin’ you then to Chicago, and then that he was excited. good. You can finish up that school firing on the railroad. ‘There was a “The unions all voted to come out together . . . like a mighty ar-r-rmy ‘moves the church of God . . . only it business of yours and be a typewriter post card from him and that was all with us. Looks like we're goin’ to win wasn’t the church of God. It was just and work in an office and marry . . .” He was making the break clean. now, Mom. All the unions. Tonight. all the people acting on their own, tak- “But, Jim!” Today he was back in town and she ‘They're goin’ to deliver bread and mi «

things into their own hands, tell- “A. pretty girl like you's good could listen for his steps again. Surely and ice now, so's everybody kin come ing the high muckety-mucks where they enough for the best of them. You been he'd come tonight. She had so much cout at midnight. We've give the mayor were to get off. It's our turn now, for ‘good to me. It ain’t that I don't know to tell him. Now, though, there was his last chance to talk turkey, his last 3 a litele while, Our turn. All the you care. That's part of it. You're the immediate need of straining the chance to get them thugs out of that people. the kind that'd stick, and I know it, blackberries while her mother fixed mill, Midnight.” and that’s why I’m not goin’ to let She stirred rapidly, humming about the supper. ‘There was a grave silence. the mighty army, but thinking about you get into this no more than I'm ‘Dad ought to be home soon, and “Yessir, midnight. The fellows at what was happening, how right things goin’ to let myself. You can marry hi I be worn out.” the power house, we finally got ’em in were coming out after all, for every- yourself one of them white collar fel- “Yes,” Mary said. “He's had_no though their secretary ain't so hot for body. Even for herself, for Jim was lows and have yourself a family . good rest on account of the meeting, this. But at midnight they're to throw back, she’d heard, and it could not be He stopped pacing the floor and And picketing all night like he did.” the switch and that’s the signal, All that his coming had nothing to do with stood in front of her “He says he’s going back tonight, the lights will go out. And all the her need. Now she knew the answer, “Me, Mary, I'm lightin’ out. See. too, but I say, let the young ones do uunions—we'll show ’em.” now that she knew what she should I want you to forget about me. I ain't that...” “Well, eat your supper now.” worth it. I'd just get you into trouble “But you oughtn’t to say that to him, But none of them could eat. After have told him, the night he left her, it was impossible that he would not come Tike your old woman got into and my Mom. He wants so to go.” the chairs were put back, the old man 16 January 1937, FIGHT

What the union man said was the ‘Jim Davis," crazy-like, but 1 knew. answer. She knew it. Tf Jim came and Fifteen years now . . . that place . . « ve Story they got talking, she'd tell him, only what it done to me—and to you, Mary, « it seemed so long that she herself "cause it's on ‘count of it we didn't had gone without the answer. There hitch up like we'd ought to have done. were times, yes, many times, when she But now... 't goin’ to marry you.” thought of what ne said and agreed “Mary, [hear things ain’t been goin’ with him, There was that day when so well with you.” y and themill town. The just to have something to do she a “No, it seems jobs are scarcer than swered the housework ads, she, who, as hens’ teeth.” anged in the last seven Jim said, had learned to be a type- “Funny,” he said slowly. “You got writer, yes, and made a living at it for to be a typewriter, too, didn't you? n the eve of a general ten years, She, Mary, answering house- And yet you ain't no better off. T used work ads because she couldn't sit home to think it was because we wasn’t edu- ind Mary meet again any longer and let a seventy-year-old cated that things was so hard, but man make a living for her. Lord, here's you, and the bums on the Four dollars a week to do the work trains . . . Mary, some of them’s been and take care of the children. ‘Three to college. You can tell, the way they ith Crawford dollars and fifty cents—but of course, talk. And no better off . . . Damn it there is no laundry—such unashamed all, Mary.” offers from women whose names got ‘And now was the time for her to tell DB Y SAM SWERDLOFF in the society columns. him what she knew, but she couldn't “TL starve first,” she said, as she find the words. She only listened. walked home, the tears blinding her, “Well, one thing, I ain't so God thinking of Jim who had left her to damned dumb like I used to be. I see “Jim, T wouldn't have minded if lots of things now, and I listen. Them we'd been together,” saying that over Reds, they ain't so bad, Mary. ‘They and over, all the time thinking, but he got some good ideas. When we all get was right: poor people like us, we ain't wised up to what's goin’ on. . .” got no right to bring kids into the “Yes, that’s it, Jim. That's what world. the speaker said, today. All the people! But they did have the right, that Tonight . . .” she knew now. It was like the speak- “Yeh, tonight. I'd trade ten years ers said, the whole country belonged ‘of my life for tonight, them damned to people who worked, and when they mill rats. They got it comin’ to them.” got wise to their strength, and stood “Dad goes over every night, Jim. together, all the people, then they'd get Did you hear about him leading the what was coming to them. parade of the strikers because he was ‘And now, when Jim came, she would the oldest employee? Fifty-two years

tell him—but what if he were married? over there, Jim. I wished you'd a seen He wouldn’t be, she told herself. him. That's the best he's ever been. ‘That wasn’t just an excuse he used You should have seen him.” when he left her. He was strong that Jim laughed softly and reached for way, once he made up his mind. But her hand. “And your old woman, she what if he didn't come? .. . it was all right too?” getting late. “Yes.” “We'll take them to Chi with us E DID. She knew him when he when this is over, if you want.” sat on the back porch and smoked his side and sit there a while longer. turned the corner, silhouetted pipe while the women cleared the table “Well, wake us if anything happens. against the street light. She knew the we can get us a little place and washed the dishes, speaking little. You gonna stay up long?” lanky build, and the way he bent his there and I guess welll get along some- General strike, that’s what this was “Till the lights go out, Mom. I left knee with every step, a funny walk how, that is,—well, hell, you can’t be called. There's never been a day like want to see the lights go out.” She stood as he came toward her. much worse off, can you?” He laughed this since the time of the Armistice. So “Well, I'd better be turning in. “Hello, Mary. foolishly as he drew her to him. many people all doing the same thing, Dad, you come on in, Things'll get “Hello, Jim. Still he didn’t turn his face to hers. Mary thought. along without you for a few hours.” She could scarcely see his face and Instead, he looked straight ahead into ‘After awhile they went out front Mary heard them go upstairs and suddenly, she was glad he couldn't see the night and talked on. and sat on the steps. Even here, there was glad, for now she was alone. If hers. Fifteen years, why she was only “Yes sir, I sure got a grudge against was excitement as men went by, Jim came by now, they could just talk a kid the last time he saw her. Maybe that mill. I been nursin’ it along all ~ stopped at every house to tell that there and she could tell him all the things she he still had the same idea of her. He these years, and now, by God, I'm was still no word from the mayor. knew now, all the answers she had for wouldn’t have noticed the change much stickin’ round until it’s paid off. Me They think we're bluffing, the men him. Tt wasn’t the way he said it was if they had been together, she thought and it’s got a score to settle.” said, but by God they asked for this about poor people, because things were in the first silence as he sat on the steps “Me, too, Jim. For dad, mom, me, beside her. But as he talked, slowly at and they're going to get it. There was going to be different. People weren't you werybody. All the people!”

a big crowd around the mill, couple going to be kept down. Like the union first, then quickly as if he had much “Yeh, if only they'll stick together.”

thousand, they guessed. Mary and her speaker said, they were through asking, to say, she lost her fear in the import “Bue they will.” they were going to demand, and with of the things he was saying. mother thought about going over there “Can't never be too sure, honey. I to see, but decided not to. Her mother all the people standing together, noth- “How'd [ get here?” he answered seen 'em. When they get hungry...” said she'd better be getting dad off to ing could stop them. her. “Well, a fellow on the run pulled “But the commissary.” bed if he was to be at the mill at mid- “And we ain’t Bolsheviks either. into Chi and said there was goin’ to “Yeh, I know, but it ain't goin’ to night. Mary did not give her reason, We're just demanding what's ours. A be trouble here and, when I heard what be so easy. First time you ever been in She could not say that she wanted to be right to make a living like men and it was about, I took the next freight a strike, ain't it? Yes. It ain't so

here when Jim came. When her take care of our women and ibring up out. By God, Mary, chains couldn’t easy, baby. Wait till they bring the mother went in the house, she simply our children like ought to be done in a have Kept me. When I heard it was tin soldiers in.” said that she thought she'd stay out- rich country like America.” that mill, T said, ‘Jim Davis,’ just, (Continued on page 29) FIGHT, January 1937 7

T shall not die without a hope that Ii ‘Thunder on! Stride Democracy, and liberty Strike with vengeful strokes Becks Walt Whitman

A Progressive Neighbor The Cultural Missions, and other agencies that missionary Behind the Front Lines cils of war, of the conversation of sol- ‘MBxIco: A REVOLUTION BY EDUCA- unctions, represent both’ the most advanced Brrrer Victory, by Louis Guilloux; diers; but the sound of their marching TION, by George I. Sanchez; 211 y in Mexico and the actual appli feet is ever present during the long tion of. social_and education theories translated from the French by Samuel narrative, and they emerge into the pages; The Viking Press; $2.75. Tacir primary function is that of Putnam; 574 pages; Robert M. Mc~ foreground for one brief, but violent ntegrate the Mex Bride & Co.; $2.50. R. SANCHEZ, with assistance Mexican practices scene of discontent and frustrated D from the Julius Rosenwald and into a coordinated pro mutiny at the railroad station. Fund, spent over half a year ‘The Cultural Missions stand for ASCISM has been concisely de- Tt is a novel that exploits to the traveling through obscure regions of Fes as a method of maintaining furthest reach of cynicism and disillu- Mexico in an effort to assess the new in political the dictatorship of finance-capital, sionment the mood of desperation that educational system of that count and io chips. Born by the suppression of all civic liberty comes to the working population of a

prevent all the elements and the constitutional guarantees that Not only did he accumulate the opin- at_ distinguish modern Mexico from o are, theoretically, the backbone of re- country, when that country is engaged fons of school offcials but, by living in Mexico. ‘They symbolize the change in imperialist war, The people hate the peasant homes, noted the reactions of feudalism to socialism, from exploita publican government. It is to be found, war; they mutter and grumble; their the general population to these new ooperation, from slavery to freedom. ‘They in an effective if unspecified form, in hatred and their disenchantment break wage a revolution by education all countries during a state of war; educational efforts. and since wars generally bring a cer- out into open if ineffective rebellion. ‘The importance and effects of new Perhaps this rhetoric obscures Dr. tain amount of prosperity to certain Liberal thinkers, people who think for educational movements cannot _be Sanchez’s vision. Some observers feel sections of a country’s population themselves and possess the temerity to judged by any absolute standards. Dr. that the Mexican “revolution” is mov- (which prosperity filters down through express their convictions, are immedi- Sanchez, studies the present education ing at a snail’s pace. The study re- the lower strata) it has not been in- ately suspect to the fat-bodied and the in relation to the pre-revolutionary veals, however, what might be done evitably true that war-time Fascism is fat-minded who hope to profit by the Mexican schools and to the labor move- through the schools in building a new extended to embody a permanently cor- slaughter. They are “bolsheviks,” “‘sub- ment in the country. society. Whether they succeed is an- ersive influences,” “dangerous revolu- porative state. When the war is over, tionaries.” Such a one was Cripure, the The difficulties with which educ other question. Further, education, for restrictive measures are gradually re- tion in Mexico has been faced are so hero of M. Guilloux’s narrative. the most part, creates no revolution, laxed; it becomes possible to express an tremendous that such success as_has At best, it can be used to support opinion about the war without being Crippled, heart-broken by early dis- been attained seems miraculous. Geo- revolution that has already occurred or publicly mobbed, and the broader appointment, the butt of the town's graphically the country is so divided masses of the people learn that they Jokes because of his unprepossessing and localized that central supervision ‘A contrast between Mexican educa- have once again been duped into trying appearance, his history, his idiosynera- is extremely difficult and the variety tion and education in some other Latin to pull the chestnuts of the minority out sies, Cripure is a tragic figure of majes- of Indian dialects, accompanied by tic proportions. He is also a character American countries would have re- of a holocaust. of unshakable integrity, and it is that little knowledge of Spanish, makes com- vealed the superiority of the Mexican Louis Guilloux’s novel, Bitter Vic- munication and the training of teachers system to those countries where edu- tory, provides a vivid externalization of very integrity which brings about his a heavy burden, cation is practically non-existent. ‘The death. the war-time Fascist state. It is a novel Nabucet was his nemesis; Nabucet, ‘The aims of the educational scheme study is worth the consideration of of war behind the front lines in a are modern, which unites all the con- those interested in the relationship of who also taught in the same school with small, unspecified city of Brittany dur- this gentle, half-mad professor of ethics; servative vested interests against the the school to society as a whole, ing 1917. There is no picture of the Nabucet, who is an exemplification in schools. School teachers in various parts —Donaw W. McConnext trenches, of the hospitals, of the cout ‘of Mexico have been killed for attempt- his own person of everything detestable ing to modernize the masses. Despite in a human being: arrogance, greed,

hypocrisy, jingoism, bootlicking. ‘The these difficulties, the schools have ex- finely wrought plexus of situations panded and given instruction to many which brings Cripure and Nabucet to more pupils, adults as well as minors, the point of duelling is a testimony to than ever before. There has also been the intuitive talent and pervasive hu- a significant effort to preserve and de- ‘man sympathy of their creator. For al- velop Indian handicrafts in areas where though Nabucet and Cripure represent the growth of modern industry and the extremes of human personality, they agriculture is not promising. The edu- are by no means cut-and-dried figures cational program is progressive in the that M. Guilloux has created to point sense that it is not so much concerned his moral or adorn his tale. They are with book learning as with the training human, blood and bone; just as the of students in the task of being able to host of other characters whose lives are utilize the resources of the country in detailed in this long novel are, if not making a living and in developing what as fully realized, as fully alive and mov- are called cultural interests. ing. There are the tragic histories of Besides a rudimentary school instruc- the ancient Mme. Villaplane’s absurd tion, the educational system includes love for the lecher Kaminsky, and of Cultural Missions. These institutions Headmaster Marchandeau’s loss of his are the ones assigned the task of creating a new society. As Dr. Sanchez BREED! only son, through the instrumentality describes these mis of a firing squad; there are the stories ion From The Best of Ast Young (Vanguard Press). See With the Readers column, page 3 of Moka’s bewildered, well-intentioned

18 January 1937, FIGHT

blundering; of Deputy Faurel’s essen- must be permitted; the best will some- pinched existence in a system that has tial decency; of M. Babinot’s imbecilic how rise out of the political scrimmage. crushed the joy and satisfaction out of arms-collection; of Maia’s touching de- ‘The weakness of Democracy, he writes, work and replaced it with a speed-up votion to Cripure, is that it “is always in danger of dis- efficiency and dull routine devoid of All these many figures are closely solving into anarchy, political and mor- human values. Yet within them all, in interrelated in a narrative that has its al.” Catlin places his faith in the mid- varying degrees, there is a spark of self many faults, but that can justifiably dle class as the conservator of the demo- sertion that wars continually, even if claim the recognition it will receive, as cratic ideal; the “planned society” rtively and ineffectually, against the one of the most significant fictions to (which he says this class will create) emptiness and insecurity of their lives. arise in modern France, where world gives to Democracy the positive charac- It is the formation of a union and literature seems, for the moment, to be ter that will enable it to:seize the popu- subsequent strike that whips this spark. most resurgent. lar imagination. into a flame. It is not so simple as all —Atvan C. Bessie Prof. Catlin’s view is as far from the that, to be sure, Miss Zugsmith is too mark as Fascism is from Democracy. good an artist to\idealize either the Society is not dominated by the middle union or the strike. There is at first Propaganda Today class, but by the few big owners of much fumbling and groping, jealousy PropacaNpa ND _DicrarorsHir, comporate wealth. This owning class has and distrust. Some are spied upon and edited by Harwood L. Childs; 153 established Fascism in Italy, Germany get fired, while others do the spying pages; Princeton University Press; and several of the Danubian states, to and get promoted. Yet when the issue $2.00. insure and extend the profit economy. is sharply drawn and a strike is the Irishman: "Dye heard of Shrove Tuesday, ‘The democratic people of Spain are de- only means left to save the union from Ash Wednesday and Good. Fri Peeve no new thing in fending the Republic with their lives being crushed, courage’ and leadership by gorry, thats a mew one on me! the history of the world, came of today; tomorrow Fascism may knock come to the fore. ‘The Best of Act Young age during the period of the on our door. Miss Zugsmith traces the impact of World War. Today it is made to work those who would save and extend these conflicting forces with a keen un- Mr. Farrell describes in minute de- overtime in societies that must produce Democracy must be intolerant of those derstanding of the labor movement in tail the grey, unadventurous existence bunkum to fill the cavity that was meant who would destroy Democracy. Vol- the white collar field, but more impor- of these people, and their relations. The to receive bread. taire said: “I do not believe a word tant by far is the impact of these forces lives of the O’Neills are a struggle with Political propaganda is interested you say, but I would give my life to de- fon the individuals themselves. Bit by hunger itself; the O'Flahertys, who are education by appeal to the intellect fend your right to say it.” For that must bit, one sees that activity in the union better off economically, are naturally and emotions. It is not in itself objec- be substituted the more positive warn- is doing something for the workers— more content with their world, and Al, tionable, except when it is joined with ing: “The price of liberty is eternal something that they hardly anticipated. the shoe salesman, is fairly certain of a force and monopoly, as under dicta- vigilance,” and the practical suggestion ‘They find that their union has suddenly brighter future—by 1931 at the latest! torship. But force and monopoly al- that Fascism, which would destroy given them a strength and purpose they ways are implied when the state goes Democracy, should not be permitted to —for those who will work hard, and never had before, and not merely a follow the conventional virtues. To the into propaganda, therefore government raise its head in the United States collective strength. It has broadened author they are all alike the victims of propaganda never is desirable, and it —Franx B. BLumeNFieip their lives as individuals. They have a social system, which debases, or at is a contradiction in a Democracy, in grown as human beings. It is the sort Teast vulgarizes, the majority who live the view of George E. Gordon Catlin, White Collar of thing that those familiar with organi- under it. who holds that voluntary, movements zation know does take place. In A Time ‘The existence of these church-going and party campaigns provide a way. A Tie 10 Rememer, by Leane to Remember one sees it taking place in Irish-Americans is depicted with a com- These are a few of the ideas ex- Zugsmith; 352 pages; Random House; a moving and_ unforgettable story. passion, which raises the book, as a pressed by the six professors who par- $2.00, —Wittiam P. Mancorp whole, into the category of first-class ticipated in the round-table discussions literature. Mr. Farrell is at his best in at the 1934 meeting of the American TIME TO REMEMBER is The Beginning of a Trilogy his descriptions of the O'Neill family, Political Science Association, and later the kind of book that makes the as in Chapters 12 and 25, and somehow elaborated upon for publication under reader turn salesman and en- A Wortp I Never Mabe, by James he even invests Al's pathetic strivings the title Propaganda and Dictatorship. thusiastically urge it upon all who come T. Farrell; 508 pages; Vanguard Press; after culture with something more than Excellent summaries are provided here within calling distance. It is that rare $2.50. a derisory quality. There is also real of propaganda techniques in Germany, thing in literature—a novel that has Rabelaisian humor in the fights between by Fritz Morstein Marx; in Italy, Ar- the double virtue of being exciting and AVING completed the story of Margaret O'Flaherty and her mother. nold J. Zurcher; the Soviet Union, pleasurable to read and of having sub- H Studs Lonigan, Mr. Farrell But so far as Margaret is concerned, Bertram W. Maxwell (working class stance as well. has now begun the history of T could have done with a great deal less and Fascist dictatorships are indiscrimi- Miss Zugsmith has written about Danny O'Neill, a minor character in of her. The illumination of this charac- nately lumped together), and the Dan- white collar workers in a large, met- the earlier trilogy. A World I Never ter could have been effected in much ubjan states, by Oscar Jészi. Harold D. ropolitan department store, but the im- Made is a long novel covering but a smaller space than Mr. Farrell devotes Lasswell, one of the closest students of portance of what she has to say is by few months in the year 1911, and at to her. The piling up of repetitious public opinion (in the political field) ‘no means confined to this special group. its close Danny is still a small boy. As detail adds nothing, and indeed weakens in the United States, analyzes the stuff For she has written from a broad, so- the present work is only the first of a the novel as a whole. Apart also from of which propaganda is made and lays cial point of view, and the people she contemplated series, the story is in- Margaret, the work might have been the groundwork for measuring the effec- has written about are interesting, first complete, but in any event Mr. Far- improved by cutting. tiveness of different types of propaganda and last, as genuine human beings. Her rell’s greatest ability lies in the creation ‘The New York Times, never loath under variable social conditions. clerks and section managers and em- of characters, rather than in the manip- to accept advertising for Nazi causes A significant paper for people in ployers are real people—the kind you ulation of plots. such as German shipping or the recent democratic countries is that of Prof. know you have met a hundred times— ‘The present novel has a rich store of Olympic games, has di Catlin, who contributes the most im- and their problems, either as individuals living people: the child Danny him- the feel portant brief defense of “‘pure” Democ- or as cogs in a great merchandising ma- self, with his love of baseball and a advertising for A World I Never Made. racy that this reviewer has yet seen. chine, are always the problems of real recurrent interest in the origin of the Mr. Farrell, it seems, has not only con- He presents a brilliant case for Democ- people. Her social passion, far from species; his elder brother Bill, of a very templated childish interest in sex, but acy 2s a political theory; the fallacy cramping her talent as so often happens different stamp, and a potential gang- has even described the human animal (not unimportant in a symposium on 2 in a social novel, simply enables her to ster; Danny's mother Lizz, a pathetic in. the process of evacuation, There practical problem of the modern world) use a broader canvas and to paint in slattern, and his father Jim, a strug- might, itis true, have been less of these is that there never was a “pure” Dem- deeper colors. sling wagon driver, and easily the most matters, but the polite journalists, be-

‘cracy on the face of the earth For the workers in the book it is a sympathetic figure in the book; and fore attempting to stifle Mr. Farrell’s Democracy, writes Prof. Catlin, is time of learning. We meet them first Danny’s grandmother, Mrs. O'Flah- work, might have asked whether or no empiricism and tolerance. In a Democ- as individuals, their lives stunted and erty, a riotous, illiterate, pipesmoking he has given a true picture of some re- racy, therefore, propaganda of all sorts their spirits dwarfed. They lead a Trishwoman. (Continued on page 29) FIGHT, January 1937 19

desire to weaken the ground under the VER since the morning of No- growing sweep of trade union organ- E vember 4th, Wall Street has ization and militancy by partial con- been luxuriating in the strang- cessions. The Wall Street Journal, ‘est post-election honeymoon that has pontifical mouthpiece of the New York yet developed out of the contradictory capitalists, recently commented: “The welter of big business politics. Repudi- wage increase movement has assumed ated by the most sweeping popular proportions too large to be accounted majority in American history, the for mainly by reference to the undis- Street barely took time to shed a croc- . . . Presumably tributed profits tax. odile tear over the political corpses of the employers seek to anticipate and its Liberty Leagues, Landons and so reduce friction.” Hamiltons before sliding smoothly into ‘a new posture that gave the lie to the Let the Public Pay ‘official moans and laments of the Wall INCE its inception, the steel indus- Street election campaign. Post-election honeymoon . . . The 1D try has pursued a policy of exploi Ever nimble, the boys are now stag- ing the general public with monopoly 4 performance entitled, “Sweetness boys are nimble . . . Sweetness and 4; prices and the steel workers with star- and Light.” The sweetness has been light ... The bankers’ international vation wages. Now that the growing rain of divi- nourished by the heaviest union strength of steel labor is begin- dends in the history of the Street. At ning to force some rises in pay, the steel no time during the boom of 1928 and magnates are devoting increased atten- 1929 did dividend declarations in any tion to gouging the public. As predicted two months’ period reach the cloud- the boys have been playing follow the of the chambers of commerce have wit on this page last month, beginning burst proportions that have developed leader and have hewn close to the line flocked ingratiatingly to Washington, the public will pay the first of the year signifi- laid down for them since November protesting they always knew Roosevelt since November 4th. Initiated 4th, in this fashion: was a great man, underneath it all. for every cent of even the inadequate cantly by the $65,000,000 declaration “cost-of-living” wage increase which by du Pont-Morgan controlled Gen- 1. Willie Hearst’s strategic christ- But let no one be misled into believ- the steel industry is now trying to foist of extras and ening of Roosevelt as “the second An- ing that Wall Street has seen the light, eral Motors, the wave drew Jackson” and his back-door has accepted the verdict of the election on its workers. special dividends has penetrated into son-in-law ‘Meanwile, the discrepancy between ‘every nook and corner of big business. alliance with Roosevelt via and will withdraw its opposition to the depressed steel wages and increasing but with John Boettiger in an effort to have the wishes of the overwhelming majority On a much smaller scale name salvage the Seattle more equitable steel profits and dividends continues more direct propaganda intent, Wall Roosevelt for a better living and unabated. For the U. 8. Steel Corp., Street's sweetness has also taken the Post-Intelligencer subsequent to its tribution of the wealth of America. increase between defeat by the American Newspaper Instead, there is involved simply a the cost of the wage unaccustomed form of a sudden (and its effective date and the end of the synthetic) interest in the purchasing Guild. shift in tactics which should have the year is estimated in Wall Street at power of American workers. Wage 2, John D. Rockefeller, Jr.'s mirac- alert and constant attention and per- $3,500,000. In October alone, U. S. bonuses and “appreciation funds” ulous public discovery of 'statesman- sistent opposition of all those who wish profits were $4,875,000. ship” and “inspiring confidence” in Jim the progressive gains of the Steel’s net (dwarf-like in comparison with the to preserve Furthermore, within two weeks of the extra dividends), wage rises (offset be- Farley, together with Jim’s overween- Roosevelt landslide. an- ing gratitude at such attention from wage increase, U. S., Steel declared hind the scenes by the speed-up) and ‘The Wall Street boys are simply other extra preferred dividend, -this “cost-of-living” boosts in pay testify to America’s No. 1 capitalist. carrying into practice the traditional time amounting to $25,200,000 and closeness with which the New York 3. ‘The fanfare of publicity and reactionary polit the adage of practical, bringing the total for the year to $46,- financiers and their hired men in the heavy “what's in a name” jocularity “If you can’t lick your enemy, join 000,000. industrial centers have read the labor that accompanied the announcement of in their post-November 4th between him.” And Wall Street International vote for Roosevelt and the mounting the forthcoming nuptials rush to climb on the band-wagon, the Roosevelt, Jr., and Ethel du returns from the C.1.O. organization Franklin boys have known right along that more N THE international front, Wall campaign in the steel industry. Pont, heiress to the du Pont munitions than just a slim toe-hold has been Street continues to assert its front, the quietus fortune and to the Liberty League's and war. On the political awaiting them. Always beckoning is solidarity with Fascism has been placed for the time being on pscudo-political organization. Roosevelt’s own middle-of-the-road When General Franco's horde of open attacks against Roosevelt. In this, In like manner, the Harper Sibleys liberalism which, as Wall Street well mercenaries first reached the outs knows, is capable of a wide swing to of Madrid, sympathetic speculators, the right unless the multitudes who anticipating a rapid Fascist victory, re-elected him make their pressure talk boosted by several points the market just a8 potently as their votes did on price of the stock of the Morgan con- November 3rd. trolled International ‘Telephone & Aside from contributing to the pre- Telegraph which holds the choice tele- vailing “sweetness and light,” the big phone monopoly in Spain. After the post-election wave of dividends, and rebel advance had been halted by the especially the smaller wave of w stubborn defense of Madrid and after boosts, have been part and parcel of the Fascists in desperation had begun the new Wall Street strategy. It was dropping bombs indiscriminately on ‘common knowledge in the Street that the telephone skyscraper in Madrid, the

U. S, Steel, uneasy over C. I. O. union- stock sold off sharply. ization gains, had made up its mind Wall Street financiers are under-

increase pay, but decided to wait stood to be interested in the current to till after Election Day. As for the divi- revival of efforts to settle the war

dends, many that were already on the debts. The reason is that such steps cards were deliberately postponed until would remove the present ban because after election in order to avoid lending of the Johnson Act on new loans to

ations now in default to the United further momentum to the Roosevelt You avalanche; the rest were mainly de States on war obligations, and thus clared in order to avoid payment of the ‘open the way to Wall Street's financ- undistributed profits tax. With th ing the next war for its own profit and Hyah, tootst wage increases, tax evasion also was at the peril of millions of lives through- If you can't lick your enemy, join him an influence, but even greater was the ‘out the world.

January 1937, FIGHT

Shut Up!

Our press has recently played up the new Nazi gag laws on critics of the theatre, books and art. But do you know what has happened to the great Ger- man artists? What are they doing? Whereare they?

By Elizabeth Noble

RITICISM is the latest crea- ander Moissi, the Manns (Thomas a ive activity to fall under the Nobel prize-winner in literature), ban in Nazi Germany. Ac- Arnold Zwweig, are but a few who fled cording to dispatches in the New York to other countries when Hitler came “imes of November 28th, German into power. Among artists, casualties

critics must in the future confine them- have been as great. Of the avant-garde selves to description; no expression of group, Kandinsky is in Paris; Paul opinion will be tolerated. Thus criti Klee lives in Switzerland, having been follow the Third Reich’s writers, ac- dismissed in 1933 from his professor- tors, painters, sculptors, musicians, ship at Diisseldorf Academy; Moholy- architects, designers, publishers, and art Nagy is in London, Campendonck in Holland. Hartfeld, one of the finest dealers into exil Yet perhaps it is logical to gag and workers in photomontage, is in Czecho-

censor criticism; for art can, scarcely slovakia. Keil, a poster man, escaped be said to exist in Germany. ‘The art- to the U.S.S.R., where Vogler is also. ists who brought fame to Germany Of the Bauhaus group, leader for a from the end of the War to 1933 are decade in industrial design and applied From George Gross illustrations for Schiller’s The Robbers now in exile or silenced; and from the arts, no important figure remains, group embracing Nazi principles no though Gropius, its head and a world- ce Jews are not permitted to deal to the past which Nazi rulers glorify, work has come comparable in quality renowned architect of the functionalist art, Jewish dealers have been forced are printed—under the “best” Nordic to that of pre-Nazi days school, is Aryan and Nordic. Josef to sell (always at a great loss) or go and Aryan auspices, Einstein, Elisabeth Bergner, Alex- Albers, another distinguished member, out of business or move away. Likewise, the publishers who put out

is teaching in North Carolina. Gropius the best art books and those fine color himself is in London, as is Erich Men- The Best in Art is Dead reproductions which have popularized delsohn, who built the Einstein Tower The publishing world has been deci- contemporary painting, are no longer and whose books on American and Rus- mated. Simplicissimus and Uhu, real permitted to publish. Three months’ sian architecture and on modern archi- contributions to popular art, are no notice is the rule with them. The tecture in Germany are classics. longer published. Querschnitt, once an monumental twenty-four volume Kun- ‘Phe “Bund Revolutionar Kiinstler,” organ of advanced schools, has become stgeschichte is such a casualty. with 300 leading artists as members, publication cheaper and more trivial was wiped out by the Nazis. Occupa- in appeal even than the stereotyped Silenced and Persecuted tions connected with art have felt the ‘Hearst-owned American women's mag- German artists who remained in lash, Max J. Friedlander, long chief Der Cicerone, formerly the their native land are no less casualties director of museums in Berlin, is out best all-round magazine on modern art, than those who fled. Max Lieber- of office, though for years every im- was absorbed in 1931 by Pantheon, mann, president of the Academy and portant German art magazine felt which under Hitler changed editors, co-founder with Corinth of the Berlin honored to print his articles. Kurt becoming more academic until in 1935 Secession, died a year ago, having been Glaser, of the Berlin Staatsbibliothek, it ceased to appear. Jugend, another forced to resign from the presidency

known for his studies in the graphi popular magazine, is under new direc- and having been conspicuously ignored arts, is in Switzerland. Exiles in the tion, in art matters. Otto Dix, whose United States include Georges Schrei- ‘Museen der Gegenwart: Zeitschrift etchings of the War are bitter and ber, well-known graphic artist, Kurt der deutschen Museen fiir neuere profoundly educational documents, Roesch, George Grosz, whose war Kunst is no longer published. Kunst like Grosz’s, lives in Germany ‘‘coor- drawings are powerful social criticism, und Kunstler ceased publication in dinated” and paints conventional land- and Annot and Rudolph Jacobi, Aryans 1933. Die Form, dealing with design scapes. Kathe Kollwitz, like Lieber- who protested the anti-Semitic trend. and abstract form, was discontinued in mann a gifted veteran, remains in Art dealers also felt the scourge 1933. Der Sturm, the mouthpiece, Germany, silenced and persecuted. All under Hitler. Alfred Flechtheim, from 1910 on, of the experimental ar- who have seen her powerful etchings, whose name appears twenty-seven times tistic group, came to an end in 1932, lithographs and woodcuts of starving in a total of 123 loans of important no doubt sensing imminent Hitlerism. children in war time and of peasants contemporary German art in the cata- But magazines like Die Antike, dn- yoked to the plow, will know what a logue of the Museum of Modern Art's tiquitiiten Rundschau, Archiv des Ver- loss this is, 1931 exhibition of German painting bandes. von Museumbeamter, Asia Early in Hitler's reign, the national and sculpture, is a fugitive in London. Major, Der Dekorationsmaler, Ipek galleries, previously world famed, were J.B. Neumann, well known in Berlin Tahrbuch fiir prackistorische und eth- (according to a Berlin dispatch to the Kathe Kollwite: Self Portrait and Munich, is living in New York. nographische Kunst, all safely vowed (Continued on page 30) FIGHT, January 1937 a

The Americas

South America... Two conferences to discuss ways and means to keep peace in the world . . . The writer here reports on what she witnessed at both conferences and on the streets of Buenos Aires. . .“Keep your Democracy,” the people said, “fight for it. That is the way to peace.”

By Dorothy McConnell ILLUSTRATED BY HARRISON MOORE

Miss Dorothy MeConnell, now in South America representing the American League was inaugurated. The galleries of the who seemed completely at his ease (ex- And this is not only true in Buenos Against War and Fascism, wiote this article small Congress Hall were packed. cept for the United States delegation Aires. In fact it is less true in Buenos in early December, before the closing of the Cards had been carefully given out and who were looking a trifle smug) was Aires than many other places—say Rio Tnter-Ame an. Conference Eorror police were sprinkled throughout the Mr. Nejera, the Mexican Ambassador de Janeiro where the city is under mar- crowd to see that nothing unpleasant to the United States. He lolled back tial law and many of the progressive N THE day President Roose- happened. After President Justo had in his chair, watching the chandelier Citizens are being watched by the police. velt arrived in Buenos Aires finished his opening sp —in. the with a slight smile on his face. To undertake a peace conference in for the opening of the Inter pause that followed Roosevelt's stand- the speech continued. There was such an atmosphere is a tremendous American Peace Conference, flags hung ing before the Conference—a voice much bowing to the church and many task. But there can be no doubt that from every building, business houses rang out from the gallery. worthy sentiments. But a bomb had the Conference is seriously attempting were closed and men and women stood “Avajo con el Imperialismo!” been thrown and every one knew it. to establish some sort of machinery to massed on the pavements moving inter- (Down with imperialism!) ‘The bomb was not one carelessly maintain peace. ‘The reason is simply twined Argentine and United States ‘There was a moment of panic. The dropped. ‘The night before the Con- that there is a fear that war may upset flags. Military bands and marching delegates sat stiffly upright in their seats ference a man, close to the President, things beyond help at this time. soldiers lent the proper touch to the Then Roosevelt began to speak and the said he had seen the speech and that tension relaxed. The Treaties scene. As Roosevelt started on his w Roosevelt was going to “let them have down the Avenue, a deafening siren was ‘Those who understood English Before the Conference opened it amas blown and those not yet on the streets leaned forward to hear. Those who looked as if the trade treaties might be ran from their houses to join the crowd did not followed translations placed be- Democracy 1s. Fascism the central issue. Certainly they were ‘An American standing in front of the fore them. ‘That night on the streets the people Secretary of State Hull’s major con- ink House,” the Argentine White pointed out the section on Democracy cern. But now it seems, although the House, turned and spoke for a moment The President Speaks in the papers. And when you talked to Conference has barely started and it is in Spanish. Immediately an Argentine War was renounced. ‘There was people who were present they were all hard to predict, that the peace treaties rushed up to him. tremendous applause. It was suggested talking about the “individual liberties will take the center of the stage. “You speak Spanish, ch?” he asked. that the Americas by working out a of our citizens.” ‘The United States is proposing 2 “Then, please, for my people's sake tell system to maintain peace could set an The Latin Americans are realistic. treaty based on its neutrality stand with your President that the way to help us example to the rest of the world. Again In the sweep toward Fascism that has special regulations concerning the du- is to give us our liberty by standing for there was tremendous applause. Then come over South America and Central ties and responsibilities of Latin Amer- more Democracy.” Roosevelt went on to sa America in the last few years the people ican non-combatant Republics. ‘The Bing! First, it is our duty by every honorable feel that their only hope is in the pres- means to prevent any future wars among our treaty will be a general-treaty and not A policeman’s hand shot out, neatly selves. ‘This can best be done through the ervation of their democratic rights. In solely limited to the Americas. collared the speaker and he was hustled strengthening of the process of constitutional the South American Republics, free ‘The Argentine is proposing a rein- off democratic goverament—to. make the pro speech is growing to be more and more forcement of the Saavedra Lamas treaty ‘esses conform to the modern need for nity of a luxury, to be paid for often by which is based on the Briand-Kellogg Fight for Democracy! ficiency prison sentences. “They do not have to peace pact and is also a general treaty. Later in the evening, with the houses dividual liberties of our citizens. By 20 be convinced of the closeness of the tie There is a further proposal which lighted’ on every cornice, and the the people of our nation, unlike the between peace and the struggle for may be made for a North and South squares so ablaze that you felt as if you of many nations who live under other forms of government, can and will insist on democratic rights. American peace treaty with an advisory were on a great stage, an Argentine wo- their intention to live in peace. Thus will ‘At the same time the officials, some link with the League of Nations and man spoke to me. democratic government be justified through ‘of whom have openly declared tl another, which may never come to the “T stood on the street all afternoon out the world selves for Fascism, others who are floor of the conference, for a purely and so did my friends,” she said. “It The last sentence was rolled out as ging in that direction, realize the South American treaty. was to show our officials that any coun- an experienced political speaker can roll dangers of popular peace movements According to the United States dele- try which has a president who stands for it, After it Roosevelt hesitated as an and wish to keep the moves toward gation, no attempt will be made to push Democracy will have our love.” ‘Then actor hesitates for the inevitable ap- peace solely in their own hands. through North American proposals if she lowered her voice. “Keep your plause. The delegates sat perfectly “Here in Buenos Aires,” a newspaper there is opposition. And, for the first Democracy. Fight for it. ‘That is the still. “There was not one handclap. I reporter told me, “peace is a very time in many years, the Latin American best. way to keep peace.” Ieaned over the balcony railing to look dangerous word in the mouth of a countries seem to feel the United States ‘The next afternoon the Conference at the official delegates. The only one citizen.” means it. Although there is still con-

22 January 1937, FIGHT

in_such a way that it will work siderable antagonism to the United in the conference. It was unfortunate sion of the Inter-American Peace Con- States, as the call from the balcony on that the resolution, originating from the ference. For that reason the Conference is the first day would indicate, the fact United States, was worded and carried Nor should the feminists feel too bad unique. Much of the claptrap of the that the official delegation has stood through in such a way that it split if their resolution is ignored because— usual peace conference is absent. There against some of the trade agreements the United States delegation. Although for the first time in the history of Latin is not nearly as much diplomatic polite- which have led to so much resentment it was designed for the purpose of get- American countries—a delegation of ness as one would expect. The dele- on the part of Latin American coun- ting the women’s rights question on the women was received on the floor of a gates are far too much in earnest. You tries, has made for better relations. agenda of the official conference it looks conference. have the feeling as you sit in their

at the moment as if it will fail. committees that although they want all The Popular Conference Women’s rights seems to be tied up “I am the Police” the economic advantages that can be ‘The ordinary person of Latin Amer- with Communism in some of the dele- Of course, even this popular expres- squeezed out of a peaceful system, nevertheless they will work for peace ica looks—rather pathetically—to the gates’ minds, Delegations who desper- sion, the greatest by the way ever made United States as the great force for ately fear anything radical will try to in the Western Hemisphere, is under machinery. freedom in the world. In the Popular Keep it off the conference floor. And suspicion, One Latin American wo: Several weeks before the Inter-Amer~ Conference, which took place several the United States delegation is not man, carried away by the presentation, ican Peace nference met, 2 confiden: days before the official conference, one friendly to the Equal Rights Amend- turned to the man next to her and tial letter went out from Washington. ment which is implied in the Resolu- said: It is a letter that goes regularly to man argued vehemently against a proposal for progressive disarmament, say- tion “This is the way people should work. various businesses giving the inside in- ing that the United States must be “left xy should go to their governments formation on government moves. Re- equipped to fight for Democracy.” The Peoples’ Mandate and demand peace.” garding South America it said that The Popular Conference, called to But whether the Popular Conference “Sefiora,” said the man severely, “L should the United States be put in a bring popular pressure on the official proposals are taken seriously or not, think I should tell you I am from the position where it could not put through

there has already been one popular ex- police its trade and peace proposals in the conference, was a disappointment to Political issues were in- It is this constant police surveillance Inter-American Peace Conference, it many people. pression for peace by the presentation troduced which divided the conference of the Peoples’ Mandate To End War that makes the average, fairly liberal had two other proposals up its sleeve which would keep the prestige of the United States from receiving too severe a blow. One was the proposal for an Inter-American highway, the other was for the extension of Inter-American cultural relations. Implicit Belief Judging by the temper of the Con- ference—a temper which may change I admit—I do not, think there will be much time to give to Inter-American highways or cultural relations. ‘The only thing that makes an onlooker from the United States nervous for the prestige of the United States is the implicit belief of the vast majority of the Latin Americas in the existence of the complete freedom and individual liberty of our citizens—and the idea that this move toward establishment of peace in the Americas will bring about such conditions in their own countries. Buenos dires December 4, 1936 so that definite proposals could not be at the first plenary session of the Inter- citizen of Latin America so friendly to made with the force necessary to f American Conference. Introduced by Roosevelt on whom they look as a great Mrs. Burton W. Musser, the only off- democrat. They, I am not talking of attention on the people's will for The delegation from the United States cial woman delegate from the United the radicals, seem to make a distinction was handicapped by the fact that the States, presented by Mrs. Caroline between the American business man discussions were carried on entirely in O'Day of New York and endorsed by and the United States government—an

Spanish and also by the fact that most Mrs. Miller of Brazil, it created a tre- odd distinction to say the of the delegation did not understand mendous impression in the Conference. From what I can gather this great the Latin American problems. ‘The Nine women from the United States stress on Democracy makes many of the conference received very little attention had flown from Washington to join Latin American officals nervous and from the press. Many of the proposals with women from all the Americas in they are anxious to keep it out of the were excellent—such as trade regula- the presentation of the two million sig- discussions’ in the conference. But they tions which might help do away with natures denouncing war as a means to are in a spot. ‘They must play along causes of war. In the proposals settle economic difficulties. Tt had its with Roosevelt. He represents the adopted, a lowering of tariffs was called effect. Saavedra Lamas had just made most powerful government in the for beginning with necessary goods and his opening address. Some of the del Americas. Some of the more clever goods exchanged between the Americas. gation from the Peoples’ Mandate felt ones know that it is due to the economic A demand was made that the Latin that, for the sake of publicity, it was no imperialism of the United States that

Americas should not be the field for time for the presentation. But there they are in the desperate situation they dumping goods. ‘The abolition of ex- was no choice. This was the only time are today. There are many conflicts change control was asked. that could be had. In the papers the below the surface. But at the same Progressive disarmament and a move adlines across the top of the page read time they are all too frightened by toward free trade was asked. —Women’s Demand For Peace—and world events not to seek some means

of preserving peace in the Western in small type it was noted that Saavedra ‘The suffrage question with its equal- Hemisphere and throughout the world ity demands did not occupy much time Lamas had opened the first plenary ses- FIGHT, January 1937

le Marine, which the House of Mor- pean Fascism. Of the million dollars Undermining Liberty gan controls; Sidney J. Weinberg of almost the whole amount, $924,974 or (Continued from paze 6) Goldman, Sachs and Co., while other 90 per cent, was spent by the subsidi- another illustration, but I have it on The new book by the authority of one of the foremost leading Roosevelt backers include Wal- zers of reaction, the following groups ter P. Chrysler, Fred. J. Fisher of Du Pont fam , S204045; du Pont women of America, a famous journal- General Motors, officials of Worthing- 6 jem family, $100,250 ist, who does not believe it is ethically ton Pump, International Harvester $68,226, Melion 7 ii right to make the disclosures. But and Union Carbon and Carbide, the Rockeleller_ associates, the persons are of the same calibre as 2; Hutton asioates, $40,671; Sin Oi those in the Theodore Roosevelt case, corporation involved in the most no- OD; banks and brokers, $184,- the Teapot Dome scandal, or the sub- torious silicosis death scandal in our 68. DTRACHEY sidizers of the Liberty League. They history. All these names and prices, (and be- include one of the greatest oil men in Liberty League Associates cause of space limitations an incomplete America, two of the biggest bankers, list is here presented), are important fone of the most important industrial- ‘The financial tie-up of the Republi- for many reasons. ‘They prove first of can Party, the corporations, the Liberty all that big business subsidizes both ists. It was during a crossing from Le major parties as well as the Liberty Havre to New York that this group League, the super-patriotic organiza- of great corporation heads, sitting daily tions and the American Fascists, is League, and they warrant the presump- at a table in the lounge, sought to dis- more apparent. ‘The list of contributors tion that the same interests will sub- illusion my informant about politics to the Republican National Commit- sidize whatever new organization is and banish her naive ideas about our tee and the Liberty League is almost produced by the same interests to take Republican - Democratic Olympiades. identical. the place of the Liberty League in a The Theory They explained to her exactly how the ‘Money for the Republican campaign pure Fascist movement. big business men of America finance was raised by a committee of sixteen and Practice the campaigns of both parties, includ- of which William Bell, president of the Class Betrayal of Socialism ing the “reform” party, whichever it American Cyanamid Company, was ‘The charges of the Democrats ‘The most important book about Socialism since Das Kopital .. may be, which promise the dear people chairman, Among his colleagues were against the Republicans, and vice versa, they will end the iniquities of Wall Sewell Avery, Liberty League contribu- have been in the past and are at present By the avthor of The Coming Street, bust the trusts, drive the money tor, member of its national executive largely academic and wholly buncombe. Struggle for Power. Just pub: changers out of the temple, and what committee, chairman of Montgomery, Before the Civil War, of course, there lished, $8. not. Ward & Co., and director of U. S. were vital issues between them, but not “What about Franklin D. Roose- Steel Corp.; Ernest T. Weir, head of too vital inasmuch as the growing in- National Steel Corp., member of the dustrial capital early in its history be- ; velt?” asked my informant

“A slight error there,” replied the Liberty League's national advisory gan exercising control of both parties so that it stood to profit no matter oil king. “Of course we had our money committee and one of its big money COOPERATION 4 up on him as well as the opposition, and givers; Joseph N. Pew, Jr., vice-presi- which won. Without ever acknowl- wwe expected him to make the talks dent of Sun Oil Co., whose family gave edging the fact that two parties which TAKES NEW FORMS about the money changers but we did Republican Party $20,000 in 1935; obtained the votes of the millions be- not expect much action. He has, how- JF. Lincoln, of Lincoln Electric Co. ; came the representatives of a class, just GRAPHIC sted Tavestors DIVISION, inthe Graplie Consumers, fete Producere are a ever, betrayed his class, and he has Herbert L. Pratt, former chairman, as surely as the Hitler and Mussolini ‘Sp aodedhastnant of comes, "ey wil fooled us. Well, we had about $5,000,- Standard Oil Co. of N. Y.; A. W. parties, with their overwhelming popu- See te oneninig sar rope in 000 in the Democratic Party in that Robertson, chairman, Westinghouse lar support they were actually the prop- lection and there is no doubt. that Electric & Mfg. Co.; E. L. Ryerson, erty of the enemies of the people. In ] rmryria exw. 42 $15,00900 unt ie Franklin Roosevelt has now got a large president, J. T. Ryerson & Son, steel} fact, the political behavior of Presi- otk om, dle operation ort at for 11" mal Barrow erases Buret mass following. I do not think we can ind Silas H. Strawn, former head of dent Roosevelt II in 1935 and 1936, Ccoperstion and partepaton: a defeat him but my friends here do. It Chamber of Commerce of the United which aroused more personal hatred will take more than five million, but States. than any leader in our time, has been ‘ie “SOCTAL FURFOSH” Group publne they say they will do it. They'll do it In 1935 heavy Republican contribu- explained by Marquis Child as being licatcne; Common Sense-~Soctal Frontier — if it takes twenty million. But make tors included the Pew family (Sun interpreted as betrayal of class by the Social Nonrottweking Work Reday—Student onpsizons are ined Advocate. so

‘no mistakes about it, Miss we Oil), $20,000; John D. Rockefeller, big business men who form that class buy and control our presidents. And $5,000; E. T. Weir (National Steel), which owns both parties. If Wilson, a by we, I mean the five men seated right $5,000; and Sewell F. Avery of Mont- college president, or any lawyer, editor, COOPERATIVE HELP WANTED, Repre- here at this table and a few of our gomery, Ward and U. S. Steel, $5,000. business man or politician in the White feotatives or Adverting and. Subcrpiog friends back home. We make mistakes In September, 1936, with the presi- House had persisted in reforms for the ieee | prticsa teepteatns eaeeaes carro, sted Es sometimes, but usually we win no mat- dential campaign drawing to a close, benefit of the masses and at the cost of the Special Senate Committee to In- the rich, that would have been for- !) ter which party wins. | BE COOPERATIVE. Join and patronie Absolute proof of this startling state- vestigate Lobbying Activities made given, but Roosevelt came from the | ooperatre andes, operating Ba inde ment can be found in the testimony, public a Digest of Data from its files, well-to-do, the rentfier or coupon-cut- | be Rac ened \denberg munitions including a list of contributors to the ing, landowning, baronial, aristocratic | ease ace oP eee eat ee es ea ees committee, of the members of the Liberty League and such similar or class, and therefore it was class be- ont du Pont family who admitted they affliated organizations as the Ameri- trayal. supplied big money to bath the Repub- can Federation of Utility Investors, [Riel PARLIAMENT he ais OF of PROGRESS, various groupe describing neces ican and Democratic parties. ‘The American Taxpayers League, Crusa- Future Political Alignments Gia Speriptlonsy Ide Postage stamp Democratic Committee's report for ders, Farmers’ Independence Council, Coming events may prove that this | } Seca 1935 shows that although many capi- League for Industrial Rights (sic), recognition of classes was an important | talists have switched to the opposition, Minute Men and Women of Today, development in our history. The the following, in addition to the Mor- National Economy League, Sentinels Marxians have spoken of classes for CORRELATED ENTERPRISES gan partner, Gilbert, still continue to of the Republic and Southern Com- almost a hundred years, and the War fase sera balt i was reese, mittee to Uphold the Constitution, Department, under General Douglas ‘Felephone: WAthins 9-1498 ini, California banker, Although the committee's record is MacArthur, recognized the war of la- FL friend of Hearst and of ex-Commander incomplete, it found that in the 18 bor and capital when it wrote its book Belgrano of the American Legion; J. months ending in the Spring of 1936 of instructions to federal and national THE FIGHT

Fletcher Farrell of Consolidated Oil of the sum of $1,086,604.62 had been guard troops, and now plain politicians, 268 Fourth Avenue, New, York, N.Y. the Sinclair-Blair-Rockefeller interests donated to these organizations by the who have been the loudest in spreading T enclowe $1 fora. Year's subscript P. A.S. Franklin and Basil Harris of financial-economic group which in Am- the steel and coal corporation philos- Name the subsidized International Mercan- erica parallels the subsidizers of Euro- ophy of big brotherhood and no classes Address

24 January 1937, FIGHT

blunder that Von Bethmann-Hollweg, in America, are speaking of presidents as being mis-representatives of the rul- German ambassador to London in Au- ing class. gust, 1914, committed when he in- Future, distant, and therefore more formed the German emperor two days objective, historians will probably rec- before England’s entrance into the ognize that a major issue was born War that England would not fight. when Roosevelt II ran for re-election It is true that there still exists in against Governor Landon of Kansas in Great Britain a powerful pressure the Autumn of 1936. Apparently the group which is working for a pro-Nazi president, the son of inherited wealth orientation of the British foreign pol- and the likely man for the Fascisti, icy. This pressure group is exemplified was in the opposite camp, championing by such personages as Sir Henri Deter- the poor against the rich, labor against ding, the British oil king, Mr. Garvin, the editor of the powerful Observer, capital, the have-nots against the haves, the exploited against the exploiters, Montagu Norman, the director of the and although the real leaders of the Bank of England and friend of Dr. former groups called the Roosevelt re- Schacht, the German economics dicta- forms mere palliatives by an astute tor. This group, however, is opposed politician, and his program lacking in by the imperialist politicians, the most sincerity, it began to appear as if the powerful spokesman of whom is the country would some day divide be- irascible Winston Churchill, war-time tween these two groups, between Right chief of the British admirality. and Left, between Conservatives and Liberals and eventually between Fas- Hitler Steps on Britain's Toes cists and a coalition of libertarians, be- In other words, when Germany con- cause in 1936 the beginnings of such a cluded the military alliance with Jap- movement were apparent. All the entered upon a policy that fan, she forces of reaction, of super-patriotism, threatens British imperial interests to of corruption, of entrenched wealth, such an extent that Britain has to sit of what the great Henry George first up and take notice. In addition to that, called “the vested interests,” broke and Mussolini overplayed through party lines and took their place both Hitler their hands in Spain. In spite of the behind the black flag of reaction which ample support to Francisco Franco they covered up with the founding with arms and men, it became clear father’s red, white and blue. All the in the last week of November that the mean little men who lived on raising Fascists will never be able to win in hatreds and prejudices found them- Peace on Earth Spain if they do not get the assistance selves in one camp. All the future Fas- of several German and Italian army cisti were in that camp, Between comps and naval u eighty and ninety per cent of the be lost. It is this pressure group that her rebuilt fleet from the Baltic and The loss of prestige to Hitler and can press, an even larger percentage by land, she would find enough internal Mussolini that accumulated from the than had been bought by the $25,000,- is opposing the present pro-French ori- Fascist debacle in Spain was so consid- 000 a year corruption fund of the pub- entation of Polish foreign policy. support in those countries to incapaci- erable that the government-controlled The most important single strategic tate all. resistance to German aggres- lic utilities, were in that camp while counterpoise to the Fascist combina- sion. The German strategy in the Bal- German and Italian nally their spokesmen, Hearst and McCor tion in Southeastern Europe, today tic ha’ the support of Finland, which stopped reporting the Spanish events mick, yelled louder than ever before is Yugoslavia which is threatened by has a formal military alliance with entirely. By that time, the beginning about a free press. the ever-increasing aggression of its Germany. As far as the Soviet Union of December, 1936, the British were so On the other hand, conventions were Italian neighbor. Economically speak- is concerned, the German strategy con- impressed by the heroic stand of the held and plans discussed for the forma- ing, Yugoslavia is, at present, a British sists of a plan to telescope the German Spanish Loyalists that Downing Street tion of a Farmer-Labor party for the ies through Lithuania, Latvia and gave the City of London to understand colony and Prince Regent Paul is tak- campaign year of 1940. ing his orders from Downing Street. ia and drive by land into Lenin- that the British financial interests in Everyone in the latter movement be- ‘The British influence in Southeastern grad, said drive to be supported by a Spain ought better prepare themselves lieved that the time had come for a Europe extends itself from Yugoslavia Finnish attack along the railroad line for the eventuality that they had to coalition of all men and women of good into Greece, as exemplified by the resto- from Viborg to Leningrad, and a simul- come to an understanding with the will. Everyone saw that all barriers ration of the monarchy in that country taneous naval attack upon Kronstadt United Front government in Madrid.

between the Republican and Demo- in particular Léon with the help of British warships. The Repetition of 1914 France, of course, cratic parties were being razed, and the Greek ports have been turned into Brit- Blum as the head of a coalition govern- future would find America divided be- as a partial answer to In other words, the big poker game ment which includes such bourgeois ele- ish naval bases tween the special interests and the the Italian threat to British imperial has started. Many trumps seem to be ments as the Radical Socialist Party, people. communications through the Mediter- in Germany’s hands, yet it can be said until the end of November found itself When the special interests organize the most embarrassing position as a that Hitler has severely overplayed his in themselves they wili not be known as Blum result of the situation in Spain, Fascists, but that is exactly what they But the repercussions of the German hand. I think it can safely be said that expansionist policies, under the guise he has alienated and annoyed Great was being severely attacked by the left will be. Britain to such an extent that he cannot for his ostensible policy of non-int of the anti-Communist drive, are also felt in Northern Europe. In Lithuani count any more upon British benevo- vention in Spain, while the Fasc and Latvia and Esthonia, the three Tent neutrality. The mission of the ex- were giving open support to the rebels. Hitler’s War Cry the Baltic Sea, the champagne dealer, Von Ribbentrop, It can well be understood that Blum that dominate (Continued from page 15) states Hitler's special representative in Lon- tated to intervene, although his Nazi organizations that were created the United for, in the last analysis, the Polish capi- in 19345 had, by the end of 1936, don, has failed so far. When Von sympathies lie clearly with talists do not care who protects their assumed such importance that they Ribbentrop returned during the end of Front government in Spain. ‘This is property, whether it be German or were able to influence the foreign poli- November to Berlin in order to sign so because during the first six months the German-Japanese military alliance, of his administration he achieved so Polish bayonets, as long as their prop- cies of their respective countries. This many substantial successes in the way he told Hitler that Germany could erty is protected. They know only too has led to a state of affairs where in case political progress in well that once the Red Army should Germany should attempt an_ attack count upon British neutrality. In other of economic and cross Poland their investments would upon these three countries, both with words, he repeated precisely the same France that he didn’t want to jeopar-

FIGHT, January 1937 25,

dize them by a foreign policy that eloquence. On one occasion, to raise as Fascism and Communism, ete. peration, they attempt war it cannot would have cost the support of the money, they imposed a taxon musicians. On this same question of tabooed sub- last long. Their own combined eco- Radical Socialist Party and conse- Victor Herbert happened to be in town; jects it is encouraging to note that the nomic resources are not sufficient. quently brought down his cabinet. he invaded their sanctum and raked posts of the American Legion in San When, however, by the beginning of them fore and aft with his oratory. ‘Jose favor the teaching of the issues Peace and Freedom a Reality December, it became clear that the mil- ‘The supervisors immediately rescinded involved in Fascism and Communism in the tax. At the instance of the Art But Democracy cannot win by a de- itary support that Hitler had given to the public schools. In San Francisco, Franco was not sufficient in order to Commission, they set an example for on the other hand, the officials of the fensive campaign. Its hidden strength make the Spanish people submit to all America by granting an annual sub- Legion are reactionary. is that it provides the people with a Fascism, Blum took a stronger line in sidy of $30,000, and thereby saved the method through which they can solve the form of a clear pronunciamento Symphony from disbanding. They may A World Metropolis the economic problem before which the also be counted on to vote money to Fascist forces are helpless. Reaction that the French army was ready to ‘The idea of forming a committee can be stopped from controlling the resist all German aggressions. make the Symphony worthy of the ex: of one thousand, whose members may position to be held in 1939, to celebrate next period of history if the democratic In other words, while Germany's be called on in time of emergency, has forces will take the economic offensive strategic military position received a the opening of the two great bridges. been debated by the supervisors; but so considerable fillip through the German- in time, Unless the People’s Front San Franciscans Hate Militarism far no action has been taken. Labor forees can extend peoples’ control Japanese-Italian triple alliance con- contends that, if such a body is formed, swiftly to the economic field, and start cluded in the last week of November, ‘A mercurial people, our San Fran- to provide jobs and security for all, ciscans, but capable of grave thought. of the working class as well as of the she also received a profound diplomatic Our working class would fight fiercely employers. Meanwhile, bodies like the they lose. ‘The slogan of Democracy, feat in the re-orientation of the “All Power to the People,” means that British foreign policy and the resul- to defend America against the invader, American Civil Liberties Union, the tant detachment of Great Britain from but, for the most part, they are strongly Inter-Professional Association, "and the people must take over and run the Germany and a renewed English criti- of the opinion that the decision to un- other democratic bodies are planni economic machine upon which their dertake a war of offense should be made legislation to” guard against incipient lives depend. When the “democratic” cal attitude towards Germany. For one thing is clear, that Germany can win by the whole people by means of a vigilanteism. They cannot forget the- countries do this, and do it successfully, no war without the support or the referendum. Militarism the majority of terrible conditions in. Imperial they will detach the deceived followers benevolent neutrality of Great Britain. them abhor. When General Smedley the Santa Rosa tar-and-feather party, from the Fascist leaders. They will Butler spoke here, an audience of some and the law breaking by the employers then be in a position to offer economic ight or nine thousand was solidly with at Salinas security, through economic Democracy Golden Gate City him, Not so the newspapers, however. So the battle for a decently governed ‘on a world scale, to all peoples. Then (Continued from page 11) Some of them adopted the tactits of city goes on. The superstition that the both war and tyranny can be ended. silent conspiracy. The attitude of the existing oligarchy of wealth is too firmly Collective security can become a reality new and a greater San Francisco, Hearst papers was what might be ex- rooted to be changed is giving place Peace and freedom can be established. A dozen men, perhaps, of the hi pected of them. The Chronicle trembles to a more hopeful temper. Innumerable archy of wealth control the destinies of in the balance between Chester Rowell’s groups are studying economics; the long- the city. Without the endorsement of a timorous Liberalism and the more shoremen are being addressed by liberal No Pasaran! limited group of well-known citizens American Republicanism of Paul Smith. minded professors. It is dawning on the (Continued from page 7) no important undertaking seems pos- But, if a choice had to be made, the working man that he has ‘as good a sible. The city officials seem to be popu- Chronicle would probably go The constitution becomes a mere joke, larly elected; but their selection, in Fascist. brain as the merchant, and he means to ‘The clergy once more collects its fees The News makes a brave pretense of use it. from the state funds, ‘major instances at least, is socially con- being pro-labor, but, when the test But whatever may be the political ditioned. When there is a scandal some comes, it falls in line with the em- and economic complexion of the times, ‘There is a revolt in Catalonia, poor devil is made the goat, as in the ployers every San Franciscan believes The famous rebellion of the Asturian with a graft scandal of a score of years ago, The reception given to the delegates passionate conviction that his city is miners dates back to this period. But when Abe Ruef was clapped into jail, from the Spanish government was en- destined to be a world metropolis. the army stands ready, and the peo- but the arch wrongdoers got off scot thusiastic and the audience raised ple's desire for Democracy is drowned free. It will probably be the same with $3,000 to help the embattled republic jin blood. Three thousand Asturi the present police investigation. A few in its fight against Fascists, Moors and Fascist International miners have to be massacred before they officers may land in prison; but there foreigners. But our well-to-do folk are (Continued from page 9) subject themselves to the whip of the seems little chance of getting the higher against the Spanish government for the despots. ups, who are popularly supposed to live same reason that they oppose the ultimately they must destroy each other The people vow that the Republic in style on the proceeds of slum prop- United Front in France. They are irre- because they have no solution for the shall live again, erty, the dope traffic and commercial- concilably against any government basic economic problem, does not avail ized immorality. which is not against labor. They talk to prevent the present destruction of The Popular Front about loyalty to the Constitution of the Democracy. Former enemies, who have long Rulers of the City United States; but they rarely quote If the issue is now carried to the fought each other bitterly, now join Our mayor is necessarily a yea-sayer the Declaration of Independence and field of arms, there is no guarantee that hands. Spain's trade unions, the C. to the power of big business. “Sunny they greatly deplore Lincoln’s reference ‘more Fascism will not come out of the N. T. and the G. T. U., met and dis Jim” Rolph, prince of glad-handers, set to the “constitutional” and the “revo- next world war than came out of the cussed a plan of action. They invited the example, His successor, Angelo last. In this country the beginning of lutionary” right of the people. all the forces of liberalism to work with Rossi, a kindly soul, who would ‘not Our middle class is largely averse to war certainly involves the attempt to them in a common plan. There was, willingly hurt anybody, did not want any civic cleaning up; they prefer a set up Fascist controls, with every pos- no doubt, much discrimination at the to give the police orders to fire on the corrupt city to a liberal one. They sibility of success. The only way to start, Every party wished to, see its longshoremen in the strike of a couple dread reform because they fear it will avoid this doubtful conflict is for the own program carried out. Gradually of years ago. “It will ruin my political bring radicalism in its train. The “democratic” countries to withdraw career,” he wept. tude atti- they discovered points which they all “You won’t have of our appointive Board of Educa- economic support from the Fasc had in common, ‘They all wanted edu- any political career if you don’t,” was tion is typical. A few weeks ago there powers—no loans, no supplies. Ob cation for the people, wages and food, e grim retort. John Francis Neylan, was a debate in one of the sections of ously this will not be attempted except hospitals and clinics. They made a the lawyer who carries out the behests the Commonwealth Club about the dis- by People’s Front governments. Plainly program accepted by all. This proof William Randolph Hearst, dra- cussion of controversial subjects, mean- these cannot be established without first gram was within the bounds of the gooned the newspapers into a united ing Fascism and Communism, in the exposing and outvoting the internal front against the strikers, and public schools. constitution. ‘Then they prepared for a record ‘The president of the Fascist_and potentially Fascist forces the 1936 elections was made in journalistic lying. board held that such subjects should ‘The supervisors, ‘The defeat of Fascism abroad requires During all this time the “right” con- for the most part, have no place in the curriculum. But the defeat of reaction at home. The tinued its reign of terror. are safe, middle-of-the-road men, who the decision of the club, as represented defeat of reaction at home brings the Tt is in the preparation of this great kowtow to labor, but keep a keen eye by its section, was overwhelmingly in defeat of the Fascists abroad. It cuts election that the Church makes a false on Midas. But they are amenable to favor of free discussion of such subjects off their base of supplies. If, in des- (Continued on page 29)

January 1937, FIGHT

| Butlling ths odiagus

A United Movement in Common Resistance to War and Fascism By Paul Reid

NEW JERSEY—The Jersey City raised $25 for Spain at a Harvest Party cities and organizations of this state. York City Youth Section has taken a League held a rally for Spanish De- on November 18th. Union City has In Minneapolis the trade unions have leading part in work for Spain among mocracy on December 3rd and col- also been active in behalf of Spanish been involved in this activity and have youth organizations of the city. The lected $132 for the loyal defenders Democracy. A mass meeting in Octo also protested the murderous bombard- members participated in a city-wide ‘of democratic government in Spain. ber netted over $250. On November ment of Madrid by the Fascist forces. youth conference for Spain that uni- Speakers included Eugene Shackner, a 2ist an “old clothes” party brought a fied the work of many organizations large supply of clothing and food for TEXAS $—This lusty Branch of the and started a campaign for funds and & A the Spanish people. A raffle for fur- League in Houston is developing supplies. In addition, the Youth Sec- ther funds for Spain is being conducted strongly. It took part on Armistice eve tion maintains a ‘receiving station for at the present. in a united peace meeting that aroused considerable interest and support in supplies. ‘The Trade Union Commi MASSACHUSETTS—A panel dis- the community. Henry Lee; a youth tee of the New York City League cussion arranged by the Northamp- speaker of the Emergency Peace Cam- helped to organize a very significant recent foreign correspondent in Madrid, ton League on November 22nd was paign, and Rabbi Sol Russlander undertaking for Spain in the city. Sev- ad-

Alfred Chakin of the American Peo- eral of the unions have embarked on a devoted to the subject of the Spanish dressed the meeting. “Uncle Sam ple’s Olympic team that went to Bar- civil war. ‘The local Branch issues Needs You,” a one act play, was pre- project of making clothing for the de- celona and Dr. Lawrence Lefleur, a monthly news letter to its members, sented by the WPA theatre group, fenders of Spanish Democracy. A sum professor at Brooklyn College. The Keeping them informed of current de- while an octette from Houston College professional Branch of the Newark velopments in the fight against war for Negroes contributed songs to the League conducted a large meeting for and Fasciam and serving as a coordi- program. ‘The meeting adopted a reso- Spain last month and on Armistice Day nator for League activities. The lution of protest to the superintendent held a memorial service, with Donald Dorchester Branch held its second an- of schools and president of the school Lester of the New School for Social nual dance on November 11th and board, objecting to the denial of Research, New York, as main speaker. raised a substantial sum of money for rights involved in closing the s hools An anti-war dance was presented on organizational purposes and for the to certain community groups. of $1,300 was raised at the outset for this occasion by Miss Catherine Spanish people. the purchase of cloth, the trade union- Bjorksen of Montclair. Dr. Solomon NEW YORK—The Albany Evening ists contributing their time and the Diamond of New York City addressed MINNESOTA—With the help of News recently published a photograph shop owners their equipment for this the Passaic Branch of the League, No- League members, a strong resolution in of Carl von Ossietzky, winner of the project. ‘The United Cloakmakers’ vember 21st, speaking on the Spanish support of the Spanish people’s fight 1935 Nobel Peace Prize, with Dr. Branch held a large mass meeting of situation from first hand experiences. for Democracy was adopted at the Kurt Rosenfeld, who spoke for the trade unionists on December 3rd with A sum of over $80 was collected from recent state convention of the Farm League in Albany last year. A letter Joseph Breslau of the I. L. G. W. U., an audience of 200 and was sent to aid Holiday Association. Many wires and from Dr. Rosenfeld, recalling the oc- Kurt Rosenfeld, former German min- the Spanish people. At Paterson, the letters of protest to Italian and Ger- casion of the taking of the picture, was ister and recently in Spain, and Melach League has been working in a broad man ambassadors and consuls decrying fer published in the paper. ‘The Epstein of the Morning Preikeit, also united front of organizations which are ranco rebel junta Kingston League has also been very ‘a recent visitor to Spain, as the speak- supporting Spanish Democracy. This ‘of Spain have been sent from several active on the Spanish situation. At a ers. The Finance Committee has broad committee, representing 26 local recent meeting where Dr. S. Diamond just ended a very ‘interesting “clock organizations, has collected over $1,500 of New York was speaker, over $35 drawing” raffle. Six prizes were for Spain in addition to several truck- was raised for Spain by means of a col- awarded to members who did especially loads of clothing and food. Perth Tection and the sale of some pictures fine work on this project. Aaron Lass Amboy held a public meeting for Gen- given by the Woodstock Artists’ Union. of the Bensonhurst Branch, Brooklyn, ral Smedley Butler on November 19th, Professor J. Moreno-Lacalle recently received first prize—a hundred dollars and in spite of the fears of the School spoke at Utica and Rome, making a worth of merchandise. Consolation Board, which denied the League the prizes—copies of Imperial Hearst by powerful plea for the support of the use of the high school auditorium, there anti-Fascist forces in Spain. A sum of Ferdinand Lundberg—were given to was no riot! Instead, General Butler over $90 for Spain was raised in these Sonia Peer, Sunnyside Branch; Blanche delivered 2 powerful anti-war talk. two meetings. New York City now Brien, of the Women’s International Over 700 people attended the meeting. has four Junior Branches of the League for Peace and Freedom; G. and gave the general an enthusiastic re League according to the report of Walker, Reservoir Branch; N. Naidus, sponse. The Reverend Jay Wright of Joseph Jankowitz, the leader of the Inwood Branch, and Rudolph Gleis- Bloomfield also addressed the meeting. Junior Section. The names of these sner of the Brooklyn Women’s Anti- The League is considering what action organizations of youngsters have a War League. Westchester County to take on the ruling of the State Com- real tang—“Youth of ’76,” “Young held a peace conference on November missioner of Education refusing the Progressives,” “The Go-Getters,” and 14th, involving nearly all of the peace League the use of school buildings in “Hunt's Point Juniors.” Recently: the and anti-war organizations of the dis- the city. Trenton Leaguers recently boys have been collecting funds, food trict. Speakers included Harvey Stein- went from house to house with ma- Ny and clothing for Spain. One of the berg of Yonkers, head of the Typo- terial against Hearst, securing signa- Branches has arranged a series of lec~ graphical Union; the Reverend Frank Hutchins of St. John’s Episcopal tures for a petition to the manager of Hester G. Huntington, Secretary, Nor- tures for the winter. Several members the local theatre asking him to refuse walk, Conn, American League Against took part in the Children’s Peace Fes- Church, Yonkers; Rabbi Max Mac- to show the Hearst news reels. ‘They War and Fascivm tival on Armistice Day. The New coby of Mount Vernon; Mrs. Olive FIGHT, January 1937 27

Libermann and of university and town David Bogdanoff, large audience county organizer of the League. people gave a very warm response to his setting of the issue of Democracy CALIFORNIA—The attention and against Fascism, ‘The mid-western efforts of the local Leagues in this regional conference of the League, to state are being concentrated jointly on take place in Chicago, January 8-10, activities for Spain and the State Con- will be addressed by Bishop Edgar ference Against War and Fascism tak- Blake of the Methodist Episcopal ing place in San Francisco, Dec. 11 Church, Van A. Bittner, head of the and 12, ‘The visit of the Spanish dele- Steel Workers Organizing Committee gation touring America to the San Francisco and Los Angeles areas was in the Great Lakes area and Dr. Harry warmly received. ‘Thousands attended F, Ward. Our regional organizer, Ralph M. Compere, is in charge of the meetings and a great deal of money arrangements. The Pittsburgh League was raised. The State Conference was had Clinton 8. Golden, regional direc- James Lerner supported by a number of trade unions, tor of the Steel Workers Organizing including American Radio Telegraph- Committee, as speaker at a meeting on cers’ Associ November 18th. His subject was, “A LAST month we warned you, this twenty dollars’ worth of medical sup- ‘way and Steamship Clerks, month it has come true. ‘The youth plies for Spain. At New York Uni- of the International Lad Garment Strong Labor Movement as a Bulwark delegation from Spain has arrived in versity they've run a “Defend Democ- Workers Union, District Council No. Against Fascism.” racy Drag.” 2 of the Maritime Federation of the TOUR OF SPANISH DELEGA- Pacific, the Sailors’ Union of the Pac TION—The delegation of distin- MT. VERNON, N. Y. youth branch and the Ship Scalers’ Union, ILL.A. guished Spaniards, who toured the had a meeting on Spain which brought 38-100. Detailed reports of the Con- United States under the auspices of the in $26. The Englewood youth branch ference are still to come. At Los North American Committee to Aid hhas been reorganized and has begun Angeles the campaign against Hearst Spanish Democracy, have now com- to boom. In one afternoon we received is gaining momentum. The entire pleted their itinerary. In every city the United States and has had its first fourteen new memberships from secre- November 9th issue of “Peace and of their tour, the American League meetings. Forty-five cities, as well as tary George Newbald. Now George Freedom,” semi-monthly bulletin of took a most active part in arranging numerous colleges, have been included writes, “We will have new member- for their visit, advertising the meetings, in the scheduled tour. ships for you within the next week.” and getting out crowds of people to Englewood is also preparing a tag day hear them, Everywhere they went the THE representatives of the Youth for Spain. Good work! ; ‘American people gave them a tremen- Front are: Josefina Ramirez, member dous welcome and reached deep into of the Executive Committee of the IN RECENT years, youth has become ; Youth Federation of the Republican a very popular subject. Youth mov their pockets to help the cause of Democracy in Spain. Speaking seven Union Party (neither sunflower Re- ments, sincere, worth while and otherwise, surround us on all sides. But the Los Angeles League, is devoted or eight times in a four-day visit to publican or Coughlin Union) and di- California, their audiences responded rector of a military hospital; Ygnaz these all cover young people over 16 to the fight against this notorious re- with over $10,300 to their efforts. Eugenie, writer, student of Louvain years of a the United Student actionary. Chock full of vital informa- Catholic University and director of the Peace Committee has established a high tion and containing definite directions In Denver they addressed the most suc- Catholic newspaper, Cruz Y Raya; and as to things to do to defeat Hearst's cessful anti-war and anti-Fascist meet- Fascist and war-making efforts, this ing ever held in the city. Over 4,000 Louis Simarro of the Unified Young @ [ Leereace bulletin spreads the campaign into people packed the Milwaukee audito- Socialist’ League, commander of the rium where they spoke. ‘Thus it went government militia. Simarro has been &) new quarters. The Women’s Commit- wounded and is accompanied by his f Shad ee N tee is playing a very active part everywhere on the tour, with one ex- wife who acts as nurse. She directs a ception! Reactionary forces, political children’s home. school sub-committee which is to de- HERE AND THERE—Dr. Harry and religious, at Davenport and Rock velop an educational program on peace F. Ward, I chairman of the Island, laid down a hall blockade, and THE tour is being sponsored by the for this age group. Peace polls, essay League, a a League meet even though a small meeting place was Youth Committee to Aid Spanish Dem- contests, discussion outlines are being ing on the Spanish situation at Madi- finally secured, the delegation declined ‘cracy, with which the Youth Section considered. And those of you who've son, Wisconsin, on November 21 to speak under such repressive condi is cooperating. Colleges or cities de- attempted to work with high school tions. Nevertheless, the crowd that sirous of arranging meetings for the age youth or children know how much gathered at the small hall was tremen- delegation are requested to get in touch this is needed. dously enthusiastic and over $300 was with the office immediately. collected for the Spanish people. Ac- We are making special efforts to IN NEW YORK CITY we are told tion is planned, through the courts bring the delegation to the smaller cities that there are six junior branches, and and through publicity, to defend the and those not included in the tour more being organized. Joseph Janko- right of free speech and assembly in just completed by Sefiora de Palencia witz. writes of these: “I think that you Rock Island. Sefiora Isabella de Palen- and her delegation. ‘This will give will find that some of the junior cia addressed a huge open-air mass the adult branches of the League, who branches are as active and even more meeting in Tampa, Florida, at the time missed out on the first delegation, the ive than some of the youth branches. of the A. F. of L. convention and ‘opportunity to work for this group. ‘These active junior branches were or- aroused a widespread interest in the ganized without the assistance of any Although meetings should be sponsored cause of her people, despite the fact by the youth organizations in each city, adult branches.” Plenty of digs in that she was not permitted to speak these lines and maybe some hints to cn the floor of the convention. The adults are urged to join forces. “whom it may concern.” ‘Two of these

cities visited by this inspiring delegation IN NEW YORK youth has raised the branches participated in the children’s inchided Seattle, W Poxt- cry, “An ambulance from the youth of Armistice Day festival in New York. land, Oregon; San F East New York to the youth of Madrid.” Bay, Redwood, Sunnyvale, and Los They're rapidly realizing the slogan AS WE write this column, word comes Angeles, California; Denver, St. Louis, and are now working on a “Milk for from San Francisco that a number of ceed: ‘Tampa, Rock Island, Illinois; Minne- Spain” week. We heard of one girl youth organizations have already sub- olis, Milwaukee, Chicago, Detroit, who spent a Saturday afternoon visit- mitted their credentials for the State RN. McKibben, Secretary, Pittsburgh jeveland, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, ing doctors in her neighborhood, and Conference of the American League. American League Against War and Fascism and New York City. remarkable, the doctors gave her Plans are to rebuild the Youth Section, 28 January 1937, FIGHT

Books a key position. These are the people a bullet hole through his head. (Continued from page 19) who later promise a military dictator- At Sotelo’s grave, the monarchists ship (Mola, July 29th, 1936), the swore that they would avenge him. Gil sults of the present economic system, suppression of all trade unions, aboli- Robles, leader of the so-called “Cath- The And so far as Mr, Farrell himself is tion of parliament and the revocation olie Party,” in a speech to the Cortes concerned, they have overlooked the of all civil liberties (Franco, August on July 4th, warns the government fact that although he is aware of the 28th, 1936). The people of Spain go that “responsibility” would overtake the outside toilet, he never fails to see the to the polls. “highest” therein. “Our wrath will DUANE stars through its broken roof. More than half of the total popula- fall upon the parties which support you —Lrsuiz Reape tion of 24 million Spanish people voted in the Popular Front coalition and to determine the future of their coun- will spatter the whole régime with Press

try. Of these 13 million voters, ten mud, with misery and with blood,” he A Love Story million reached a verdict against op- yells, Having spoken, he rushed off to (Continued from page 17) pression, Close to 75 per cent of the Portugal. “But all the people . . total voted against reaction, against the Four days after this speech, on July Union Printers “Yeh, when all the people... That's very tyrants who control the govern- 18th, there was unchained in Spain the the reason I hate to see everybody's ment, against their agonizing cry of most horrible, the most devastating in- of Quality heart so set on these here lights goin’ “God Needs Us.” * Thousands of Cath- vasion of armed hordes, that has few out. What they gotta know is that are aghast at the dictatorial posi- parallels in the history of the world. ° even if the lights don’t go out things tion taken by the autocratic body of the Franco and Mola and all those ain't lost. The strike's gotta go on Church. others are guilty of a crime that can- Booklets anyway. I been through and seen a lot not be met with forgiveness. They of these kind of troubles in and out The Republic Wins have not only broken their oath of Pamphlets of Chi. The end, I’m sure about now. After the election, the most important loyalty to the Republic, they mean to In the end the workin’ people’s gotta thing in relation to coming events is force the people of Spain to reject their Circulars win, cause it’s the only right there is. probably the division of the Cortes, the vote. But it is this very vote which But it ain’t easy. We're gonna take Spanish congress. The Cortes is com- has proved that they shall never rule Folders many a lickin’ between now and then, posed of 470 deputies. Of these, 286 the people of Spain again. With that but we'll give them plenty a lickin’ represent the Popular Front, while 184 as their objective, they are licked be- . stand for the late government's policies. fore they start. They can only hope to too, don’t worry. But either way Printers forthe American League Against baby, we stick around here now, and The division of seats amongst the Popu- rule a devastated country in which the War and Fascism then we stick together. See.” lar Front representatives is interesting. majority of the population must be She looked straight ahead, to the ‘There are 16 Communists, 3 Anarcho- annihilated. In just that manner they ° dark row of cottages across the street. Syndicalists, and 90 Social Democrats tried to subdue the revolt of the “Look, Jim. It must be about time. (an extremely conservative group of Asturian miners in 1934, They shot 45 Rose Street New York, N. Y. socialists). This only accounts for 109 3,000 of them, yet for every man that ‘Telephones: Beskman 3-0138, 0139 ‘The Godwins just turned their lights fell three are standing up today. ‘They deputies out of a Popular Front repre-

Yeh... wish we could be surer sentation of 286. The balance of 17 are standing up, willing to die for of the power men.” seats went to the mild Republicans liberty She slipped her arm through his and (constitutionalists), who can be likened This is the story of the carnage in WAR moved closer. Together . . . tonight in a sense to our progressive Demo- Spain today, in which already 100,000 + +.» me, and Jim, and all the people. rats. ‘The Popular Front stood far human beings are known to have been too strong with its majority of 102 seats slaughtered, OUR “Let's watch, Jim. Let's watch the We can let the press of the world lights go out.” to give the reactionaries any hope of speak freely. ‘Those who know what HERITAGE legal interference. To them, only one way was open: The use of the army, freedom means will be able to draw only 50c. their own conclusions. No Pasaran! which was the uncontested tool of the Here is a fresh, breezy little book, ruling class, But they are not pre- Spain in Blood expressing the moods and aims of (Continued from page 26) pared to act in open revolt immediately American youth in the quest for step. It unites itself undeniably with after the February elections. They con- peace . .« Ie gives you the lowdown ‘The rebels’ task is a simple one. fon the RO. T. C., the Veterans of fine themselves to undermining all Future Wars, the Oxford Pledge, the arch-enemies of the free Republic. ‘They need but to murder, pillage and the student strike against war, ete. Tt backs the reactionaries in their fight progressive moves on the part of the burn as they advance. ‘The govern- Written by the two outstanding against the demands of the people for government. ment must protect the women and chil- Ieaders of the student movement in an agrarian reform law and for Cata- During all this time, the government dren; they must save the art treasures America lonia’s independence. They form a of Azana, who again becomes the Presi- of Spain from destruction, Joseph P. Lash and block, not only with the monarchists, dent of the Republic, continues the they attack, they must spare the lives ‘James A. Wechsler but with the Fascists as well. ‘This is work it started in 1931 after it has of non-combatants who may be in the ‘THE THEORY, AND PRACTICE, oF hard to understand when we think of restored to the people their constitu- line of their fire. SOCIALISM, by Joho Strachey. price (53), 239 IN REVOLT, by Guanes en) the words of Hitler’s aide, Rosenberg: tional rights which had been usurped the Church is our stronghold,” Repard 2.00 “Phe doctrine of Fascism is irrecon- during the reactionary period of 1933- said rebel headquarters. Indeed, they SEVER" 250) RitD’ SUNDAYS)"by Sender ‘ cilable with that of the Catholic 1936. use most of them as machine gun nests tig sun PLAYS, ‘bow by Passan oer, our (5250). price $250 3199 Church. Tt knows but the Swastika, The Rebellion and fortifications. Authoritative sources @ RIBLD, Bees, our price $250 incompatible with the Christian, cross.” have stated that some priests have flung HEWAR BRANDON. CORSON Anderson Rag our on price oe $250 This group, representing aristocratic On Sunday, July 12th, 1936, the their cassocks aside to defend Spanish Spain, goes to the election battle with beloved leader of Madrid’s shock po- autocrac} BELLS OF BASEL; Araton, oor Price 22 slogans of “Vote Spanish” and “God lice, José de Costillo, is assassinated in A few weeks ago, a priest stood on THEIWAY OF ‘A011 NSGheSSOn ie Needs Us.” the streets of Madrid. The anger of the pulpit of the church in Santiago ‘They now hold power in their hands his men knows no bounds. ‘They seem de Calzia and urged all the men to go Order all books through the and don’t wish to relinquish it. Here to be able to identify one of his mur- to war, to fight in the ranks of the Workers and Peoples Book Shops is Gil Robles as War Minister. Gen- derers very definitely, for that same rebels. Suddenly the voice of the arch- 0,2. 13m 5, 2067 Jerome Ave, 1001 eral Fanjul, who later becomes the night they arrest the monarchist and bishop broke the hushed silence of the ‘Avon St9 Suiter Ave, 6301 Bs chief of the Madrid revolt, is under- ‘excfinance leader, Colvo Sotelo. They congregation: “Slay no more sons of Bardwell, 220" Utien Ave, “and Brighton” mal order Gch Su 00 secretary to this ministry. General are too impatient to await the due men; slay no more of your brothers in Franco holds the most important mili- processes of law; Sotelo is delivered at Christ!” This noble attitude is a truly WORKERS LIBRARY tary position. General Mola also holds the gates of a Madrid cemetery, with Catholic and truly Christian one. Spain Bor 148, New York City FIGHT, January 1937 29

can still count many men like this one. Shut Up! the reconstruction of the destroyed of the Hitlerian vocabulary in which “They know that the Roman Catholic Munich Crystal Palace was a move to constantly recur words beginning with Church recognizes but one moral law: (Continued from page 21) conciliate estranged Bavarian senti- “re,” “restore,” “reawaken,” “revive,”

“Rebellion against the legitimate civil New York Times) rearranged by ment. The political nature of the “rebirth,” “‘renascence.” Nothing new regimentation of art in Germany to- authorities has always been condemned races, with Nordics preferred. ‘The is to be born in the Nazi culture; only by the Church. ‘Today, a more effica- Berlin Secession has been closed to day is indicated in Weltkunst, which the old is to be made over. cious method to throw off tyranny is almost every week publishes in the last Related to this psychology are the non-Aryans. Pictures by Oskar Ko- page's right-hand column governmental statements made in Vélkischer Beo: given by the suffrage of citizens.” koschka and Karl Hofer have been (From a volume on Moral ‘Theology, removed from the museums. Of the rules and regulations for artists. bachter by Florentine Hamm: “Once an abstract exposition of the Roman the German soul found its complete © painters and sculptors considered the Catholic doctrine, approved by the foremost living German artists when The Reaction Speaks pression in stone and wood—Gothic Holy See.) the Museum of Modern Art arranged Hitler (who aspired to be an artist art. The thirteenth century was a We read in the German pre its 1931 exhibition, not one is listed only to be refused by the art schools, and Gothic century.” Yet an authority like 100,000 have lost their lives in Spai in the exhibitions held in 1934 at who recently exhibited his water colors Prof. Talbot Hamlin of Columbia No doubt most of these have become Munich by the “Munich Secession” University states that “It was in the martyrs of the Bolshevik blood- and in Berlin in 1935 by the “Ausstel- it the Leipzig Museum) on the occ: France that the basis of Gothic was sion of the laying, in 1933, of the cor- bath. Daily more and more of the lung Berliner Kunst,” though before nerstone of the Munich "Temple of first developed. In Germany, Gothic government militia are going over to Hitler they were constantly exhibited, German Art” insisted there is no room was largely an imported style” the Nationals. (Fascist name for for example at the “Kiinstlerbund” ex- in Germany for “cultural bolshevism.” Franco's hordes—Editor.) The bal- hibition at Essen in 1931 and at the Adolf Wagner, then Bavarian Min- “Folk Soul” by Decree ance of the militia are only waiting to Prussian Academy in Berlin in 1932 With such an ideological background ister of the Interior, said, “Blood and join Franco as soon as they can escape. Similarly, nine of the artists included soil are the roots from which grow life for regimentation, Goebbels, chief of Russia's (sic) assistance to Madrid in this museum’s abstract show last

and development.’ the Bureau of Propaganda and Enlight- ~~" only prolongs this civil war.” year are in exile, states a footnote in Goebbels, who holds power of life enment, is creating a ‘folk soul” by ‘This and no more is told to the peo- the catalogue. and death over all German cultural decree. In Decrees XXX to XXXII ple of Germany, who suffer under the activities, even to critics, in-1933 stated of the Third Reich, he was given juris most tyrannic form of government in The Camel Is Semitic that the artist cannot be unpolitical and diction over intelligence reports and existence. In every country in Europe we find ‘This is how Hitler has accomplished that he must not be international, add- icity in other countries, art, art 1a well-developed Fascist press. They art's “rebirth” in Germany. Some ing that Jews would be eliminated not exhibitions, films and sports affairs in often sell for less than any other paper excesses may be noted. In typography by legislative action but by the German foreign countries, music, theatre, radio, in town. Their methods invariably are the ugly and illegible black letter has people! Wagner, harking back to the ete,, ete. A chamber of culture was set been revived, though the type faces de- past, called Munich the soul of Ger- up, with subsidiary chambers for writ- the same. They promise a superior many and said the new “Temple of cers, press, radio, theatre, music, paint- form of dictatorship, always _remind- signed in Germany after the War were ing their adherents that it will be better notable contributions to the printer's Art” would be no “drab modernistic” ing, sculpture and films. All German than those Fascist dictatorships which art and though the sans-serif letter has affair. Alfred Rosenberg, author of cultural creation emanates from these now exist. Always their reports of the established itself everywhere as a mod- The Myth of the Twentieth Century, bodies. One cannot exhibit a painting em_ style. Generally, Gothic and an extraordinary revelation of ruling or sculpture unless one belongs to the Spanish situation resemble each othe class mentality, regrets both modern proper chamber; and no one can belong Always they speak of the glo medieval styles are promoted and the unless approved by the Ministry of victories of the Fascists. tendency to hark back to Charlemagne experimental art and the psuedo- Some, no doubt, read these papers is indicative of the régime’s cultural ob- baroque of recent imperial periods. Propaganda. Naturally, no unpopular seurantism. The Krupps, on the other ‘Again Goebbels runs counter to world political views get by. Yet the people of Europe are little in- hand, do not hark back to bows and critical opinion when he says in 1934, As a result, creative life is dead. fluenced by this campaign of vilification “Especially in the graphic arts, Repub- Rosenberg speaks of the “smooth against Democracy. In architecture, functionalism, the lican Germany went along such ghastly monumental style of the National So- joint gift of France and Germany to wrong paths.” Yet everywhere in the cialist Way of Life.” (Capitals his.)

World Sympathy the world, with the American Frank civilized world, Dix’s, Grosz’s and But this is the architecture of mauso- ‘The people of Europe stand united Lloyd Wright as its spiritual father, Kollwitz’s anti-war prints have been leums, not of life. Unprejudiced ob. in their defense of the real Spain. is looked at askance, and flat roofs are hailed as great masterpieces of our age. servers report that_a calm like death ‘Their action bespeaks their sympathy regarded as “‘Jewish-Oriental.” It is “Leader” of the German people, exists in cultural Germany. There is with the heroic fight for freedom. Not id that the Bauhaus, denuded of its Hitler aspires to be leader of German no flux of ideas evolving new forms. only Europe, but the whole world con- aders, now boasts a pitched roof, artists, when he says in 1934, “The Pseudo-classicism and “academicism” genuine artists would join us quite are the sole harvest of blood and soil. tinues to prove its solidarity with the symbol of its new allegiance to old Spanish people. ideas, spontaneously, because we are construc- Tn consequence, the dramatic critic of In France, Holland, Czechoslovakia, ‘An account in the New York Times tive ourselves.” ‘The constructiveness the London Times, trying desperately Britain, Norway, Sweden, Belgium, relates that “Nordic” painters were ad- exemplified in concentration camps is to say the kindest word for Nazi cul- Mexico and the United States, workers, vised not to use Indian-yellow, a pig- not apparently to the liking of repu- ture, can do no more than, “The new intellectuals and members of the mid- ment derived from a by-product of the table creative workers, however, to Germany is as yet artist cally barren.”

judge from the list of exiles. dle class have collected food, clothing camel, as this animal was not consi and money for the aid of the fighters ered to be in harmony with purist ‘The Munich “Temple of Art” typi Ostrich Tacties for Democracy in Spain. In Yugo- dic aims. In general, ‘cultural bolshe- fies Hitler’s artistic standards. A ‘To conceal the sterility of the Nazi vistic” tendencies are opposed. booklet, distributed in this country in program is plainly the purpose of the slavia, despite a government ban, funds have been raised for the children of the The Nazi hostility to modern art 1934 to raise funds for the building, latest Goebbels edict, banning criticism Spanish militiamen. Even in Japan are does not stem from a sincere albeit prej- begins thus: “We call upon our artists of the drama, films, literature, painting, heard words of encouragement. From udiced and mistaken dislike of present- to wield the noblest weapon in defense seulpture and other art works. Critics a Tokyo newspaper: “Can our pro- day trends in art; it is a calculated of the German people: German art!” are neither to praise or blame a work At the seventh Nazi Congress at Nu- of art, only to describe it. Plainly letarian organization undertake some- policy of racial and political subjuga- thing to help the Republican ex- tion, based on a shrewd understanding remberg in September, 1935, Hitler synopsis of the plot of a novel or an ponents?” of the relation between social and politi- said: “In the midst of everything we account of the composition of a painting cal democratic movements and demo- found time to lay the foundations for will not give any idea as to whether it “The fight for Democracy in Spain is the fight for Democracy of the whole cratic esthetic movements. Devoted anew Temple of Art... We re- is a good or bad production. Thus the solved that on no account would we barrenness of the arts in Germany to- world. Everywhere, as we have seen, to reaction in polities, the Nazi régi the people stand against the horrors of dares not permit any ferment of ideas allow the dadaist or futurist or intimist day will be concealed from the world, Fascism and war. In helping Spain, in art. It follows, therefore, that often or objectivist babblers to take part in as well as from the German people. we are helping our own struggle for an art program has been dictated by the this new cultural movement.” This Fortunately, ostrich tactics never long liberty. ‘most blatant political considerations, as attitude may be understood in the light prevail in hiding the truth.

30 January 1937, FIGHT

‘ HY ARE the American measure responsible for the defeat of like George Washington and the Irish quest of Ethiopia, League and other anti- the Central Powers in the World War, saints.” The Rockefeller Foundation of Nazi groups operating in the country 'ascist organizations rais- has stubbed its toe once more, this has granted $655,000 to the Kaiser and established a minimum wage for ing funds to purchase medical supplies, upon the Nazi-Japanese military alli- Wilhelm Institute of Germany. A women employees at a level 20 per food and clothing for the Spanish ance. Even Hitler seems appalled by proposal has been made that all New cent below that fixed for men, loyalists when the bank vaults of Mad- the uproar of protest aroused in all York pupils be fingerprinted upon rid hold one of Continental Europe’s democratic nations, including hitherto eaving elementary school. And ‘The splendid response given by largest gold reserves?” a number of friendly Great Britain and the aloof tific research by strikers at the Berk- French and other seamen of Europe to Doubting Thomases have asked. United States. shire Knitting Mills in Reading, Pa., pleas for support from their striking Wall, does the money in your pocket So Beautiful Adolf tries to smooth has disclosed that tear gas will not American brothers is almost unpreced- or even your bank account last very things over by releasing Lawrence touch pickets if they lie on the pave: ented in labor history. Port after port long when you lose your job and at the Simpson, falsely imprisoned American ment while blocking plant entrances to hhas refused to unload ships from the same time have to mect a big hospital seaman, and saying that, after all, Carl strike-breakers, U. S. unless they are manned by union bill? Don’t forget, too, that nations von Ossietzky may go to Norway to crews. This solidarity is extremely sig- operate on a credit basis. Even the collect the Nobel Peace Prize. It had nificant because it shows that in time of United States couldn't pay cash for Have you a little chain gang on previously been announced that von your farm? Paul D. Peacher, Earle, war the world’s seamen could effectively long. And with Spain in a turmoil, the Ossietzky, also just released from Ark, planter, thought he had solved block shipment of munitions. government's normal revenues have prison, would ‘‘contribute” his $40,000 been curtailed alarmingly at a time award to a fund for fighting Com- his labor problems when he got him- ‘The American Federation of Labor when it has to meet the tremendous ex- self appointed town marshal in order seems bent on emulating the Knights pense of a modern war. ‘Tue Front, by the way, is mighty to arrest Negroes on trumped-up of Labor, which attained great power and millions of members in the 1880's The truth is that the rebels banked proud of the fact that it was the only cn the belief that by sabotaging Spain’s American magazine which carried a and then collapsed when it refused to join the A. F. of L. in the fight for credit they could bring her to her full story on von Ossietzky 2 month knees. But the millions of dollars which before he received the Nobel prize. the eight-hour day. Now it is the Fed- came pouring eration which has become reactionary in from anti-Fascist And did you notice how the U. S. 2 QD and refuses to support John L. Lewis sympathizers all over the world have State Department, which had done prevented this. In the meantime, practically nothing to obtain Simpson's and his Committee for Industrial Or- Franco is discovering that Germany charges and make them work for ganization of the steel industry. ‘To the release, rose to Hitler's bait and claim- nothing on his plantation. and Italy, upon whom he depended for ed the credit rightly belonging to the jerage worker the organization of unlimited funds and munitions, are National Committee for the Defense ‘The Souther ‘Tenant Farmers strong industrial unions is as important none too flush themselves and may not of Political Prisoners, which publi Union thought otherwise, so Peacher, a5 was the attainment of the eight-hour extend credit indefinitely unless the (or should it be Poacher) was tried day back in the Nineties. And it is a cized the case throughout the world. and sentenced to two years in prison But Hitler’s friendly gestures do not guess that unless William Green and fined $3,500 for violating the changes his policies he will live to see alter the fact that Berlin and Tokyo state's anti-slavery statute. ave signed a treaty which is aimed not his organization swallowed up by the only at the Soviet Union but also at all This is a victory for Negro workers CLO, the democratic nations. Their talk of surpassed only by the recent decision & Seay “preserving cultural standards by de- of the U. S. Supreme Court to rehear How would you feel if Gerald K. stroying Communism” would be funny Angelo Herndon’s case. Herndon was Smith succeeded in organizing his young democratic forces are defeated soon, if it were not so disgusting. It does given a long sentence on a real chain Fascist army in Louisiana and, with the After borrowing all they could, the seem strange, though, that Hitler gang because he led an unémployed aid of several regiments of hard-bitten rebels now have moved their financial didn’t realize the old red herring had demonstration in Georgia some years soldiers of fortune, made a surprise at- headquarters to Amsterdam, the been pretty badly shopworn by his kup the Mississippi, captured Am world’s diamond center, in order to sell friend Willie Hearst during the Amer- gold reserves, which are all buried their jewelry and church treasures ican Presidential campaign, If Peacher had followed the example in the Kentucky mountains, continued more advantageously. set by Japan in Manchukuo, he might on and took Chicago, thus cutting the ‘There is another answer to the ques have got away with his scheme without nation in two and cutting off food tion which is even more valid than the protest from his slaves. The supplies from the West? Japanese first. That is that folks who contribute @\\II// imported 73 tons of opium into their \d what would you do if th their nickels, dimes and quarters to the Puppet empire last year in order to cist nations sent hordes of battleships Spanish aid fund obtain a tremendous stupefy unwilling subject and planes to help Smith attack New sense of kinship SES with the volunteers on But the Nipponese are having plenty Madrid’s barricades. People who have of trouble in sections out of reach of “never bothered Some funny things are going on in much” about the situ- the field of education these days. State their narcotics. Latest reports are that on in Europe begin to root for their they have been driven out of Suiyuan side after giving away their hard- Senator John J. McNaboe has dis- Province by a Chinese army which is earned cash. covered that Cornell University is a Such a feeling of solidar- hotbed of Communism. Hitler's “hi now planning to thrust on into Chahar ity is a splendid development and, in and other northern provinces stolen by the months and years to come, may do torians” have proved that Columbus Japan. more than anything else to halt the didn’t discover America after all. The Yorkand Washington while democratic ravages of Fascism, not so Very Rev. Robert I. Gannon, Chile is a paradox among nations and countries refused to lend the U. S. S. J., president of Fordham Univer. developments there will bear watching ‘money or sell it munitions and food for Germany’s Dumb Dora diplomacy, sity, praises Mussolini and says. the in the near future. In one week, the fear the Fascists might declare war on the blunders of which were in large Spanish rebels are “glorious outlaws government recognized the Italian con- them? FIGHT, January 1937 31

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