Asian Journal of Convergence in Technology Volume III, Issue II ISSN No.:2350-1146, I.F-2.71

Music Modulated TENS Therapy

Keerthana Mary Arul, Student(BE) Macleen M.Pereira, Student(BE) Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Fr C.Rodrigues Institue of Technology,Vashi Fr C.Rodrigues Institue of Technology,Vashi Navi-Mumbai,India Navi-Mumbai,India [email protected] [email protected]

Yogesh Sapte, Yogesh N Chandurkar,Asst.Professor Department of Electronics &Telecommunication Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Fr C.Rodrigues Institue of Technology, Vashi Fr C.Rodrigues Institue of Technology,Vashi Navi-Mumbai,India Navi-Mumbai,India [email protected] [email protected]

Abstract— Often, for alleviating severe pain, strong painkiller medications are administered which leads to side effects on a long term basis. In case postoperative care this prolongs surgical recovery time in turn increased hospitalization costs. One cannot do away without using pain medications but finding an alternative way to lessen the dosage and therefore lessen the side effects is II. THEORIES highly sought after area of research over the years .Alternative There are two theories behind how TENS units work. pain treatment methods, such as music therapy, TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulus) can be envisaged as an A. Gate Theory: aid to some of the problems posed by pain medications. Pain impulses progress through the small nociceptive fibers with little Implementing music therapy along with TENS could possibly or no myelination (A-delta and C fibers), whereas the current passed reduce the health risk of these pain drugs and medical costs. In this through TENS electrode activates large, highly myelinated fibers paper the basic science of TENS, the results of various experiments (afferent A- beta fibers). When these two impulses arrive at the same conducted for testing effectiveness of TENS and combined effect of pathway into the brain, the larger nerve impulse (thicker A-delta TENS and music that could be achieved in alleviating pain is fibers with slight myelination) supersedes the smaller nerve discussed. The effect of TENS on parasite killing on vegetables increasing impulse due to it’s more conducive to transmit faster. By doing so pain impulse cannot reach brain, as electrical stimulation decreases their shell life, accelerating relaxation in humans is highlighted in the sensation of pain by increasing the activation of A-beta fibers and this paper. therefore ‘closing the gate’ of pain for transmission to spinal Keywords— Post operative care, TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical cord(Fig.1).Although biologically the activation of large Nerve Stimulus), Music therapy, Alleviating pain. B. Endorphin Theory: I. INTRODUCTION Also known as the opiate-mediated theory is based on the presence

of natural opiates in the body. They are produced in the spinal cord The Biology of Pain. and pituitary gland as enkephalins[11] and beta-endorphins,

respectively and act as the body’s own natural pain relievers. These In humans there are commonly three types of nerves; motor nerves help in decreasing the sensation of pain and, in turn mimic the which are the largest and go to the muscles, sensory nerves are a action of narcotic drugs. This theory is attained when low- little smaller and allow the person to feel the happenings of the skin, frequency (approximately 1-10 Hz or if a burst mode) TENS is used and pain nerves, the smallest, which transmit pain impulses .In case as it activates mu -opioid receptors both in the spinal cord and of any tissue damage or pain, Nociceptors are the nerve cells which supraspinally (in the medulla) . The endogenous opiates produced get activated and electrical signals are sent to spinal cord .The interact with specific receptor sights in the central and peripheral neurotransmitters in spinal cord forward this sensation to the brain. nervous systems, thereby blocking the perception of pain. [3] The brain then responds by analyzing it and sending natural painkillers like endorphins, endogenous opioids or norepinephrine to numb the sensation.[1]

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Asian Journal of Convergence in Technology Volume III, Issue II ISSN No.:2350-1146, I.F-2.71

nerves doesn’t occur naturally. IV. SOFTWARE SIMULATION OF TENS SYSTEM

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Fig 3.Software simulation of proposed system[10]

V. TENS ON VEGETABLES

An experimentation to check the effect of TENS on fruits & vegetables was carried out. Here two identical potatoes were used. Initially both potatoes A & B were cut, to make a site for bacteria's

to build in, with application of TENS on regular basis only on potato B. It was observed that blackening of Potato B was comparatively less compared to that of Potato A. Before making any concrete

conclusion on TENS use for killing of parasite/ bacteria [4], it is Fig 1. Simplistic view of the gate control theory. Pain signals are blocked at the spinal cord level before they can be transmitted to the brain. [2] essential to carry out this in multiple samples.

III. SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig 4 Fig 5

Fig 4. Potato A towards left and TENS given to potato B on right side. Fig 5. Potato B is less blackened and is on left side whereas potato A towards right.

VI. TENS ON HUMANS

The experiment conducted was the relaxation period required for Fig 2. Block diagram of proposed system humans after physical activities such as running in the stairs without administrating TENS to the subject and after administrating TENS The normal TENS pulse is modulated using the music as selected was analyzed based on blood pressure and pulse rate, the results by the physiotherapist/nurse, accordingly the output of modulator observed are tabulated below. shall be modulated TENS pulse which is administered via electrodes to the person. The music used for modulation is also TABLE I. READINGS TAKEN OF 10 HEALTHY PEOPLE MEASURING BLOOD given via the headset to the person for greater extent of relaxation. PRESSURE (BP) IN UNITS OF SYSTOLE AND DIASTOLE (SYS, DIA) AND

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Asian Journal of Convergence in Technology Volume III, Issue II ISSN No.:2350-1146, I.F-2.71

PULSE RATE (PR) IN UNITS OF HEART PER MINUTE (BPM) WITH AND found that if the Shankha is played by infusing (through the mouth) WITHOUT TENS twenty-seven cubic feet of air per second, within a few minutes the Trail After walking After 10 mins After TENS bacteria in a surrounding area of two thousand two hundred square stairs interval therapy feet shall be killed.[9] The contribution of the positive emotional (BP) (PR) (BP) (PR) (BP) (PR) property of music to music-induced analgesia has been put into Sys dia bpm sys dia bpm sys dia bpm practice like in case of postoperative pain or in chronic pain.[7] 1. 136 88 82 131 85 80 125 80 78 Once the music is combined with brain wave signals, it stimulates 2. 123 77 114 118 75 100 112 81 83 the alpha waves of brain which have been determined as a stimulator for release of endorphin and creates a relaxation state 3. 128 90 84 121 84 75 118 79 73 proving to be an aid for pain relief. Consequently reducing heart 4. 130 92 100 126 90 97 125 89 80 rate, blood pressure, body temperature and respiration rate and this 5. 133 100 102 125 96 94 123 92 84 is a distraction reducing the pain perception and reducing especially 6. 140 108 106 128 100 90 124 100 88 the nausea due to chemotherapy. The effectiveness of TENS with 7. 138 94 106 125 88 87 130 90 74 music therapy thus cannot be denied completely. 8. 135 92 108 127 90 85 122 88 76 9. 138 96 105 125 90 90 123 89 79 10. 145 99 111 130 86 85 128 84 75 IX. MUSIC WITH TENS-BLOCK DIAGRAM

VII. RESULTS The simulation of a simple IC555 based mono-stable multi- vibrator for conversion of music to generate TENS –PWM mode From the experiments performed as above we come to few if shown in fig6. The output is control by the voltage amplitude observations which helps to analyze more about the use and at pin no 5(Control pin). A better result can be obtained by using effectiveness of tens not only humans but on vegetables and fruits Graphic Equalizer (MSGEQ07) in order to limit the highly as well. varying in frequency music to limited frequency range of TENS. 1 .It was observed that TENS helps increase the shelf life of vegetables and fruits, though to a small extent. 2. TENS on humans has helped to bring down blood pressure and pulse rate to standard normal values. On the basis of values as mentioned above there is a 3 min difference in bringing down the physiological parameters to normal values.

VIII. MUSIC THERAPY

The traditional classical , offers a soothing effect to the body, lowers mental tensions and has been recommended for patients suffering from heart diseases, high blood pressure, diabetes etc. The empirical studies result on therapeutic evaluation of the classical is mentioned below: [6] [9]

Raga has been found to uproot some of the sinus and chest Fig6.simulation for conversion of music to TENS waveforms related problems like asthma, chronic cold, cough, tuberculosis. is efficacious in eliminating the impurities of blood and related diseases. Raga pacifies anger, excessive mental excitement and instability. Raga Surat and Raga have also been found successful in curing mental disorders and calming the mind. Raga Hindola helps enhancing concentration and sharpening the memory. A research study conducted at the Berlin University indicated that the bacteria and germs in the surrounding could be destroyed by the vibrations produced by the bugle sound. More specifically, it was

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Asian Journal of Convergence in Technology Volume III, Issue II ISSN No.:2350-1146, I.F-2.71

XI. REFERENCES

[1] Mark JohnsonMI(1998)Transcutaneous electrical nerve

simulation(TENS).17:261 [2] Gerta Vrbová, Olga Hudlicka and Kristin Schaefer Centofanti, ”Application of Muscle/Nerve Stimulation in Health and Disease” Springer Science & Business Media, 19-Apr-2008 [3] Madhuri Sharma, Rajnee, and Kamlesh Chandra Mathur “Affects of Music Therapy On Clinical And Biochemical Parameters Of Metabolic Syndrome” J Bangladesh Soc Physiol, 2011 December ; 6(2): 108-115 [4] Carrie Sussman, Barbara M. Bates-Jensen “Wound Care: A Collaborative Practice Manual“Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007 [5] Lazarou L, Kitsios A, Lazarou I, Sikaras E, Trampas A “Effects of intensity of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) on pressure pain threshold and blood pressure in Fig.7.Output for fig.6 Simulation healthy humans: A randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled trial.” Clin J Pain. 2009 Nov-Dec;25(9):773-80. doi: X. CONCLUSION 10.1097/AJP.0b013e3181a7ece3. [6] Srivastava R. A bit of raga may cure your ailment – Times of India. Sep 6, 2001 Music which shall be prescribed by the physiotherapist is to be used [7] Chelsea Ducille “Musical Healing: Music Therapy as a as modulating signal and TENS unit pulse as carrier signal, both Supplement or Replacement to Postoperative Pain when given to custom made modulator circuit the pulse obtained Medication” Academic Writing (Spring 2012) Music as Medicine Professor Cary Moskovit shall be music modulated TENS. The same music shall be given to [8] The brain from top to bottom the patients via headphones. It is expected that the combination of http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/d/d_03/d_03_cl/d_03_cl_dou/d_03 both therapies as one should enhance the relaxation as well as _cl_dou.html# promote pain relief. With reference to the results above, it could be [9] OEOM Shanti Music therapy http://oeom.com/?page_id=173 said that, TENS is effective in killing of the bacteria and therefore [10] AT89S52 Data sheet www.atmel.com/images/doc0313.pdf can be used for wound or skin healing. TENS therapy can be [11] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enkephalin enhanced by using music and the generation of fundamental PWM pulse can be obtained by the simple circuitry as mentioned above.

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Asian Journal of Convergence in Technology Volume III, Issue II ISSN No.:2350-1146, I.F-2.71

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