Asian Journal of Convergence in Technology Volume III, Issue II ISSN No.:2350-1146, I.F-2.71 Music Modulated TENS Therapy Keerthana Mary Arul, Student(BE) Macleen M.Pereira, Student(BE) Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Fr C.Rodrigues Institue of Technology,Vashi Fr C.Rodrigues Institue of Technology,Vashi Navi-Mumbai,India Navi-Mumbai,India [email protected] [email protected] Yogesh Sapte, Yogesh N Chandurkar,Asst.Professor Department of Electronics &Telecommunication Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Fr C.Rodrigues Institue of Technology, Vashi Fr C.Rodrigues Institue of Technology,Vashi Navi-Mumbai,India Navi-Mumbai,India [email protected] [email protected] Abstract— Often, for alleviating severe pain, strong painkiller medications are administered which leads to side effects on a long term basis. In case postoperative care this prolongs surgical recovery time in turn increased hospitalization costs. One cannot do away without using pain medications but finding an alternative way to lessen the dosage and therefore lessen the side effects is II. THEORIES highly sought after area of research over the years .Alternative There are two theories behind how TENS units work. pain treatment methods, such as music therapy, TENS A. Gate Theory: (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulus) can be envisaged as an aid to some of the problems posed by pain medications. Pain impulses progress through the small nociceptive fibers with little Implementing music therapy along with TENS could possibly or no myelination (A-delta and C fibers), whereas the current passed reduce the health risk of these pain drugs and medical costs. In this through TENS electrode activates large, highly myelinated fibers paper the basic science of TENS, the results of various experiments (afferent A- beta fibers). When these two impulses arrive at the same conducted for testing effectiveness of TENS and combined effect of pathway into the brain, the larger nerve impulse (thicker A-delta TENS and music that could be achieved in alleviating pain is fibers with slight myelination) supersedes the smaller nerve discussed. The effect of TENS on parasite killing on vegetables increasing impulse due to it’s more conducive to transmit faster. By doing so pain impulse cannot reach brain, as electrical stimulation decreases their shell life, accelerating relaxation in humans is highlighted in the sensation of pain by increasing the activation of A-beta fibers and this paper. therefore ‘closing the gate’ of pain for transmission to spinal Keywords— Post operative care, TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical cord(Fig.1).Although biologically the activation of large Nerve Stimulus), Music therapy, Alleviating pain. B. Endorphin Theory: I. INTRODUCTION Also known as the opiate-mediated theory is based on the presence of natural opiates in the body. They are produced in the spinal cord The Biology of Pain. and pituitary gland as enkephalins[11] and beta-endorphins, respectively and act as the body’s own natural pain relievers. These In humans there are commonly three types of nerves; motor nerves help in decreasing the sensation of pain and, in turn mimic the which are the largest and go to the muscles, sensory nerves are a action of narcotic drugs. This theory is attained when low- little smaller and allow the person to feel the happenings of the skin, frequency (approximately 1-10 Hz or if a burst mode) TENS is used and pain nerves, the smallest, which transmit pain impulses .In case as it activates mu -opioid receptors both in the spinal cord and of any tissue damage or pain, Nociceptors are the nerve cells which supraspinally (in the medulla) . The endogenous opiates produced get activated and electrical signals are sent to spinal cord .The interact with specific receptor sights in the central and peripheral neurotransmitters in spinal cord forward this sensation to the brain. nervous systems, thereby blocking the perception of pain. [3] The brain then responds by analyzing it and sending natural painkillers like endorphins, endogenous opioids or norepinephrine to numb the sensation.[1] www.asianssr.org ID: 1053 Asian Journal of Convergence in Technology Volume III, Issue II ISSN No.:2350-1146, I.F-2.71 nerves doesn’t occur naturally. IV. SOFTWARE SIMULATION OF TENS SYSTEM D 0 D 1 D 2 D 3 D 4 D 5 D 6 D 7 LCD1 V S S V D D V E E LM016L 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 RSRWE 1 2 3 1K RP1 4 5 6 R7 1 RV3 +5V 2 3 D2 4 LED-YELLOW1k 5 6 7 8 9 RESPACK-8 4K7 U3 C3 19 XTAL1 P 0.0/AD0 39 R5 Q3 10u P 0.1/AD1 38 BC141 P 0.2/AD2 37 560E 18 XTAL2 P 0.3/AD3 36 UTURE AUTO RESET PIN P 0.4/AD4 35 P 0.5/AD5 34 P 0.6/AD6 33 BUZ1 R6 9 RST P 0.7/AD7 32 +9V 4K7 21 P2.0/A8 22 P2.1/A9 23 BUZZER LED1 29 PSEN P2.2/A10 24 R1 30 ALE P2.4/A12 25 R8 Q9 31 EA P2.5/A13 26 BC141 390E P2.6/A14 27 560e R14 RV1 LED-RED P2.7/A15 28 4K7 1k LED2 1 10 U1 R2 2 11 P1.0 P3.0/RXD 9 3 P1.1 P3.1/TXD 12 R13 1 COM 16 390E LED3 P1.2 P3.2/INT0 1B 1C R3 LED-RED 4 P1.3 P3.3/INT1 13 560e 2 2B 2C 15 5 P1.4 P3.4/T0 14 3 3B 3C 14 RV2 390E 6 P1.5 P3.5/T1 15 4 4B 4C 13 LED-RED 7 16 5 12 D? 8 P1.6 P3.6/WR 17 6 5B 5C 11 R4 7 7B 7C 10 R16 AT89C51 R9 R10 R11 R12 10k 390e 4K7 4K7 4K7 4K7 ULN2003A LED-RED START ^ MODE STOP 10k A B C0 C Q10 10u D R15 IRF520N 680E Fig 3.Software simulation of proposed system[10] V. TENS ON VEGETABLES An experimentation to check the effect of TENS on fruits & vegetables was carried out. Here two identical potatoes were used. Initially both potatoes A & B were cut, to make a site for bacteria's to build in, with application of TENS on regular basis only on potato B. It was observed that blackening of Potato B was comparatively less compared to that of Potato A. Before making any concrete conclusion on TENS use for killing of parasite/ bacteria [4], it is Fig 1. Simplistic view of the gate control theory. Pain signals are blocked at the spinal cord level before they can be transmitted to the brain. [2] essential to carry out this in multiple samples. III. SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM Fig 4 Fig 5 Fig 4. Potato A towards left and TENS given to potato B on right side. Fig 5. Potato B is less blackened and is on left side whereas potato A towards right. VI. TENS ON HUMANS The experiment conducted was the relaxation period required for Fig 2. Block diagram of proposed system humans after physical activities such as running in the stairs without administrating TENS to the subject and after administrating TENS The normal TENS pulse is modulated using the music as selected was analyzed based on blood pressure and pulse rate, the results by the physiotherapist/nurse, accordingly the output of modulator observed are tabulated below. shall be modulated TENS pulse which is administered via electrodes to the person. The music used for modulation is also TABLE I. READINGS TAKEN OF 10 HEALTHY PEOPLE MEASURING BLOOD given via the headset to the person for greater extent of relaxation. PRESSURE (BP) IN UNITS OF SYSTOLE AND DIASTOLE (SYS, DIA) AND www.asianssr.org ID: 1053 Asian Journal of Convergence in Technology Volume III, Issue II ISSN No.:2350-1146, I.F-2.71 PULSE RATE (PR) IN UNITS OF HEART PER MINUTE (BPM) WITH AND found that if the Shankha is played by infusing (through the mouth) WITHOUT TENS twenty-seven cubic feet of air per second, within a few minutes the Trail After walking After 10 mins After TENS bacteria in a surrounding area of two thousand two hundred square stairs interval therapy feet shall be killed.[9] The contribution of the positive emotional (BP) (PR) (BP) (PR) (BP) (PR) property of music to music-induced analgesia has been put into Sys dia bpm sys dia bpm sys dia bpm practice like in case of postoperative pain or in chronic pain.[7] 1. 136 88 82 131 85 80 125 80 78 Once the music is combined with brain wave signals, it stimulates 2. 123 77 114 118 75 100 112 81 83 the alpha waves of brain which have been determined as a stimulator for release of endorphin and creates a relaxation state 3. 128 90 84 121 84 75 118 79 73 proving to be an aid for pain relief. Consequently reducing heart 4. 130 92 100 126 90 97 125 89 80 rate, blood pressure, body temperature and respiration rate and this 5. 133 100 102 125 96 94 123 92 84 is a distraction reducing the pain perception and reducing especially 6. 140 108 106 128 100 90 124 100 88 the nausea due to chemotherapy. The effectiveness of TENS with 7. 138 94 106 125 88 87 130 90 74 music therapy thus cannot be denied completely. 8. 135 92 108 127 90 85 122 88 76 9. 138 96 105 125 90 90 123 89 79 10. 145 99 111 130 86 85 128 84 75 IX. MUSIC WITH TENS-BLOCK DIAGRAM VII.