Operation Mincemeat Meet Major William Martin of the British Royal Air Force On April 30, 1943, the body of Glyndwr Michael, disguised as Major William Martin of the Royal Marines, was dropped into the sea off Huelva on the Spanish coast. In his briefcase were letters, meticulously faked by British intelligence officers to give the impression that the Allies intended to attack Greece, and not Sicily. Within hours the body was spotted by a young fisherman and brought to shore. The briefcase was taken into Spanish custody and Michael was buried under his assumed name in Huelva cemetery. Would the Spanish pass the documents to the Germans? And if they did, would the Germans take the bait? A British submarine planted Martin's body off the coast of Spain, making it appear that he had died in a plane crash. Although the Spanish were a neutral party in the war, they were sympathetic to the Nazis and shared their discover with them. The Spanish could not simply hand over the body to the Germans, however, without fear of provoking the British. To that end, they carefully examined the body and opened the briefcase. They opened the sealed envelopes very carefully and managed to get the "top secret" documents out long enough to photograph them before replacing them. They then passed the photographs on to Berlin and the body, including the suitcase, to the British. Major Martin was buried with full military honors and the documents were carefully studied by German intelligence. The Germans realized the probability of an attempt at deception, but the British had done such a good job at creating an identity for Major Martin that they were convinced by the evidence they saw. Hitler himself ordered extra Panzer divisions to Greece while neglecting the defense of the real target, Sicily. As with the attack on Normandy later, this ruse made the invasion much easier by insuring that the Nazis were not prepared for it. If the Germans had known it would come in Sicily or had not believed that it would come in Greece, they would have been more prepared when General Montgomery and General Patton landed in Sicily. The diversion worked. The identity of Major Martin remains a mystery. It remained classified for over 50 years after the war. It was not until the 1990s that the name Glyndwr Michael was revealed to the public. Apparently, Martin was really a homeless man from Wales who had committed suicide by eating some rat poison. While some scholars have doubts as to whether Michael was really the corpse used in Operation Mincemeat and we will likely never know for sure, it is interesting to think that a homeless Welsh man helped win World War II for the Allies! June 6, 1944 “Operation Overlord” Map of the English Channel showing routes for the invasion. American, British, and Canadian troops executed the D-Day landing. These countries landing on specific Normandy beaches. They nicknamed the beaches in order to protect the specific landing sites from the Germans. These beaches are still often referred to as their wartime codename. Normandy is located in France and was the location of the D-Day invasion. France had been under German control for 4 long years. http://bcove.me/6iqnku3r The Germans were very aware that the Allies were coming. They prepared the 80 miles of shoreline with obstacles that would make landing difficult. There were over 4 million land mines, hedgehogs, Belgian Gates, barbed wire, etc. The Germans also build huge trenches and ditches that would were flood planes. These would keep the Allies from accessing the German front easily. German Preparations • The commander of the Germans was Erwin Rommel also known as “Desert Fox” – remember his role in Africa • The Germans thought the Allies would attack at high tide Why? Atlantic Wall • The Germans thought the Allies would attack on the Atlantic Wall which was a HUGE defensive line built by the Germans. The Atlantic Wall faced the country of Great Britain. The Germans built bunkers on the side of mountain side. They watched day and night for the Allies to cross the English Channel with their war ships and weapons. Allied Preparation video * The codename for the D-Day invasion was Operation Overlord * The landing took place on the beaches of Normandy * The Allies approached the beaches at low tide before dawn http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1200/is_n23_v145/ai_16073572/ Bad Luck for the Germans • * The German leaders couldn’t decide the best way to protect the beaches. • * Rommel assumed the bad weather on June 6th would delay any attack…he went to Berlin for his wife’s b’day! • * The German leaders weren’t sure it was the REAL invasion…they delayed their defense. * The Allies pulled out all the stops, attacking the Germans from the air, water, and eventually ground. The Allies loaded planes, blimps, boats, and huge warships with supplies, ammunition, and weapons. Paratroopers were a very important part of the D-Day invasion. Some planes did not make it to their destination. British shipyard with ships full of goods and supplies that will be transported to Normandy. Zeplins or blimps were also used to cross the English Channel. These were launched from warships. The zeplins or blimps carried supplies and goods to be dropped on the beaches. Some soldiers got sea sick or collapsed from exhaustion from swimming before making it to shore. Soldiers took huge risk in helping them up on the beach. 4,000 US soliders died at Omaha Beach. Wounded soldiers that were being tended to by medics. End Result • Within a few weeks, the Allies had landed a million troops in France. • From Normandy the Allies pushed across France. On August 25, 1944 the British and American soldiers marched through joyful crowds and liberated Paris. Victory in Europe • Germany fought for survival on two fronts. – In the east the Soviets pushed the Germans out of eastern Europe. – In the west the British and Americans approached the German border. Battle of the Bulge • In mid-December the Germans mounted a last, desperate offensive against the Allies. • On December 16, 1944, they launched a surprise attack along a 50 mile front in Belgium. Battle of the Bulge * In the Battle of the Bulge, the Germans at first drove troops and artillery deep into a bulge in the Allied lines. Harsh weather conditions and extreme cold made fighting difficult. <> Battle of the Bulge • After several weeks of fighting the Allies were able to push the Germans back. • The battle, which resulted in more than 100,000 casualties, marked the end of serious German resistance. Final phase of war in Europe • The final phase of the war in Europe now began • By mid April 1945, the Soviets had surrounded Berlin (German capital). • Hitler who had spent the final months of the war in an underground bunker there, realized that the situation was hopeless and committed suicide on April 30. • Research says that Hitler’s cause of death was suicide caused by gunshot and cyanide poisoning. Final phase of the war in Europe • After Hitler’s death Germany signed and unconditional surrender on May 7, ending the war in Europe. • The Allies declared May 8 V-E Day for “Victory in Europe”. Death of a President • President Roosevelt did not share in the Allied victory celebration. • In February 1945, he had traveled to Yalta in the Soviet Union to meet Churchill and Stalin. • After returning home Roosevelt had gone to Warm Springs, Georgia, for a vacation. • He died suddenly on April 12, 1945. • Americans were saddened by the Harry S. Truman • Vice President Harry S. Truman became the next President of the United States and would lead American to the end of the war. .