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[1] Alciphron1 1) Reference Edition: Schepers 1905, Granholm 2012 (Book 4).2 2) Sender(S): All Purport to Be Fourth-Century B.C

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[1] Alciphron1 1) Reference Edition: Schepers 1905, Granholm 2012 (Book 4).2 2) Sender(S): All Purport to Be Fourth-Century B.C Alciphron1 1) Reference edition: Schepers 1905, Granholm 2012 (book 4).2 2) Sender(s): all purport to be fourth-century B.C. Athenians, grouped in the mss (to varying degrees) and modern editions since Schepers 1905 (see §5, 6, 7) into different social categories (fishermen, rustics, parasites, hetaerae) forming discrete books of letters. There are: 18 different male fishermen and three female relatives (two wives, one daughter)3 among the senders of the 22 letters of fishermen (one sends two letters, 1.17 & 1.19); 31 different male rustics, 6 female relatives or associates,4 and one parasite among the senders of the 39 letters of rustics,5 with the sender of one letter being lost (2.1); 39 different parasites (all male) among the senders of the 39 letters of parasites;6 11 different hetaerae, 3 male lovers,7 with the sender of one letter being lost (4.13) among the 19 letters of hetaerae. The names of the senders in the groups of letters of fishermen, rustics and parasites are ‘speaking names’ which identify them as belonging to a particular category,8 while the names of the senders of the hetaerae letters are those of historical individuals, or are realistic names.9 3) Extent and range of length The fullest mss preserve around 90 letters (but only from three of the groups above, viz. fishermen, rustics, parasites): Harleianus 5566 (14th c.; =Harl. in Schepers 1905)10 contains 88 letters (38 letters of parasites, 29 of rustics, 21 of fishermen);11 Parisinus graecus 1696 (13th/14th c.; =Γ in Schepers 1905) contains 91 letters, i.e. substantially the same letters as Harl. 5566 with a different relative order of groups of addressees (22 letters of fishermen, 28 of rustics, 41 of parasites).12 The 19 letters of hetaerae (plus one further fragment) are preserved in a different ms family (see §5 below), as are some further letters from the other groups. The total collected in Schepers 1905 into four discrete 1 Alciphron is probably Second Sophistic in date, but cannot be dated precisely: see §4 below. 2 See further §10 below. 3 1.6, 1.12 (wives), 1.11 (daughter). 4 2.7 (a midwife), 2.13 (wife and mother), 2.18 (wife), 2.22 (wife), 2.25 (slave-woman), 2.35 (wife). 5 The parasite Gnathon sends 2.32 to a rustic; a parasite of the same name also sends 3.8. 6 The sender of 3.39, Gemellus, shares his name with the sender of 2.24 and addressee of 2.25 among the letters of rustics. 7 4. 8, 4. 11, 4.18. 8 E.g. Naubates (‘Seaman’, 1.5), Eupetalos (‘Goodleaf’, 2.4), Philomageirus (‘Loves-a-cook’, 3.27). See on such ‘speaking names’ in Alciphron Hodkinson 2018. 9 E.g. Phryne (4.1), the hetaera defended by Hypereides (Ath. 13.591b), Menander the comic poet (4.18). 10 The dating of mss follows Marquis 2018. 11 The same contents are found in Marcianus graecus 8.2 (15th c.): see §5 below. 12 See Granholm 2012, 21 n.51, Marquis 2018, 11. [1] books based on the different groups is 122 letters (four of which are to some degree fragmentary: 2.1, 3.41, 4.1, 4.13), plus one further fragment (‘fr. 5’, attached to the letters of hetaerae).13 The letters are relatively brief: the mean average length of the 122 letters (excluding fr. 5) is 20.85 lines in Schepers 1905. Within the books there is some variation in average length, with the hetaerae letters being substantially longer: the letters of fishermen average 16.86 lines, those of rustics 12.69 lines, those of parasites 19.29, those of hetaerae 45.68. The longest letter is 4.19 (at 142 lines), the shortest letter which is not fragmentary is 1.19 (two lines). Five further letters of hetaerae are over sixty lines long (4.13 (fragmentary), 4.14, 4.16, 4.17, 4.18); the longest letter outside the hetaerae letters is 3.19 at 52 lines long. 4) Dating There is no explicit reference to the collection in antiquity; the earliest reasonably secure reference to Alciphron the author is the fictional correspondence with Lucian depicted in Aristaenetus (1.5, 14 1.22) in the fifth or sixth century A.D. Alciphron is described as a ‘rhetor’ in the mss and by Tzetzes in the twelfth century.15 The Atticising language and setting of the letters and their affinities with Lucian and Aelian (cf. AELIAN) strongly suggest a Second Sophistic date,16 though it is not possible to determine certainly the directions of influence: his date is conventionally placed in the late second or 17 early third century A.D. There appears to be no further evidence as to the date of the formation of the collection. 5) Arrangement of letters in mss The surviving mss present the letters of Alciphron in various orders; none of them contains all 123 letters in Schepers 1905 (122 letters plus fr. 5); none presents the four books ordered 1, 2, 3, 4 as in Schepers 1905. Nevertheless, there is substantial overlap between the different ms families in the order of letters within the books and the mss clearly differentiate between different types of correspondent (see below), supporting Schepers’ division of the letters into discrete books (Marquis 2018, 12-14, 22-3, Morrison 2018, 30-2; see also §6, 8 below). Schepers 1905 divides the mss into three families and some independent mss; each family and independent ms contains a different number of letters in a different order. Family 1 (=x in Schepers 1905) transmits three books ordered as 3, 2, 1. Its fullest representatives are Harleianus 5566 (14th 13 Schepers 1905, 156, Benner–Fobes 1949, 340–1. 14 Both the Menandrian content and the letter form recall Alciphron’s letters: see Bing-Höschele 2014, xxii-xxv. 15 Scholia et Glossemata in Chiliades 8.888. He is also mentioned by Eustathius, also in the twelfth century: cf. e.g. Eust. Il. 762.65–7. 16 On these affinities see Benner-Fobes 1949, 6-18. 17 See Anderson 1997, 2188–99, Rosenmeyer 2001, 256–7, Schmitz 2004, 87–8, Granholm 2012, 13-15. [2] c.) and Marcianus VIII.2 (15th c.; =Ven. in Schepers 1905),18 which contain: 3.1-7, 9-18, 20-27, 33, 28- 32, 34-35, 37-39, 42, 19; 2.2-15, 17-27, 16, 28-30; 1.1-13, 15-22. Schepers also classified into this family Neapolitanus III.AA.14, first hand, fols. 129v. ff. (14th c.; =Neap.a), which contains selections of letters from book 3 which appear to be derived from the same order as in Harl. and Ven.19 Family 2 (=x1 in Schepers 1905) transmits three books ordered as 1, 2, 3. Its fullest representative is Parisinus 1696 (13th/14th c.) which contains: 1.1–22; 2.2–15, 17–27, 16, 28, 30; 3.1–39, 41, 42.20 Family 3 (=x2 in Schepers 1905) transmits four books ordered as 1, 3, 2, 4. Its fullest representatives are Vaticanus 1461 (15th c.; =Vat. 2 in Schepers 1905), Laurentianus 59.5 (15th c.; =Flor. in Schepers 1905), Parisinus 3021 (15th c.; =Π in Schepers 1905), which contain: 1.1–11, 13–22; 3.36–41; 2.2–8; 4.1–19, fr. 5. To the same family belongs Parisinus 3050 (15th c.; =Δ in Schepers 1905), which has substantially the same order, but with some omissions and then a supplementary group from those omissions at the end.21 Of the independent mss the oldest and most important are:22 Vindobonensis phil. gr. 342 (11th c.; B in Schepers 1905), the oldest ms of Alciphron, which is the only ms that transmits the whole of book 2 (with the omission of 2.5): 2.1–4, 6–15, 17–27, 16, 28–2.39 (but contains letters from no other book);23 Parisinus suppl. gr. 352 (13th c.; =N in Schepers 1905), which transmits the whole of book 1 followed by some letters of book 3 thus: 1.1–22; 3.1–4, 5 (the last letter is fragmentary).24 6) Publication history The editio princeps of the letters of Alciphron is by M. Musurus in the Aldine edition of the Greek epistolographers (1499). It contains only forty-four letters organized in two books, one consisting of forty letters combining different types of correspondent (1.1–10, 14–22, 3.37–40, 2.3–7, 4.2–11, 14– 15) and the second of four letters (4.16–19). For this edition Musurus appears to have used a now lost apograph of Parisinus 3050 (Δ) with corrections from Vaticanus gr. 1461 (Vat. 2).25 The next 18 See also §3 above. Ven. is an apograph of Harl. 5566 according to Marquis 2018, 16. 19 I.e. selections from the same order from book 3 with the promotion of 17: 3.1, 17, 2–4, 6, 7, 9–13, 16, 18, 19 (Schepers 1905, xviii; Benner–Fobes 1949, 20). 20 Vaticanus gr. 140 (=Vat. 1 in Schepers 1905) contains the same letters up to 3.19, after which the ms breaks off: see Benner-Fobes 1949, 20, Granholm 2012, 20 n. 52. 21 I.e. 1.1–10, 14–22; 3.37–40; 2.3–7; 4.2–11, 14–19; 1.11, 13; 3.36, 41; 2.2, 8; 4.1, 12–13, fr. 5. It also contains CRATES 9 and the first sentence of CRATES 10 between 1.22 and 3.37, apparently due to interpolation.
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